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stepped out of the cave , changed their culture and life began to build
or wood .
safety is questionable and the current system has not proved justified ,
development of the human mind bringing him probably to the maximum extent
alienation , but again , giving him the option of maximum networking and
connectivity , most notably the collection of new information , it's hard not to find
the person who will be the memorial house of straw taunt remembering that evil
wolf from the story of The Three Little Pigs or will imagine the little hobbit dwelling ,
forest creatures . Only a small number of people will think of the new or old
housing.
Buildings of straw bales were first built in the late 19th century in the United States , at the time when
they were invented strojeviza straw . white settlers
plains of Nebraska ( in areas without rocks and forests for construction ) grew
waste materials - straw bales . They built directly from the bales in a way that
the huge building blocks in the form of construction , the supporting walls .
walls . The settlers saw them as such houses are heated during the very
cold winters and cool during the hot summer . They noticed a discernible sound
protection from the noisy winds . Their positive examples of construction and housing
in these homes resulted in the construction of permanent houses , and some of them live
even today . These early methods of construction experienced a flourishing around the 1940s.
years , until the war , population growth and start using cement not
led to its demise . In the late 70's was again reveal some of the
these old houses and the idea spread very quickly , " green " and permaculture
year .
ratio of 12:13 W/m2K , which is two to three times less than the contemporary
frequent use of the walls of straw bales near the runways of airports and highways
in the U.S. and Europe as a protection against noise pollution . low cost
Different types of straw have different chemical compositions and the inherent
tests , moisture content , density , and history ( history storing bales and
protection from harvest to construction ) are the primary determining factors affecting
quality bales . Moisture content depends on the conditions at the time of baling and when
straw requires the use of a hygrometer . Density bale depends on the type of grain ,
moisture content and the degree of compression of the baler , but generally should not exceed
at least 1.1 kN/m3 ( dry density is the density which is calculated and
more or less standard for 3 - wire bales mmx1.168 mmx406 584 mm ( 2 - wire bales are much less ) .
According to various laboratory tests for
bales of straw was established modulus of elasticity 1379 kPa ( depending on the density
and moisture ) and compressive stress of 482.7 kPa . Plastered walls heights 2438
mm according to tests to withstand the pressure (before buckling wall) pressures from
the actual quality of specific bales selected for a particular project. practically
watching, specifications like maksimalnodopuštenog moisture content in
Performance.
USA . In this method , the bales assume the weight of the roof - there is no
blocks , attached to the foundation , and another one for the hazel rods and
top of the wall . Windows and doors are located suunutar structural framework , which
and requires very little prior knowledge of constructing the walls and the
one of the fastest methods , ideal zasamostalne builders because of the ease
design and low cost . Straw Jevrem and adaptive design goal is not
completely vertical and straight walls . What can be a problem during construction
larger buildings is the straw must remain dry through the whole process of construction ,
Nebraska style is the most common method of construction that can be found in Ireland and
UK .
Method of lightweight structural frame with the mounting wall of the bale
When this method is used a wooden box in which the columns accommodation
only in the corners and on the sides of the frame openings . It is quite
lightweight and temporary support until a straw that has taken
the role of the supporting wall . This allows the construction of the roof before
built walls which provides protection from the weather. Such construction
provides greater stability for door and window frames , but it is more complicated than
The method of filling / method of poles and logs / timber frame method
In this method, the weight carried by the roof with timber , steel or
between the columns . This is a common choice of architects because structural concepts are not
mortar that holds them together , and the whole building is plastered with cement
All other aspects of construction remain the same , including the setting up of installations,
note the design of the foundation , the type of material for the construction of the wall and the type of
facade and plaster . Since the straw breathable material , works best with
a) Houses
Unatočsve greater rise building houses of straw , the vast majority of these houses
shaped manner , and it is mainly about the houses in which only slightly
consequence of the possibilities that the vast majority of these houses built in a small number of people
,
without the required specialized education and often do not go home and continue
since their primary purpose , which is to provide a roof over their heads . only in
the last few years there have been some architects who experiment
in contrast with the classical shaped buildings with their innovative and
material through the transparent membrane to get a new form of the facade, not otherwise
used not only as an insulating material and fill material and većkao
structural material and for this purpose compressed and converted into
panels. They are made in a way to put a straw in a box with attached
upper and lower plates, and the edges remain open. Then while they are lying in
factory plaster and thus avoid all the problems that normally occur
orientation, location of windows and insulation. In this case, the material for the isolation of
straw.
its high thermal efficiency and abundance in this area. the walls are
evidence of material and corrugated sheet metal in the upper and lower portions, while
missed a lot of sun in the interior in winter and air flow for ventilation in summer.
examples encountered houses that combine the use of straw walls with
some other material. The walls are usually lined with straw walls
The reason for this is probably their purpose as a space for gathering
complicates the construction of the wall of straw in the area due to a large
This house has an unusual design architects for their house and associated office .
urban context first . This includes new wall system that includes
bales of straw .
According to the architects , the intention was to create a model of sustainable designed
innovative spatial , formal and material solutions for the design house .
The main floor of the house was built on pillars , with a garden below it . layout
haven , wrapped in a protective wall of straw . Tower of books from five floors
rising through the roof , allowing the top of a reading room with a view .
The roof of the house is made of green cover , planted with wild strawberries .
hybrid house with office space in the cities of the 21st century . Office of the
located on the side where the railway passes and his facade coated bags
sand . These bags are made of sand , lime and cement to time to
when they rot , the wall will turn into concrete form contained with these bags .
The design principles of passive house uses energy , with strong insulating wall of
south side " polished " to catch the warmth of the sun .
The tower acts as a thermal chimney , catching the wind and encouraging natural
ventilation for cooling the house in summer . Materials have been used with a view to
minimal impact on the environment . The north wall is made of the standard bundle
straw , placed between the load-bearing wooden frame and protected from the outside
translucent panels for protection from the rain , which allow the straw
see them and also ventilate . The inner side is plastered , and so it seems
be recycled and provides great insulation. Also , straw bales can be very
Also , one of the interesting things is the first street use gabion walls
(steel cages that are often seen along highways ) filled with recycled
concrete. Seskuplja rainwater and using solar pumps are used for
One of the islands of the eastern coast of the United States, Lopez Island, has become increasingly
expensive
place to live, and so made the pressure on teachers, workers and other
The walls consist of straw on the north, east and west, solar heating
water and generating energy from photovoltaic cells, rainwater collection for
toilets, washing machines and breeding their own food. Tenants know exactly
what happens because each unit contains information of the consumption of energy and
land prices.
Word about the contest in which architects realized prototype sustainable urban
living. Their proposal transforms components that make up the city block
downhill and hills which maximizes solar gain , views and usable
sufficient insulation . The aim of the project was the creation of a building as a physical
contest , the entire block will be renovated into a fully sustainable urban community
other cities .
c) University Projects
surprising that they are at various universities around the world have decided to engage in
achievable with a small number of people, and with little funding and is only
start with the professional educational side. The advantage of such a construction is not
materials, većšto gives young people whose profession it is a direct insight into
This house was built with the aim to examine the effectiveness of houses of straw and
with three layers of waterproof lime plaster , and are thus transformed into
replaced by body heat and the average family activities , given that the house
that was fueled by a lack of homework students . Since the city and
This three-story building is located on a slope , the large steel girders and
while the floors are made of wood recikliranogiz halls of local high schools .
Money for the construction was collected from local sponsors and donations through
together deciding on all matters relating to the house and bear monthly
costs which are paying off a mortgage and work . This could become a model or
because it shows that with a little money and a lot of effort , a lot can be achieved .
were carried out all the necessary tests on straw and now baled straw
can be used like any other building material . In the U.S., it can be
obtain a building permit even for houses where the straw walls bear
In Croatia, the last few years built the first three houses of
And use
will be as demonstrative examples to help educate about building with straw . all three
facility were built of straw from local farmers , and the walls are
plastered with clay , which is found on the ground or near the field of construction . only
Medvednica .
House of wood and straw , Poljanica Bistranska , Marina and Mijo Zajec
The particularity of this house is that its base structure makes the wood , while
and an overhead light wooden construction . The basement was dug under the entire
floor plan of the house , the ground floor and in the gallery below the steep part of the sloping roof
The bearing wooden structure forms a so-called . platform system performance with
door . " Skeleton " that make up the wooden elements of columns , beams and rafters covered with
the planks stiffened structure and the necessary supporting element for
the stability of the building . The outer covering of the house is made of wood and ventilated , while
running as a green roof . The wooden structure of the walls will be filled with 35 cm
thick straw bales and wooden planks made from acacia will change
over time, influenced by weather conditions and the color appearance and
show the character of the house made of " live " material - wood .
Outside the windows are made , as well as covering the facade , acacia .
7th conclusion
fans of this kind of building and growing number of members of the architectural
profession that increasingly recognize the benefits of using the still relatively new ,
a man with a family , with only a few people , or as we have seen through
literature
Internet
http:// www.strohhaus.net
http:// www.swarch.co.uk
http:// www.grandhouse.org
http:// www.archdaily.com
http://www.strawbale.com/