EAL 338: Transportation and Road Safety

Decade Of Action For Road

Safety (2011 – 2020):
An Overview
Dr. Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan
Slides Taken From: Prof. Dr. Ahmad Farhan Sadullah
 OUTCOMES
• Able to explain the world view on road safety
• Able to discuss the road safety situation in
Malaysia
• Able to discuss the world strategies to address
road safety situation
• Able to discuss the Malaysian strategy to
address road safety situation
 A PANDEMIC OFTEN IGNORED
• Road Safety situation in the world
– 1.27 million people die due to road crashes every year
• 3500 Average death per day (Malaysia:19/day)
• 150 Average death per hour
– 20 to 50 million suffer injuries due to road crashes
every year
– 90% of road fatalities happen in low and middle
income countries

Source: WHO (2009) Global Status Report on Road Safety

Source: WHO (2009) Global Status Report on Road Safety
 THE RICH AND THE POOR
• 1.08 million (90%) of road fatalities are in low and
middle income countries
– 120,000 (10%) of road fatalities are in high income
countries
• Low income countries
– 21.5 fatalities/100,000 population
• Middle income countries
– 19.5 fatalities/100,000 population
• High income countries
– 10.3 fatalities/100,000 population

Source: WHO (2009) Global Status Report on Road Safety

 MALAYSIAN’s ROAD SAFETY PERFORMANCE
35000000 8000

Fatalities 6917
7000
30000000

Population 29,300,000 6000

25000000

5000
Population, Registered Vehicles

20000000
Registered

Fatalities
Vehicles 4000
22,702,221
15000000

3000

10000000
2000

5000000
Malaysian Trend 1000

0 0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
 Road Safety Index in Malaysia
Total death
for Road
Year Per 100,000 Per Billion VKT
User in Per 10,000 vehicles
Malaysia population (Vehicle Kilometre Travelled)

1997 6302 7.37 29.1 33.57

1998 5740 6.28 25.8 28.75
1999 5794 5.83 25.5 26.79
2000 6035 5.69 26.0 26.25
2001 5849 5.17 25.1 23.93
2002 5891 4.90 25.3 22.71
2003 6286 4.90 25.1 22.77
2004 6228 4.52 24.3 21.10
2005 6200 4.18 23.7 19.58
2006 6287 3.98 23.6 18.69
2007 6282 3.74 23.1 17.60
2008 6527 3.63 23.5 17.65
2009 6745 3.55 23.8 17.27
2010 6872 3.40 23.8 16.21
2011 6877 3.21 23.7 14.68
MALAYSIAN ROAD FATILITIES 2012

Road User Group Fatalities %

Pedestrian 530 7.66%
Motorcycle 4178 60.40%
Bicycle 156 2.26%
Car 1435 20.75%
Van 86 1.24%
Bus 32 0.46%
Lorry 194 2.80%
4wheel 159 2.30%
Others 147 2.13%
 ASEAN ROAD SAFETY PERFORMANCE
2010 + 2007

2010 fatality/10K motorycles

2007 fatality/10K motorycles

2010 fatality/10K vehicle

2007 fatality/10K vehicle

2010 fatality/100K pop

2007 fatality/100K pop

2010 road fatalities

2007 road fatalities

motorcycles
population

vehicles

ASEAN
Brunei 398,920 349,279 - 46 54 11.53 13.84 1.32 1.77 #VALUE! 44.34
Cambodia 14,138,256 1,652,534 1,372,525 1,816 1,545 12.84 10.70 10.99 100.07 13.23 119.13
Indonesia 239,870,944 72,692,951 60,152,752 31,234 16,548 13.02 7.14 4.30 2.61 5.19 3.58
Lao PDR 6,200,894 1,008,788 812,629 790 608 12.74 10.38 7.83 9.48 9.72 12.01
Malaysia 28,401,017 20,188,565 9,441,907 6,872 6,282 24.20 23.64 3.40 3.73 7.28 7.94
Myanmar 47,963,010 2,326,639 1,911,040 2,464 1,638 5.14 3.36 10.59 15.67 12.89 24.11
Phillippines 93,260,800 6,634,855 3,482,149 6,941 1,185 7.44 1.35 10.46 2.15 19.93 4.48
Singapore 5,086,418 945,829 - 193 214 3.79 4.82 2.04 2.51 #VALUE! 14.79
Thailand 69,122,232 28,484,829 17,322,538 13,766 12,492 19.92 19.55 4.83 4.88 7.95 7.74
Vietnam 87,848,460 33,166,411 31,452,503 11,029 12,800 12.55 14.65 3.33 5.58 3.51 5.88

Source: Global Status on Road

Safety, WHO 2013 and 2009
 THE DECADE OF ACTION FOR ROAD SAFETY

• UN resolution on 2nd March 2010 (64th General

Assembly)
• Proclaimed the Decade of Action for road safety (2011-
2020) aimed at reducing traffic related death and injuries
• The Decade of Action (2011 to 2020) will comprise three
components:
– Goals and specific objectives, with an agreed target
– Activities designed to achieve the specific target through a
series of indicators
– Funding commensurate to the activities
 THE DECADE OF ACTION FOR ROAD SAFETY

• Within the decade,

– The increasing trend in road traffic facilities around the world to be halted and to be
reversed
– An increasing activities at the national level to achieve this
• This will be attained through:
– setting an ambitious target for reduction of road fatalities by 2020;
– strengthening the global architecture for road safety;
– increasing the level of global funding to road safety and putting in place a global
funding mechanism;
– increasing human capacity within countries relating to road safety;
– providing technical support to countries using successful experiences from others;
– improving the quality of data collection at the national, regional and global levels;
– monitoring progress on a number of predefined indicators at the national, regional
and global levels including both the public and private sectors.
 PILLARS
• International
– Coordination and strengthening global
architecture for road safety
• National
1. Road safety management
2. Infrastructure
3. Safe vehicles
4. Road user behaviour
5. Post crash care
 1. PILLAR ON INFRASTRUCTURE
• Influence road design safety and network management
– Using road infrastructure assessment rating and improved design to raise the
inherent safety and protective quality of road networks for the benefit of all road
users, especially the most vulnerable.

• Through
– Identification of opportunities for safety improvement
• Pro-active and reactive measures
• Backed by research and evaluation
– Implementing safety improvement measures
• Systematic and backed by evaluation
 INFRASTRUCTURE
Activity 1:
Review opportunities for improved safety in the Activity 2: Implement infrastructure safety
planning, design, construction, operation and improvements through:
maintenance of road infrastructure projects
through:
• identifying the most hazardous sections of
the road network
• systematic investment programs to improve
network safety ratings;
• conducting safety rating surveys on the road
• demonstration projects to evaluate safety
network and improve safety ratings for all
improvement innovations, especially for
road users;
vulnerable road users;
• auditing the safety of new road network
• consistent and well documented application
projects;
of safety audit and safety impact
• conducting road safety impact assessments assessment findings in the planning,
of new road network projects; and design, construction, operation and
• promoting research and development and maintenance of road infrastructure
related knowledge transfer activities into projects; and
infrastructure safety improvements for • regular ongoing conduct of network safety
low and middle-income country road rating surveys.
environments
 SUGGESTED INFRA ACTIVITIES BY DOA
Activity Detail Tasks Status?
and
safety in the planning, design,

maintenance of road infrastructure

Review opportunities for improved

Identifying the most hazardous sections of the road network;

Conducting safety rating surveys on the road network and improve
safety ratings for all road users;
operation

Auditing the safety of new road network projects;

Conducting road safety impact assessments of new road network
projects through:

projects;
construction,
Activity 1:

Promoting research and development and related knowledge transfer

activities into infrastructure safety improvements for low and middle-
income country road environments;

Systematic investment programs to improve network safety ratings;

Demonstration projects to evaluate safety improvement innovations,
improvements through:
Activity 2: Implement

especially for vulnerable road users;

infrastructure safety

Consistent and well documented application of safety audit and

safety impact assessment findings in the planning, design,
construction, operation and maintenance of road infrastructure
projects;
Regular ongoing conduct of network safety rating surveys;
SAFETY OUTCOME ANALYSIS

Roads Users Vehicles

Education and
Road authorities Safe vehicle
road safety
needed manufactured
culture

Influence of Effective Crash avoidance

road users and managing
behaviour Enforcement crash

Safe driving
culture for Crashworthiness
Forgiving roads
majority of vehicles
population

ROAD SAFETY OUTCOMES

THE EDGE ROAD/INFRASTRUCTURE
SAFETY MAY HAVE
All
authorities USING
play their PLANNING AND
role RISK
Risks on MANAGEMENT
Less severe
the roads
crashes
identified

Safer
Roads
Repair and
More upgrading
forgiving more
roads manageabl
e

Fewer
crashes
 RSA: Current Practice in Malaysia
• “Road Safety Audit: Guidelines for the Safety
Audit of Roads and Road Project in Malaysia”
– Published by JKR in 1997, 2nd Edition in
2002
• A formal process done at various stages (5
stages) in the development of a project
• Auditors must be properly qualified
• Independent team of auditors
• Consideration of all road user groups

Road Safety Audit: Guidelines for the Safety

Audit of Roads and Road Project in Malaysia,
2002
 Cycle of Road Safety Audit

RSA Stage 1

RSA Stage 5 RSA Stage 2

RSA Stage 4 RSA Stage 3

 • Planning and Feasibility
Stage 1

• Preliminary Design
Stage 2

• Detailed Design
Stage 3

• Construction and Pre-opening

• Part 1: verification audit of construction drawings
• Part 2: Audit when 50% work done
Stage 4
• Part 3: Audit prior to opening

• Auditing of Existing Roads

Stage 5
 The Gap

• Only carried out by experienced and certified

auditors (inadequate numbers)
• Subjective guideline
• Unspecified task or method
• Guidelines are for more experienced road
engineers
• Lack fundamental terminologies
• Guidelines do not provide guide for report
writing
Introducing!
 Where MeTRA fits
RSA Stage 1

Road Development
RSA Stage 2
& Maintenance

can be applied

RSA Stage 5 Existing RSA Stage 3

Road

RSA Stage 4 Pre-

Opening
 MeTRA Component
• Chapter 1 : Road Alignment
PART A • Chapter 2 : Cross Section

• Chapter 3 : Un-signalized Intersection

PART B • Chapter 4 : Signalized Intersection

• Chapter 5 : Interchange
PART C • Chapter 6 : Bridge
• Chapter 7 : Tunnel

• Chapter 8 : Motorcycle Infrastructure

PART D • Chapter 9 : Pedestrian Infrastructure
• Chapter 10 : Public Transportation Infrastructure

• Chapter 11 : Visual Aid

PART E • Chapter 12 : Roadside Safety
• Chapter 13 : Road Surface
METRA RELEVANCE AND IMPACT
Activity Detail Tasks Status?
YES
and
safety in the planning, design,

maintenance of road infrastructure

Review opportunities for improved

Identifying the most hazardous sections of the road network;

Conducting safety rating surveys on the road network and improve YES
safety ratings for all road users;
operation

Auditing the safety of new road network projects; YES

Conducting road safety impact assessments of new road network YES
projects through:

projects;
construction,
Activity 1:

Promoting research and development and related knowledge transfer YES

activities into infrastructure safety improvements for low and middle-
income country road environments;

Systematic investment programs to improve network safety ratings; YES

Demonstration projects to evaluate safety improvement innovations, FOLLOWS
improvements through:
Activity 2: Implement

especially for vulnerable road users;

infrastructure safety

Consistent and well documented application of safety audit and YES

safety impact assessment findings in the planning, design,
construction, operation and maintenance of road infrastructure
projects;
Regular ongoing conduct of network safety rating surveys; YES
 CONCLUSIONS
• When we design a development, we must
always look at the possible road safety risks
• Otherwise, we will not able to ensure safe
mobility
• We are then liable to be blamed as the culprit.
 2. PILLAR ON SAFE VEHICLES
• Global deployment of improved vehicle safety
technologies for both passive and active safety
through
– a combination of harmonization of relevant global
standards, consumer information schemes and
incentives to accelerate the uptake of new
technologies
 SAFE VEHICLES
Activity 1: Adherence by Member States
to motor vehicle safety standards as
developed by the UN’s World Forum
for the Harmonization of Vehicle
Regulations (WP 29)
Activity 2: Implementation of new car
assessment programmes in all world
regions to increase the availability of
consumer information about the
safety performance of motor
vehicles.
Activity 3: Encourage agreement to
ensure that all new motor vehicles
are equipped with seat belts.
Activity 4: Encourage global deployment of
crash avoidance technologies with
proven effectiveness such as Electronic
Stability Control.
Activity 5: Encourage use of fiscal and other
incentives for motor vehicles that
provide high levels of road user
protection and discourage export of
new and used cars that have reduced
safety standards or equipment
removed.
Activity 6: Sustain investment in research
and development of safety technologies
that will improve vehicle safety and
reduce risks to vulnerable road users.
3. PILLAR ON ROAD USER BEHAVIOUR
Sustained enforcement of road traffic laws and
standards and rules combined with public
awareness/education activities (in both public and
the private sectors) that will raise compliance with
regulations that reduce the impact of the key risk
factors (speeding, drink driving, non use of
motorcycle helmets and seat-belts and child
restraints, and commercial vehicle operations).
 ROAD USER BEHAVIOUR
Activity 1: Increase awareness of road
safety risk factors and prevention
measures..
Activity 2: Set and seek compliance with
Safe System speed limits and
evidence-based standards and rules to
reduce speed-related crashes and
injuries.
Activity 3: Set and seek compliance with
BAC laws and evidence-based
standards and rules to reduce alcohol-
related crashes and injuries.
Activity 4: Set and seek compliance with
laws and evidence-based standards
and rules for motorcycle helmets to
reduce head-injuries.
Activity 5: Set and seek compliance with
laws and evidence-based standards and
rules for seat-belts and child restraints to
reduce crash injuries.
Activity 6: Set and seek compliance with
laws and standards and rules for
commercial vehicle freight and public
transport operations safety to reduce
crash injuries.
Activity 7: Design and implement social
marketing campaigns to enhance
effectiveness of sustained enforcement
of road traffic laws and standards and
rules.
 4. PILLAR ON POST CRASH CARE
• Increase responsiveness to emergencies and improve
the ability of health systems to provide appropriate
emergency treatment and longer term rehabilitation.
 POST CRASH CARE
Activity 1: Develop pre-hospital care systems through the
implementation of existing guidelines on pre-hospital care
trauma care.
Activity 2: Develop hospital trauma care systems and evaluate
the quality of care through the implementation of guidelines
on trauma care systems and quality assurance.
Activity 3: Implement appropriate road user insurance systems
to finance rehabilitation services for crash victims.
TARGET:

DRIVER/USER

VEHICLE

ROAD/
ENVIRONMENT
33
 The Safe System Approach
• States that
“An accident may happen, but it need not result in
fatalities and injuries”

• There are differences between

– Causing an accident - predominantly user
– The impact of an accident – vehicle and road
factors become more significant
THE SAFE SYSTEM APPROACH

•Social Costs
•Final Outcomes
•Intermediate Outcomes
•Outputs

•User, Vehicle and Road/Environment

•Pre-, during and post-crash

•Results Focus
•Coordination
•Legislation
•Funding and Resource Allocation
•Monitoring and Evaluation
•Research and Development
•Knowledge Transfer
THE OUTCOME BASED APPROACH
FOR ROAD SAFETY
 This was our old practice:
The purely Intervention based

ROAD SAFETY TARGETS

Execution of interventions
Safer Roads
Safer Safer Road Post crash Safer Public
Institutional and
Vehicles Users mgt Transport
Mobility

ROAD SAFETY PROGRAMMES AND

INTERVENTIONS
PERHAPS A NEW APPROACH IS NEEDED !!!!!

ROAD SAFETY TARGETS

Desired Strategic
Outcomes
Safer Roads
Safer Safer Road Post crash Safer Public
Institutional and
Vehicles Users mgt Transport
Mobility

ROAD SAFETY PROGRAMMES AND

INTERVENTIONS
 Safer Safer Post Safer
Institutio mobility Safer Road Crash Public
Strategic Outcomes nal and roads vehicles Users Mgt Transport

Reduction in speed X X X X X
Reduction in red light running X X X
Reduction in reckless driving X X X
Increase in helmet wearing X X
Increase in seat belt wearing X X X
Improvement in airbags installation X X
Improvement in car worthiness state of vehicles X X
Better trained drivers X X
Better community involvement X X X X X
Risk reduction for motorcyclist X X X X X X
Risk reduction for pedestrians X X X X X X
Reduction in risks associated with roads X X X X
Improvement in public transport safety X X X X X
Improvement in public transport usage X X
Reduction in death due to emergency delay X X X X
 MEASURING OUTCOMES:
KPI FOR ROAD SAFETY
Outcomes
Reduction in speed
Reduction in red light running
Reduction in reckless driving
Increase in helmet wearing
Increase in seat belt wearing
Risk reduction for pedestrians
Reduction in risks associated with roads
Improvement in public transport safety
Improvement in airbags installation
Improvement in crashworthiness state of vehicles
Reduction in risks associated with vehicles
Better trained drivers
Better community involvement
Risk reduction for motorcyclist
Risk reduction due to substance use
Improvement in public transport usage
Reduction in death due to emergency delay
KPI Measure of Progress
# of people going above speed limit % reduction frm prev yr
# of people beating red light % reduction frm prev yr
# of crashes due to careless driving from PDRM data % reduction frm prev yr
# of people wearing helmet % increase frm prev yr
# of people wearing seatbelt % increase frm prev yr
length of road with 4* by iRAP for pedestrian % increase frm prev yr
length of road with 4* by iRAP % increase frm prev yr
% of companies complying to SHE % increase frm prev yr
% of cars with frontal airbags % increase frm prev yr
% of cars complying to R94 & R95 % increase frm prev yr
# of models with ASEANCAP rating 4* an above % increase frm prev yr
% of P drivers creating a high risk offence % reduction frm prev yr
# of community program % increase frm prev yr
length of road with 4* by iRAP for motorcyclist % increase frm prev yr
# of death related to substance use % reduction frm prev yr
# of road public transport user (bus & taxi) % increase frm prev yr
% emergency vehicles arriving within accepted time % increase frm prev yr
Vision & Target

User in
Vehicle on
Road ………
THANK YOU

cerosli@usm.my
Room: 3.27