Adverbials Type 3 Practice—Answer Key

Part 1: Choose the full form of the reduced adverb clause.

1. Wanting to be on time for her interview, Katie arrived 20 minutes early.

A. Because her father wanted her to be on time for her interview
B. Because Katie wants to be on time for her interview
C. Neither of these is correct
2. Having waited nearly 45 minutes for her friend to show up to the coffee shop, Sally
decided to go home.
A. Because she had waited nearly 45 minutes for her friend to show up
B. Before she waited nearly 45 minutes for her friend to show up
C. Neither of these is correct
3. Having had nothing but a piece of toast to eat all day, Jenny was starving by the time
she finished work.
A. Because she has nothing but a piece of toast to eat all day
B. Because she had had nothing but a piece of toast to eat all day
C. Neither of these is correct
4. Hoping to be appointed president of her company, Janet has been working very hard
this past year.
A. Because she hopes to be appointed president of her company
B. Because she had hoped to be appointed president of her company
C. Neither of these is correct
5. Having had a hard day at work, my father came home early.
A. Because I had had a hard day at work
B. Because my father has a hard day at work
C. Neither of these is correct The correct clause is “Because my father had a hard day
at work” or “Because my father had had a hard day at work”
6. Having listened to the neighbor’s dog bark all day, Brian decided it was time to
complain to the neighbor.
A. Since he had listened to the neighbor’s dog bark all day
B. Since his wife had listened to the neighbor’s dog bark all day
C. Neither of these is correct
7. Not wanting to wake his wife, Carl tiptoed through the house.
A. Because he didn’t want to wake his wife
B. Because he hadn’t wanted to wake his wife
C. Both of these are correct
8. Having been married for 20 years, John decided to throw a surprise party for his
wife.
A. Because John and Kathy had been married for 20 years
 B. Because John had been married for 20 years
C. Both of these are correct

Part 2: Decide whether the following clauses can be reduced to start with Having +
Past Participle.

9. While I am swimming, I usually think about work.

Yes—We can start with having + past participle.
No—We cannot start with having + past participle. We can’t do this type of
reduction for while
10. Because I had forgotten to bring my jacket, I was cold all day.
Yes—We can start with having + past participle.
No—We cannot start with having + past participle.
11. Before I got sick, I had been outside for 2 hours without a coat.
Yes—We can start with having + past participle.
No—We cannot start with having + past participle. We can’t do this type of
reduction for before
12. Although my mother had cooked dinner, I didn’t eat it.
Yes—We can start with having + past participle.
No—We cannot start with having + past participle. We can’t do a reduction for
although
13. Because my mother had cooked dinner, I was happy.
Yes—We can start with having + past participle.
No—We cannot start with having + past participle. There are 2 different subjects
14. Because my brother drank too much coffee, he was extremely anxious.
Yes—We can start with having + past participle.
No—We cannot start with having + past participle.