SUMMARY OF STRUCTURAL CALCULATION OF 1-BARREL BOX CULVERT

1 Design Dimensions and Bar Arrangements Class III Road (BM50)

Type of box culvert B1.0 x H1.5

Clear width m 1.00

Clear height m 1.50
Height of fillet m 0.15

Thickness Side wall cm 25.0

Top slab cm 25.0
Bottom slab cm 25.0

Cover of reinforcement bar (between concrete surface and center of reinforcement bar)
Side wall Outside cm 6.0
Inside cm 6.0
Top slab Upper cm 6.0
Lower cm 6.0
Bottom slab Lower cm 6.0
Upper cm 6.0

Bar arrangement (dia - spacing per unit length of 1.0 m)

Side wall Lower outside Tensile bar mm 16@250

Distribution bar mm 12@250
Middle inside Tensile bar mm 12@250
Distribution bar mm 12@250
Upper outside Tensile bar mm 16@250
Distribution bar mm 12@250

Top slab Upper edge Tensile bar mm 16@250

Distribution bar mm 12@250
Lower middle Tensile bar mm 16@250
Distribution bar mm 12@250

Bottom slab Lower edge Tensile bar mm 16@250

Distribution bar mm 12@250
Upper middle Tensile bar mm 12@125
Distribution bar mm 12@250

Fillet Upper edge Fillet bar mm 12@250

Lower edge Fillet bar mm 12@250

2 Design Parameters

Unit Weight Reinforced Concrete c= 2.4 tf/m3

3
Backfill soil (wet) s = 1.8 tf/m
3
(submerged) s'= 1.0 tf/m

Live Load Class of road Class III (BM50)

Truck load at rear wheel P= 5.0 tf
Impact coefficient (for Class I to IV road) Ci= 0.3 (D<4.0m)
0.0 (D>4.0m)
Pedestrian load (for Class V roads) 0 tf/m2

Concrete Design Strength ck= 300 kgf/cm2

(K300) Allowable Compressive Stress ca= 100 kgf/cm2
Allowable Shearing Stress a= 10 kgf/cm2

Reinforcement Bar Allowable Tensile Stress sa= 2,400 kgf/cm2

(U24, deformed bar) Yielding Point of Reinforcement Bar sy= 5,000 kgf/cm2

Young's Modulus Ratio n= 8

Coefficient of static earth pressure Ka= 0.5

1/1 SingleBoxCulvert/01Summary
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION OF BOX CULVERT Type: B1.00m x H1.50m Class III Road
Soil Cover Depth: 3.0 m
1 Dimensions and Parameters
Basic Parameters asumsi
Ka: Coefficient of static earth pressure 0.5
w: Unit weight of water (t/m3) 1.00 t/m3
d: Unit weight of soil (dry) (t/m3) 1.80 t/m3
Gwd
s: Unit weight of soil (saturated) (t/m3) 2.00 t/m3
D
c: Unit weight of reinforced concrete (t/m3) 2.40 t/m3
ck: Concrete Design Strength 300 kgf/m2
ca Allowable Stress of Concrete 100 kgf/m2
t2
sa: Allowable Stress of Reinforcement Bar 2400 kgf/m2 400
a: Allowable Stress of Shearing (Concrete) 10 kgf/m2
sy: Yielding Point of Reinforcement Bar 5000 kgf/m2
n: Young's Modulus Ratio 8
H
Hf Fa: Safety factor against uplift 1.2
HT
Basic Dimensions
Hf
H: Internal Height of Box Culvert 3 1.50 m
t3 B: Internal Width of Box Culvert 4 1.00 m
t1 t1 Hf: Fillet Height 0.15 m
B t1: Thickness of Side Wall 5 0.25 m (> 0.25m)
t2: Thickness of Top Slab 6 0.25 m (> 0.25m)
BT t3: Thickness of Invert (Bottom Slab) 7 0.25 m (> 0.25m)
BT: Gross Width of Box Culvert 1.50 m
HT: Gross Height of Box Culvert 2.00 m
D: Covering Depth 8 3.00 m
Gwd: Underground Water Depth for Case 1, 2 3.00 m (= D)
hiw: Internal Water Depth for Case 1, 2 0.00 m
for Case 3, 4 1.50 m

Cover of R-bar Basic Conditions

Top Slab d2 0.06 m Classification of Live load by truck Class 3
Side Wall d1 0.06 m PTM: Truck load of Middle Tire 5.00 t
Bottom Slab d3 0.06 m Ii: Impact coefficient (D≧4.0m:0, D<4.0m:0.3) 0.3
am: Ground contact length of Middle Tire 0.10 m
bm: Ground contact width of Middle Tire 0.25 m
PTR: Truck load of Rear Tire 5.00 t
ar: Ground contact length of Rear Tire 0.10 m
br: Ground contact width of Rear Tire 0.25 m
PTF: Truck load of Front wheel 1.25 t
af: Ground contact length of Front Tire 0.10 m
bf: Ground contact width of Front Tire 0.25 m
qp: Pedestrian load 0.00 t/m2

Dimension of frame

t1 B t1
H0: Height of frame t2/2 + H + t3/2 1.750 m
D1 B0: Width of frame B + t1 1.250 m
t2 D1: Covering depth at middle of top slab D + t2/2 3.125 m

H H0

t3

B0

1/ 6 (1)SingleBoxCulvert, 02Load
 Load distribution of truck tire

(1) Middle tire's acting point: center of the top slab

a) distributed load of middle tire
Pvtm: distributed load of middle tire 2PTM(1+Ii)/(am'bm') = 0.2664 tf/m2, B= 1.250 m
am': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bm = 8.000 m
bm': width of distributed load 2D+am = 6.100 m
b) distributed load of rear tire
Pvtr: distributed load of rear tire not reach to top slab 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000 m
ar': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+br = 8.000 m
br': width of distributed load 2D+ar = 6.100 m
c) distributed load of front tire
Pvtf: distributed load of front tire not reach to top slab 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000 m
af': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bf = 8.000 m
bf': width of distributed load 2D+af = 6.100 m

(2) Middle tire's acting point: on the side wall

a) distributed load of middle tire
Pvtm: distributed load of middle tire 2PTM(1+Ii)/(am'bm') = 0.2664 tf/m2, B= 1.250 m
am': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bm = 8.000 m
bm': width of distributed load 2D+am = 6.100 m
b) distributed load of rear tire
Pvtr: distributed load of rear tire not reach to top slab 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000 m
ar': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+br = 8.000 m
br': width of distributed load 2D+ar = 6.100 m
c) distributed load of front tire
Pvtf: distributed load of front tire 2PTF(1+Ii)/(af'bf') 0.0666 tf/m2, B= 1.250 m
af': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bf = 8.000 m
bf': width of distributed load 2D+af = 6.100 m

(3) Rear tire's acting point: on the side wall

a) distributed load of rear tire
Pvtr: distributed load of rear tire 2PTR(1+Ii)/(ar'br') = 0.2664 tf/m2, B= 1.250 m
ar': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+br = 8.000 m
br': width of distributed load 2D+ar = 6.100 m
b) distributed load of middle tire
Pvtm: distributed load of middle tire not reach to top slab 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000 m
am': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bm = 8.000 m
bm': width of distributed load 2D+am = 6.100 m
c) distributed load of front tire
Pvtf: distributed load of front tire not reach to top slab 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000 m
af': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bf = 8.000 m
bf': width of distributed load 2D+af = 6.100 m

(4) Combination of load distribution of track tire

Case.L1: Pvt1 = 0.2664 tf/m2, B= 1.250 m Combination for Case.L2 (2) (2) (3) (3)
Pvt2 = 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000 m a) + b) a) + c) a) + b) a) + c)
Case.L2: Pvt1 = 0.3330 tf/m2, B= 1.250 m Distributed load total 0.2664 0.3330 0.2664 0.2664
Pvt2 = 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000 m Select the combination case of 0.3330 tf/m2,
for Case.L2, which is the largest load to the top slab.

In case of covering depth (D) is over 3.0m, uniform load of 1.0 tf/m2 is applied on the top slab of culvert instead of live load calculated above.

Distribution load by pedestrian load

Pvt1 = 0.000 tf/m2

2 Stability Analysis Against Uplift

Analysis is made considering empty inside of box culvert.
Fs=Vd/U > Fa Fs= 3.9360 > 1.2 ok
where, Vd: Total dead weight (t/m) Vd= 11.808 tf/m
U: Total uplift (t.m)
U=BT*HT*w U= 3.000 tf/m

Ws: Weight of covering soil Ws = BT*{(D-Gwd)*(sw)+Gwd*d} = 8.100 tf/m

Wc: Self weight of box culvert Wc = (HT*BT-H*B+2*Hf^2)*c = 3.708 tf/m
Fa: Safety factor against uplift Fa= 1.2

2/ 6 (1)SingleBoxCulvert, 02Load
3 Load calculation
Case 1: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L1
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0 Wtop= 0.7632
Pvd=Gwd*gd+(D-Gwd)*gs Pvd= 5.4000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 0.2664
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Pv1= 6.4296

2) horizontal load at top of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2) Horizontal pressure by track tire
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.1332 we1= 0.2664 tf/m2
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0000 we2= 0.0000 tf/m2
P3=Ka*gd*Gwd P3= 2.7000
P4=Ka*gs*(D1-Gwd) P4= 0.1250
P5=gw*(D1-Gwd) P5= 0.1250
Ph1= 3.0832

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2)
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.1332
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0000
P3=Ka*d*Gwd P3= 2.7000
P4=Ka*s*(D1+H0-Gwd) P4= 1.8750
P5=w*(D1+H0-Gwd) P5= 1.8750
Ph2= 6.5832

4) self weight of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m)
Wsw=t1*H*c Wsw= 0.9000

5) ground reaction
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0 Wbot= 0.7632
Wtop Wtop= 0.7632
Ws=Wsw*2/B0 Ws= 1.4400
Pvd Pvd= 5.4000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 0.2664
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*w/B0 Wiw= 0.0000 hiw: internal water depth 0.00 m
Up=-U/B0 U= -2.4000
Q= 6.2328

summary of resistance moment

Item V H x y M
(tf/m) (tf/m) (m) (m) (tf.m/m) acting point of resultant force
Self weight top slab 0.9540 - 0.6250 - 0.5963 X = M/V = 0.625 m
side wall (left) 0.9000 - 0.0000 - 0.0000 e = B0/2 - X = 0.000 m
side wall (right) 0.9000 - 1.2500 - 1.1250
invert 0.9540 - 0.6250 - 0.5963 ground reaction
load on top slab Pvd 6.7500 - 0.6250 - 4.2188 q1 = V/Bo + 6Ve/Bo^2 = 6.2328 tf/m2
Pvt1 0.3330 - 0.6250 - 0.2081 q2 = V/Bo - 6Ve/Bo^2 = 6.2328 tf/m2
Pvt2 0.0000 - 0.6250 - 0.0000
soil pressure side wall (left) - 8.4581 - 0.7694 6.5076
side wall (right) - -8.4581 - 0.7694 -6.5076
internal water 0.0000 - 0.6250 - 0.0000
uplift -3.0000 - 0.6250 - -1.8750
total 7.7910 4.8694

6) load against invert

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Pvd 5.4000
Pvt1 0.2664
Pvt2 0.0000
Wtop 0.7632
Ws 1.4400
Pq= 7.8696

3/ 6 (1)SingleBoxCulvert, 02Load
Case 2: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L2
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0 Wtop= 0.7632
Pvd=Gwd*gd+(D-Gwd)*gs Pvd= 5.4000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 0.3330
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Pv1= 6.4962

2) horizontal load at top of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2) Horizontal pressure by track tire
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.1332 we1= 0.2664 tf/m2
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0333 we2= 0.0666 tf/m2
P3=Ka*gd*Gwd P3= 2.7000
P4=Ka*gs*(D1-Gwd) P4= 0.1250
P5=gw*(D1-Gwd) P5= 0.1250
Ph1= 3.1165

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2)
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.1332
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0333
P3=Ka*d*Gwd P3= 2.7000
P4=Ka*s*(D1+H0-Gwd) P4= 1.8750
P5=w*(D1+H0-Gwd) P5= 1.8750
Ph2= 6.6165

4) self weight of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m)
Wsw=t1*H*c Wsw= 0.9000

5) ground reaction
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0 Wbot= 0.7632
Wtop Wtop= 0.7632
Ws=Wsw*2/B0 Ws= 1.4400
Pvd Pvd= 5.4000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 0.3330
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*w/B0 Wiw= 0.0000 hiw: internal water depth 0.00 m
Up=-U/B0 U= -2.4000
Q= 6.2994

summary of resistance moment

Item V H x y M
(tf/m) (tf/m) (m) (m) (tf.m/m) acting point of resultant force
Self weight top slab 0.9540 - 0.6250 - 0.5963 X = M/V = 0.6250 m
side wall (left) 0.9000 - 0.0000 - 0.0000 e = B0/2 - X = 0.0000 m
side wall (right) 0.9000 - 1.2500 - 1.1250
invert 0.9540 - 0.6250 - 0.5963 ground reaction
load on top slab Pvd 6.7500 - 0.6250 - 4.2188 q1 = V/Bo + 6Ve/Bo^2 = 6.2994 tf/m2
Pvt1 0.4162 - 0.6250 - 0.2601 q2 = V/Bo - 6Ve/Bo^2 = 6.2994 tf/m2
Pvt2 0.0000 - 0.6250 - 0.0000
soil pressure side wall (left) - 8.5164 - 0.7701 6.5586
side wall (right) - -8.5164 - 0.7701 -6.5586
internal water 0.0000 - 0.6250 - 0.0000
uplift -3.0000 - 0.6250 - -1.8750
total 7.8742 4.9214

6) load against invert

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Pvd 5.4000
Pvt1 0.3330
Pvt2 0.0000
Wtop 0.7632
Ws 1.4400
total Pq= 7.9362

4/ 6 (1)SingleBoxCulvert, 02Load
Case 3: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L1
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0 Wtop= 0.7632
Pvd=D*d Pvd= 5.4000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 0.2664
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Pv1= 6.4296

2) horizontal load at top of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2) Horizontal pressure by track tire
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.1332 we1= 0.2664 tf/m2
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0000 we2= 0.0000 tf/m2
P3=Ka*d*D1 P3= 2.8125
WP=-w*0 P4= 0.0000
Ph1= 2.9457

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2)
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.1332
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0000
P3=Ka*d*(D1+H0) P3= 4.3875
WP=-w*H P4= -1.5000
Ph2= 3.0207

4) self weight of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m)
Wsw=t1*H*c Wsw= 0.9000

5) ground reaction
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0 Wbot= 0.7632
Wtop Wtop= 0.7632
Ws=Wsw*2/B0 Ws= 1.4400
Pvd Pvd= 5.4000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 0.2664
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*w/B0 Wiw= 1.1640 hiw: internal water depth 1.500 m
Up=0 U= 0.0000
Q= 9.7968

summary of resistance moment

Item V H x y M
(tf/m) (tf/m) (m) (m) (tf.m/m) acting point of resultant force
Self weight top slab 0.9540 - 0.6250 - 0.5963 X = M/V = 0.6250 m
side wall (left) 0.9000 - 0.0000 - 0.0000 e = B0/2 - X = 0.0000 m
side wall (right) 0.9000 - 1.2500 - 1.1250
invert 0.9540 - 0.6250 - 0.5963 ground reaction
load on top slab Pvd 6.7500 - 0.6250 - 4.2188 q1 = V/Bo + 6Ve/Bo^2 = 9.7968 tf/m2
Pvt1 0.3330 - 0.6250 - 0.2081 q2 = V/Bo - 6Ve/Bo^2 = 9.7968 tf/m2
Pvt2 0.0000 - 0.6250 - 0.0000
soil pressure side wall (left) - 5.2206 - 0.8713 4.5489
side wall (right) - -5.2206 - 0.8713 -4.5489
internal water 1.4550 - 0.6250 - 0.9094
uplift 0.0000 - 0.6250 - 0.0000
total 12.2460 7.6537

6) load against invert

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Pvd 5.4000
Pvt1 0.2664
Pvt2 0.0000
Wtop 0.7632
Ws 1.4400
total Pq= 7.8696

5/ 6 (1)SingleBoxCulvert, 02Load
Case 4: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L2
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0 Wtop= 0.7632
Pvd=D*d Pvd= 5.4000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 0.3330
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Pv1= 6.4962

2) horizontal load at top of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2) Horizontal pressure by track tire
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.1332 we1= 0.2664 tf/m2
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0333 we2= 0.0666 tf/m2
P3=Ka*d*D1 P3= 2.8125
WP=-w*0 P4= 0.0000
Ph1= 2.9790

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2)
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.1332
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0333
P3=Ka*d*(D1+H0) P3= 4.3875
WP=-w*H P4= -1.5000
Ph2= 3.0540

4) self weight of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m)
Wsw=t1*H*c Wsw= 0.9000

5) ground reaction
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0 Wbot= 0.7632
Wtop Wtop= 0.7632
Ws=Wsw*2/B0 Ws= 1.4400
Pvd Pvd= 5.4000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 0.3330
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*w/B0 Wiw= 1.1640 hiw: internal water depth 1.500 m
Up=0 U= 0.0000
Q= 9.8634

summary of resistance moment

Item V H x y M
(tf/m) (tf/m) (m) (m) (tf.m/m) acting point of resultant force
Self weight top slab 0.9540 - 0.6250 - 0.5963 X = M/V = 0.6250 m
side wall (left) 0.9000 - 0.0000 - 0.0000 e = B0/2 - X = 0.0000 m
side wall (right) 0.9000 - 1.2500 - 1.1250
invert 0.9540 - 0.6250 - 0.5963 ground reaction
load on top slab Pvd 6.7500 - 0.6250 - 4.2188 q1 = V/Bo + 6Ve/Bo^2 = 9.8634 tf/m2
Pvt1 0.4162 - 0.6250 - 0.2601 q2 = V/Bo - 6Ve/Bo^2 = 9.8634 tf/m2
Pvt2 0.0000 - 0.6250 - 0.0000
soil pressure side wall (left) - 5.2789 - 0.8714 4.5999
side wall (right) - -5.2789 - 0.8714 -4.5999
internal water 1.4550 - 0.6250 - 0.9094
uplift 0.0000 - 0.6250 - 0.0000
total 12.3292 7.7058

6) load against invert

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Pvd 5.4000
Pvt1 0.3330
Pvt2 0.0000
Wtop 0.7632
Ws 1.4400
total Pq= 7.9362

Summary of Load Calculation

Item Pv1 Ph1 Ph2 Pq Wsw q1
Case (tf/m2) (tf/m2) (tf/m2) (tf/m2) (tf/m) (tf/m2)
Case.1 6.4296 3.0832 6.5832 7.8696 0.9000 6.2328
Case.2 6.4962 3.1165 6.6165 7.9362 0.9000 6.2994
Case.3 6.4296 2.9457 3.0207 7.8696 0.9000 9.7968
Case.4 6.4962 2.9790 3.0540 7.9362 0.9000 9.8634

6/ 6 (1)SingleBoxCulvert, 02Load
4 Analysis of Plane Frame
Case 1: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L1

1) Calculation of Load Term

Ph1 Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall 3.083 tf/m2
Ph2 Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall 6.583 tf/m2
Pv1 Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab 6.430 tf/m2
Pv2 Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab 0.000 tf/m2
Pq Reaction to bottom slab 7.870 tf/m2
a Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2 1.250 m B (t2) C
b Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2 0.000 m
H0 Height of plane frame 1.750 m
H0 (t1) (t1)
B0 Width of plane frame 1.250 m
t1 Thickness of side wall 0.250 m
t2 Thickness of top slab 0.250 m A (t3) D
t3 Thickness of invert (bottom slab) 0.250 m
B0

CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60 = 1.32279 tf･m

CBA = CCD = (3Ph1+2Ph2)H02/60 = 1.14415 tf･m
2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 2
CBC = CCB = Pv1B0 /12 + {(a -b )B0 /2 - 2B0(a -b )/3 + (a -b )/4}Pv2/B0 = 0.83719 tf･m
2
CDA = CAD = PqB0 /12 = 1.02469 tf･m

2) Calculation of Bending Moment at joint

k1 = 1.0
k2 = H0t23/(B0t13) = 1.4000
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) = 1.4000

2(k1+k3) k1 0 k3 -3k1 A CAB - CAD

k1 2(k1+k2) k2 0 -3k1 B CBC - CBA
0 k2 2(k1+k2) k1 -3k1 C = CCD - CCB
k3 0 k1 2(k1+k3) -3k1 D CDA - CDC
k1 k1 k1 k1 -4k1 R 0

As load has bilateral symmetry, the equation shown below is formed.

A = -D B = -C R =0

2k1+k3 k1 A CAB - CAD

=
k1 2k1+k2 B CBC - CBA

3.4000 1.0 A 0.29810835

=
1.0 3.4000 B -0.30696252

By solving above equation, the result is led as shown below.

A = 0.12505 C = 0.12706
B = -0.12706 D = -0.12505

1/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
 MAB = k1(2A +B) - CAB
MBA = k1(2B+A)+CBA
MBC = k2(2B+C) - CBC
MCB = k2(2C+B)+CCB
MCD = k1(2C+D) - CCD
MDC =k1 (2D+ C)+CDC
MDA = k3(2D+A) - CDA
MAD = k3(2A+D)+CAD
= -1.1998 tf･m
= 1.0151 tf･m
= -1.0151 tf･m
= 1.0151 tf･m
= -1.0151 tf･m
= 1.1998 tf･m
= -1.1998 tf･m
= 1.1998 tf･m

2) Calculation of Design Force

2-1) Side Wall in left
a) Shearing Force at joint MBA
w2
w1 Load at end A 6.583 tf/m2
w2 Load at end B 3.083 tf/m2 B
MAB Bending moment at end A -1.1998 tf･m
MBA Bending moment at end B 1.0151 tf･m
L
L Length of member (=H0) 1.750 m x
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m
d Effective height of member 0.190 m A
w1
SAB = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MAB+MBA)/L MAB
= 4.845 tf
SBA = SAB - L(w1+w2)/2 = -3.613 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m

Sx1 = 2.488 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.370 m
Sx2 = -2.297 tf

c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB = -1.200 tf･m
MB = -MBA = -1.015 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 4.8450 -6.5832 x + 1.0000 x2 , x = 5.739
0.844
Bending moment at x = 0.8442 m is;
Mmax = SABx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MAB = 0.745 tf・m

2/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
2-2) Top Slab
a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Uniform load 6.430 tf/m2

a
w2 Uniform load 0.000 tf/m2 b
a Distance from end B to near end of w 0.000 m
b Length of uniform load w2 1.250 m
MBC Bending moment at end B -1.0151 tf･m w2
MCB Bending moment at end C 1.0151 tf･m
L Length of member (=Bo) 1.250 m w1
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m B C
d Effective height of member 0.190 m
MBC x MCB
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L = 4.018 tf L
SCB = SBC -w1L - w2b = -4.018 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.

Sx = SBC - w1x - w2(x-a) in case of 0.000 m <= x <= 1.250 m

(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m

Sx1 = 1.575 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 0.870 m
Sx2 = -1.575 tf

c) Bending Moment
MB = MBC = -1.015 tf･m
MC = -MCB = -1.015 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 0.625 m is;
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC = 0.241 tf・m

2-3) Side Wall in right

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Load at end C 3.083 tf/m2 MCD

w2 Load at end D 6.583 tf/m2
w1
MCD Bending moment at end C -1.0151 tf･m C
MDC Bending moment at end D 1.1998 tf･m L x
L Length of member (=H0) 1.750 m
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m D w2
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m
d Effective height of member 0.190 m MDC

SCD = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MCD+MDC)/L

= 3.613 tf
SDC = SCD - L(w1+w2)/2 = -4.845 tf

3/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
 b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint
Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m

Sx1 = 2.297 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.370 m
Sx2 = -2.488 tf

c) Bending Moment
MC = MCD = -1.015 tf･m
MD = -MDC = -1.200 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 3.6131 -3.0832 x -1.0000 x2 , x = -3.989
0.906
Bending moment at x = 0.9058 m is;
Mmax = SCDx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MCD = 0.74510 tf・m

2-4) Bottom Slab

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Reaction at end D 7.870 tf/m2

w2 Reaction at end A 7.870 tf/m2 L
MDA Bending moment at end B -1.19976 tf･m MAD x MDA
MAD Bending moment at end C 1.19976 tf･m
L Length of member (=B0) 1.250 m A D
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m
d Effective height of member 0.190 m w2 w1

SDA = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MDA+MAD)/L

= 4.918 tf
SAD = SDA - L(w1+w2)/2 = -4.918 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SDA- w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m
Sx1 = 1.928 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 0.870 m
Sx2 = -1.928 tf

c) Bending Moment
MD = MDA = -1.200 tf･m
MA = -MAD = -1.200 tf･m
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 4.9185 -7.8696 x , x = 0.625

Bending moment at x = 0.6250 m is;

Mmax = SDAx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MDA = 0.337 tf・m

4/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
Case 2: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L2

1) Calculation of Load Term

Ph1 Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall 3.116 tf/m2
Ph2 Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall 6.616 tf/m2
Pv1 Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab 6.496 tf/m2
Pv2 Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab 0.000 tf/m2
Pq Reaction to bottom slab 7.936 tf/m2
a Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2 1.250 m B (t2) C
b Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2 0.000 m
H0 Height of plane frame 1.750 m
H0 (t1) (t1)
B0 Width of plane frame 1.250 m
t1 Thickness of side wall 0.250 m
t2 Thickness of top slab 0.250 m A (t3) D
t3 Thickness of invert (bottom slab) 0.250 m
B0

CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60 = 1.33129 tf･m

2
CBA = CCD = (3Ph1+2Ph2)H0 /60 = 1.15265 tf･m
CBC = CCB = Pv1B02/12 + {(a2-b2)B02/2 - 2B0(a3-b3)/3 + (a4-b4)/4}Pv2/B02 = 0.84586 tf･m
2
CDA = CAD = PqB0 /12 = 1.03336 tf･m

2) Calculation of Bending Moment at joint

k1 = 1.0
k2 = H0t23/(B0t13) = 1.40000
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) = 1.40000

2(k1+k3) k1 0 k3 -3k1 A CAB - CAD

k1 2(k1+k2) k2 0 -3k1 B CBC - CBA
0 k2 2(k1+k2) k1 -3k1 C = CCD - CCB
k3 0 k1 2(k1+k3) -3k1 D CDA - CDC
k1 k1 k1 k1 -4k1 R 0

As load has bilateral symmetry, the equation shown below is formed.

A = -D B = -C R =0

2k1+k3 k1 A CAB - CAD

=
k1 2k1+k2 B CBC - CBA

3.4000 1.0 A 0.29793492

=
1.0 3.4000 B -0.30678908

By solving above equation, the result is led as shown below.

A = 0.12498 C = 0.12699
B = -0.12699 D = -0.12498

5/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
 MAB = k1(2A +B) - CAB
MBA = k1(2B+A)+CBA
MBC = k2(2B+C) - CBC
MCB = k2(2C+B)+CCB
MCD = k1(2C+D) - CCD
MDC =k1 (2D+ C)+CDC
MDA = k3(2D+A) - CDA
MAD = k3(2A+D)+CAD
= -1.2083 tf･m
= 1.0236 tf･m
= -1.0236 tf･m
= 1.0236 tf･m
= -1.0236 tf･m
= 1.2083 tf･m
= -1.2083 tf･m
= 1.2083 tf･m

2) Calculation of Design Force

2-1) Side Wall in left
a) Shearing Force at joint MBA
w2
w1 Load at end A 6.616 tf/m2
w2 Load at end B 3.116 tf/m2 B
MAB Bending moment at end A -1.2083 tf･m
MBA Bending moment at end B 1.0236 tf･m
L
L Length of member (=H0) 1.750 m x
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m
d Effective height of member 0.190 m A
w1
SAB = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MAB+MBA)/L MAB
= 4.8741 tf
SBA = SAB - L(w1+w2)/2 = -3.6422 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m

Sx1 = 2.504 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.37 m
Sx2 = -2.314 tf

c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB = -1.208 tf･m
MB = -MBA = -1.024 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 4.8741 -6.6165 x + 1.0000 x2 , x = 5.772
0.844
Bending moment at x = 0.8444 m is;
Mmax = SABx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MAB = 0.749 tf・m

6/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
2-2) Top Slab
a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Uniform load 6.496 tf/m2

a
w2 Uniform load 0.000 tf/m2 b
a Distance from end B to near end of w 0.000 m
b Length of uniform load w2 1.250 m
MBC Bending moment at end B -1.0236 tf･m w2
MCB Bending moment at end C 1.0236 tf･m
L Length of member (=Bo) 1.250 m w1
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m B C
d Effective height of member 0.190 m
MBC x MCB
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L = 4.060 tf L
SCB = SBC -w1L - w2b = -4.060 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.

Sx = SBC - w1x - w2(x-a) in case of 0.000 m <= x <= 1.250 m

(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m

Sx1 = 1.592 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 0.870 m
Sx2 = -1.592 tf

c) Bending Moment
MB = MBC = -1.024 tf･m
MC = -MCB = -1.024 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 0.625 m is;
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC = 0.245 tf・m

2-3) Side Wall in right

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Load at end C 3.116 tf/m2 MCD

w2 Load at end D 6.616 tf/m2
w1
MCD Bending moment at end C -1.0236 tf･m C
MDC Bending moment at end D 1.2083 tf･m L x
L Length of member (=H0) 1.750 m
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m D w2
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m
d Effective height of member 0.190 m MDC

SCD = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MCD+MDC)/L

= 3.642 tf
SDC = SCD - L(w1+w2)/2 = -4.874 tf

7/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
 b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint
Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m
Sx1 = 2.314 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.370 m
Sx2 = -2.504 tf

c) Bending Moment
MC = MCD = -1.024 tf･m
MD = -MDC = -1.208 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 3.6422 -3.1165 x -1.0000 x2 , x = -4.0221
0.9056
Bending moment at x = 0.9056 m is;
Mmax = SCDx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MCD = 0.7493 tf・m

2-4) Bottom Slab

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Reaction at end D 7.936 tf/m2

w2 Reaction at end A 7.936 tf/m2 L
MDA Bending moment at end B -1.2083 tf･m MAD x MDA
MAD Bending moment at end C 1.2083 tf･m
L Length of member (=B0) 1.250 m A D
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m
d Effective height of member 0.190 m w2 w1

SDA = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MDA+MAD)/L

= 4.960 tf
SAD = SDA - L(w1+w2)/2 = -4.960 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SDA- w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m
Sx1 = 1.944 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 0.870 m
Sx2 = -1.944 tf

c) Bending Moment
MD = MDA = -1.208 tf･m
MA = -MAD = -1.208 tf･m
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 4.9601 -7.9362 x , x = 0.6250

Bending moment at x = 0.6250 m is;

Mmax = SDAx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MDA = 0.342 tf・m

8/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
Case 3: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L1

1) Calculation of Load Term

Ph1 Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall 2.946 tf/m2
Ph2 Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall 3.021 tf/m2
Pv1 Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab 6.430 tf/m2
Pv2 Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab 0.000 tf/m2
Pq Reaction to bottom slab 7.870 tf/m2
a Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2 1.250 m B (t2) C
b Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2 0.000 m
H0 Height of plane frame 1.750 m
H0 (t1) (t1)
B0 Width of plane frame 1.250 m
t1 Thickness of side wall 0.250 m
t2 Thickness of top slab 0.250 m A (t3) D
t3 Thickness of invert (bottom slab) 0.250 m
B0

CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60 = 0.76325 tf･m

2
CBA = CCD = (3Ph1+2Ph2)H0 /60 = 0.75942 tf･m
CBC = CCB = Pv1B02/12 + {(a2-b2)B02/2 - 2B0(a3-b3)/3 + (a4-b4)/4}Pv2/B02 = 0.83719 tf･m
2
CDA = CAD = PqB0 /12 = 1.02469 tf･m

2) Calculation of Bending Moment at joint

k1 = 1.0
k2 = H0t23/(B0t13) = 1.40000
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) = 1.40000

2(k1+k3) k1 0 k3 -3k1 A CAB - CAD

k1 2(k1+k2) k2 0 -3k1 B CBC - CBA
0 k2 2(k1+k2) k1 -3k1 C = CCD - CCB
k3 0 k1 2(k1+k3) -3k1 D CDA - CDC
k1 k1 k1 k1 -4k1 R 0

As load has bilateral symmetry, the equation shown below is formed.

A = -D B = -C R =0

2k1+k3 k1 A CAB - CAD

=
k1 2k1+k2 B CBC - CBA

3.4000 1.0 A -0.26143592

=
1.0 3.4000 B 0.07776405

By solving above equation, the result is led as shown below.

A = -0.09154 C = -0.04979
B = 0.04979 D = 0.09154

9/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
 MAB = k1(2A +B) - CAB = -0.89653 tf･m
MBA = k1(2B+A)+CBA = 0.76747 tf･m
MBC = k2(2B+C) - CBC = -0.76747 tf･m
MCB = k2(2C+B)+CCB = 0.76747 tf･m
MCD = k1(2C+D) - CCD = -0.76747 tf･m
MDC =k1 (2D+ C)+CDC = 0.89653 tf･m
MDA = k3(2D+A) - CDA = -0.89653 tf･m
MAD = k3(2A+D)+CAD = 0.89653 tf･m

2) Calculation of Design Force

2-1) Side Wall in left
a) Shearing Force at joint MBA
w2
w1 Load at end A 3.021 tf/m2
w2 Load at end B 2.946 tf/m2 B
MAB Bending moment at end A -0.8965 tf･m
MBA Bending moment at end B 0.7675 tf･m
L
L Length of member (=H0) 1.750 m x
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m
d Effective height of member 0.190 m A
w1
SAB = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MAB+MBA)/L MAB
= 2.695 tf
SBA = SAB - L(w1+w2)/2 = -2.526 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m

Sx1 = 1.550 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.370 m
Sx2 = -1.403 tf

c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB = -0.897 tf･m
MB = -MBA = -0.767 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 2.6950 -3.0207 x + 0.0214 x2 , x = 140.068
0.898
Bending moment at x = 0.8979 m is;
Mmax = SABx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MAB = 0.311 tf・m

10/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
2-2) Top Slab
a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Uniform load 6.430 tf/m2

a
w2 Uniform load 0.000 tf/m2 b
a Distance from end B to near end of w 0.000 m
b Length of uniform load w2 1.250 m
MBC Bending moment at end B -0.767 tf･m w2
MCB Bending moment at end C 0.767 tf･m
L Length of member (=Bo) 1.250 m w1
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m B C
d Effective height of member 0.190 m
MBC x MCB
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L = 4.018 tf L
SCB = SBC -w1L - w2b = -4.018 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.

Sx = SBC - w1x - w2(x-a) in case of 0.000 m <= x <= 1.250 m

(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m

Sx1 = 1.575 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 0.870 m
Sx2 = -1.575 tf

c) Bending Moment
MB = MBC = -0.767 tf･m
MC = -MCB = -0.767 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 0.625 m is;
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC = 0.488 tf・m

2-3) Side Wall in right

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Load at end C 2.946 tf/m2 MCD

w2 Load at end D 3.021 tf/m2
w1
MCD Bending moment at end C -0.767 tf･m C
MDC Bending moment at end D 0.897 tf･m L x
L Length of member (=H0) 1.750 m
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m D w2
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m
d Effective height of member 0.190 m MDC

SCD = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MCD+MDC)/L

= 2.526 tf
SDC = SCD - L(w1+w2)/2 = -2.695 tf

11/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
 b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint
Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m
Sx1 = 1.403 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.370 m
Sx2 = -1.550 tf

c) Bending Moment
MC = MCD = -0.767 tf･m
MD = -MDC = -0.897 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 2.5256 -2.9457 x -0.0214 x2 , x = -138.32
0.852
Bending moment at x = 0.8521 m is;
Mmax = SCDx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MCD = 0.311 tf・m

2-4) Bottom Slab

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Reaction at end D 7.870 tf/m2

w2 Reaction at end A 7.870 tf/m2 L
MDA Bending moment at end B -0.897 tf･m MAD x MDA
MAD Bending moment at end C 0.897 tf･m
L Length of member (=B0) 1.250 m A D
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m
d Effective height of member 0.190 m w2 w1

SDA = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MDA+MAD)/L

= 4.918 tf
SAD = SDA - L(w1+w2)/2 = -4.918 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SDA- w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m
Sx1 = 1.928 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 0.870 m
Sx2 = -1.928 tf

c) Bending Moment
MD = MDA = -0.897 tf･m
MA = -MAD = -0.897 tf･m
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 4.9185 -7.8696 x , x = 0.625

Bending moment at x = 0.6250 m is;

Mmax = SDAx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MDA = 0.640 tf・m

12/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
Case 4: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L2

1) Calculation of Load Term

Ph1 Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall 2.979 tf/m2
Ph2 Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall 3.054 tf/m2
Pv1 Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab 6.496 tf/m2
Pv2 Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab 0.000 tf/m2
Pq Reaction to bottom slab 7.936 tf/m2
a Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2 1.250 m B (t2) C
b Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2 0.000 m
H0 Height of plane frame 1.750 m
H0 (t1) (t1)
B0 Width of plane frame 1.250 m
t1 Thickness of side wall 0.250 m
t2 Thickness of top slab 0.250 m A (t3) D
t3 Thickness of invert (bottom slab) 0.250 m
B0

CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60 = 0.77175 tf･m

2
CBA = CCD = (3Ph1+2Ph2)H0 /60 = 0.76792 tf･m
2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 2
CBC = CCB = Pv1B0 /12 + {(a -b )B0 /2 - 2B0(a -b )/3 + (a -b )/4}Pv2/B0 = 0.84586 tf･m
2
CDA = CAD = PqB0 /12 = 1.03336 tf･m

2) Calculation of Bending Moment at joint

k1 = 1.0
k2 = H0t23/(B0t13) = 1.40000
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) = 1.40000

2(k1+k3) k1 0 k3 -3k1 A CAB - CAD

k1 2(k1+k2) k2 0 -3k1 B CBC - CBA
0 k2 2(k1+k2) k1 -3k1 C = CCD - CCB
k3 0 k1 2(k1+k3) -3k1 D CDA - CDC
k1 k1 k1 k1 -4k1 R 0

As load has bilateral symmetry, the equation shown below is formed.

A = -D B = -C R =0

2k1+k3 k1 A CAB - CAD

=
k1 2k1+k2 B CBC - CBA

3.4000 1.0 A -0.26160935

=
1.0 3.4000 B 0.07793748

By solving above equation, the result is led as shown below.

A = -0.09161 C = -0.04987
B = 0.04987 D = 0.09161

13/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
 MAB = k1(2A +B) - CAB = -0.90510 tf･m
MBA = k1(2B+A)+CBA = 0.77604 tf･m
MBC = k2(2B+C) - CBC = -0.77604 tf･m
MCB = k2(2C+B)+CCB = 0.77604 tf･m
MCD = k1(2C+D) - CCD = -0.77604 tf･m
MDC =k1 (2D+ C)+CDC = 0.90510 tf･m
MDA = k3(2D+A) - CDA = -0.90510 tf･m
MAD = k3(2A+D)+CAD = 0.90510 tf･m

2) Calculation of Design Force

2-1) Side Wall in left
a) Shearing Force at joint MBA
w2
w1 Load at end A 3.054 tf/m2
w2 Load at end B 2.979 tf/m2 B
MAB Bending moment at end A -0.905 tf･m
MBA Bending moment at end B 0.776 tf･m
L
L Length of member (=H0) 1.750 m x
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m
d Effective height of member 0.190 m A
w1
SAB = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MAB+MBA)/L MAB
= 2.724 tf
SBA = SAB - L(w1+w2)/2 = -2.555 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m

Sx1 = 1.567 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.37 m
Sx2 = -1.420 tf

c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB = -0.905 tf･m
MB = -MBA = -0.776 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 2.7241 -3.0540 x + 0.0214 x2 , x = 141.622
0.898
Bending moment at x = 0.8976 m is;
2 3
Mmax = SABx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x /(6L) + MAB = 0.315 tf・m

14/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
2-2) Top Slab
a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Uniform load 6.496 tf/m2

a
w2 Uniform load 0.000 tf/m2 b
a Distance from end B to near end of w 0.000 m
b Length of uniform load w2 1.250 m
MBC Bending moment at end B -0.776 tf･m w2
MCB Bending moment at end C 0.776 tf･m
L Length of member (=Bo) 1.250 m w1
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m B C
d Effective height of member 0.190 m
MBC x MCB
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L = 4.060 tf L
SCB = SBC -w1L - w2b = -4.060 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.

Sx = SBC - w1x - w2(x-a) in case of 0.000 m <= x <= 1.250 m

(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m

Sx1 = 1.592 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 0.870 m
Sx2 = -1.592 tf

c) Bending Moment
MB = MBC = -0.776 tf･m
MC = -MCB = -0.776 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 0.625 m is;
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC = 0.493 tf・m

2-3) Side Wall in right

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Load at end C 2.979 tf/m2 MCD

w2 Load at end D 3.054 tf/m2
w1
MCD Bending moment at end C -0.776 tf･m C
MDC Bending moment at end D 0.905 tf･m L x
L Length of member (=H0) 1.750 m
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m D w2
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m
d Effective height of member 0.190 m MDC

SCD = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MCD+MDC)/L

= 2.555 tf
SDC = SCD - L(w1+w2)/2 = -2.724 tf

15/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
 b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint
Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m
Sx1 = 1.4196 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.370 m
Sx2 = -1.5667 tf

c) Bending Moment
MC = MCD = -0.776 tf･m
MD = -MDC = -0.905 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 2.5547 -2.9790 x -0.0214 x2 , x = -139.9
0.852
Bending moment at x = 0.8524 m is;
Mmax = SCDx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MCD = 0.315 tf・m

2-4) Bottom Slab

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Reaction at end D 7.936 tf/m2

w2 Reaction at end A 7.936 tf/m2 L
MDA Bending moment at end B -0.905 tf･m MAD x MDA
MAD Bending moment at end C 0.905 tf･m
L Length of member (=B0) 1.250 m A D
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m
d Effective height of member 0.190 m w2 w1

SDA = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MDA+MAD)/L

= 4.960 tf
SAD = SDA - L(w1+w2)/2 = -4.960 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SDA- w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m
Sx1 = 1.944 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 0.870 m
Sx2 = -1.944 tf

c) Bending Moment
MD = MDA = -0.905 tf･m
MA = -MAD = -0.905 tf･m
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 4.9601 -7.9362 x , x = 0.625

Bending moment at x = 0.6250 m is;

Mmax = SDAx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MDA = 0.645 tf・m

16/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
Summary of Internal forces

Check M N S (tf)
Member Case
Point (tf･m) (tf) at joint at 2d
Side wall A -1.200 4.918 4.845 2.488
(left) Case.1 Middle 0.745 4.484 0.000 -
B -1.015 4.018 -3.613 -2.297
A -1.208 4.960 4.874 2.504
Case.2 Middle 0.749 4.526 0.000 -
B -1.024 4.060 -3.642 -2.314
A -0.897 4.918 2.695 1.550
Case.3 Middle 0.311 4.457 0.000 -
B -0.767 4.018 -2.526 -1.403
A -0.905 4.960 2.724 1.567
Case.4 Middle 0.315 4.498 0.000 -
B -0.776 4.060 -2.555 -1.420
Top slab B -1.015 3.613 4.018 1.575
Case.1 Middle 0.241 3.613 0.000 -
C -1.015 3.613 -4.018 -1.575
B -1.024 3.642 4.060 1.592
Case.2 Middle 0.245 3.642 0.000 -
C -1.024 3.642 -4.060 -1.592
B -0.767 2.526 4.018 1.575
Case.3 Middle 0.488 2.526 0.000 -
C -0.767 2.526 -4.018 -1.575
B -0.776 2.555 4.060 1.592
Case.4 Middle 0.493 2.555 0.000 -
C -0.776 2.555 -4.060 -1.592
Side wall C -1.015 4.018 3.613 2.297
(right) Case.1 Middle 0.745 4.484 0.000 -
D -1.200 4.918 -4.845 -2.488
C -1.024 4.060 3.642 2.314
Case.2 Middle 0.749 4.526 0.000 -
D -1.208 4.960 -4.874 -2.504
C -0.767 4.018 2.526 1.403
Case.3 Middle 0.311 4.457 0.000 -
D -0.897 4.918 -2.695 -1.550
C -0.776 4.060 2.555 1.420
Case.4 Middle 0.315 4.498 0.000 -
D -0.905 4.960 -2.724 -1.567
Invert D -1.200 4.845 4.918 1.928
Case.1 Middle 0.337 4.845 0.000 -
A -1.200 4.845 -4.918 -1.928
D -1.208 4.874 4.960 1.944
Case.2 Middle 0.342 4.874 0.000 -
A -1.208 4.874 -4.960 -1.944
D -0.897 2.695 4.918 1.928
Case.3 Middle 0.640 2.695 0.000 -
A -0.897 2.695 -4.918 -1.928
D -0.905 2.724 4.960 1.944
Case.4 Middle 0.645 2.724 0.000 -
A -0.905 2.724 -4.960 -1.944

1/1 (3)SingleBoxCulvert04Sum MSN

5 Calculation of Required Reinforcement Bar
5-1 Calculation of Required Reinforcement Bar
1) At Joint "A"　of side wall
Case.1
M= 1.1998 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 4.9185 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 4.8450 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 2.4878 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 24.39 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 56.265 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
 0 = c^3 +437.37 c^2 -7576.3 c -1136437.68
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1579
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 1.4680 cm2

Case.2
M= 1.2083 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 4.9601 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 4.8741 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 2.5043 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 24.36 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 56.497 kgf/cm2 ( 4.5E-07 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +437.28 c^2 -7632.5 c -1144871.29
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1585
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 1.4774 cm2

Case.3
M= 0.8965 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 4.9185 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 2.6950 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 1.5502 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 18.23 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 49.738 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +439.89 c^2 -6064.3 c -909649.47
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1422
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 0.7506 cm2

Case.4
M= 0.9051 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 4.9601 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 2.7241 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 1.5667 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 18.25 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 49.991 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +439.8 c^2 -6120.6 c -918083.08
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1428
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 0.7598 cm2

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 1.4774 cm2 in Case. 2 from above calculation.

Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 1.4680 1.4774 0.7506 0.7598 (cm2)

2) At Joint "B"　of side wall

Case.1
M= 1.0151 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 4.0185 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 3.6131 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 2.2971 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 25.26 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 51.078 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
 0 = c^3 +439.39 c^2 -6363.7 c -954555.83
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1455
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 1.2672 cm2

Case.2
M= 1.0236 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 4.0601 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 3.6422 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 2.3136 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 25.21 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 51.326 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +439.3 c^2 -6419.9 c -962989.44
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1461
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 1.2764 cm2

1/ 5 (4)SingleBoxCulvert, 11R-bar req

 Case.3
M= 0.7675 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 4.0185 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 2.5256 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 1.4032 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 19.10 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 45.370 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +441.45 c^2 -5129.1 c -769369.92
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1314
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 0.6848 cm2

Case.4
M= 0.7760 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 4.0601 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 2.5547 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 1.4196 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 19.11 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 45.641 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +441.36 c^2 -5185.4 c -777803.53
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1320
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 0.6939 cm2

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 1.2764 cm2 in Case. 2 from above calculation.
Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 1.2672 1.2764 0.6848 0.6939 (cm2)

3) At Joint "B"　of top slab

Case.1
M= 1.0151 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 3.6131 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 4.0185 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 1.5753 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 28.09 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 50.493 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
 0 = c^3 +439.61 c^2 -6232.3 c -934847.40
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1441
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 1.3739 cm2
Case.2
M= 1.0236 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 3.6422 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 4.0601 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 1.5916 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 28.10 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 50.725 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +439.53 c^2 -6284.5 c -942673.95
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1446
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 1.3864 cm2
Case.3
M= 0.7675 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 2.5256 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 4.0185 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 1.5753 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 30.39 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 42.982 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +442.26 c^2 -4645.3 c -696793.42
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1253
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 1.0798 cm2

Case.4
M= 0.7760 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 2.5547 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 4.0601 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 1.5916 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 30.38 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 43.244 kgf/cm2 ( 3.1E-06 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +442.17 c^2 -4697.5 c -704619.96
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1260
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 1.0921 cm2

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 1.3864 cm2 in Case. 2 from above calculation.
Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 1.3739 1.3864 1.0798 1.0921 (cm2)

2/ 5 (4)SingleBoxCulvert, 11R-bar req

4) At Joint "A"　of invert
Case.1
M= 1.1998 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 4.8450 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 4.9185 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 1.9281 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 24.76 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 56.166 kgf/cm2 ( 5E-08 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
 0 = c^3 +437.41 c^2 -7552.4 c -1132864.52
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1577
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 1.4872 cm2

Case.2
M= 1.2083 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 4.8741 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 4.9601 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 1.9444 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 24.79 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 56.382 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +437.33 c^2 -7604.6 c -1140691.07
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1582
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 1.4999 cm2

Case.3
M= 0.8965 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 2.6950 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 4.9185 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 1.9281 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 33.27 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 46.399 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +441.09 c^2 -5343.7 c -801553.46
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1339
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 1.3372 cm2

Case.4
M= 0.9051 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 2.7241 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 4.9601 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 1.9444 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 33.23 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 46.646 kgf/cm2 ( 2.1E-05 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +441.01 c^2 -5395.9 c -809380.01
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1346
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 1.3496 cm2

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 1.4999 cm2 in Case. 2 from above calculation.

Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 1.4872 1.4999 1.3372 1.3496 (cm2)

5) At Middle of side wall

Case.1
M= 0.7451 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 4.4843 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 16.62 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 45.5598 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
 0 = c^3 +441.39 c^2 -5168.6 c -775282.31
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1318
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 0.5092 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

Case.2
M= 0.7493 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 4.5258 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 16.56 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 45.725 kgf/cm2 ( 0.0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +441.33 c^2 -5202.8 c -780412.90
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1323
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 0.5080 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

3/ 5 (4)SingleBoxCulvert, 11R-bar req

 Case.3
M= 0.3108 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 4.4567 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 6.97 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 33.908 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +445.01 c^2 -2994 c -449105.09
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1015
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 0.0000 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member
Case.4
M= 0.3150 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 4.4985 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 7.00 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 34.115 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +444.95 c^2 -3028.4 c -454252.47
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1021
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 0.0000 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 0.5092 cm2 in Case. 1 from above calculation.
Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 0.5092 0.5080 0.0000 0.0000 (cm2)
Side inside inside inside inside

6) At Middle of top slab

Case.1
M= 0.2407 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 3.6131 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 6.66 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 29.940 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
 0 = c^3 +446.05 c^2 -2371.2 c -355679.78
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.0907
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 0.0000 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member
Case.2
M= 0.2451 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 3.6422 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 6.73 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 30.151 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +446 c^2 -2402.8 c -360414.79
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.0913
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 0.0000 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member
Case.3
M= 0.4883 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 2.5256 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 19.33 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 35.452 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +444.58 c^2 -3253.3 c -487997.61
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1057
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 0.4308 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member
Case.4
M= 0.4927 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 2.5547 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 19.29 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 35.637 kgf/cm2 ( 5.5E-05 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +444.53 c^2 -3284.9 c -492732.63
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1062
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 0.4333 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 0.4333 cm2 in Case. 4 from above calculation.
Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 0.0000 0.0000 0.4308 0.4333 (cm2)
Side inside inside inside inside

4/ 5 (4)SingleBoxCulvert, 11R-bar req

7) At Middle of invert
Case.1
M= 0.3373 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 4.8450 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 6.96 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 35.4444 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
 0 = c^3 +444.58 c^2 -3252 c -487793.32
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1057
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 0.0000 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

Case.2
M= 0.3417 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 4.8741 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 7.01 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 35.629 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +444.53 c^2 -3283.5 c -492528.33
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1062
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 0.0000 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

Case.3
M= 0.6405 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 2.6950 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 23.77 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 39.989 kgf/cm2 ( 3.3E-08 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +443.22 c^2 -4067.1 c -610058.67
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1176
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 0.7388 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

Case.4
M= 0.6449 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 2.7241 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 23.67 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 40.156 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +443.17 c^2 -4098.6 c -614793.69
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1181
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 0.7414 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 0.7414 cm2 in Case. 4 from above calculation.

Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 0.0000 0.0000 0.7388 0.7414 (cm2)
Side inside inside inside inside

8) Summary of required reinforcement

Required reinforcement for design is the maximum required reinforcement calculated above in 1) - 4).

Item Side wall Side wall Top slab Invert Side wall Top slab Invert
Point bottom top end end middle middle middle
Side outside outside outside outside inside inside inside
Calculation 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)
Requirement 1.477 1.276 1.386 1.500 0.509 0.433 0.741 (cm2)

5/ 5 (4)SingleBoxCulvert, 11R-bar req

6 Bar Arrangement and Calculation of Stress
Type: B1.00m x H1.50m
Side wall Top slab Invert
bottom middle top end middle end middle
outside inside outside outside inside outside inside
Bending moment M kgfcm 120,833 74,510 102,364 102,364 49,274 120,833 64,493
Shearing force (joint) S kgf 4,874 0 3,642 4,060 0 4,960 0
Shearing force (2d) S2d kgf 2,504 - 2,314 1,592 - 1,944 -
Axial force N kgf 4,960 4,484 4,060 3,642 2,555 4,874 2,724
Height of member h cm 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
Covering depth d' cm 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Effective height d cm 19 19 19 19 19 19 19
Effective width b cm 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Effective area bd cm2 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900
Young's modulus ratio n - 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

Required R-bar Asreq cm2 1.48 0.51 1.28 1.39 0.43 1.50 0.74

R-bar arrangement 16@250 12@250 16@250 16@250 16@250 16@250 12@125

Reinforcement As cm2 8.04 4.52 8.04 8.04 8.04 8.04 9.05

Perimeter of R-bar U ｃｍ 20.11 15.08 20.11 20.11 20.11 20.11 30.16
M/N e cm 24.361 16.616 25.212 28.105 19.287 24.791 23.675
Dist. from neutral axis c cm 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50
a' 35.6 12.3 38.1 46.8 20.4 36.9 33.5
b' 119.1 50.2 122.4 133.5 99.5 120.8 131.1
c' -2262.9 -952.9 -2325.3 -2537.4 -1890.9 -2294.4 -2490.5
x 6.08 5.97 6.00 5.79 6.72 6.04 6.42
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
(check) ok ok ok ok ok ok ok

Compressive stress c kgf/cm2 29.7 20.4 25.2 25.5 11.7 29.7 15.2
Allowable stress ca kgf/cm2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
ok ok ok ok ok ok ok
Tensile stress s kgf/cm2 504.7 356.2 437.1 465.4 171.1 510.5 237.8
Allowable stress sa kgf/cm2 2400.0 2400.0 2400.0 2400.0 2400.0 2400.0 2400.0
ok ok ok ok ok ok ok
Shearing stress at joint  kgf/cm2 2.57 0.00 1.92 2.14 0.00 2.61 0.00
Allowable stress a kgf/cm2 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00
ok ok ok ok ok ok ok
Shearing stress at 2d 2d kgf/cm2 1.32 - 1.22 0.84 - 1.02 -
Allowable stress 2da kgf/cm2 10.00 - 10.00 10.00 - 10.00 -
ok - ok ok - ok -

Resisting Moment Mr kgfcm 385,268 290,719 384,272 383,844 382,840 385,168 400,920
Mr for compression Mrc kgfcm 385,268 307,349 384,272 383,844 382,840 385,168 400,920
x for Mrc cm 4.799 3.795 4.712 4.673 4.571 4.791 4.813
s for Mrc kgf/cm2 2367.4 3205.6 2425.6 2452.9 2525.1 2372.9 2358.1
Mr for tensile Mrs kgfcm 490,237 290,719 475,145 468,176 450,155 488,790 509,160
x for Mrs cm 5.543 4.407 5.439 5.390 5.261 5.533 5.564
c for Mrs kgf/cm2 123.6 90.6 120.3 118.8 114.9 123.3 124.2

Distribution bar (>As/6 and >Asmin) 12@250 12@250 12@250 12@250 12@250 12@250 12@250
Reinforcement As cm2 4.52 4.52 4.52 4.52 4.52 4.52 4.52
ok ok ok ok ok ok ok
Reinforcement bar for fillet 12@250 12@250
Reinforcement As cm2 4.52 4.52

Minimum requirement of reinforcement bar As min = 4.5 cm2

1/1 (5)SingleBoxCulvert12R-bar stress