Chapter13 Problems

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Problems
Numbers 1–4 given in parenthesis denote the degree of difficulty.
13.1 Find the density of air at the elevation of Boulder, Colorado [5,500 ft (1,677 m)], and at the summit
Pike’s Peak (14,110 ft [4,302 m]) for an air temperature of 60°F (15°C). (1)
13.2 Calculate the humidity ratio, enthalpy, and specific volume of saturated air at 14.696 psia (101
kPa), using the ideal gas law and table of moist-air properties at 20°F (−6.5°C) and at 70°F (21°C). (
13.3 The air in a room at sea level* is 68°F (20°C) and 50% relative humidity (RH). Will moistu
condense on a window whose surface is at 45°F (7°C)? If the room is 15 ft (4.5 m) square and 8 ft (2
m) high, how much water is contained in the room? (1)
13.4 For a site where the atmospheric pressure is 13.5 psia (93 kPa), find the relative humidity, humidi
ratio, dew point, and enthalpy for a condition where the dry-bulb temperature is 95°F (35°C) and th
wet-bulb temperature is 60°F (15.5°C). (2)
13.5 For a site at sea level, find the relative humidity, humidity ratio, dew point, and enthalpy for
condition where the dry-bulb temperature is 100°F (38°C) and the wet-bulb temperature is 55°F (1
C). (2)
13.6 At 5000 ft (1500 m) where the atmospheric pressure is 12.2 psia (84 kPa), find the relative humidit
humidity ratio, dew point, and enthalpy for a condition where the dry-bulb temperature is 90°F (3
C) and the wet-bulb temperature is 55°F (13°C). (2)
13.7 Write a computer program or use a spreadsheet to derive an empirical third-order polynomi
equation for the enthalpy of saturated sea-level air as a function of the dry-bulb temperature in th
range 10°F–130°F (–12°C to 55°C). (3)
13.8 Calculate the dew point temperature for a sea-level site where the dry- and wet-bulb temperatur
are 75°F and 55°F (24°C and 13°C), respectively. (2)
13.9 A chilled-water line carries chilled water at 45°F (7°C) through a room at 70°F (21°C) and 60
relative humidity (at sea level). How much fiberglass insulation is needed on the pipe to avo
condensation? (3)
13.10 During very cold weather at a 5000 ft high (1500 m high) mountain site in Colorado, the interio
surface of a single-glazed window can reach 40°F (4°C). If the room is at 68°F (20°C), what is th
maximum relative humidity that can exist in the room without condensations occurring on th
window? (2)
13.11 If the relative humidity at a sea-level site is 50% for a dry-bulb temperature of 80°F (26.5°C
calculate the moist-air enthalpy. (2)
13.12 Use the tables of moist-air properties to find the enthalpy and specific volume for air at 70°F (21°C
if the humidity ratio is 0.008. (1)
13.13 Use the tables of moist-air properties to find the enthalpy and specific volume for air at 125°F (51°C
if the humidity ratio is 0.040. (1)
13.14 A glass of ice water at 40°F (4.5°C) condenses moisture on its exterior outdoors on an 85°F (29°C
day. What is the minimum relative humidity needed for the condensation to occur if the location is
5000 ft (1500 m)? (2)
13.15 Complete the following table using the psychrometric chart or tables and equations for moist-a
properties: (2)
PRINTED BY: Jorge Gonzalez <gonzalez@me.ccny.cuny.edu>. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.
13.16 Solve Problem 13.15 using the online HCB software. (2)

13.17 Calculate and plot the dew point and enthalpy of air at 70°F (21°C) dry-bulb temperature fo
relative humidities of 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%. (3)
13.18 Calculate the humidity ratio, enthalpy, and specific volume for saturated air at 30°F (−1°C) and 80°
(27°C) at sea level. (2)
13.19 Calculate the humidity ratio, enthalpy, and specific volume for saturated air at 40°F (4°C) and 80°
(27°C) at a 5000 ft (1500 m) elevation. (2)
13.20 Complete the following table, using either the psychrometric chart or the online HCB software:
What is the sensible heat ratio for the cooling process AB? (2)
13.22 An automotive air conditioner cools 250 ft3/min (120 L/s) of 95°F (35°C) and 35% relative humidi
sea-level air to saturation at 45°F (7°C). How much moisture must be drained from the evaporato
per hour? If the COP of this air conditioner is 2.2 and the air-conditioning compressor belt drive h
an efficiency of 75%, how much power is extracted from the automobile engine to operate the a
conditioner? (3)
13.23 Describe the steps in the algorithm used to calculate the humidity ratio from measured wet- and dr
bulb temperatures. (2)
13.24 Construct the relative humidity curves on a psychrometric chart for 2500 ft altitude in IP unit
using the graphics routines in a commercial spreadsheet software package. Check your solution b
comparison with Figure 13.6 and the electronic appendices. Optionally, you could add enthalpy an
wet-bulb temperature lines. (4)
13.25 Solve Example 13.4 for a 5000 ft (1500 m) altitude. (3)
13.22 An automotive air conditioner cools 250 ft3/min (120 L/s) of 95°F (35°C) and 35% relative humidi
sea-level air to saturation at 45°F (7°C). How much moisture must be drained from the evaporato
per hour? If the COP of this air conditioner is 2.2 and the air-conditioning compressor belt drive h
an efficiency of 75%, how much power is extracted from the automobile engine to operate the a
conditioner? (3)
13.23 Describe the steps in the algorithm used to calculate the humidity ratio from measured wet- and dr
bulb temperatures. (2)
13.24 Construct the relative humidity curves on a psychrometric chart for 2500 ft altitude in IP unit
using the graphics routines in a commercial spreadsheet software package. Check your solution b
comparison with Figure 13.6 and the electronic appendices. Optionally, you could add enthalpy an
wet-bulb temperature lines. (4)
13.25 Solve Example 13.4 for a 5000 ft (1500 m) altitude. (3)
13.26 Air at 100°F (38°C) and 30% relative humidity is cooled to 70°F (21°C). How much moistu
condenses per pound (kilogram) of air? (2)
13.27 Air at 100°F (38°C) and 30% relative humidity is cooled to 55°F (13°C). How much moistu
condenses per pound (kilogram) of air? (1)
13.28 One hundred ft3/min (47 L/s) of air is to be humidified by saturated steam at 212°F (100°C). Sea-lev
air enters the steam humidifier at 55°F (13°C) dry-bulb and 39°F (4°C) wet-bulb temperatures. Wh
is the steam flow rate if the air is humidified to 80% relative humidity? What is the temperature
the humidified air? (2)
13.29 Air enters a steam humidifier at 50°F (10°C) dry-bulb and 35°F (2°C) wet-bulb temperatures at
flow rate of 1000 ft3/min (470 L/s). The air is humidified by saturated steam at 230°F (110°C). Wh
is the steam flow rate if the air is humidified to 90% relative humidity? What is the temperature
the humidified air? The location of the humidifier is at 5000 ft (1500 m) altitude. (2)
13.30 Suppose that an HVAC design engineer used the sea-level psychrometric chart instead of the 5000
chart to solve Problem 13.29. What would the error in the steam flow rate be? (3)
13.31 On a winter day, outdoor air at 10°F (−12°C) and 70% relative humidity is heated to 70°F (21°C)
a residence. If the occupants require that the indoor humidity be 60% for comfort reasons, ho
much moisture per unit of dry air must be added to the outdoor air if the atmospheric pressure
14.696 psia (101.325 kPa)? (2)
13.32 Air at 34°F dry-bulb temperature and 33°F wet-bulb temperature must be heated to 68°F, th
interior temperature of a residence at sea level. The airflow rate is 800 ft3/min. What is the heat rate
How much of it is due to the presence of moisture? (2)
13.33 Humidity is added to the outdoor air in Problem 13.31 by evaporating water sprayed into the ai
stream. How much energy must be added to the air to increase the humidity level to the require
60%? (2)
13.34 Moist air at 70°F (21°C) dry-bulb temperature and 45°F (7°C) wet-bulb temperature is humidified
13.35 Outdoor air at 40°F (4.5°C) and 60% humidity is heated and humidified by steam at 230°F (110°C
The airflow rate is 30,000 ft3/min (14,000 L/s), and heat is added to the air at the rate of 1,500,00
Btu/h (440 kW) while it absorbs 800 lbm/h (0.10 kg/s) of steam. What are the dry- and wet-bu
temperatures at the exit of this heater/humidifier if it is located at sea level? (3)
FIGURE P.13.36
13.36 Figure P.13.36 shows the typical arrangement for mixing two airstreams at the air handler of
commercial building HVAC system at sea level. Outdoor air at 35°C dry-bulb temperature and 25°
wet-bulb temperature mixes with 25°C and 50% relative humidity return indoor air from th
building in the mass flow ratio of 1:5. What are the enthalpy, relative humidity, humidity ratio, an
dry-bulb temperature of the mixed air? If the fan flow rate is 12 kg/s, how much energy and moistu
must be removed from the mixed air-stream to provide 25°C, 50% relative humidity supply air to th
building? (3)
13.37 Cold air at 10°C dry-bulb temperature and 5°C wet-bulb temperature is mixed with warm, moist a
at 25°C dry-bulb temperature and 20°C wet-bulb temperature in a ratio of 1:2, respectively. Use th
sea-level psychrometric chart to find the mixed-air condition: dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperature
relative humidity, humidity ratio, and specific volume. (2)
13.38 Repeat Example 13.14, using moist-air property tables instead of the psychrometric chart. (3)
13.39 An evaporative cooler is able to cool air by 85% of the difference between the entering air dry- an
wet-bulb temperatures. If inlet air is at 100°F (38°C) and 25% relative humidity, what is the outl
condition (Tdb, ϕ, and W)? How much water is evaporated if the airflow is 10,000 ft3/min (4,700 L/s)
3,000 ft (1,000 m) elevation (patm = 13.2 psia [91 kPa])? (3)
13.40 Repeat Example 13.12, using the moist-air property tables and psychrometric equations rather tha
the psychrometric chart. How close is the agreement between the two? (3)
13.41 Because the 2000 ft3/min (950 L/s) exhaust fan in a chemistry laboratory has no on/off switch,
must be removed from the mixed air-stream to provide 25°C, 50% relative humidity supply air to th
building? (3)
13.37 Cold air at 10°C dry-bulb temperature and 5°C wet-bulb temperature is mixed with warm, moist a
at 25°C dry-bulb temperature and 20°C wet-bulb temperature in a ratio of 1:2, respectively. Use th
sea-level psychrometric chart to find the mixed-air condition: dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperature
relative humidity, humidity ratio, and specific volume. (2)
13.38 Repeat Example 13.14, using moist-air property tables instead of the psychrometric chart. (3)
13.39 An evaporative cooler is able to cool air by 85% of the difference between the entering air dry- an
wet-bulb temperatures. If inlet air is at 100°F (38°C) and 25% relative humidity, what is the outl
condition (Tdb, ϕ, and W)? How much water is evaporated if the airflow is 10,000 ft3/min (4,700 L/s)
3,000 ft (1,000 m) elevation (patm = 13.2 psia [91 kPa])? (3)
13.40 Repeat Example 13.12, using the moist-air property tables and psychrometric equations rather tha
the psychrometric chart. How close is the agreement between the two? (3)
13.41 Because the 2000 ft3/min (950 L/s) exhaust fan in a chemistry laboratory has no on/off switch,
operates continuously. How much energy is wasted because this fan operates needlessly for 14 h/da
for the 150-day cooling season if the interior air condition is 70°F and 50% relative humidity? O
average, the outdoor condition at this sea-level site is 80°F (26°C) and 50% relative humidity. The a
conditioner’s COP is 2.4. If electric power costs 8¢/kWh, what is the value of this wasted energy? (3)
13.42 At a site at 5000 ft (1500 m), air is cooled from 80°F (27°C) dry-bulb temperature and 75°F (24°C
wet-bulb temperature to saturation at the 55°F (13°C) outlet of a cooling coil. How much water
removed? How much latent heat is removed, and how much sensible heat? What is the SHR? (3)
13.43 At a sea-level site, air is cooled from 80°F (27°C) dry-bulb temperature and 75°F (24°C) wet-bu
temperature to saturation at the 55°F (13°C) outlet of a cooling coil. How much water is removed
How much latent heat is removed, and how much sensible heat? What is the SHR? (3)
13.44 An office is occupied by 30 persons who each produce 200 Btu/h (58 W) of sensible heat and 0.25 lb
(0.1 kg/h) of moisture. The office is to be maintained at 72°F (22°C) and 50% relative humidit
Conditioned air is supplied at 60°F (15°C) to meet the sensible and latent loads. What is the SHR? T
meet the loads, what must the humidity ratio and mass flow rate of the supply air be? The office
located at sea level. (3)
13.45 A high-school classroom is occupied by 20 students who each produce 180 Btu/h (53 W) of sensib
heat and 0.20 lb/h (0.09 kg/h) of moisture. The class is to be maintained at 68°F (20°C) and 55
relative humidity. Conditioned air is supplied at 60°F (15°C) to meet the sensible and latent load
What is the SHR? To meet the loads, what must the humidity ratio and mass flow rate of the supp
air be? The office is located at 5000 ft (1500 m) altitude. (3)
13.46 Find the cooling coil load for the following entering and required leaving air conditions for a
airflow of 10,000 ft3/min (4,700 L/s) at sea level: (3)
13.47 Complete the following table of cooling coil performance that compares the loads at various co
13.48 What is the inlet humidity ratio to an ideal evaporative cooler (i.e., one that cools inlet air to the inl
air wet-bulb temperature) that produces saturated outlet air at 63°F (17°C) from 85°F (29°C) dr
bulb temperature inlet air? The cooler is at sea level. (1)
13.49 Work Problem 13.48 for a site where the atmospheric pressure is 12.8 psia (88 kPa). (1)
13.50 An adiabatic saturator operating at sea level with entering air of 80°F (26°C) has a leaving a
temperature of 65°F (18°C). Compute the entering-air humidity ratio and relative humidity. (2)
13.51 Two airstreams, both at 5000 cfm, are well mixed inside an air-handling unit. One airstream is at 8
F and 80% relative humidity, and the other is at 50°F and 80% relative humidity. What are th
resulting mixed airstream temperature and relative humidity? (1)
13.52 Which sample of moist air has the higher density: 50°F at 10% relative humidity or 50°F at 90
relative humidity? (1)
13.54 An economizer mode attempts to mix outside air and building return air to minimize the amount
energy needed to condition the resulting mixed airstream to match the desired supply air condition
Suppose the conditions are outside air at 90°F and 40% relative humidity, the return air at 80°F an
70% relative humidity, and the supply air set point of 55°F at 80% relative humidity. Should th
economizer control use mostly outside air or mostly building return air? (2)
13.55 A very large building contains approximately 1 million ft3 of air at 70°F and 60% relative humidit
Assuming a ventilation rate of 0.5 air change per hour and ambient air design conditions of 92°F dr
bulb and 76°F wet-bulb temperature,
13.50 An adiabatic saturator operating at sea level with entering air of 80°F (26°C) has a leaving a
temperature of 65°F (18°C). Compute the entering-air humidity ratio and relative humidity. (2)
13.51 Two airstreams, both at 5000 cfm, are well mixed inside an air-handling unit. One airstream is at 8
F and 80% relative humidity, and the other is at 50°F and 80% relative humidity. What are th
resulting mixed airstream temperature and relative humidity? (1)
13.54 An economizer mode attempts to mix outside air and building return air to minimize the amount
energy needed to condition the resulting mixed airstream to match the desired supply air condition
Suppose the conditions are outside air at 90°F and 40% relative humidity, the return air at 80°F an
70% relative humidity, and the supply air set point of 55°F at 80% relative humidity. Should th
economizer control use mostly outside air or mostly building return air? (2)
13.55 A very large building contains approximately 1 million ft3 of air at 70°F and 60% relative humidit
Assuming a ventilation rate of 0.5 air change per hour and ambient air design conditions of 92°F dr
bulb and 76°F wet-bulb temperature, how much water is removed each hour from the outdoor a
entering the building? (2)
13.56 You exhale air at about 80°F and 50% relative humidity. What outdoor air conditions must be m
before you start to see your breath? (1)
13.57 Air leaves a cooling coil at 55°F and a humidity ratio of 0.008 lb water/lb air. Does this supply a
meet the requirement of a minimum of 85% relative humidity? This air then passes through a fa
that heats up the airstream by 2°F before being supplied to the building. Is the 85% relative humidi
requirement met? (2)
13.58 Air at 90°F and 50% relative humidity is cooled to 70°F. How much moisture condenses out of th
air? (1)
13.59 Air at 90°F and 50% relative humidity is cooled to 60°F. How much moisture condenses out of th
air? (1)
13.60 Data from a coastal weather station record a daytime high temperature of 90°F and a relativ
humidity of 37%. At night, the temperature drops to 60°F and the relative humidity reaches 100%
How much has the humidity ratio varied throughout the day? (1)
13.61 Most relative humidity sensors have an accuracy of about ±3%. If an airstream is measured to hav
a temperature of 55°F and a relative humidity of 90%, assuming the stated error of the humidi
sensor, what is the possible range of air enthalpy for this airstream? (2)
13.62 A cooling coil at sea level removes 100,000 Btu/h from an airstream. The airflows into the coil
10,000 cfm. What is the leaving air temperature from the coil if the entering air is at 80°F and 50
13.63 In Problem 13.62, what is the leaving air temperature if the coil is located in Leadville, Colorado,
10,000 ft above sea level? (2)
References
ASHRAE Fundamentals (1989, 2013). Handbook of Fundamentals. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioni
Engineers, Atlanta, GA.
Keenan, J.H., F.G. Keyes, P.G. Hill, and J.G. Moore (1978). Steam Tables. Wiley, New York.
Kuehn, T.H., J.L. Threlkeld, and J.W. Ramsey (1998). Thermal Environmental Engineering, 3rd ed. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Mathur, G.D. (1989). Predicting wet vapor saturation pressure. Heat. Piping Air Cond., 61, 103–104.
Notes
* A perfect gas is an ideal gas whose specific heat can be assumed constant at different temperatures (see Section 2.2.3).
* Although the relative humidity is strictly defined as a ratio of mass fractions, the ideal gas assumption enables us to express the relati
humidity more conveniently for working purposes as the ratio of pressures.
* Mathur (1989) reports the accuracy of the ASHRAE equation to be 1.2%–1.5% between 50°F and 150°F (35°C and 90°C).
* The psychrometrics section of the HCB software can be used to solve nearly all the examples in this chapter along with many of the end-
chapter problems.
* Close inspection of the psychrometric charts shows that the coordinates are not quite orthogonal. The dry-bulb lines are nearly vertical b
slope slightly to the left.
* In the problems, the term sea level means that the atmospheric pressure is 14.696 psia (101.325 kPa). The effect of altitude on density can
found from Equation 13.1 or from the appropriate table in the online HCB software.

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Chapter13 Problems

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13.16 Solve Problem 13.15 using the online HCB software. (2)

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