CAREER MENTOR

UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI

84

PHYSICS COMPENDIUM
SELECTED 700
NUMERICALS

1
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI

INDEX
UNIT PAGE NO
MECHANICS 1-70

HEAT 70-104

WAVE MOTION 104-121

OPTICS 121-156

ELECTROSTAT & ELECTRICTY 157-211

MAGNETISM 212-238

MODERN PHYSICS 239-262

2
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI

MECHANICS
1. If x  at  bt 2 , where x is the distance travelled by the body in kilometre while t the time in
seconds, then the units of b are

(a) km/s (b) km-s (c) km/s2 (d) km-s2

x
Solution : (c) From the principle of dimensional homogenity [ x ]  [bt 2 ]  [b ]   2   Unit of b =
t 
km/s2.
2. The unit of absolute permittivity is
(a) Farad - meter (b) Farad / meter (c) Farad/meter 2 (d) Farad
C
Solution : (b) From the formula C  4 0 R   0 
4 R

3. X  3YZ 2 find dimension of Y in (MKSA) system, if X and Z are the dimension of capacity
and magnetic field respectively
(a) M 3 L2 T 4 A 1 (b) ML2 (c) M 3 L2 T 4 A 4 (d) M 3 L2 T 8 A 4
[X ] [M 1 L2 T 4 A 2 ]
Solution : (d) X  3YZ 2  [Y ]    [M 3 L2 T 8 A 4 ] .
2 2 1 2
[Z ] [MT A ]
1
4. Dimensions of , where symbols have their usual meaning, are
0 0

(a) [ LT 1 ] (b) [L1 T ] (c) [L2 T 2 ] (d) [L2 T 2 ]

1 1
Solution : (d) We know that velocity of light C    C2
0 0 0  0

 1  1 2 2 2
 So    [LT ] = [L T ] .
  0  0 
5. If L, C and R denote the inductance, capacitance and resistance respectively, the dimensional
formula for C 2 LR is
(a) [ML2 T 1 I 0 ] (b) [M 0 L0 T 3 I 0 ] (c) [M 1 L2 T 6 I 2 ] (d) [M 0 L0 T 2 I 0 ]
 R  R 
Solution : (b) [C 2 LR ] = C 2 L2  = (LC )2  
 L   L 
1
6. The dimensions of  0 E 2 (  0 = permittivity of free space ; E = electric field ) is
2
(a) MLT 1 (b) ML 2 T 2 (c) ML 1 T 2 (d) ML2T 1
1 Energy  ML2 T 2  1  2
Solution : (c) Energy density = 0 E2     [ML T ]
2 Volume  L3 
7. The dimension of plank’s are the same as those of

3
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
(A) energy (B) power

(C) angular frequency (D) angular momentum

Solution : (D) E = h
E
Plank’s constant h =

ML2T 2
Dimension of (h) =
1/ T
h = ML2T–1
Dimension of angular momentum = ML2T–1
8. If velocity v, acceleration A and force F are chosen as fundamental quantities, then the
dimensional formula of angular momentum in terms of v, A and F would be
(a) FA1 v (b) Fv3 A 2 (c) Fv 2 A 1 (d) F 2 v 2 A 1
Solution : (b) Given, v = velocity = [LT 1 ] , A = Acceleration = [LT 2 ] , F = force = [MLT 2 ]
By substituting, the dimension of each quantity we can check the accuracy of the
formula
[Angular momentum] = Fv3 A 2
[ML 2 T 1 ]  [MLT 2 ] [LT 1 ]3 [LT 2 ]2

= [ML2 T 1 ]
9. In C.G.S. system the magnitude of the force is 100 dynes. In another system where the
fundamental physical quantities are kilogram, metre and minute, the magnitude of the force is
(a) 0.036 (b) 0.36 (c) 3.6 (d) 36
Solution : (c) n1  100 , M1  g , L1  cm , T1  sec and M 2  kg , L2  meter , T2  m inute , x  1 , y  1
, z  2
By substituting these values in the following conversion formula
x y 2
 M   L  T 
n2  n1  1   1   1 
 M 2   L2   T2 
1 1 2
 gm   cm   sec 
n 2  100    meter   minute 
 kg     

 gm   cm 1  sec  2
1
n2  100  3   2     3 .6
 10 gm   10 cm   60 sec 
B 2l 2
10. A physical quantity P  where B= magnetic induction, l= length and m = mass. The
m
dimension of P is
(a) MLT 3 (b) ML2T 4 I–2 (c) M 2 L2 T 4 I (d)
2 2
MLT I

4
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
[F] [MLT 2 ]
Solution : (b) F = BIL  Dimension of [B]   = [MT 2 I 1 ]
[I][L] [I][L]
B 2l 2 [MT 2 I 1 ] 2  [L2 ]
Now dimension of [P]    [ML2 T 4 I 2 ]
m [M ]

11. The pressure on a square plate is measured by measuring the force on the plate and the length
of the sides of the plate. If the maximum error in the measurement of force and length are
respectively 4% and 2%, The maximum error in the measurement of pressure is
(a) 1% (b) 2% (c) 6% (d) 8%
F F
Solution : (d) P  , so maximum error in pressure (P )
A l2
 P  F l
  100    100  2  100 = 4% + 2 × 2% = 8%
 P  max F l
12. The maximum error in the measurement of mass and density of the cube are 3% and 9%
respectively. The maximum error in the measurement of length will be
(A) 9% (B) 3% (C) 4% (D) 2%

Mass(M) M
Solution: (C) Density =   =
Volume(V) V

M
V=


3 M
=


Max. fractional error

3 M 
 
M 

Percentage error

3
% = 3% + 9%

 12
% %
3


%=4%

5
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
13. According to Joule's law of heating, heat produced H  I 2 Rt, where I is current, R is resistance
and t is time. If the errors in the measurement of I, R and t are 3%, 4% and 6% respectively then
error in the measurement of H is
(a)  17% (b)  16% (c)  19% (d)  25%
Solution : (b) H  I2R t
H  2I R t 
  100       100  (2  3  4  6)%  16 %
H  I R t 
14. The length of a cylinder is measured with a meter rod having least count 0.1 cm. Its diameter is
measured with venier calipers having least count 0.01 cm. Given that length is 5.0 cm. and
radius is 2.0 cm. The percentage error in the calculated value of the volume will be
(a) 1% (b) 2% (c) 3% (d) 4%
Solution : (c) Volume of cylinder V  r 2 l
V 2r l
Percentage error in volume  100   100   100
V r l
 0 .01 0 .1 
 2   100   100   (1  2)% = 3 %
 2 . 0 5 . 0 
15. In an experiment, the following observation's were recorded : L = 2.820 m, M = 3.00 kg, l =
4 Mg
0.087 cm, Diameter D = 0.041 cm Taking g = 9.81 m / s 2 using the formula , Y= , the maximum
D 2 l
permissible error in Y is
(a) 7.96% (b) 4.56% (c) 6.50% (d) 8.42%
4 MgL
Solution : (c) Y  so maximum permissible error in Y =
D 2 l
Y  M g L 2D l   1 1 1 1 1 
 100         100     2    100
Y  M g L D l   300 9.81 9820 41 87 
 0 .065  100  6 .5 %
16. If there is a positive error of 50% in the measurement of velocity of a body, then the error in the
measurement of kinetic energy is
(a) 25% (b) 50% (c) 100% (d) 125%
1
Solution : (c) Kinetic energy E  mv 2
2
E  m 2v 
  100      100
E  m v 
v
Here m  0 and  100  50 %
v
E
  100  2  50  100 %
E

6
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
17. The resultant of two forces, one double the other in magnitude, is perpendicular to the smaller
of the two forces. The angle between the two forces is
(a) 60 o (b) 120 o (c) 150 o (d) 90 o
Solution: (b) Let forces are F and 2F and angle between them is  and resultant makes an angle 
with the force F.
2 F sin
tan    tan 90  
F  2 F cos

 F  2 F cos   0  cos   1 / 2 or   120 

18. At what angle the forces of 2 N and 2 N act so that their combined effect is that of a single
force of 10 N ?
(A) 0 (B) 30

(C) 45 (D) 60

1
Solution: (C) 10 = 4 + 2 + 4 2 cos q or cos q = or  = 45
2
19. The magnitude of the resultant of two vectors of equal magnitude becomes 3 times when the
direction of one vector is reversed. The angle between the vectors is
(A) 30° (B) 60°

(C) 120° (D) None of these

Solution: Let the vectors be

 
A&B

A = B (given)

R2
 3 (given )
R1

A 2  B 2 - 2 AB Cos
  3
A 2  B 2  2 AB Cos

Putting A = B we obtain  = 120°.

Hence, (C)
20. A man is running with constant speed along a circular
path of radius 22m. He completes 1 round in 10
second. Find average velocity in 20 seconds

7
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
(A) 1.6 (B) 5 (C) 0 (D) 3

Solutions:

(a) Let man starts from A, distance covered in first 2 seconds = Path ACB
Displacement = AB= 8  8 =4m
r2  r1 4
Average velocity =   1.6 m / s
t 2  t1 2.5
21. A body moves over one fourth of a circular arc in a circle of radius r. The magnitude of distance
travelled and displacement will be respectively
r r r
(a) ,r 2 (b) ,r (c) r, (d) r, r
2 4 2

Solution : (a) Let particle start from A, its position vector rO A  rˆi
Y

After one quarter position vector rOB  r ˆj. B

So displacement  rˆj  rˆi

X
O A
Magnitude of displacement  r 2 .
2r r
and distance = one fourth of circumference  
4 2

22. The displacement of the point of the wheel initially in contact with the ground, when the wheel
roles forward half a revolution will be (radius of the wheel is R)

R
(a) (b) R  2  4 (c) 2R (d) R
 42

Solution : (b) Horizontal distance covered by the wheel in half revolution =R
So the displacement of the point which was initially in contact Pnew

with a ground = (R)  (2 R)2 2

2R
R  2
 4.
Pinitial
R

23. If a car covers 2/5th of the total distance with v1 speed and 3/5th distance with v2 then average
speed is

8
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
1 v1  v 2 2v 1v 2
(a) v 1v 2 (b) (c) (d)
2 2 v1  v 2
5v1v 2
3v1  2v 2

Total distance travelled x

Solution : (d) Average speed = 
Total time taken t1  t 2 (2/5)x (3/5)x
t1 t2
x 5v 1 v 2
= 
(2 / 5) x (3 / 5)x 2v 2  3v 1

v1 v2

24. A man walks on a straight road from his home to a market 2.5 km away with a speed of 5 km/h.
Finding the market closed, he instantly turns and walks back home with a speed of 7.5 km/h.
The average speed of the man over the interval of time 0 to 40 min. is equal to
25 30 45
(a) 5 km/h (b) km/h (c) km/h (d) km/h
4 4 8
2 .5 1
Solution : (d) Time taken in going to market   hr  30 min .
5 2
As we are told to find average speed for the interval 40 min., so remaining time for consideration of motion
is 10 min.
10
So distance travelled in remaining 10 min = 7 .5   1 .25 km.
60
Total distance (2 .5  1 .25 ) km 45
Hence, average speed = =  km / hr .
Total time (40 / 60 ) hr. 8

25. The relation 3 t  3 x  6 describes the displacement of a particle in one direction where x is
in metres and t in sec. The displacement, when velocity is zero, is
(a) 24 metres (b) 12 metres (c) 5 metres (d)
Zero
Solution : (d) 3t  3 x  6  3 x  (3 t  6)  3 x  (3 t  6 ) 2  x  3t 2  12t  12
dx d
v=  (3 t 2  12 t  12 )  6 t  12
dt dt
If velocity = 0 then, 6 t  12  0  t  2 sec
Hence at t = 2, x = 3(2)2 – 12 (2) + 12 = 0 metres.
26. A particle is travelling with velocity of 2 m/s and moves in a straight line with a retardation of
0.1 m/s2. The time at which the particle is 15m from the starting point is
(a) 10 s (b) 20 s (c) 25 s (d) 40 s
Solution:
1 2 1
S  ut  at ;15  2t   ( 0.1)t 2
2 2

9
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
 20  15 = 40t – t 2 or t 2 – 40t + 300 = 0

(t – 30) (t – 10) = 0; t = 30 s

or t = 10 s
The particle is at a distance 15 m from starting point at t = 10 s and also t = 30 s.

 (a)

27. The relation between time t and distance x is t   x 2   x, where  and  are constants. The
retardation is (v is the velocity)
(a) 2v 3 (b) 2 v 3 (c) 2v 3 (d) 2  2 v 3
dt dx 1
Solution : (a) differentiating time with respect to distance  2x    v  
dx dt 2x  
dv dv dx dv v. 2
So, acceleration (a) =  . =v   2 .v.v 2  2v 3
dt dx dt dx (2x   ) 2
28. A particle is moving eastwards with velocity of 5 m/s. In 10 sec the velocity changes to 5 m/s
northwards. The average acceleration in this time is
1
(a) Zero (b) m/s 2 toward north-west
2
1 1
(c) m/s 2 toward north-east (d) m/s 2 toward north-west
2 2

  
Solution : (b)   2  1 
v1

  12  22  212 cos 90 o  5 2  5 2  5 2


 2  5m / s
  5 2 
90
 5 2 1 o 
Average acceleration    m/s 2 toward north- 1  5 m / s
t 10 2
west (As clear from the figure).
29. A body is moving in a circle at a uniform speed  . What is the magnitude of the change in
velocity when the radius vector describes an angle 
   
(A)  cos  (B) 2 cos   (C)  sin  (D) 2 sin  
2 2

Solution: (D) v f  v i  v 02  v 02  2v 02 cos 

 v02 2(1 cos )

10
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
 v 02 2  2sin2   / 2  2v 0 sin( / 2)

30. The position of a particle moving along the x-axis at certain times is given below :
t (s) 0 1 2 3
x (m) –2 0 6 16
Which of the following describes the motion correctly
(a) Uniform, accelerated (b) Uniform, decelerated
(c) Non-uniform, accelerated (d) There is not enough data for generalisation
x
Solution : (a) Instantaneous velocity v  , By using the data from the table
t
0  (2) 6 0 16  6
v1   2m /s , v 2   6 m /s and v 3   10 m /s i.e. the speed is
1 1 1
increasing at a constant rate so motion is uniformly accelerated.
31. Which of the following graph represents uniform motion
(a) (b) (c) (d)
s
s s s

t
t t t

Solution : (a) When distance time graph is a straight line with constant slope than motion is uniform.

32. The diagram shows the displacement-time graph for a particle moving in a straight line. The
average velocity for the interval t = 0, t = 5 is
x
20
(a) 0 10
–1 5
(b) 6 ms O t
2 4
–1
(c) – 2 ms – 10
–1
(d) 2 ms

Solution : (c) Average velocity =

Total displaceme nt
=
20   20   10  = –2 m/s
Total time 5
33. A car accelerates from rest at a constant rate  for sometime, after which it decelerates at a
constant rate  to come to rest. If the total time elapsed is t, the maximum velocity acquired by
car is

αβ t (α  β) α 2  β2 α 2  β2
(a) (b) t (c) t (d) t
αβ αβ αβ αβ

Solution:

11
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
 
S1 u=V S2 v=0
A B C
u=0 v=V

V
For motion from A to B, V t 1 or t1 


V
For motion from B to C, 0V t 2 or t2 


V V V ()
 t  t 1 t 2   
  


or, V t
(   )

 (a)

34. Figure shows the displacement time graph of a body. What is the ratio of the speed in the first
second and that in the next two seconds Y
30

Displacement
20
(a) 1 : 2 10
(b) 1 : 3 0 X
1 2 3
Time
(c) 3 : 1
(d) 2 : 1
Solution: (d) Speed in first second = 30 and Speed in next two seconds = 15. So that ratio 2 : 1
35. In the following graph, distance travelled by the body in metres is
Y
(a) 200 15
v (m/s )

(b) 250 10
5
(c) 300
X
(d) 400 0 10 20 30
Time (s)
Solution : (a) Distance = The area under v – t graph
1
S  (30  10)  10 = 200 metre
2

36. Which of the following velocity time graphs is not possible

12
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
v v v v
(a) (b) (c) (d)

O t O t O t O t

Solution : (d) Particle can not possess two velocities at a single instant so graph (d) is not possible.
37. A body travels for 15 sec starting from rest with constant acceleration. If it travels distances
S 1 , S 2 and S 3 in the first five seconds, second five seconds and next five seconds respectively
the relation between S 1 , S 2 and S 3 is
1 1 1 1
(a) S 1  S 2  S 3 (b) 5 S 1  3 S 2  S 3 (c) S 1  S 2  S 3 (d) S 1  S 2  S 3
3 5 5 3
Solution : (c) Since the body starts from rest. Therefore u  0 .
1 25 a
S1  a(5) 2 
2 2
1 100 a 100 a a
S1  S 2  a(10 ) 2   S2   S 1 = 75
2 2 2 2
1 225 a 225 a 125 a
S1  S 2  S 3  a(15 ) 2   S3   S 2  S1 =
2 2 2 2
1 1
Thus Clearly S 1  S2  S3
3 5
38. If a ball is thrown vertically upwards with speed u, the distance covered during the last t
seconds of its ascent is

1 2 1 2
(a) gt (b) ut  gt (c) (u  gt )t (d) ut
2 2

u
Solution : (a) If ball is thrown with velocity u, then time of flight 
g
h t sec

u  u 
velocity after   t  sec : v  u  g   t  = gt. u 
 g   g    t  sec
 g 

So, distance in last 't' sec : 0 2  (gt) 2  2(g)h.

1 2
h gt .
2

39. An electron starting from rest has a velocity that increases linearly with the time that is v  kt,
where k  2 m / sec 2 . The distance travelled in the first 3 seconds will be
(a) 9 m (b) 16 m (c) 27 m (d) 36
m

13
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
3
t 2 
3


t2
Solution : (a) x t1
v dt  2t dt  2    9 m.
 2  0
0

40. A point moves rectilinearly with deceleration whose modulus depends on the velocity v of the
particle as a  k v where k is a constant, k  0 . At the initial moment the velocity of
particle is v0 What time will it take to cover that distance?
2 v0 v0
(A) t= (B) t=
k k

v0 3 v0
(C) t= (D) t=
2k k

dv dv dx
Solution:(A)  k v   k v
dt dx dt

0 x
dv
v  k v   vdv   k.dx
dx v0 0

2 2 3/2
  v 03 / 2  kx or Distance x  v o and
3 3k
0 t
dv
dv  k vdt      k dt
v0 v 0
0
or 2  v   kt
 v 0
or -2 v 0  kt
2 v0
or t =
k

41. A particle moves along a parabolic path y = 9x2 in such a way that the x component of velocity
1 1
remain constant and has a value ms . The acceleration of the particle is
3
1  1 
(A) j ms (B) 3 j ms 2
3

2  2 
(C) j ms (D) 2 j ms 2
3

14
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
Solution: (D) y  9x 2

dy
 Vy  18x Vx
dx

A y  18VX2 and A x  0

1
A y  18x  2m / s2
9

42. A boat which has a speed of 5 km/hr in still water crosses a river of width 1 km along the
shortest possible path in 15 minutes. The velocity of the river water in kilometres per hour is

(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 41

Solution:

For shortest possible path vw

1km
v  4 km/h vb  v
15 min
v w2  v 2  v b2

v w  v b2  v 2  5 2  4 2  3kmh–1

 (b)
43. A man running at 6 km/hr on a horizontal road in vertically falling rain observes that the rain
hits him at 30° from the vertical. The actual velocity of rain has magnitude

(a) 6 km/hr (b) 6 3 km/hr (c) 2 3 km/hr (d) 2 km/hr

Solution: O 6 km M

Velocity of rain = Velocity of man + Relative velocity of rain

30°
OR gives the actual velocity.
Relative
velocity
VR 1 6
tan 30  = 
OR 3 OR

or, OR  6 3 km/hr V R

 (b)

44. A boat which has a speed of 5 km/hr in still water crosses a river of width 3 km along the
shortest possible path in t min. The river flows at the rate of 3 km/hr. The time taken t is

15
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
(a) 20 min (b) 25 min (c) 45 min (d) 55 min

Solution:
AB 3
t  = 45 minutes
5 3
2 2 4

 (c)

45. A stone A is dropped from rest from a height h above the ground. A second stone B is
simultaneously thrown vertically up with velocity v. The value of v which would enable the
stone B to meet the stone A midway between their initial positions is

(a) 2 gh (b) 2 gh (c) gh (d) 2gh

Solution:

Time of travel of each stone = t

h
Distance travelled by each stone =
2

h 1 2 h
For stone A,  gt i .e.,t 
2 2 g

h 1 h 1 h
For stone B,  ut  gt 2  u  g  
2 2 g 2 g

h h h
 u 
2 g 2

h
or, u h
g

g
 uh  gh
h

 (c)
46. A body is dropped from rest from a height h. It covers a distance 9h/25 in the last second of
fall. The height h is
(a) 102.5 m (b) 112.5 m (c) 122.5 m (d) 132.5 m
Solution:

16
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
t is time to reach ground.

1  9  1
h  at 2 ;1 h  a(t 1) 2
2  25  2

 9  (t 1) 16 (t 1)
2 2
4 t 1
1  2 ;  2 or   t = 5 sec
 25  t 25 t 5 t

1
h=  9.8  52 = 122.5 m
2

 (c)
47. A ball is dropped vertically from a height d above the ground. If it hits the ground and bounces
up vertically to a height d/2. Neglecting subsequent motion and air resistance, its velocity v
varies with the height h above the ground as
(A) (B)
v v

d
h d h

(C) (D)
v v

d h
d h

Solution: As the ball falls, at height h the velocity f the ball is zero and at any height h,
v2=u2+2g(dh), with decreasing h, v increases.

17
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
When h = 0 v velocity is maximum.
After the ball collides the floor, its velocity changes in magnitude as wall as direction, as the body
goes to a smaller height in bouncing up. The change in velocity takes place within zero height and
with no change in time.
Hence, (A) is correct choice.
48. A particle is projected from a point O with velocity u in a direction making an angle  upward
with the horizontal. At P, it is moving at right angles to its initial direction of projection. Its
velocity at P is
(a) u tan  (b) u cot  (c) u cosec  (d) u sec 
Solution:
P 
v cos (90  ) = v sin  = u cos ; v = u cot 
(90° )
90°
 (b)
u v

O

49. The trajectory of a projectile is represented by y  3 x  gx 2 /2 . The angle of projection is

(a) 30o (b) 45o (c) 60o (d)None of these
Solution : (c) By comparing the coefficient of x in given equation with standard equation
gx 2
y  x tan  
2u cos 2 
2

tan   3    60 

5x 2
50. The equation of projectile is y  16 x  . The horizontal range is
4

(a) 16 m (b) 8 m (c) 3.2 m (d) 12.8 m

 x
Solution : (d) Standard equation of projectile motion y  x tan  1 
 R 

5x 2  x 
Given equation: y  16 x  or y  16 x 1 
4  64 / 5 

64
By comparing above equations R  =12.8 m.
5
51. A body is thrown at angle 30o to the horizontal with the velocity of 30 m/s. After 1 sec, its
velocity will be (in m/s) (g = 10 m/s2)
(a) 10 7 (b) 700 10 (c) 100 7 (d) 40

Solution : (a) From the formula of instantaneous velocity v  u 2  g 2 t 2  2 u g t sin 

18
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
v  (30)2  (10) 2  1 2  2  30  10  1  sin 30 o  10 7 m / s

52. A projectile is fired from the surface of level ground at an angle 0 above the horizontal. Then
elevation angle tan is
1
(A) tan0 (B) tan0
4

1 2
(C) tan0 (D) tan0
2 1

H 2H
Solution: (C) tan  
R R
2

H = Maximum height
u
u sin 0
2 2
 H
2g

R = Maximum range
0 
O
u sin20
2

g

sin 20
tan 
sin20

sin0 1
tan   tan0
2cos0 2

53. A projectile is fired at 30o to the horizontal. The vertical component of its velocity is 80 ms–1. Its
time of flight is T. What will be the velocity of the projectile at t = T/2
(a)80 ms–1 (b) 80 3 ms–1 (c) (80/ 3 ) ms–1 (d) 40 ms–1
Solution : (b) At half of the time of flight, the position of the projectile will be at the highest point of the
parabola and at that position particle possess horizontal component of velocity only.
80
Given uvertical  u sin   80  u   160 m / s
sin 30 o

 u horizontal  u cos   160 cos 30 o  80 3 m / s.

54. A particle is projected from point O with velocity u in a direction making an angle  with the
horizontal. At any instant its position is at point P at right angles to the initial direction of
projection. Its velocity at point P is

19
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI

90o P
v
u
(a) u tan (b) u cot (c) u cosec (d) u sec 
O
Solution : (b) Horizontal velocity at point ' O '  u cos 
Horizontal velocity at point ' P '  v sin 
In projectile motion horizontal component of velocity remains constant throughout the
motion
 v sin   u cos   v  u cot  90o P v sin
u 90o – 

u sin
v

O u cos

55. Two seconds after projection a projectile is travelling in a direction inclined at 30o to the
horizontal after one more sec, it is travelling horizontally, the magnitude and direction of its
velocity are
(a) 2 20 m/sec, 60 o (b) 20 3 m /sec, 60 o (c) 6 40 m /sec, 30 o (d) 40 6 m /sec, 30 o
Solution : (b) Let in 2 sec body reaches upto point A and after one more sec upto point B.
u sin 
Total time of ascent for a body is given 3 sec i.e. t  3
g
 u sin   10  3  30 …..(i) v B
A
Horizontal component of velocity remains always constant 30o

u
u cos   v cos 30  …..(ii)
For vertical upward motion between point O and A 

v sin 30 o  u sin   g  2 Using v  u  g t  O u cos

v sin 30 o  30  20 As u sin   30 

 v  20 m / s.

Substituting this value in equation (ii) u cos  20 cos 30 o  10 3 …..(iii)

From equation (i) and (iii) u  20 3 and   60 

56. A particle of mass m is projected with velocity v making an angle of 45o with the horizontal. The
magnitude of the angular momentum of the particle about the point of projection when the
particle is at its maximum height is (where g = acceleration due to gravity)
(a) Zero (b) mv3/ (4 2 g) (c) mv3/ ( 2 g) (d) mv2/2g
m u 3 cos  sin 2  mv 3
Solution : (b) L = [As  = 45o]
2g (4 2 g)

20
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
57. A boy playing on the roof of a 10m high building throws a ball with a speed of 10 m/s at an
angle of 30o with the horizontal. How far from the throwing point will the ball be at the
1 3
height of 10 m from the ground (g = 10 m/s2, sin 30o = , cos 30o  )
2 2
(a) 8.66 m (b) 5.20 m (c) 4.33 m (d) 2.60 m

u
Solution : (a) Simply we have to calculate the range of projectile
30o
u sin 2
2
(10 ) sin(2  30 )
2
R 
g 10 10 m 10 m

R  5 3  8.66 meter

58. A projectile is projected with initial velocity (6ˆi  8 ˆj) m / sec. If g = 10 ms–2, then horizontal
range is
(a) 4.8 metre (b) 9.6 metre (c) 19.2 metre (d) 14.0 metre
Solution : (b)  
Initial velocity  6ˆi  8 Jˆ m / s (given)

Magnitude of velocity of projection u  u x2  u y2  6 2  8 2 = 10 m/s

uy 8 4 4 3
Angle of projection tan      sin   and cos  
ux 6 3 5 5

4 3
(10 ) 2  2  
u 2 sin 2 u 2 2 sin  cos  5 5  9 .6 meter
Now horizontal range R   
g g 10
59. A projectile thrown with an initial speed u and angle of projection 15o to the horizontal has a
range R. If the same projectile is thrown at an angle of 45o to the horizontal with speed 2u, its
range will be
(a) 12 R (b) 3 R (c) 8 R (d) 4 R
u 2 sin 2
Solution : (c) R  R  u 2 sin 2
g
2
R2  u2   sin 2 2   2u 
2
 sin 90 o 
     R 2  R1      8 R1
R1  u1   sin 2 1   u   sin 30 o



60. A particle is projected making angle 45o with horizontal having kinetic energy K. The kinetic
energy at highest point will be
K K
(a) (b) (c) 2K (d) K
2 2

Solution : (b) Kinetic energy at the highest point K '  K cos 2   K cos 2 45 o  K / 2

21
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
61. A body is projected horizontally from the top of a tower with initial velocity 18 ms–1. It hits the
ground at angle 45o. What is the vertical component of velocity when it strikes the ground
(a)9 ms–1 (b) 9 2 ms–1 (c) 18 ms–1 (d) 18 2 ms–1
Solution : (c) When the body strikes the ground
u = 18
vy vy
tan 45 o   =1
vx 18
v y  18 m / s.

vx
45o
vy

62. A particle is moving along a circular path of radius 2 m and with uniform speed of 5 ms–1. What
will be the change in velocity when the particle completes half of the revolution
(a) Zero (b)10 ms–1 (c) 10 2 ms 1 (d) 10 / 2 ms 1

   180 o  
Solution : (b) v  2v sin   2  5 sin  v1
2  2  180o
  
v2
 2  5 sin 90 o
 10 m / s

63. Find the maximum velocity for overturn for a car moved on a circular track of radius 100 m . The
coefficient of friction between the road and tyre is 0 . 2
(a) 0.14 m / s (b) 140 m / s (c) 1 .4 km / s (d) 14 m / s

Solution : (d) v max   r g  0 .2  100  10  10 2  14 m / s

64. A particle is projected horizontally from the top of a cliff of height H with a speed 2gH . The
radius of curvature of the trajectory at the instant of projection will
(A) H/2 (B) H

(C) 2H (D) 
 
Solution: Since, g  v

Radial acceleration ar = g

v 02
  g where r is the radius of curvature.
r

2gH
 g ( v  2gH )
r

 r = 2H

22
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
Hence (C)

65. A car moves at a constant speed on a road as shown in the figure. The normal force exerted by
the road on the car is N A and N B when it is at the points A and B respectively
(a) N A  N B
(b) N A  N B A B

(c) N A  N B
(d) All possibilities are there
mv 2
Solution : (c) From the formula N  mg  Nr
r
As rA < rB  NA  NB
66. A particle of mass m is moving in a circular path of constant radius r such that its centripetal
acceleration ac is varying with time t as ac  k 2rt 2 , where k is a constant. The power
delivered to the particle by the forces acting on it is
mk 4 r 2 t 5
(a) 2mk 2r 2 t (b) mk 2r 2 t (c) (d) Zero
3
v2
Solution : (b) ac  k 2 r t 2   k 2r t 2  v 2  k 2 r 2 t 2  v krt
r
dv
Tangential acceleration at  kr
dt
As centripetal force does not work in circular motion.
So power delivered by tangential force P  Ftv  m at v =m(kr) krt  mk 2r 2 t
67. In a simple pendulum, the breaking strength of the string is double the weight of the bob. The
bob is released from rest when the string is horizontal. The string breaks when it makes an
angle  with the vertical
(a)   cos1 (1 / 3) (b)   60 o (c)   cos1 (2 / 3) (d)   0 o
Solution : (c) Let the string breaks at point B.
A
m v B2
Tension  mg cos    Breaking strength  T
r h = r cos
r B
m v B2 mg cos
 mg cos    2 mg ….(i) 
r C mv2/r
mg

If the bob is released from rest (from point A) then velocity acquired by it at point B
v B  2 gh

vB  2 g r cos  ....(ii) [As h= r cos  ]

By substituting this value in equation (i)

23
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
m
mg cos   (2 g r cos  )  2 mg
r
2 2
or 3mg cos   2 mg  cos      cos 1  
3 3
68. The ratio of velocities at points A (top most point), B (middle point) and C (bottom most point) in
vertical circular motion is

(a) 1 : 9 : 25 (b) 1 : 2 : 3 (c) 1 : 3 : 5 (d) 1 : 3 : 5

Solution : (d) v A : v B : vc  g r : 3 g r : 5 g r  1 : 3 : 5

69. A particle is moving in a vertical circle. The tensions in the string when passing through two
positions at angles 30o and 60o from vertical (lowest position) are T1 and T2 respectively, Then
(a) T1  T2 (b) T1  T2 (c) T1  T2 (d) T1  T2

mv 2
Solution : (b) T  mg cos  
r
As  increases T decreases
So T1  T2

 T
r


mg
mg cos + mv2/r

70. Three equal weights A, B & C each of mass 2kg are hanging on
a string passing over a fixed frictionless pulley as shown in
figure. The tension in string connecting B and C is
(a zero (b) 13 N

(c) 3.3 N (d) 19.6 N

A B

24
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
Solution:

For mass C, resultant force on C = 2g  T2

 2g  T2 = 2a … (i)
T1 T1
For mass B, 2g + T2  T1 = 2a … (ii)
2 kg A B 2 kg
For mass A, T1  2g = 2a … (iii)
T2 2g
Adding (1), (2) and (3) 2g T2
C 2kg
2g g
a 
6 3
2g
2g
Tension, T2 = 2g  2a = 2g 
3

4g 49.8 39 .2
   = 13 N
3 3 3

 (b)

71. A body of mass 1 kg is suspended from a spring balance graduated at g = 10 m/s2. The spring
balance is fixed in a lift, which is moving up with an acceleration of 5 m/s2. What is the reading
in the spring balance?
(a) 0.5 kg (b) 1.5 kg (c) 1 kg (d) 3.5 kg

Solution:

The tension in spring balance T is given by

T  mg = ma  T = m (g + a) N

 a
mg 1 
 g  kg = 1 5 kg = 1.5 kg
=  
g  10 

 (b)

72. A force F1 acting on a free mass m at rest produces in it acceleration of 1 m/s2. Another force F2
acting on the same mass at rest can produce in it a velocity of 10 m/s after 5 s. The greatest
acceleration of the mass m when both forces F1 and F2 act on it together will be

(a) 2 m/s2 (b) 4 m/s2 (c) 3 m/s2 (d) 1 m/s2

25
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI

Solution:

F1 produces an acceleration of 1 m/s2.

F2 produces a velocity 10 m/s after 5 s. If acceleration produced by F2 is a then,

v = at, 10 = 5a, a = 2 m/s2

Hence both together can produce a maximum acceleration of 3 m/s2

 (c)

73. A given object takes  times as much time to slide down a 45° rough incline as it takes to slide
down a perfectly smooth 45° incline. The coefficient of kinetic friction between object and
incline is given by

1 1 1 1
(a) μ  (b)   1  (c)   (d)   1 
1η 2
2 1  2 2
Solution:

g
Acceleration without friction = g sin  =
2

g
With friction, the acceleration is g (sin  –  cos ) = (1 – )
2

1 2
Since the body starts from rest, the distance is equal to at .
2

g g
Thus, S = t 12  (1) t 22 ;
2 2

1   t 12 1
Given t2 =  t1  2  2
1 t2 

 1 
  =  1  2 
 η 

 (b)

74. A plumb line is suspended from a ceiling of a car moving with horizontal acceleration of a. What
will be the angle of inclination with vertical

26
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
(a) tan 1 (a / g) (b) tan 1 (g / a) (c) cos 1 (a / g) (d) cos 1 (g / a)
Solution : (a) From the figure
a
a
tan   
g

  tan 1 a / g  a


g

75. A block A with mass 100 kg is resting on another block B of mass 200 kg. As shown in figure a
horizontal rope tied to a wall holds it. The coefficient of friction between A and B is 0.2 while
coefficient of friction between B and the ground is 0.3. The minimum required force F to start
moving B will be

(a) 900 N A
fAB
A
(b) 100 N B F
B F
fB Groun
(c) 1100 N G d

(d) 1200 N

Solution : (c)Two frictional force will work on block B.

F  f AB  fBG   ABm a g  BG (m A  m B )g

= 0.2 × 100 × 10 + 0.3 (300) × 10

= 200 + 900 = 1100N. (This is the required minimum force)

76. What is the maximum value of the force F such that the block shown in the arrangement, does
not move (   1 / 2 3 )

(a) 20 N F m = 3kg
(b) 10 N 60o

(c) 12 N
(d) 15 N
Solution: (a) Frictional force f  R
R
 F cos 60  (W  F sin 60 )
f F cos 60°

 F cos 60 
2 3
1
 3 g  F sin 60 
W+F sin 60°
 F  20 N .

27
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI

77. A 40 kg slab (B) rests on a smooth floor as shown in

figure. A 10 kg block (A) rests on the top of the slab.
The static coefficient of friction between slab and 100 N 10 kg
block is 0.6 while the kinetic friction coefficient is
0.4. The block (A) is acted upon by a horizontal 40 kg
force 100 N. If g = 9.8 m/s2, the resulting
acceleration of the slab (B) will be

(a) 0.98 m/s2 (b) 1.47 m/s2 (c) 1.52 m/s2 (d) 6.1 m/s2
Solution:
For a force of 100 N on 10 kg block, relative motion
will take place.
100 N 10 kg

 The frictional force between 10 kg block and 40 kg

40 kg
block,

f =  mg

= 0.4  10  9.8 N

The acceleration of the slab of 40 kg is

0.4  10  9.8
a=
40

= 0.98 m/s2

 (a)

78. On a slippery road with a coefficient of friction reduced to 0.2, the maximum speed at which a
car can go round a curve of radius 100 m is
(a) 5 m/s (b) 7 m/s (c) 14 m/s (d) 20 m/s
Solution:

v = gr = 0.2  100  9.8 = 14 m/s

 (c)

79. A position dependent force F  (7  2 x  3 x 2 ) N acts on a small abject of mass 2 kg to displace
it from x  0 to x  5m . The work done in joule is
(a) 70 J (b) 270 J (c) 35 J (d) 135 J

28
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
x2 5
Work done   F dx   (7  2 x  3 x )dx  [7 x  x 2  x 3 ]50  35  25  125  135 J
2
Solution : (d)
x1 0

80. Two masses 10 kg and 20 kg are connected by a

massless spring. A force of 200 N acts on 20 kg mass. At
the instant when the 10 kg mass has an acceleration 200 N
12 m/s2 the energy stored in the spring 10 kg 20 kg
(k = 2400 N/m) will be
(a) 30 J (b) 3 J

(c) 3 J (d) 80 J

Solution:

F = 10  12 = 120 N

F = kx = 2400 x

1
x=
20

1
Energy stored in the spring E = kx2
2

1 1
= 2400  =3J
2 400

 (b)

81. Two springs of spring constants 1000 N/m and 2000 N/m are stretched with same source. They
will have potential energy in the ratio of
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 22 : 12 (c) 1 : 2 (d) 12 : 22

Solution:

2
1 2 1 T  1T 2
Potential energy = k x = k  =
2 2 k 2 k

E1  k1 = E2  k2

E1 k2 2000 2
  
E2 k1 1000 1

Ratio is 2 : 1

29
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
 (a)

82. A block of mass m moving with speed v compresses a spring through a distance
x before its speed is halved. What is the value of spring constant?

3mv 2 mv 2 mv 2 3mv 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4x 2 4x 2 2x 2 x2

Solution:

1
Initial kinetic energy = mv2
2

2
1 v  1
Final energy = m   + kx2
2  
2 2

By principle of conservation of energy,

1 1 v2 1
mv2 = m + kx2
2 2 4 2

3mv 2
k=
4x 2

 (a)

83. A small block of mass 100 g is pressed against a

horizontal spring fixed at one end and compression is
5 cm. The spring constant is 100 N/m.When the block
moves horizontally it leaves the spring. Where will it 2m
hit the ground 2 m below the spring?
(a) Horizontal distance of 1 m from end of spring.

(b) Horizontal distance of 2 m from end of spring.

(c) 0.5 m from free end of spring.

(d) 1.5 m from free end of spring.

Solution:

Let v be the velocity when it leaves the spring.

1 1
Then mv2 = kx2.
2 2

30
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
kx 2 100(0.05 ) 2
v2 = 
m 10010 3

v = 10  0.05 10
Time to fall vertical distance of 2 metres from the spring
2s 22 2
= = =
g 10 10
2 2
Horizontal distance =  v=  10  0.05  10 = 1 m.
10 10
 (a)
84. A spring of natural length  and spring constant k is fixed on the
ground and the other is fitted with a smooth ring of mass m which
slides on a horizontal rod fixed at a height also equal to  (see
37
Figure). Initially the spring makes an angle of 37 with the vertical 
when the system is released from rest. What is the speed of the
ring when the spring becomes vertical?

 k k
(a) (b) 
4 m m

k k
(c) 2 (d) 4
m m

Solution:

In the initial position of the ring as shown in the Figure, 

37
 
The length of spring =
cos37 
 5
 
4 4
5
5 
 Extension = =
4 4
1 2
Energy stored in spring = k 
2 16
This stored energy when released becomes kinetic energy of the ring. If v is the velocity of the
1
ring, kinetic energy when it is vertical = mv2
2

By principle of conservation of energy,

1 1 2
mv 2  k 
2 2 16

31
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
k 2
v2 =
16m

 k
v =
4 m

 (a)

85. A block of mass 10 kg accelerates uniformly from rest to a speed of 2 m/s in 20 sec. The average
power developed in time interval of 0 to 20 sec is
(A) 10W (B) 1W
(C) 20W (D) 2W
Solution: (B)Average power
Net work done
Pav =
Total time taken
Net work done = change in kinetic energy = Final energy – initial energy
1
=  10  22 = 20J . . . (1)
2
20
Average power = = 1 watt
20
86. An object is attached to a vertical spring and is allowed to fall under the gravity. What is the
distance traversed by the object before being stopped?
(A) mg/k (B) 2mg/k
(C) mg/2k (D) none of these.
Solution: (A)
87. Find the horizontal velocity of the particle when it reach the point Q. Assume the block to be
frictionless. Take g = 9.8 m/s2.
(A) 4 m/s (B) 5 m/s
(C) 3.13 m/s (D) 3.6 m/s

32
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
 1 1 g v2
Solution : (C)mg 1   = mv2 =  v= g  3.13 m/s.
 2 2 2 2

88. A uniform rod of length L and mass m hinged at one end is hanging vertically. The other end is
now raised until it makes an angle 60o with vertical. How much work is required?
mg mg mg
(A) mg (B) (C) (D)
8 6 4
Ans. (D)
Solution: We can consider its whole mass is centered at its centre of mass O.

 work done = mgh

   60
= mg   cos 60 
2 2  O
h
O
 1 1 mg
= mg    =
2 4 4

89. The angle at which the mass flies off the sphere. A N
(A) θ= cos-1(4/3) (B) θ= cos-1(1/3)
(C) θ= cos-1(2/3) (D) θ= cos-1(2/8)  mgcos
mgsin
Ans. (C)
Solution: For circular motion

mv2
mg cosθ - N =
R

at the moment when the particle brakes off the

sphere N = 0.

mv2
 mg cos θ =
R

 g cos θ = v2/R

 v = 2 gR sin θ /2

g cos θ = 4g sin2 θ /2 = 2g(1  cos θ)

 cos θ = 2/3

33
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
 θ = cos-1(2/3)

90. A block of mass m is moving with a constant acceleration a on a frictional plane. If the
coefficient of friction between the block and ground is , the power delivered by the external
agent after a time t from the beginning is equal to:
(A) ma2t (B) mgat
(C) m(a+g)gt (D) m(a+g)at

Solution : (D)Instantaneous power delivered = P = F.v = Fv v a
m F
where, F – f = ma
f
 F = f + ma
 P = (f + ma) v
Put f = mg
 P = (mg + ma)v = m(a + g).at

91. If the momentum of a body is increased by 100 %, then the percentage increase in the kinetic
energy is
(a) 150 % (b) 200 % (c) 225 % (d) 300 %
2
P 
2
P2 E  2P 
Solution : (d) E  2   2      4
2m E1  P1   P 

E 2  4 E1  E1  3 E1  E1  300 % of E 1 .

92. A mass m slips along the wall of a semispherical surface of radius R. The velocity at the bottom
of the surface is
(A) Rg (B) 2Rg

(C) 2 Rg (D) Rg

Solution: (B) By conservation of energy

1
 mgR  mv 2  v  2gR
2
93. A 300 g mass has a velocity of (3ˆi  4 ˆj) m/sec at a certain instant. What is its kinetic energy
(a) 1.35 J (b) 2.4 J (c) 3.75 J (d) 7.35 J
 1 1
Solution : (c) v  (3ˆi  4 ˆj)  v  3 2  4 2  5 m/s . So kinetic energy = mv 2   0 .3  (5) 2  3 .75 J
2 2
94. A vehicle is moving on a rough horizontal road with velocity v. The stopping distance will be
directly proportional to

34
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
(a) v (b) v (c) v 2 (d) v 3

v2
Solution : (c) As s   s  v2 .
2a

95. A uniform chain of length L and mass M is lying on a smooth table and one third of its length is
hanging vertically down over the edge of the table. If g is acceleration due to gravity, the work
required to pull the hanging part on to the table is

MgL MgL
(a) MgL (b) MgL (c) (d)
3 9 18

Solution : (d) As 1/3 part of the chain is hanging from the edge of the table. So by substituting n = 3 in
standard expression

MgL MgL MgL

W   2
 .
2 18
2n 2(3)

96. A constant force F is applied on a body. The power (P) generated is related to the time elapsed
(t) as
(a) P  t 2 (b) P  t (c) P  t (d) P  t 3 / 2
mdv F
Solution : (b) F  F dt = mdv  v  t
dt m
F F2t
Now P = F  v  F  t  . If force and mass are constants then P  t.
m m
97. A body is moved along a straight-line path by a machine delivering constant power. The
distance moved by the body in time t is proportional to
3 1
2 4
(a) t (b) t
1 3
2 4
(c) t (d) t
Solution:
dV P.dt
Power P  F .v  m
dt
v  vdv   m
v2 P
or  t  C when t  0, v  0  C =0
2 m
2 Pt dx 2 Pt
or v  or 
m dt m
2P 12
 dx  
3
t dt or x  t 2
m

35
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
So option (a) is correct.
98. A particle of mass m is moving in a circular path of constant radius r such that centripetal
acceleration ac is varring with time t as ac= k2r t2 where k is constant what is the power delivered
to the particle by the forces acting on it.
mk 4 r 2t 5 mk 4 r 2t 5 mk 4 r 2t 5 mk 4 r 2t 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 5 3 9

Solution

dv
 k 2rt 2
dt
k 2rt 3
 v
3

Centripetal force will not supply the power and power by the tangential force =
dv
m v (P = FV)
dt

k 2rt 3
= mk2rt2
3

mk 4 r 2t 5
= (C)
3

99. Sand drops from a stationary hopper at the rate 5 kg/s on to a conveyor belt moving with
constant speed of 2 m/s. What is the power delivered by the motor drawing the belt?
(a) 10 watt (b) 20 watt (c) 30 watt (d) 40 watt

Solution:

This problem illustrates exertion of tangential force on a body due to gain of mass.
Tangential force = Rate of gain of tangential momentum.
dm
= v
dt
This is the force needed to keep the belt moving with uniform velocity. The motor must exert
this moment of force.
dm
Force needed = v  = 2  5 = 10 newton.
dt
Power = Force  velocity = 10  2 = 20 watts
 (b)
100. A body of mass m moving with velocity v makes a head-on collision with another body of mass 2m
which is initially at rest. The loss of kinetic energy of the colliding body (mass m) is

36
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI

1 1
(a) of its initial kinetic energy (b) of its initial kinetic energy
2 9
8 1
(c) of its initial kinetic energy (d) of its initial kinetic energy
9 4
Solution : (c) Loss of kinetic energy of the colliding body
2
 m  m2 
2 2
K  m  2m  1
 1   1   1    1 
K  1
m  m 2   m  2m  3

 1 8 8
K   1   K  K  Loss of kinetic energy is of its initial kinetic energy.
 9 9 9

101. A big ball of mass M, moving with velocity u strikes a small ball of mass m, which is at rest.
Finally small ball attains velocity u and big ball v. Then what is the value of v
M m m 2m M
(a) u (b) u (c) u (d) u
M m M m M m M m
m m   M m
Solution : (a) From the standard equation v 1   1 2
 u 1   u .
 1
m  m 2   M  m 

102. A car of mass 400 kg and travelling at 72 kmph crashes into a truck of mass 4000 kg and
travelling at 9 kmph, in the same direction. The car bounces back at a speed of 18 kmph. The
speed of the truck after the impact is
(a) 9 kmph (b) 18 kmph (c) 27 kmph (d) 36
kmph
Solution : (b) By the law of conservation of linear momentum m 1 u1  m 2 u 2  m 1 v1  m 2 v 2
 400  72  4000  9  400  (18 )  4000  v 2  v 2  18 km / h .
103. A smooth sphere of mass M moving with velocity u directly collides elastically with another
sphere of mass m at rest. After collision their final velocities are V and v respectively. The value
of v is
2uM 2um 2u 2u
(a) (b) (c) (d)
m M m M
1 1
M m
m m  2m u
Final velocity of the target v 2   u 2 
2 1 1 1
Solution : (c)
 1
m  m 2  m 1  m2

2 Mu 2u
As initially target is at rest so by substituting u 2  0 we get v 2   .
M m m
1
M

37
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
104. A moving body with a mass m1 strikes a stationary body of mass m2. The masses m 1 and m 2
m1
should be in the ratio so as to decrease the velocity of the first body 1.5 times assuming a
m2
m1
perfectly elastic impact. Then the ratio is
m2

(a) 1/ 25 (b) 1/5 (c) 5 (d) 25

 m  m2  2m 2 u 2  m  m2   u1 
Solution : (c) v1   1 u1    1 u1 [As u2 = 0 and  v 1   given]
 m1  m 2  m1  m 2  m1  m 2   1 . 5 

u1  m1  m 2 
  u1  m1  m 2  1.5(m1  m 2 )  m 1  5 .
1 .5  m1  m 2  m2

105. A body of mass 40kg having velocity 4 m / s collides with another body of mass 60kg having
velocity 2m / s . If the collision is inelastic, then loss in kinetic energy will be

(a) 440 J (b) 392 J (c) 48 J (d) 144 J

Solution : (c) Loss of K.E. in inelastic collision
1 m1m 2 1 40  60 1 2400
K  (u 1  u 2 ) 2  (4  2) 2  4  48 J.
2 (m 1  m 2 ) 2 (40  60 ) 2 100

106. A body falling from a height of 20m rebounds from hard floor. If it loses 20% energy in the
impact, then coefficient of restitution is
(a) 0.89 (b) 0.56 (c) 0.23 (d) 0.18
Solution : (a) It loses 20% energy in impact and only 80% energy remains with the ball
80
So ball will rise upto height h 2  80 % of h1   20  16 m
100
h2 16
Now coefficient of restitution e    0 .8  0 .89 .
h1 20

107. A rubber ball is dropped from a height of 5 m on a planet where the acceleration due to gravity
is not known. On bouncing, it rises to 1.8 m . The ball loses its velocity on bouncing by a factor of
(a) 16/25 (b) 2/5 (c) 3/5 (d) 9/25
Solution : (c) If ball falls from height h1, then it collides with ground with speed v 1  2gh1
…..(i)

and if it rebound with velocity v2, then it goes upto height h2 from ground, v 2  2gh 2
…..(ii)
v2 2 gh2 h2 1 .8 9 3
From (i) and (ii)      .
v1 2 gh1 h1 5 25 5

38
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
108. A metal ball of mass 2kg moving with a velocity of 36 km / h has an head-on collision with a
stationary ball of mass 3kg . If after the collision, the two balls move together, the loss in kinetic
energy due to collision is

(a) 40 J (b) 60 J (c) 100 J (d) 140 J

1 m1m 2 1 23
Solution : (b) Loss in kinetic energy K  (u 1  u 2 ) 2  (10  0) 2  60 J .
2 m1  m 2 2 23

109. A mass of 20kg moving with a speed of 10 m / s collides with another stationary mass of 5 kg.
As a result of the collision, the two masses stick together. The kinetic energy of the composite
mass will be
(a) 600 J (b) 800 J (c) 1000 J (d) 1200 J
Solution : (b) By conservation of momentum
m 1 u1  m 2 u 2  (m 1  m 2 )V

m 1 u1  m 2 u 2 20  10  5  0
Velocity of composite mass V    8 m/s
m1  m 2 20  5

1 1
 Kinetic energy of composite mass  (m 1  m 2 )V 2  (20  5)  8 2  800 J .
2 2
110. A particle of mass ' m ' moving with velocity ' v' collides inelastically with a stationary particle of
mass '2m ' . The speed of the system after collision will be
v v
(a) (b) 2v (c) (d) 3v
2 3
v
Solution : (c) By the conservation of momentum mv  2m  0  3 mV  V  .
3
111. A particle of mass 1g having velocity 3ˆi  2 ˆj has a glued impact with another particle of mass 2g
and velocity as 4 ˆj  6kˆ . Velocity of the formed particle is
(a) 5.6ms 1 (b) 0 (c) 6.4 ms 1 (d)
1
4.6ms
  
Solution : (d) By conservation of momentum m u1  m 2u 2  (m1  m 2 )V
 m u  m u 1(3i  2ˆj)  2(4 j  6kˆ ) 3i  6 j  12 kˆ ˆ
  1 1   i  2ˆj  4 kˆ
2 2
V 
m1  m 2 m1  m 2 (1  2)

| V |  (1) 2  (2) 2  (4 ) 2  1  4  16  4.6ms 1 .

112. A mass of 10 gm , moving horizontally with a velocity of 100 cm / sec , strikes the bob of a
pendulum and strikes to it. The mass of the bob is also 10 gm (see fig.) The maximum height to
which the system can be raised is ( g  10 m / sec 2 )

39
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI

(a) Zero (b) 5cm

(c) 2.5 cm (d) 1 .25 cm
10
Solution: (d) By the conservation of momentum, gm 1 10
m/ gm
1
Momentum of the bullet = Momentum of system  10  1  (10  10)  v s v m /s
2
v2 (1 / 2) 2
Now maximum height reached by system H max   m  1 . 25 cm .
2g 2  10
113. A bullet of mass m moving with a velocity v strikes a suspended wooden block of mass M as
shown in the figure and sticks to it. If the block rises to a height h the initial velocity of the bullet
is
mM
(a) 2 gh
m
(b) 2 gh
(m+M)
M m
(c) 2 gh M
M m h
m v1
(d) 2 gh
M m
Solution : (a) By the conservation of momentum mv  (m  M)V

and if the system goes upto height h then V  2 gh

mM
 mv  (m  M ) 2 gh  v 2 gh .
m
 
114. If the position vector of a particle is r  (3ˆi  4 ˆj) meter and its angular velocity is   (ˆj  2kˆ )
rad/sec then its linear velocity is (in m/s)

(a) (8ˆi  6 ˆj  3kˆ ) (b) (3ˆi  6 ˆj  8 kˆ ) (c)  (3ˆi  6ˆj  6kˆ ) (d)
(6ˆi  8 ˆj  3kˆ )
ˆi ˆj kˆ
Solution: (a) v    r = (3ˆi  4 ˆj  0kˆ )  (0ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ )  3 4 0  8ˆi  6 ˆj  3kˆ
0 1 2

115. Four thin rods of same mass M and same length l, form a square as shown in figure. Moment of
inertia of this system about an axis through centre O and perpendicular to its plane is
4 l
(a) Ml 2 A B
3 P
Ml 2
(b) l
O
l
3
Ml 2
(c) D C
6 l

40
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
2
(d) Ml 2
3
1
Solution: (a) Moment of inertia of rod AB about point P  Ml 2
12
2
Ml 2 l 1
M.I. of rod AB about point O   M   Ml 2 [by the theorem of parallel
12 2 3
axis]
4
and the system consists of 4 rods of similar type so by the symmetry ISystem  Ml 2 .
3
116. Three rods each of length L and mass M are placed along X, Y and Z-axes in such a way that one
end of each of the rod is at the origin. The moment of inertia of this system about Z axis is
2 ML2 4 ML2 5 ML2 ML2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3
Solution: (a) Moment of inertia of the system about z-axis can be find out by calculating the moment of
inertia of individual rod about z-axis
z
ML2
I1  I 2  because z-axis is the edge of rod 1 and 2 3
3
x
and I3  0 because rod in lying on z-axis 2 1
y
ML2 ML2 2 ML2
 Isystem  I1  I2  I3   0  .
3 3 3
117. The resultant of the system in the figure is a force of 8 N parallel to the given force through R .
The value of PR equals to
(a) 1 4 RQ R
P Q
(b) 3 8 RQ
(c) 3 5 RQ
5N 3N
(d) 2 5 RQ
3
Solution: (c) By taking moment of forces about point R, 5  PR  3  RQ  0  PR  RQ .
5
118. A horizontal heavy uniform bar of weight W is supported at its ends by two men. At the instant,
one of the men lets go off his end of the rod, the other feels the force on his hand changed to
W 3W W
(a) W (b) (c) (d)
2 4 4
Solution: (d) Let the mass of the rod is M  Weight (W) = Mg
Initially for the equilibrium F  F  Mg  F  Mg / 2 F F

When one man withdraws, the torque on the rod A B

l
  I  Mg Mg
2
Ml 2 l
   Mg [As I = Ml 2/ 3]
3 2

41
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
3 g
 Angular acceleration  
2 l F
l 3g
and linear acceleration a    A B
2 4
Now if the new normal force at A is F ' then Mg  F'  Ma B
Mg
3 Mg Mg W
 F'  Mg  Ma  Mg    .
4 4 4
119. A disc and a ring of same mass are rolling and if their kinetic energies are equal, then the ratio of
their velocities will be
(a) 4 : 3 (b) 3 : 4 (c) 3: 2 (d)
2: 3

1  k2  3  k2 1 
Solution: (a) K disc  mv d2 1  2   mv d2  As 2  for disc 
2   4  R 2 
 R 

1  k2   k2 
K ring  mv r 1  2   mv r2  As 2  1 for ring 
2  R   R 


3 v 4
According to problem K disc  K ring  mv d2  mv r2  d  .
4 vr 3

120. If the angular momentum of a rotating body is increased by 200%, then its kinetic energy of
rotation will be increased by
(a) 400% (b) 800% (c) 200% (d) 100%

2 2
L2 E 2  L2   3L 
Solution: (b) As E       1  [As L2  L1  200 % .L1 = 3L1]
2I E1  L1   L1 

 E2  9 E1  E1  800 % of E1

121. A solid cylinder of mass M and radius R rolls without slipping down an inclined plane of length L
and height h. What is the speed of its centre of mass when the cylinder reaches its bottom
3 4
(a) gh (b) gh (c) 4 gh (d) 2 gh
4 3
2 gh 2 gh 4
Solution: (b) Velocity at the bottom (v)  2
  gh .
K 1 3
1 1
R2 2

122. A ring solid sphere and a disc are rolling down from the top of the same height, then the sequence
to reach on surface is
(a) Ring, disc, sphere (b) Sphere, disc, ring (c)Disc, ring, sphere (d) Sphere, ring, disc

42
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
k2
Solution: (b) Time of descent  moment of inertia 
R2

 k2   k2   k2 
   0 .4 ,    0 .5 ,   1  t sphere  t disc  t ring .
 R2   R2   R2 
  sphere   disc   ring

123. A block of mass 2 kg hangs from the rim of a wheel of radius 0 .5 m . On releasing
from rest the block falls through 5 m height in 2 s . The moment of inertia of the wheel will be

(a) 1 kg-m2 (b) 3.2 kg-m2

(c) 2.5 kg-m2 (d) 1.5 kg-m2

2kg

Solution : (d) On releasing from rest the block falls through 5m height in 2 sec.

1 1 2
5 0 a(2)2 [As S  ut  at ]  a  2.5 m / s 2
2 2

g
Substituting the value of a in the formula a  and by solving we get
I
1 2
mR

10
 2.5   I  1 . 5 kg  m 2
I
1
2  (0 .5)2

124. One sphere collides with another sphere of same mass at rest inelastically. If the value of
1
coefficient of restitution is , the ratio of their speeds after collision shall be
2
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 1 : 3 (d) 3 : 1
v1 1  e 1  1 / 2 1 / 2 1
Solution : (c)     .
v2 1  e 1  1 / 2 3 / 2 3

125. Two identical billiard balls are in contact on a table. A third identical ball strikes them
symmetrically and come to rest after impact. The coefficient of restitution is

2 1 1 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 6 2

43
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
r 1
Solution : (a) sin      = 30o From conservation of linear momentum mu  2mv cos 30 o or
2r 2
u
v v
3
u

Relative velocity of separation
Now e  in common normal direction.
Relative velocity of approach v

v u/ 3 2
Hence, e  o
 
u cos 30 u 3 /2 3

126. A body falling from a height of 20m rebounds from hard floor. If it loses 20% energy in the
impact, then coefficient of restitution is
(a) 0.89 (b) 0.56 (c) 0.23 (d) 0.18
Solution : (a) It loses 20% energy in impact and only 80% energy remains with the ball
80
So ball will rise upto height h 2  80 % of h1   20  16 m
100

h2 16
Now coefficient of restitution e    0 .8  0 .89 .
h1 20

127. A neutron having mass of 1 .67  10 27 kg and moving at 10 8 m / s collides with a deutron at rest
and sticks to it. If the mass of the deutron is 3 .34  10 27 kg ; the speed of the combination is
(a) 2.56  10 3 m / s (b) 2.98  10 5 m / s (c) 3.33  10 7 m / s (d) 5.01  10 9 m / s
Solution : (c) m 1  1.67  10 27 kg , u1  10 8 m/s , m 2  3.34  10 27 kg and u 2  0

m 1 u1  m 2 u 2 1.67  10 27  10 8  0
Speed of the combination V    27  27
 3.33  10 7 m/s.
m1  m 2 1.67  10  3.34  10
128. A ball of mass m moving at a speed v makes a head on collision with an identical ball at rest. The
energy of the balls after the collision is 3/4th of the original. Find the coefficient of restitution.

m2 m1 v2'
v2 v1 v1'

Before Collision After Collision

Solution: As we have seen in the above discussion, that under the given conditions :

 1 e   1 e 
v1'   v 2'  
 2   2 
v and v

3 1 31 
Given that K f  Ki
2
Or mv1'   mv 2 
4 2 
4 2 

44
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
2 2
 1 e   1  e  3
Substituting the value, we get,  2    2   4

1 1
Or (1 + e)2 + (1 – e)2 = 3 Or 2 + 2e2 = 3 Or e2  Or e
2 2

129. Two identical rods each of mass M. and length l are joined in crossed position as shown in
figure. The moment of inertia of this system about a bisector would be
B1 B2
2 2 2 2
Ml Ml Ml Ml
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 12 3 4

Solution: (b) Moment of inertia of system about an axes which is perpendicular to plane of rods and
Ml 2 Ml 2 Ml 2
passing through the common centre of rods I z   
12 12 6

Ml 2
Again from perpendicular axes theorem I z  I B1  I B2  2 I B1  2 I B2  [As
6
I B1  I B2 ]

Ml 2
 I B1  I B2  .
12

130. A smooth uniform rod of length L and mass M has two identical beads of negligible size, each of
mass m , which can slide freely along the rod. Initially the two beads are at the centre of the
rod and the system is rotating with angular velocity  0 about an axis perpendicular to the rod
and passing through the mid point of the rod (see figure). There are no external forces. When
the beads reach the ends of the rod, the angular velocity of the system is

M 0
(a)  0 (b)
M  12 m
M 0 M 0 L/2 L/2
(c) (d)
M  2m M  6m

Solution: (d) Since there are no external forces therefore the angular momentum of the system
remains constant.
 ML2 
Initially when the beads are at the centre of the rod angular momentum L1    0

 12 
.....(i)

45
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
When beads reach the ends of the rod then angular momentum
  L 2 L
2
ML 2 
 m    m     ' ..(ii)
 2 2 12 


ML2  mL 2 ML2  M o
Equating (i) and (ii) 0     '   ' 

.
12  2 12  M  6m

131. A sphere rolls down on an inclined plane of inclination . What is the acceleration as the sphere
reaches bottom

5 3 2 2
(a) g sin  (b) g sin  (c) g sin  (d) g sin 
7 5 7 5

g sin  g sin  5
Solution: (a) Acceleration (a)  2
  g sin  .
K 2 7
1 1
R2 5

132. A solid sphere and a disc of same mass and radius starts rolling down a rough inclined plane,
from the same height the ratio of the time taken in the two cases is

(a) 15 : 14 (b) 15 : 14 (c) 14 : 15 (d) 14 : 15

 2 
1  k  2
2h  k2   R 2  sphere 1
1 t shpere 
Solution: (d) Time of descent t 1 2   =  5
sin  g  R  t disc  2 
1  k  1
1
 R 2 disc 2


7 2 14
  
5 3 15

133. A solid sphere rolls down an inclined plane and its velocity at the bottom is v1. Then same
sphere slides down the plane (without friction) and let its velocity at the bottom be v2. Which of
the following relation is correct
5 7
(a) v1 = v2 (b) v 1  v2 (c) v 1  v2 (d) None of these
7 5

10
Solution: (d) When solid sphere rolls down an inclined plane the velocity at bottom v1  gh but,
7
if there is no friction then it slides on inclined plane and the velocity at bottom
v 2  2 gh

v1 5
  .
v2 7

46
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
134. In the following figure, a body of mass m is tied at one end of a light string and this string is
wrapped around the solid cylinder of mass M and radius R. At the moment t = 0 the system
starts moving. If the friction is negligible, angular velocity at time t would be
mgRt 2 Mgt 2mgt 2mgt
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(M  m ) (M  2 m ) R(M  2m ) R(M  2m )

g g 2mg
Solution : (d) We know the tangential acceleration a   
I 1 / 2 MR 2 2m  M
1 2 1
mR mR 2

1
[As I  MR 2 for cylinder]
2

2mgt
After time t, linear velocity of mass m, v  u  at  0  M
2m  M

v 2mgt m
So angular velocity of the cylinder    .
R R (M  2 m )

135. A wheel whose moment of inertia is 2 kg m2 has an initial angular velocity of

50 rad/s. A constant torque of 10 Nm acts on the wheel. The time in which the wheel is
accelerated to 80 rad/s is

(a) 12 s (b) 3 s (c) 6 s (d) 9 s

Solution:

Initial angular velocity= 50 rad/s

Final angular velocity = 80 rad/s
Torque = 10 N-m
Moment of Inertia= 2 kg m2
Angular acceleration  is given by
=I
 10
= = = 5 rad/s2
I 2
Hence if t is the time 5t = 80  50 = 30
t = 6 seconds
136. A tube of length L is completely filled with an incompressible liquid of mass M and closed at
both ends. The tube is rotated in a horizontal plane about one of its ends with a uniform
angular velocity . The force exerted by the liquid at the other end will be

Mω 2 L M2 L M 2 L3
(a) (b) M 2 L (c) (d)
2 4 2

Solution:

47
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
Consider a small element of the liquid of length dx at

M
a distance x from the axis of rotation. Its mass is dx. dx
L
F
M dx 2 x
Centrifugal force=  x
L L
L
M 2
Total force=
L 
 x dx
0
2
M 2L
= 
L 2
2
Mω L
=
2
 (a)
137. A thin circular ring of mass M and radius R is rotating about its axis with a constant angular
velocity . Two objects each of mass m are attached gently to the ring. The wheel now rotates
with an angular velocity

ωM (M  2m ) M (M  2m )
(a) (b) (c) (d)
M m M  2m M  2m M

Solution:

Moment of inertia of a circular ring about an axis passing through its centre and perpendicular
to its plane is MR2.

Initial angular momentum = MR2 

After the masses have been attached, the moment of inertia = MR2 + 2mR2

If  is the new angular velocity, the angular momentum = (MR2 + 2mR2) 

By the principle of conservation of angular momentum

(MR2 + 2mR2)  = MR2 

M
  =
M + 2m

 (c)

138. Acceleration due to gravity on moon is 1/6 of the acceleration due to gravity on earth. If the
  5
ratio of densities of earth (m ) and moon ( e ) is  e   then radius of moon Rm in terms
 m  3
of R e will be

48
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
5 1 3 1
(a) Re (b) Re (c) Re (d) Re
18 6 18 2 3
4 g  R gm 1
Solution : (a) Acceleration due to gravity g   GR  g   R or m  m . m [As  and
3 ge  e Re ge 6
e 5
 (given)]
m 3

R m  g m   e  1 5 5
        Rm  Re
Re  g e   m  6 3 18

139. If the radius of the earth were to shrink by 1% its mass remaining the same, the acceleration
due to gravity on the earth's surface would
(a)Decrease by 2% (b) Remain unchanged (c) Increase by 2% (d) Increase by 1%
1
Solution : (c) We know g  [As R decreases, g increases]
R2
So % change in g  2 (% change in R )  2  1%  2%
 acceleration due to gravity increases by 2%.
140. The height of the point vertically above the earth's surface, at which acceleration due to gravity
becomes 1% of its value at the surface is (Radius of the earth = R)
(a) 8R (b) 9R (c) 10 R (d) 20R
2
 R 
Solution : (b) Acceleration due to gravity at height h is given by g  g 
R h
2
g  R  R 1
  g     h  9R .
100  R  h R  h 10

141. The magnitudes of the gravitational field at distance r1 and r2 from the centre of a uniform
sphere of radius R and mass M are F1 and F2 respectively. Then

F1 r F1 r2
(a)  1 if r1  R and r2  R (b)  22 if r1  R and r2  R
F2 r2 F2 r1

F1 r F1 r2
(c)  1 if r1  R and r2  R (d)  12 if r1  R and r2  R
F2 r2 F2 r2

1 GM
Solution : (a, b) We know that gravitational force  Intensity  when r  R [As I  ]
r 2
r2
F1 r2
  22 if r1  R and r2  R
F2 r1

and gravitational force  Intensity  r when r  R

4
[As I   Gr ]
3

49
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
F1 r
  1 if r1  R and r2  R .
F2 r2
142. A uniform ring of mass m is lying at a distance 1.73 a from the centre of a sphere of mass M just
over the sphere where a is the small radius of the ring as well as that of the sphere. Then
gravitational force exerted is
m a
GMm GMm
(a) (b)
8a 2 (1 .73 a) 2 1.73 a

GMm GMm a M
(c) 3 2
(d) 1 . 73 2
a 8a
Gmr
Solution : (d) Intensity due to uniform circular ring at a point on its axis I 
(a  r 2 ) 3 / 2
2

GMmr GMm 3 a GMm 3 a 3 GMm

 Force on sphere F     [As
(a  r )
2 2 3/2
(a  ( 3 a) )
2 2 3/2
(4 a )2 3/2
8a 2

r  3a ]
143. The gravitational field due to a mass distribution is E  K / x 3 in the x - direction (K is a
constant). Taking the gravitational potential to be zero at infinity, its value at a distance x is
(a) K / x (b) K / 2 x (c) K / x 2 (d) K / 2 x 2

x
K K
Solution : (d) 
V   E dx   3
dx 
2x 2
144. The orbital velocity of an artificial satellite in a circular orbit just above earth’s surface is v0. For
a satellite orbiting in a circular orbit at an altitude of half of earth’s radius is

3 2 3 2
(a) v0 (b) v0 (c) v0 (d) v0
2 3 2 3

Solution:

g 0R 2
Orbital velocity = where R is radius of earth.
R h

g0R 2
If h = 0, v0   g0R
R

R g 0R 2 2g0R 2
If h = , v  = v0 .
2 R 3 3
R
2

 (b)

50
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
145. A body of mass m is moved to a height equal to the radius of the earth R. The increase in its
potential energy is

(a) mgR (b) 2mgR (c) (1/2) mgR (d) (1/4) mgR

Solution:

 GMm GMm GMm mgR

U    
2R R 2R 2

 (c)

146. A spherical shell is cut into two pieces along a chord Q

as shown in figure. For points P and Q

(a) EP > EQ (b) EP < EQ P

(c) EP = EQ = 0 (d) EP = EQ  0

Solution:

EP + EQ = 0 but EP  EQ  0

147. A body of mass m kg. starts falling from a point 2R above the earth’s surface. Its kinetic energy
when it has fallen to a point ‘R’ above the earth’s surface [R-Radius of earth, M-Mass of earth,
G-Gravitational constant]

1 GMm 1 GMm 2 GMm 1 GMm

(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 R 6 R 3 R 3 R
Solution : (b) When body starts falling toward earth’s surface its potential energy decreases so kinetic
energy increases.
Increase in kinetic energy = Decrease in potential energy
Final kinetic energy – Initial kinetic energy = Initial potential energy – Final potential
energy
 GMm   GMm 
Final kinetic energy – 0        
 r1   r2 

  GMm   GMm   GMm   GMm 

 Final kinetic energy     
  Rh 
      
 R  h1   2   R  2R   R  R 
GMm GMm 1 GMm
   .
3R 2R 6 R
148. The distance of a planet from the sun is 5 times the distance between the earth and the sun.
The Time period of the planet is

51
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
(a) 5 3 / 2 years (b) 5 2 / 3 years (c) 5 1 / 3 years (d) 5 1 / 2 years
Solution : (a) According to Kepler’s law T  R 3 / 2  T planet  (5)3 / 2 Tearth  5 (3 / 2)  1 year  5 3 / 2 years .
149. In planetary motion the areal velocity of position vector of a planet depends on angular velocity
() and the distance of the planet from sun (r). If so the correct relation for areal velocity is
dA dA dA dA
(a) r (b) 2 r (c)   r2 (d)  r
dt dt dt dt
dA L mvr 1
Solution : (c)    r 2 [As Angular momentum L  mvr and v = r ]
dt 2m 2m 2
dA
  r 2 .
dt
150. A body of mass m is situated at a distance 4 R e above the earth’s surface, where R e is the
radius of earth. How much minimum energy be given to the body so that it may escape
mgR e mgR e
(a) mgR e (b) 2mgR e (c) (d)
5 16
Solution : (c) Potential energy of the body at a distance 4 R e from the surface of earth
mgR e mgR e mgR e
U   [As h  4 R e (given)]
1  h / Re 14 5
mgR e
So minimum energy required to escape the body will be .
5
151. Periodic time of a satellite revolving above Earth’s surface at a height equal to R, where R the
radius of Earth, is [g is acceleration due to gravity at Earth’s surface]
2R R R R
(a) 2 (b) 4 2 (c) 2 (d) 8
g g g g

(R  h) 3 (R  R ) 3 8R R
Solution : (b) T  2  2  2  4 2 [As h  R (given)].
GM gR 2 g g

152. Potential energy of a satellite having mass ‘m’ and rotating at a height of 6.4  10 6 m from the
earth centre is

(a) 0.5 mgR e (b)  mgR e (c) 2 mgR e (d) 4 mgR e

GMm GMm GMm
Solution : (a) Potential energy     [As h  R e (given)]
r Re  h 2Re

gR e2 m
 Potential energy    0.5mgR e [As GM  gR 2 ]
2Re
153. A particle moving with S.H.M. passes through points A and B with same velocity having
occupied 2 seconds in passing from A to B. After another 2 seconds it returns to B. The period in
seconds is

52
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 8

Solution:

The velocity of a particle executing simple harmonic O

M N
motion is given by v =  a2  x2 where a is the A x x B

amplitude and x is the displacement from equilibrium

position O.

Time taken from A to B = 2 seconds. Time taken from B to N and back to B is another 2 seconds.
Time taken from B to A must be 2 seconds.

 time taken from A to M and back is 2 seconds. Hence the total time for one complete to
and fro motion will be 8 seconds.

 (d)

154. A simple harmonic oscillator has an amplitude A and time period T. The time required by it to
travel from x  A to x  A / 2 is
(a) T / 6 (b) T / 4 (c) T / 3 (d) T / 2
Solution : (a) Because the S.H.M. starts from extreme position so y  a cos t form of S.H.M. should be
used.
A 2  2
 A cos t  cos  cos t  t T /6
2 T 3 T
155. Two equations of two S.H.M. are x  a sin( t   ) and y  b cos( t   ) . The phase difference
between the two is
(a) 0o (b) o (c) 90o (d) 180o
Solution : (c) x  a sin( t   ) and y  b cos( t   ) = b sin( t     / 2)

Now the phase difference = ( t    )  ( t   )   / 2  90 o
2
156. A body is executing simple harmonic motion with an angular frequency 2 rad/sec. The velocity
of the body at 20 mm displacement. When the amplitude of motion is 60 mm is
(a) 40 mm/sec (b) 60 mm/sec (c) 113 mm/sec (d) 120
mm/sec

Solution : (c) v   a2  y 2  2 (60)2  (20)2 = 113 mm/sec

157. A particle is executing simple harmonic motion with frequency f. The frequency at which its
kinetic energy changes into potential energy is
(a) f / 2 (b) f (c) 2 f (d) 4 f
Solution : (c)

53
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI

158. The displacement of a particle moving in SHM at any instant is given by y =  sin t. The
T
acceleration after time t  is (where T is the time period)
4
(A) 2 (B) -2

(C) - (D) 

T
Solution:(B) When t  , the particle is at the extreme position. At the extreme position, the
4
particle has maximum acceleration -2

159. What fraction of the total energy is kinetic when the displacement is one-half of the amplitude?
1 2
(A) (B)
4 4

3 3.5
(C) (D)
4 4

1 2
m 2
(  2
  2
)  2

Ek 2  
2 2
4 3
Solution:(C)   
E 1
m2 2  2
 2
4
2

160. A particle starts executing S.H.M. of amplitude a and total energy E. At the instant its kinetic
3E
energy is its displacement y is given by
4

a a a 3
(a) y = (b) y = (c) y = (d) y = a
2 2 2

Solution:

1
Total energy E = m(a ) 2
2
1 1
Kinetic energy = m2 a 2 y 2 ; Potential energy = m 2 y 2
2 2
3 E
Since its kinetic energy = E , the potential energy =
4 4
1
m y
2 2
1 a2 a
 2   y2 ; y =
1 4 4 2
m 2a 2
2
 (b)

54
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
161. Two particles executes S.H.M. of same amplitude and frequency along the same straight line.
They pass one another when going in opposite directions. Each time their displacement is half
of their amplitude. The phase difference between them is
(a) 30o (b) 60o (c) 90o (d) 120o
Solution : (d) Let two simple harmonic motions are y  a sin  t and y  a sin( t   )
a 3
In the first case  a sin  t  sin  t  1 / 2  cos  t 
2 2
a
In the second case  a sin ( t   )
2
1  
  [sin  t. cos   cos  t sin  ]  1   1 cos   3 sin  
2 2  2 2 

 1  cos   3 sin   (1  cos )2  3 sin2   (1  cos )2  3(1  cos 2  )

By solving we get cos   1 or cos   1 / 2
i.e.  0 or   120 o
162. The potential energy of a particle executing S.H.M. at a distance x from the mean position is
proportional to
(a) x (b) x (c) x 2 (d) x 3
Solution : (c)

163. A particle moves such that its acceleration a is given by a  bx . Where x is the displacement
from equilibrium position and b is a constant. The period of oscillation is

2 2
(a) 2 b (b) (c) (d) 2 
b b b

Solution : (b) We know that Acceleration =   2 (displacement) and a  bx (given in the problem)
2 2
Comparing above two equation  2  b    b  Time period T  
 b
164. A pendulum suspended from the ceiling of a train has a period T when the train is at rest. When
the train is accelerating with a uniform acceleration, the period of oscillation will
(A) increase (B) decrease

(C) remain unaffected (D) become infinite

l 1
Solution:(B) Comparing with y  2 ; T '  2
g g2  2

Clearly, T’<T

55
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
165. Two simple harmonic motions are represented by :


π
 
y1 = 10 sin  4πt +  and y 2 = 5 sin 4 πt + 3cos 4πt . The ratio of the amplitudes of two
4
SHM is

(A) 1:1 (B) 1:2

(C) 2:1 (D) 1: 3

Solution:(A) In the second case, amplitude is 52 +(5 3)2

i.e. 25 + 75 i.e. 100 or10units.

So, the ratio of amplitudes is 1 : 1.

2K
166. What is the spring constant for the combination of springs shown in Fig.?
(A) k (B) 2k
m

5k
(C) 4k (D)
2 K K

Solution:(C) Treat the given system as a parallel combination of springs.

Fig.9

167. A mass M is suspended by two springs A and B of force constants k1 and k2 respectively as
shown in the Fig. 10. The total stretch of springs is
Mg Mg( k1  k 2 )
(A) (B)
k1  k 2 k1k 2 A K1

Mgk1  k 2 k1  k 2
(C) (D)
k1  k 2 k1k 2 Mg B K2

Mg Mg
Solution:(B) Extension of first spring  ; Extension of second spring  . M
k1 k2
Fig.10

Mg Mg  k  k2 
Net extension    Mg  1 
k1 k2  k1k 2 

56
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
168. If the mass shown in Figure is slightly displaced and then let go, then the system shall oscillate
with a time period of
K

m 3m
(A) 2 (B) 2
3k 2k
K K

2m 3k
(C) 2 (D) 2
3k m m
Fig.12

Solution:(B) The equivalent situation is a series combination of two spring of spring constants k and 2k.

If k’ is the equivalent spring constant, then

( k )(2k ) 2k
k'  
3k 3
3m
T  2
2k
169. A block of mass m is suspended by different springs of force constant shown in figure. Let time
period of oscillation in these four positions be T1, T2, T3 and T4. Then

2k

2k

(iv)

(A) T1 = T2 = T4 (B) T1 = T2 and T3 = T4

(C) T1 = T2 = T3 (D) T1 = T3 and T2 = T4

Solution: (B) Effective force constant in case (iii) and (iv) is

keff = 2k + 2k = 4k

m m
Therefore, T1 = T2 = 2 
k k

170. A wire of length l, area of cross section A and Young’s modulus of elasticity Y is suspended from
the roof of a building. A block of mass m is attached at lower end of the wire. If the block is
displaced from its mean position and then released the block starts oscillating. Time period of
these oscillations will be

57
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
Al AY
(A) 2 (B) 2
mY ml

ml m
(C) 2 (D) 2
YA YAl

YA
Solution: (C) Force constant of a wire is : k =
l

m ml
 T= 2  2
k YA

171. A mass M attached to a spring oscillates with a period of 2 seconds. If the mass is increased by 2
kg the period increases by one second. The initial mass M will be

(a) 1.6 kg (b) 1 kg (c) 1.5 kg (d) 2 kg

Solution:

Period of the mass attached to the spring is given by

M M
T 2  2  2 ... (i)
k k
M 2
In the second case, 32 … (ii)
k
2 M 4 M
Dividing (i) by (ii),   
3 M 2 9 M 2
9M = 4M + 8; 5M = 8; M = 1.6 kg
 (a)
172. A particle of mass m is attached to three springs A, B and C of
equal force constants as shown in the figure. If the particle is
B
pushed slightly against the spring C and released, the time of 90°
oscillation will be m
45° A
m m C
(a) 2 (b) 2
2k k

m 2m
(c) 2 (d) 2
3k k

58
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
Solution:

Let x be the displacement of C.

B
Forces acting on m in the displaced position of mass m are

(1) kx in the direction of C m

45° A
(2) kx cos 45 in the direction of B
C
(3) kx cos 45 in the direction of A

Net force in the direction of C

2 2
 kx   kx 
= kx       = 2kx
 2  2

md 2 x
= 2kx
dt 2

m
Period of oscillation, T = 2
2k

 (a)

173. A clock which keeps correct time at 20oC, is subjected to 40oC. If coefficient of linear expansion
of the pendulum is 12  10 6 / oC. How much will it gain or loose in time
(a) 10.3 sec/day (b) 20.6 sec/day (c) 5 sec/day (d) 20 min/day
T 1 1
Solution : (a)     12  10 6  (40  20 ) ; T  12  10 5  86400 sec / day = 10.3 sec/day.
T 2 2
174. The metallic bob of simple pendulum has the relative density . The time period of this
pendulum is T. If the metallic bob is immersed in water, then the new time period is given by
  1     1 
(a) T   (b) T   (c) T (d) T
     1   1

T'  
Solution : (d) Formula  Here   1 for water so T '  T .
T    1

175. The period of a simple pendulum is doubled when

(a) Its length is doubled
(b) The mass of the bob is doubled
(c) Its length is made four times

59
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
(d) The mass of the bob and the length of the pendulum are doubled
Solution : (c)
176. A simple pendulum is executing S.H.M. with a time period T. if the length of the pendulum is
increased by 21% the percentage increase in the time period of the pendulum is
(a) 10% (b) 21% (c) 30% (d) 50%
T2 l2
Solution : (a) As T  l    1 .21  T2  1.1 T  T  10 %T .
T1 l1

177. A spring of force constant k is cut into two pieces such that one pieces is double the length of
the other. Then the long piece will have a force constant of
(a) 2 / 3k (b) 3 / 2k (c) 3k (d) 6 k
(n  1)k 3
Solution : (b) If l1  nl2 then k1   k [As n = 2]
n 2
178. Two bodies M and N of equal masses are suspended from two separate mass less springs of
force constants k1 and k 2 respectively. If the two bodies oscillate vertically such that their
maximum velocities are equal, the ratio of the amplitude of M to that of N is
(a) k1 / k 2 (b) k1 / k 2 (c) k 2 / k1 (d) k 2 / k1

k1 k a k2
Solution : (d) Given that maximum velocities are equal a11  a2 2  a1  a2 2  1 
m m a2 k1

179. A block is placed on a friction less horizontal table. The mass of the block is m and springs of
force constant k1, k2 are attached on either side with if the block is displaced a little and left to
oscillate, then the angular frequency of oscillation will be
1/2 1/2 1/2
 k1  k 2 
1/2
 k1k 2   k 1k 2   k1 2  k 2 2 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 m   m (k 1  k2 )  1  k 2 )m 
(k  (k1  k 2 )m 
Solution : (a) Given condition match with parallel combination so k e ff  k 1  k 2 

k e ff k1  k 2
  .
m m
180. The length of a spring is l and its force constant is k when a weight w is suspended from it. Its
length increases by x. if the spring is cut into two equal parts and put in parallel and the same
weight W is suspended from them, then the extension will be
(a) 2x (b) x (c) x/2 (d) x/4
1
Solution : (d) As F  kx so x  (if F = constant)
k
If the spring of constant k is divided in to two equal parts then each parts will have a
force constant 2k.
If these two parts are put in parallel then force constant of combination will becomes
4k.

60
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
1 x2 k k x
x so,  1   x2  .
k x1 k 2 4 k 4
181. A mass m is suspended from a string of length l and force constant k. The frequency of vibration
of the mass is f1. The spring is cut in to two equal parts and the same mass is suspended from
one of the parts. The new frequency of vibration of mass is f2. Which of the following reaction
between the frequencies is correct.

(a) f1  2 f2 (b) f1  f2 (c) f1  2 f2 (d) f2  2 f1

Solution : (d) f k
If the spring is divided in to equal parts then force constant of each part will becomes
double
f2 k2
  2  f2  2 f1
f1 k1

182. Density of ice is  and that of water is  . What will be the decrease in volume when a mass M
of ice melts
M  
(a) (b)
  M

1 1 1 1 1 
(c) M    (d)   
   M   

M M
Solution: (c) Volume of ice  , volume of water  .
 

M M 1 1 
 Change in volume    M   
    

183. If two liquids of same masses but densities 1 and  2 respectively are mixed, then density of
mixture is given by
1   2 1   2
(a)   (b)  
2 2 1  2

2 1  2 1  2
(c)   (d)  
1   2 1   2

Solution: (c) If two liquid of equal masses and different densities are mixed together then density of
mixture
2 1  2

1   2

61
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
184. A solid sphere of density  ( > 1) times lighter than water is suspended in a water tank by a
string tied to its base as shown in fig. If the mass of the sphere is m then the tension in the
string is given by

 1  mg
(a)   mg (b) mg (c) (d) (  1) mg
    1

Solution: (d)Tension in spring T = upthrust – weight of sphere

 Vg  Vg  Vg  Vg (As    )
 (  1)Vg = (  1)mg .

185. An incompressible liquid flows through a horizontal tube as shown in the following fig. Then the
velocity v of the fluid is
v2 = 1.5 m/s
A

v1 = 3 m/s A

1.5 A
v

(a) 3.0 m/s (b) 1.5 m/s

(c) 1.0 m/s (d) 2.25 m/s

Solution: (c) If the liquid is incompressible then mass of liquid entering through left end, should be
equal to mass of liquid coming out from the right end.
 M  m1  m2  Av1  Av 2  1.5 A . v
 A  3  A 1.5  1.5 A . v  v  1 m / s
186. A cylinder of height 20 m is completely filled with water. The velocity of efflux of water (in m/s)
through a small hole on the side wall of the cylinder near its bottom is

(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 25.5 (d)5

Solution: (b) v  2 gh  2  10  20  20 m / s
187. A tank is filled with water up to a height H. Water is allowed to come out of a hole P in one of
the walls at a depth D below the surface of water. Express the horizontal distance x in terms of
H and D
D
(a) x  D(H  D) H

D(H  D)
(b) x  x
2

(c) x  2 D(H  D)

62
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
(d) x  4 D(H  D)

Solution: (c) Time taken by water to reach the bottom

2(H  D)
= t
g

and velocity of water coming out of hole, v  2 gD

 Horizontal distance covered x  vt

2(H  D)
= 2 gD  = 2 D(H  D)
g

188. Water is filled in a cylindrical container to a height of 3m. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of
the orifice and the beaker is 0.1. The square of the speed of the liquid coming out from the
orifice is (g = 10 m/s2)

(a) 50 m2/s2
(b) 50.5 m2/s2 3m
(c) 51 m2/s2 52.5 cm
2 2
(d) 52 m /s
Solution:
(a) Let A = cross-section of tank
a = cross-section hole
V = velocity with which level decreases
v = velocity of efflux
A

3m

B v 52.5 cm

av
From equation of continuity av  AV  V 
A
By using Bernoulli's theorem for energy per unit volume
Energy per unit volume at point A
= Energy per unit volume at point B
1 1
P  gh  V 2  P  0  v 2
2 2
2 gh 2  10  (3  0 .525 )
 v2    50 (m /sec) 2
a
2
1  (0 .1)2
1 
 A

63
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
189. A ball of radius r and density  falls freely under gravity through a distance h before entering
water. Velocity of ball does not change even on entering water. If viscosity of water is , the
value of h is given by
2 2 1   
(a) r  g
9   

2 2  1 
(b) r  g
81    h

2
2 4  1
(c) r   g
81   
2
 
(d) 2 r 4    1  g
9   

Solution: (b) Velocity of ball when it strikes the water surface v  2 gh …(i)

Terminal velocity of ball inside the water v  r 2 g

2   1  …(ii)
9 
2 r2g
Equating (i) and (ii) we get 2 gh  (  1)
9 
2
 
 h  2 r 4    1  g
81   

190. The pressure of water in a water pipe when tap is open and closed are respectively 3 × 105
Nm–2 and 3.5 × 105 Nm–2. With open tap, the velocity of water flowing is

(A) 10 ms–1 (B) 5 ms–1

(C) 20 ms–1 (D) 15 ms–1

1 2
Solution: (A) Here P =   P1  P2
2

or v2 = 2(P1 – P2)/ 

= 2 (3.5 × 105 – 3 × 105)/1000

2  0.5  105
=
1000

2  0.5  105
Or  = = 10 ms–1
1000

64
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
191. A homogeneous solid cylinder of length L (L  H / 2) . Cross-sectional area A / 5 is immersed such
that it floats with its axis vertical at the liquid-liquid interface with length L / 4 in the denser
liquid as shown in the fig. The lower density liquid is open to atmosphere having pressure P0 .
Then density D of solid is given by
5 4 d
(a) d (b) d (c) d (d)
d
4 5 5 H/2 3L/4
L

Solution: (a) Weight of cylinder = upthrust due to both liquids H/2 2d

A 3   A L
V  D  g    L   d  g      2d  g
 5 4  5 4
ALd g
   L   D  g 
A D d 5
  D  d
5  4 5 4 4

192. A wooden block, with a coin placed on its top, floats in water as shown in fig. the distance l and
h are shown there. After some time the coin falls into the water. Then
Coin

(a) l decreases and h increases

l
(b) l increases and h decreases
h
(c) Both l and h increase
(d) Both l and h decrease

Solution: (d) As the block moves up with the fall of coin, l decreases, similarly h will also decrease
because when the coin is in water, it displaces water equal to its own volume only.

193. A ball of radius r and density  falls freely under gravity through a distance h before entering
water. Velocity of ball does not change even on entering water. If viscosity of water is  , the
value of h is given by
2 2  1   2   1 
(A) gr   (B) gr 2  
9    81   
2 2
2 4   1  2g 4    1 
(C) r   g (D) r  
81    9   

Solution: (C) Here velocity of ball = 2gh, but this velocity is the same as terminal velocity

2 2    1
Given by gr  
9   

65
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
2g 2    1
Then 2gh  r  
9   

2
2    1
2
1 2g 4    1 
or h =  gr 2    = r  
9     2g 81   

194. A vessel contains oil (density = 0.8 gm/cm3) over mercury (density = 13.6 gm/cm3). A
homogeneous sphere floats with half of its volume immersed in mercury and the other half in
oil. The density of the material of the sphere in gm/cm3 is
(a) 3.3 (b) 6.4 (c) 7.2 (d) 12.8

Solution (c)
As the sphere floats in the liquid. Therefore its weight will be equal to the upthrust force on it
Weight of sphere
4
 R 3 g …(i) Oil
3
Upthrust due to oil and mercury Mercury
2 3 2
 R   oil g  R 3 Hg g …(ii)
3 3
Equating (i) and (ii)
4 2 2
R 3 g  R 3 0 .8 g  R 3  13 .6 g  2   0.8  13 .6  14 .4    7.2
3 3 3

195. A cubical block of wood 10 cm on a side floats at the interface between oil and water, as in Fig.,
with its lower face 2 cm below the interface. The density of the oil is 0.6 g cm-3. The mass of the
block is
(A) 340 g (B) 680 g (C) 80 g (D) 10 g

Solution:(B) mg = [10021 + 10080.6] g

 m = (200 + 480) g = 680 g

1 1
196. When a loaded test tube floats vertically with and of the lengths inside two liquids, then
3 4
the ratio of the densities of the liquids is
(A) 3:4 (B) 4:3

(C) 9 : 16 (D) 16 : 9

66
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
l l  l 3 3
Solution:(A) A  2g  A  2g or 1   
3 4 2 4 l 4

197. The coefficient of linear expansion of brass and steel are 1 and 2. If we take a brass rod of
length L1 and steel rod of length L2 at 0 C , their difference in length (L 2  L1 ) will remain the
o

same at any temperature if

(a)  1 L 2   2 L1 (b)  1 L22   2 L12 (c)  12 L1   22 L 2 (d)  1 L1   2 L 2
Solution : (d) Difference in lengths of rods will remain same if expansion is same in both the rods.
If expansion in first rod is l1  L1 1  and expansion in second rod is l 2  L 2 2 
then L1 1   L 2 2  L1 1  L 2 2
198. A two metre long rod is suspended with the help of two wires of equal length. One wire is of
steel and its cross-sectional area is 0.1 cm2 and another wire is of brass and its cross-sectional

Steel Brass
T1 T2
2m

area is 0.2 cm2. If a load W is suspended from the rod and stress produced in both the wires is
same then the ratio of tensions in them will be
(a) Will depend on the position of W (b) T1 / T2  2 (c) T1 / T2  1 (d)
T1 / T2  0.5
Tension
Solution : (d) Stress =  constant
Area of cross-section
T1 T T A 0 .1 1
  2  1  1    0 .5 .
A1 A2 T2 A2 0.2 2

199. Two rods of different materials having coefficients of linear expansion 1 and 2 and Young’s
modulli, Y1 and Y2 respectively are fixed between two rigid massive walls. The rods are heated
such that they undergo the same increase in temperature. There is no bending of rods. If
1 2 Y
 , then the thermal stresses developed in the two rods are equal, provided 1 is equal
2 3 Y2
to
(A) 2:3 (B) 1 : 1 (C) 3 : 2 (D) 4 : 9

Solution:(C) Thermal stress = Yt

In the given problem,

67
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
Y  cons tan t
Y1 1 3
 
Y2  2 2
200. The Young’s modulus of three materials are in the ratio 2 : 2 : 1. Three wires made of these
materials have their cross-sectional areas in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3. For a given stretching force the
elongation's in the three wires are in the ratio
(a) 1 : 2 : 3 (b) 3 : 2 : 1 (c) 5 : 4 : 3 (d) 6 : 3 : 4
FL 1
Solution : (d) l  and for a given stretching force l 
AY AY
Let three wires have young's modulus 2Y, 2Y and Y and their cross sectional areas are A,
2A and 3 A respectively.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
l1 : l 2 : l 3  : :  : :  : :  6:3:4 .
A1 Y 1 A 2 Y 2 A 3 Y 3 A  2Y 2 A  2Y 3 A  Y 2 4 3

201. Given :  is the compressibility of water,  is the density of water and K is the bulk modulus of
water. What is the energy density of water at the bottom of a lake ‘h’ metre deep ?
1 1
(A) (hg)2 (B) (hg)
2 2

1 hg hg
(C) (D)
2  

1
Solution:(A) Energy density, u  stress  strain
2

1 stress
or u stress 
2 Bulk modulus
1
or u   compressibility  (stress)2
2

202. A rod of iron of Young’s modulus Y  2.0  10 11 N / m 2 just fits the gap between two rigid
supports 1m apart. If the rod is heated through 100 o C the strain energy of the rod is (
  18  10 6 o C 1 and area of cross-section A  1 cm 2 )
(a) 32.4 J (b) 32.4 mJ (c) 26.4 J (d) 26.4 mJ
1 1
Solution : (a) U  Y  (strain) 2  volume   Y (  ) 2  A  L
2 2
 l 
 Thermal strain    
 L 

68
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
1
  (2  10 11 )  (18  10 6  100 ) 2  1  10  4  1  324  10 1 = 32.4 J.
2
203. A ball falling in a lake of depth 200 m shows 0.1% decrease in its volume at the bottom. What is
the bulk modulus of the material of the ball
(a) 19 .6  10 8 N / m 2 (b) 19.6  10 10 N / m 2 (c) 19 .6  1010 N / m 2 (d)
19 .6  10 8 N / m 2
P hdg 200  10 3  9 .8
Solution : (a) K    19 .6  10 8 N / m 2
V / V V / V 0 .001
204. A gas undergoes a change according to the law P  P0 e V . The bulk modulus of the gas is
PV
(a) P (b) PV (c) P (d)

dP
Solution : (b) P  Po e V   Po e V   P [As P  Po e V ]
dV
dP dP
V  P V   P V  K  P V
dV dV / V 
205. Radius of a soap bubble is increased from R to 2R work done in this process in terms of surface
tension is
(a) 24 R 2 S (b) 48 R 2 S (c) 12 R 2 S (d) 36 R 2 S
Solution : (a) 
W  8T R22  R12   8S [(2 R)2  (R)2 ]  24 R 2 S

206. Two small drops of mercury, each of radius R, coalesce to form a single large drop. The ratio of
the total surface energies before and after the change is
(a) 1 : 21 / 3 (b) 21 / 3 : 1 (c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 2
r2
Solution : (b) As R  n1 / 3 r  21 / 3 r  R 2  2 2 / 3 r 2  2
 22 / 3
R
Initial surface energy 2(4 r T )  r2
2 
  2 2   2  2 2 / 3 = 21/3

Final surface energy (4R T )
2
R 
207. Two soap bubbles, of radii 3 cm and 4 cm, coalesce in vacuum under isothermal conditions to
form a bigger bubble of radius R. Then R is equal to
(A) 3 cm (B) 4 cm

(C) 5 cm (D) 7 cm

Solution:(C) 2  4  32 + 2  4  42 = 2  4 R2

or R2 = 9 + 16 = 25 or R = 5 cm

69
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
208. Several spherical drops of a liquid of radius r coalesce to form a single drop of radius R. If T is
surface tension and V is volume under consideration, then the release of energy is
1 1 1 1  1 1  1 1 
(a) 3 VT    (b) 3 VT    (c) VT    (d) VT  2  2 
r R r R r R r R 
1 1 4  1 1  1 1 
Solution : (b) Energy released = 4TR 3    3 R 3 T     3 VT   
r R   3   r R  r R 

HEAT
209. A bullet splinter of mass of 10 gm moving with a speed of 400 m/s hits an ice block of mass 990
gm kept on a frictionless floor and gets stuck in it. How much ice will melt if 50% of the lost
Kinetic energy goes to ice? (Temperature of ice block = 0 degree C).
(A) 0.5 gm (B) 1.2 gm (C) 5 gm (D) 7 gm

Solution: (B) Velocity of bullet + ice block, V =

10 x400  m/s
1000
V =4 m/s
1 1
Loss of K.E. = mv 2  m  M V 2
2 2
1 1
= [0.01(400)21(4)2] = [1600  16]= (1584/2) J
2 2
 Heat generated = 1584 / 2  4.2 = 95 Cal
95 cal
 Mass of ice melted = = 1.2 gm.
80 Cal / gm
210. 3000 J of heat is given to a gas at constant pressure of 2  105 N/m2. If its volume increases by
10 litres during the process find the change in the internal energy of the gas
(A) 50 J (B) 100 J (C) 200 J (D) 1000 J

Solution: Q = 3000 J

W = P  V = (2105 N/m2) (10 10-3m3)

= 2  103 J

U = Q – W = 3000  2000= 1000 J.

211. A steel wire of cross-sectional area 0.5 mm2 is held between two rigid clamps so that it is just
o o
taut at 20 C . Find the tension in the wire at 0 C . Given that Young’s modulus of steel is Yst =
2.1  1012 dynes / cm2 and coefficient of linear expansion of steel is  st  1.1 105 C .
(A) 2.31  10–4 (B) 2.31  10–2

70
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
(C) 9.31  10–6 (D) 2.31  10–6

Solution: (D) We know that due to drop in temperature, then tension increment in a clamped
wire is

T = YA T = 2.1 1012  0.5  10–2  1.1  10–5  20 = 2.31  10–6

212. What will be the final temperature if 50 g of water at 0C is added to 250 g of water at 90C?
(A) 15C (B) 30C

(C) 45C (D) 75C

Solution: (D) Heat gained = heat lost. (We assume no hat transfer to or from container.)

(50 g)(1.00 cal/g  C)(t – 0C) = (250 g)(1.00 cal/g  C)(90C – t)

where t is the final equilibrium temperature.

213. 540 g of ice at 0 C is mixed with 540 g of water at 80 C. The final temperature of the mixture
in C is

(a) 0 (b) 40 (c) 80 (d) 25

Solution:

The possible quantity of heat that will be released by 540g of water at 80oC cooling down to 0oC,
is 540 x 1 x 80 = 540 x 80 cal. To melt 540 g of ice at 0oC heat required = 540 x 80 cal. Hence the
mixture will remain as water at 0oC.

 (a)

214. If the temperature of a radiating body increases by 50%, the increase in its radiation is

(a) 50% (b) 100% (c) 200% (d) 400%

Solution:

E = T 4

T becomes 1.5 T.

 E    (1.5T ) 4  T 4 x (1.5) 4  5.06T 4

i.e., E  - E = 4.06 = 406%

 increase in radiation is about 400%

71
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
215. If a body takes 6 minutes to cool from 80°C to 70°C, how long will it take to cool from 60°C to
50°C, if the surrounding temperature is 25°C?

(a) 6 min (b) 8 min (c) 10.min (d) 12 min

Solution:

As per Newton’s law of cooling,

80  70
 25 Rate of cooling R1
2
60  50
 25 Rate of cooling R2
2
R1  50; R2  30
R1 5

R2 3
1
But time of cooling is proportional to
R
R1 t 2 5 5 5
   (i .e., )t 2  t 1 = x6
R2 t1 3 3 3
= 10 min
 (c)
216. The efficiency of a Carnot cycle is 1/6. If on reducing the temperature of the sink by 650C, the
efficiency becomes 1/3, find the initial and final temperatures between which the cycle is
working.
(A) T1 = 390 K and T2 = 325 K (B) T1 = 325 K and T2 = 395 K

(C) T1 = 390 K and T2 = 425 K (D) None

1 1
Solution: Given 1 = , 2 =
6 3

If the temperatures of the source and the sink between which the cycle is working are T1
and T2, then the efficiency in the first case will be
T 1
1 = 1 - 2 =
T1 6
T  65 1
In the second case 2 = 1  2 =
T1 3
Solving T1 = 390 K and T2 = 325 K.
So Option (A)

72
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
217. During an experiment an ideal gas is found to obey an additional law VP 2 = constant. The gas is
initially at temp T and volume V. What will be the temperature of the gas when it expands to a
volume 2V?

(A) T   4T (B) T   2 T

(C) T   5T (D) T   6T

Solution: (b)

According to the given problems

VP2 = constant

From the gas law

PV = nRT
 k 
  V  nRT
 V
 nR 
 V  T
 K 
V1  T1  V T
   , i.e, 
V2  T2  2V T 
 T  2 T
218. A vessel contains a mixture of 7 gm of nitrogen and 11 gm of carbon dioxide at temperature T =
290 K. If pressure of the mixture P = 1 atm, calculate its density (R = 8.31 J/mol k)

(A) 2.5 kg/m3 (B) 1.5 kg/m3

(C) 4.5 kg/m3 (D) 7.5 kg/m3

Ans. (b)

m
Solution: As molecular weight of N2 and CO2 are 28 and 44, and n  ,
M
7 1 11
nN   and nC   1/ 4
28 4 44
1 1 1
So, n  nN  nC   
4 4 2

Now, according to gas law PV = nRT

nRT  1  8.31 290

V =   1.19  10 2 m 3
 2  1.01 10
5
P

73
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI

and m = 7+11 = 18 gm = 18  10-3 kg

m 18  10 3 kg
so,  =   1.5kg / m3
V 1.19  10 2 m3

219. The latent heat of vaporization of water is 2240 J. If the work done in the process of
vaporization of 1 gm is 168 J, then increase in internal energy is

(A) 2408 J (B) 2240 J (C) 2072 J (D) 1904 J

Solution: L = 2240 J, m = 1 gm

dW = 168 J

dQ = mL = dU + dW

or 1 2240  dU  168

dU = 2072 J

Hence, (C) is correct

220. For a gas, Ƴ = 1.286. What is the number of degrees of freedom of the molecules of this gas?

(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7

2 2 2
Solution: (D) 1   1.286 or  0.286 or 7
n n 0.286

221. The molar heat capacity in a process of a diatomic gas if it does a work of Q/4, when Q amount
of heat is supplied to it is

2 5
(A) R (B) R
5 2

10 6
(C) R (D) R
3 7

Ans. (C)

5  2dU
Solution: dU = CV dT =  R dT  dT 
2  5R

Q 3Q
From 1st law of thermodynamics dU = dQ – dW or dU = Q  
4 4

74
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
dQ Q 5QR 10
Now molar heat capacity C     R
dT  dU   3Q  3
2  2 
 5R   4 

Hence (C) is correct

222. Molar specific heat at constant pressure for a diatomic gas is

5 7 3
(a) R (b) R (c) 4 R (d) R
2 2 2

Solution: (b)

223. A closed vessel is initially evacuated and then a vapour is injected into it at a uniform rate. The
pressure in the vessel

(a) first increases and then decreases (b) increases continuously

(c) first increases and then becomes constant (d) first decreases and then increases continuously

Solution:

As the vapour is injected, the pressure gradually increases till it reaches the saturation value.
Subsequently excess vapour condenses and the pressure remains at saturation vapour pressure.

 (c)

224. A monatomic gas initially at 17C is suddenly compressed to one eighth of its original volume.
The temperature after compression is

(a) 887 K (b) 36.25 K (c) 2320 K (d) 1160 K

Solution:

Sudden compression is adiabatic for which T1V1 1T2V2 1

 1 2
V 
 T2 = T1  1  = 290  8 3 = 290  4 = 1160 K
 V2 
 (d)

75
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
225. A gas is taken through a cyclic process ABCA as
v (cm3)
shown in the Figure. If 3.6 calories of heat is given in
the process, one calorie is equivalent to C
850
(a) 4.20 J (b) 4.19 J
650 B
A
(c) 4.18 J (d) 4.17 J
250 400  (kPa)

Solution:

Heat given = Work done in the process

1
=  (400 – 250)  103  (850 – 650)  10–6
2
1
=  150  200  10–3 = 15 J  3.6 cal.
2
15
 1 cal = = 4.17 J.
3 .6
 (d)
226. A quantity of oxygen (  1.4) is compressed isothermally until its pressure is doubled. It is then
allowed to expand adiabatically until its original volume is restored. The final pressure in terms
of initial pressure P1 is

(a) 1.2P1 (b) P1 (c) 0.8P1 (d) 0.5P1

Solution: (c)

For an isothermal process,

P1V1 = P2V2 = 2P1V2
V1
V2 =
2
For an adiabatic process,
P2V2  P3V3

V 
2P1 1  P3 (V1 ) 
2
P1
Final pressure, P3 = 21  P1  2(11.4) P1  = 0.8 P1.
2 0.4
227. Heat is supplied to a diatomic gas at constant pressure. The ratio of Q : U : W is

(A) 5:3:2 (B) 5:2:3

(C) 7:5:2 (D) 7:2:5

Ans. (C)

76
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
 7 
nRT  ,
7
Solution: Q  nCP dT  C P  2 R
2  

5  5 
U  nC V T  nRT , C V  2 R
2  

and W  Q  U  nRT

 Q : U : W  7 : 5 : 2

Hence, C is correct

228. Two mole of argon are mixed with one mole of hydrogen, then Cp/Cv for the mixture is nearly

(A) 1.2 (B) 1.3

(C) 1.4 (D) 1.5

Ans.(C)

Solution: Average degree of freedom

2  3  1 5 11
fav = 
23 5

1 5 16
mix = 1 + =1+ = = 1.4
f av 11 11

Hence, C is correct Answer.

229. A steel ball of mass 0.1 kg falls freely from a height of 10 m and bounces to a height of 5.4m from
the ground. If the dissipated energy in this process is absorbed by the ball, the rise in its
temperature is
(Specific heat of steel  460 Joule  kg 1 C 1 , g  10 ms 2 )

(a) 0.01°C (b) 0.1°C

(c) 1°C (d) 1.1°C

Solution: (b)

According to energy conservation, change in potential energy of the ball, appears in the form of
heat which raises the temperature of the ball.

77
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
i.e. mg(h1  h2 )  m.c.
g(h1  h2 ) h1
  
c h2

10 (10  5 . 4 )
  0 . 1 C
460
230. 1gm of ice at 0°C is mixed with 1gm of water at 100°C the resulting temperature will be
(a) 5°C (b) 0°C
(c) 10°C (d) 
Li 80
w  100 
CW
Solution: (c)  mix   1  10 C
2 2
231. The amount of heat required to change 1 gm (0°C) of ice into water of 100°C, is
(a) 716 cal (b) 500 cal (c)180 cal (d) 100 cal

Solution : (c)Ice (0°C) converts into water (100°C) in following two steps.

ice
(Q1 = mLi) (Q2 = mcW)
0°C
Water at 0°C Water at 100°C

Total heat required

Q  Q1  Q2  1  80  1  1  (100  0)  180 cal

232. A faulty thermometer has its lower fixed point marked as 10 C and upper fixed point marked as
110° and upper fixed point marked as 110°. If the temperature of the body shown in this scale is
62°, the temperature shown on the Celsius scale is
(a) 72° C (b) 82° C
(c) 60° C (d) 42° C
X L C 62  (10 ) C
Solution : (c)    (C = 60°C)
U  L 100 110  (10 ) 100
233. Two holes of unequal diameters d1 and d2 (d1  d 2 ) are cut in a metal sheet. If the sheet is heated

(a) Both d1 and d2 will decrease d2

(b) Both d1 and d2 will increase
d1
(c) d1 will increase, d2 will decrease
(d) d1 will decrease, d2 will increase

Solution: (b) If the sheet is heated then both d1 and d2 will increase since the thermal expansion of
isotropic solid is similar to true photographic enlargement.

78
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI

234. A steel meter scale is to be ruled so that millimeter intervals are accurate within about 5  10–5
mm at a certain temperature. The maximum temperature variation allowable during the ruling is
(Coefficient of linear expansion of steel  10  10 6 K 1 )
(a) 2°C (b) 5°C
(c) 7°C (d) 10°C
Solution: (b)
L L 5  10 5
As we know        5C
L0   L0 10  10 6  1
235. Suppose ideal gas equation follows VP 3 = constant. Initial temperature and volume of the gas are T
and V respectively. If gas expand to 27V then its temperature will be come
(a) T (b) 9T
(c) 27 T (d) T / 9

k
Solution: (b) VP 3 = constant = k  P  1/3
V
k RT
Also PV  RT  .V  RT  V2/3 
V1 / 3 k
2/3
 
2/3
 
V T1 V  T
Hence  1      T2  9 T
 V2  T2  27 V  T2

236. One mole of a monoatomic ideal gas is mixed with one mole of a diatomic ideal gas. The molar
specific heat of the mixture at constant volume is
3
(a) 8 (b) R
2
(c) 2R (d) 2.5 R

Solution (c)
3 5
1CV1   2 CV2 1 R 1 R
(C V )mix   2 2  2R
1   2 1 1

 3 5 
 (CV )mono  R, (CV )di  R 
 2 2 

237. When the temperature of a gas is raised from 27°C to 90°C, the percentage increase in the r.m.s.
velocity of the molecules will be
(a) 10% (b) 15%
(c) 20% (d) 17.5%

Solution: (a)

79
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
3 RT v2 T2 (273  90 )
vrms      1 .1
M v1 T1 (273  30 )

v 
% increase   2  1   100  0.1  100  10 %
 v1 
238. Two spherical vessel of equal volume, are connected by a n arrow tube. The apparatus contains an
ideal gas at one atmosphere and 300K. Now if one vessel is immersed in a bath of constant
temperature 600K and the other in a bath of constant temperature 300K. Then the common
pressure will be
(a) 1 atm

4
(b) atm
5 A B

4
(c) atm
3

3
(d) atm
4

SOLUTION: (c)   1   2

P(2 V ) P v P V 2P P   T2  T1 
     
R T1 R T1 R T2 R T1 R  T1 T2 
2 P T2 2  1  600 4
P    atm
(T1  T2 ) (300  600 ) 3

239. The r.m.s. velocity of a gas at a certain temperature is 2 times than that of the oxygen molecules
at that temperature. The gas can be
(a) H 2 (b) He
(c) CH 4 (d) SO 2
1 v1 M2
SOLUTION: (c) v rms   
M v2 M1

1 M2
   M 2  16 . Hence the gas is CH 4 .
2 32

240. Pressure versus temperature graphs of an ideal gas are as shown in figure. Choose the wrong
statement
P P P

T T T
(i) (ii) (iii)

80
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
(a) Density of gas is increasing in graph (i)
(b) Density of gas is decreasing in graph (ii)
(c) Density of gas is constant in graph (iii)
(d) None of these

Solution: (c)
PM

RT
Density  remains constant when P/T or volume remains constant.
In graph (i) Pressure is increasing at constant temperature hence volume is decreasing so
density is increasing. Graphs (ii) and (iii) volume is increasing hence, density is decreasing. Note
that volume would had been constant in case the straight line in graph (iii) had passed through
origin.
CP
241. The ratio of two specific heats of CO is
CV

(a) 1.33 (b) 1.40

(c) 1.29 (d) 1.66

Solution:

(c) CO is diatomic gas, for diatomic gas

7 5 CP 7 R / 2
CP  R and C V  R   di    1 .4
2 2 CV 5 R / 2

242. One mole of an ideal monatomic gas requires 210 J heat to raise the temperature by 10 K, when
heated at constant temperature. If the same gas is heated at constant volume to raise the
temperature by 10 K then heat required is

(a) 238 J (b) 126 J (c) 210 J (d) 350 J

Solution: (b)
(Q)P  CP T and (Q)V  CV T

3
R
(Q)V CV 3  3 5 
   2  (CV )mono  2 R, (C P )mono  2 R 
(Q)P C P 5
R 5  
2
3 3
 (Q)V   (Q)P   210  126 J
5 5

243. A cylinder contains 10 kg of gas at pressure of 10 7 N / m 2 . The quantity of gas taken out of the
cylinder, if final pressure is 2 . 5  10 N / m ,
6 2
will be (Temperature of gas is constant)

81
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI

(a) 15.2 kg (b)3.7 kg (c) Zero (d) 7.5 kg

SOLUTION: (d)
PV  mrT  P  m [  V, r, T  constant]
m1 P 10 10 7
  1  =  m2 = 2.5 kg.
m2 P2 m2 2 . 5  10 6

Hence mass of the gas taken out of the cylinder

 10  2 .5  7 .5 kg.

244. Certain amount of an ideal gas are contained in a closed vessel. The vessel is moving with a
constant velocity v. The molecular mass of gas is M. The rise in temperature of the gas when the
vessel is suddenly stopped is (  CP / CV )
Mv 2 Mv 2 (  1) Mv 2 Mv 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 R(  1) 2R 2 R(  1) 2 R(  1)
SOLUTION: (b)
1
If m is the total mass of the gas then its kinetic energy  mv 2
2
When the vessel is suddenly stopped then total kinetic energy will increase the temperature of
1 m R
the gas. Hence mv 2   Cv T  Cv T [As Cv  ]
2 M  1
m R 1 Mv 2 (  1)
 T  mv 2  T  .
M  1 2 2R

245. Air is filled at 60°C in a vessel of open mouth. The vessel is heated to a temperature T so that 1/4th
part of air escapes. Assuming the volume of the vessel remaining constant, the value of T is

(a) 80°C (b) 444°C

(c) 333°C (d) 171°C

SOLUTION: (d)
For open mouth vessel, pressure is constant.
Volume is also given constant
Hence from PV  RT    RT  T   1  2
m 1 T m
M m T2 m1
1 3 (273  60 ) 3 / 4 m 1
 th part escapes, so remaining mass in the vessel m 2  m 1  
4 4 T m1

 T  444 K = 171°C
246. A partition divides a container having insulated walls into two compartments I and II. the same gas
fills the two compartments. The ratio of the number of molecules in compartments I and II is
(a) 1 : 6
(b) 6 : 1 P, V, T 2P, 2V,
(c) 4 : 1 T
I II
82
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
(d) 1 : 4
PV (2 P )(2 V ) PV n 1
SOLUTION: (d) n Now, n'  4  4n or 
kT kT kT n' 4

CP
247. Considering the gases to be ideal, the value of   for a gaseous mixture consisting of = 3
CV
moles of carbon dioxide and 2 moles of oxygen will be ( O2  1.4,  CO 2  1.3)

(a) 1.37 (b) 1.33 (c) 1.55(d) 1.63

1 1   3  1 .3 2  1 .4
 2 2 
 1  1  2  1 (1 .3  1) (1 .4  1)
SOLUTION: (b)  mix    1 .33
1 2 3 2
 
 1  1  2  1 (1 .3  1) (1 .4  1)
248. The P-V diagram of 2 gm of helium gas for a certain process A  B is shown in the figure. what is
the heat given to the gas during the process A  B
(a) 4 Po Vo
P
(b) 6 Po Vo 2P0
B

(c) 4.5 Po Vo
P0
(d) 2 Po Vo A

V0 2V0 V

SOLUTION: (b) Change in internal energy from A  B is

f f
U  R T  (Pf V f  Pi Vi )
2 2
3 9
 (2 P0  2 V0  P0  V0 )  P0 V0
2 2
Work done in process A  B is equal to the Area covered by the graph with volume axis i.e.,
1 3
W AB  (P0  2 P0 )  (2 V0  V0 )  P0 V0
2 2
9 3
Hence, Q  U  W  P0 V0  P0 V0  6 P0 V0
2 2
249. A certain mass of gas at 273 K is expanded to 81 times its volume under adiabatic condition. If
  1 . 25 for the gas, then its final temperature is
(a) – 235°C (b) – 182°C
(c) – 91°C (d) 0°C

SOLUTION: (b) For adiabatic process TV   1 = constant

 1  1
T2  V1  V 
    T2   1   T1
T1  V2 
  V2



83
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
1.25 1 0.25
 T2     1 
1
 273     273
 81   81 
273
  91 K  –182°C
3
250. In an adiabatic process 90J of work is done on the gas. The change in internal energy of the gas is
(a) – 90 J (b) +90 J
(c) 0 J (d) Depends on initial temperature

SOLUTION: (b) For adiabatic process Q  0

From Q  U  W  0  U  90  U  90 J
251. If a Carnot’s engine functions at source temperature 127°C and at sink temperature 87°C, what is
its efficiency

(a) 10% (b) 25% (c) 40% (d) 50%

T1  T2 (127  273 )  (87  273 )

SOLUTION: (d)   
T1 (127  273 )
400  360
  0.1  10 %
400

252. In the case of diatomic gas, the heat given at constant pressure is that part of energy which is used
for the expansion of gas, is
2 3
(a) (b)
5 7
2 5
(c) (d)
7 7

SOLUTION: (c) W  energy used for expansion  PdV  RdT

Q  heat supplied to diatomic gas at constant P
7 7 W RdT 2
 C p dT  RdT ( C p  R)   
2 2 Q 7 7
RdT
2
253. An ideal monoatomic gas is taken round the cycle ABCDA shown in the PV diagram in the given fig.
The work done during the cycle is
1
(a) PV P
2
A B
(b) 2 PV (P,2V) (2P,2V)

(c) PV
(d) Zero (PV) (P,2V)
D C
V

84
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
SOLUTION: (c)

254. A tyre filled with air (27 o C, and 2 atm) bursts, then what is temperature of air (  1 .5)

(a)  33 Co
(b) 0 C (c)
o
27 C o
(d) 240 C o

 1 1 . 5 1 1
T2  P2   T2 1  1 3 1

1 .5
SOLUTION: (a)        
T1  P1  (273  27 )  2  2 2 .5

T1 (273  27 )
 T2    238 K   34 .8 C
1 .25 1 . 25
1
255. A gas expands adiabatically at constant pressure such that its temperature T  , the value of
V
CP / CV of gas is
(a) 1.30 (b) 1.50 (c) 1.67 (d) 2.00
SOLUTION: (b) TV  1
 constant  TV 1 

1

According to question T  V 2
1 3
Hence 1       1 .5
2 2
256. P-V diagram of an ideal gas is as shown in figure. Work done by the gas in process ABCD is
(a) 4 P0 V0 P
(b) 2 P0 V0
C D
2P0
(c) 3 P0 V0
P0
B A
(d) P0 V0
V
V0 2V0 3V0

SOLUTION: WAB   P0 V0 , WBC  0 and WCD  4 P0 V0

 WABCD   P0 V0  0  4 P0 V0  3 P0 V0

257. An ideal gas heat engine operates in a Carnot cycle between 27°C and 127°C. It absorbs 6 kcal at
the higher temperature. The amount of heat (in kcal) converted into work is equal to

(a) 3.5 (b) 1.6 (c) 1.2 (d) 4.8

T2
SOLUTION: (c) Efficiency of a carnot engine is given by   1 
T1
W T W (273  127 )
or 1 2  1  W  1.2 k cal
Q T1 6 (273  227 )

258. A gas expands with temperature according to the relation V  kT 2 / 3 . What is the work done when
the temperature changes by 30 o C
(a) 10 R (b) 20 R
(c) 30 R (d) 40 R

85
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI

 
RT
SOLUTION: (b) W  PdV  dV
V
2
Since V  kT 2 / 3  dV  KT 1 / 3 dT
3
dV 2 dT
Eliminating K, we find 
V 3 T
T2 2 RT 2 2
Hence W  
T1 3 T
dT  R(T2  T1 )  R(30 )  20 R
3 3

259. Volume versus temperature graph of two moles of helium gas is as shown in figure. The ratio of
heat absorbed and the work done by the gas in process 1-2 is
(a) 3 V

5 2
(b)
2
5
(c)
3 1

7
(d) T
2
SOLUTION: (b) V-T graph is a straight line passing through origin. Hence, V  T or
P  constant
 Q  nC P T and U  nC V T

Also W  Q  U   (C P  CV ) T
Q nC P T CP 1
   
W n (C P  C V ) T C P  CV C
1 V
CP
CV 3 Q 1 5
 for helium gas. Hence  
CP 5 W 1  3 / 5 2

260. Heat is supplied to a diatomic gas at constant pressure. The ratio of Q : U : W is

(a) 5 : 3 : 2 (b) 5 : 2 : 3
(c) 7 : 5 : 2 (d) 7 : 2 : 5
7  7 
SOLUTION: (c) Q  C P T  R T CP  R 
2  2 

5  5 
U  C V T  R T CV  R 
2  2 

and W  Q  U  R T

 Q : U : W  7 : 5 : 2
261. A gas undergoes a change of state during which 100 J of heat is supplied to it and it does 20 J of
work. The system is brought back to its original state through a process during which 20 J of heat is
released by the gas. The work done by the gas in the second process is
(a) 60 J (b) 40 J
(c) 80 J (d) 20 J

86
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI

SOLUTION: (a) In a cyclic process U  0   Q  W

 (100  20)  20  W2  W2  60 J

262. Three moles of an ideal gas  C P  R  at pressure PA and temperature TA is isothermally

7
 2 
expanded to twice its initial volume. It is then compressed at constant pressure to its original
volume. Finally the gas is compressed at constant volume to its original pressure PA . The correct
P-V and P-T diagrams indicating the process are
P P
A PA C
PA
(a) (b)

C A B
PA/2 B PA/2

VA 2VA V VA 2VA V

P P
A B PA A
PA
(c) (d)

B
PA/2 C PA/2 C

TA/2 TA T TA/2 TA T

SOLUTION: (a) Let the process start from initial pressure PA , volume V A and temperature TA .

P 
A(PA, VA, TA) B  A , 2VA , TA 
 2 

P T 
C  A , VA , A 
 2 2 

(i) Isothermal expansion (PV  constant) at temperature TA to twice the initial volume V A
PA
(ii) Compression at constant pressure to original volume VA (i.e. V  T)
2
(iii) Isochoric process (at volume V A ) to initial condition (i.e. P  T)
263. In a thermodynamic process pressure of a fixed mass of a gas is changed in such a manner that the
gas releases 30 joules of heat and 10 joules of work was done on the gas. If the initial internal
energy of the gas was 30 joules, then the final internal energy will be
(a) 2 J (b) – 18 J
(c) 10 J (d) 58 J

87
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
SOLUTION: (c) Q  U  W  (U f  Ui )  W

 30  (U f  30 )  10  U f  10 J

264. The internal energy of an ideal gas increases during an isothermal process when the gas is
(a) Expanded by adding more molecules to it
(b) Expanded by adding more heat to it
(c) Expanded against zero pressure
(d) Compressed by doing work on it

SOLUTION: (a) Internal energy of an ideal gas is given by

f f  N 
U RT    RT
  U  NT.
2 2  NA 

In isothermal process T = constant  U  N.

i.e. internal energy increases by increasing number of molecules (N).

265. A rod of 40 cm in length and temperature difference of 80 o C at its two ends. Another rod B of
length 60 cm and of temperature difference 90 o C , having the same area of cross-section. If the
rate of flow of heat is the same, then the ratio of their thermal conductivities will be
(a) 3 : 4 (b) 4 : 3

(c) 1 : 2 (d) 2 : 1

dQ KA( 1   2 )
SOLUTION: (a) 
dt d
K1 1 K 2  2 dQ
  ( and A are same)
l1 l2 dt
K 1  80 K  90 K 3
  2  1 
40 60 K2 4

266. In a steady state of thermal conduction, temperature of the ends A and B of a 20 cm long rod are
100 o C and 0 o C respectively. What will be the temperature of the rod at a point at a distance of 6
cm from the end A of the rod
(a)  30 o C (b) 70 o C
(c) 5o C (d) None of the above

SOLUTION: (b) In steady state, temperature gradient = constant

20 cm
6 cm

100°C 0°C
A X B

88
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
( A   x ) ( A   B )
 (100 – x)   (100  0)
6
 
6 20 20
  x  70 C
267. There are two spherical balls A and B of the same material with same surface, but the diameter of
A is half that of B. If A and B are heated to the same temperature and then allowed to cool, then
(a) Rate of cooling is same in both
(b) Rate of cooling of A is four times that of B
(c) Rate of cooling of A is twice that of B
1
(d) Rate of cooling of A is times that of B
4
A (T 4  T04 ) A  (T 4  T04 )
SOLUTION: (c) Rate of cooling RC  
mc VC
A 1 1
 RC    (m  V )
V r (Diameter)
Since diameter of A is half that of B so it's rate of cooling will be doubled that of B
268. Five identical rods are joined as shown in figure. Point A and C are maintained at temperature
120°C and 20°C respectively. The temperature of junction B will be

(a) 100°C 120°C

C
(b) 80°C A B
20°C
(c) 70°C
(d) 0°C
SOLUTION: If thermal resistance of each rod is considered R then, the given combination can be
redrawn as follows

R 2R
R
120°C R
C
A B
20°C
R R
2R

R  R
A C
120°C B 20°C
(Heat current)AC = (Heat current)AB
(120  20 ) (120   )
    70 C
R R

89
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
269. In the following figure, two insulating sheets with thermal resistances R and 3R as shown in figure.
The temperature  is
Q
(a) 20°C
20°C
(b) 60°C 3R 
(c) 75°C R 100°C
(d) 80°C Q

SOLUTION: (b)
270. The Wien’s displacement law express relation between
(a) Frequency and temperature
(b) Temperature and amplitude
(c) Wavelength and radiating power of black body
(d) Wavelength corresponding to maximum energy and temperature

SOLUTION: (d)
271. A black body is heated from 27 o C to 127 o C . The ratio of their energies of radiations emitted will
be

(a) 3: 4 (b) 9 : 16
(c) 27 : 64 (d) 81: 256
4 4
Q1 T14  273  27   300  81
SOLUTION: (d)      
Q2 T24  273  127   400  256

272. A body takes T minutes to cool from 62 o C to 61 o C when the surrounding temperature is 30 o C .
The time taken by the body to cool from 46 o C to 45 .5 o C is

(a) Greater than T minutes

(b) Equal to T minutes
(c) Less than T minutes
(d) Equal to T / 2 minutes

SOLUTION: (b) In first step

62  61  62  61  1
K  30    K [81 .5] ...(i)
T  2  T

In second step, suppose process takes T ' min then

46  45 .5  46  45 .5  0 .5
K  30   K [15 . 75 ] ...(ii)
T'  2  T'
2T '
On diving equation (i) and (ii)  2  T'  T
T

90
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
273. Water and turpentine oil (specific heat less than that of water) are both heated to same
temperature. Equal amounts of these placed in identical calorimeters are then left in air
T

A
B
t

(a) Their cooling curves will be identical

(b) A and B will represent cooling curves of water and oil respectively
(c) B and A will represent cooling curves of water and oil respectively
(d) None of the above
1
SOLUTION: (b) As we know, Rate of cooling 
specific heat(c)

 coil  c Water
 (Rate of cooling )oil  (Rate of cooling )Water
T
TB < TA

A
B
t

It is clear that, at a particular time after start cooling, temperature of oil will be less than that of
water.

So graph B represents the cooling curve of oil and A represents the cooling curve of

274. When an ideal monatomic gas is heated at constant pressure, the fraction of heat energy supplied
which increases the internal energy of the gas is

(A) 2/5 (B) 3/5

(C) 3/7 (D) 3/4

nRT
Solution: (B) U 
 1

w
U 
 1
 w  nRT 

Q  U

 1
 Q  W  U 

91
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
U (   1)  Q  U
U    1  1  Q

U 1 3
  [for monoatomic gas  = 5/3 ]
Q  5

275. An ideal mono atomic gas at 300K expands adiabatically to twice its volume. What is the fine
temperature

(A) 189K (B) 289K

(C) 30K (D) None of these

1
Solution: (A) TV  constant
1
TV
1 1  T2V2 1
300 V11  T2  2V1 
1

300  T2  21

300 300 300 300

T2  1
 5 / 3 1  2 / 3   189K
2 2 2 1.587

276. 3 moles of an ideal monoatmic gas performs a cycle as shown in the fig. The gas temperatures T1
= 400K, T2 = 800K, T3 = 2400K, T4 = 1200K. What will be the net work done.

P
B C

A D

(A) 20J (B) 20000J

(C) 200J (D) 2000J

Solution: (B) WAB = CCD = 0, because process is isochoric.

WAD = nRT = 3R(TA – TB) = 3  8.31 (2400 – 800) = 39884

 Total work done WAD + WBC = 39888 – 19944 = 20  103J = 19944

92
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
 20  103J

277. How much heat is absorbed by the system in going through the process shown in the fig. (consider
that value is taken in SI system)

900
P

100
800 400
V

(A) 20.4104 J (B) 30.4104 J

(C) 21.4104 J (D) 25.12104 J

Solution: (D) Work done = Area of PV diagram


=  P2  P1 V2  V1 
4


=  800  400
4

= 800  100  3.14

= 8  104  3.14

= 25.12  104

278. A mono atomic gas is supplied heat Q very slowly keeping the pressure constant. The work done
by the gas is

(A) 2/5 Q (B) 3/5 Q

(C) Q /5 (D) 2/3 Q

U 1 Q
Solution:(D) For monatomic gas  or U 
Q 3 3

From the first law of thermodynamics

Q = U + W

93
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
2
 W  Q
3

279. An ideal gas goes through cyclic process ABC and following (P vs T) curve is obtained. This process
can be represented by

A C

B B

P P

A C A C

V V

(A) (B)

B
B
P
P

A C
A C

V V

(C) (D)

1
Solution:(B) Process A to B isothermal. Then P  . Process B  C is isobaric and C  A adiabatic.
V
Slope of adiabatic > slope of isothermal.

280. Some water at 0C is placed in a large insulated enclosure (vessel). The water vapour formed is
pumped out continuously. What fraction of the water will ultimately freeze, if the latent heat
vaporization is seven times the latent heat of fusion?

94
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
(A) 7/8 (B) 8/7 (C) 3/8 (D) 5/8

Solution: (A) m = mass of water, f = fraction which freezes

L1 = latent heat of vaporization

L2 = latent heat of fusion  L1 = 7L2

Mass of water frozen = mf

Heat lost by freezing water = m fL2

Mass of vapour formed = m(1 - f)

Heat gained by vapour = m (1 – f) L1

mfL2 = m (1 - f) x 7L2

f = 7 – 7f or f = 7/8

281. A substance is in the solid form at 0C. The amount of heat added to this substance and its
temperature are plotted in the following graph. If the relative specific heat capacity of the solid
substance is 0.5, find from the graph, the mass of the substance is
(Specific heat capacity of water = 1000 cal kg-1 K-1 )

(A) 0.02 kg (B) 2 kg

(C) 0.04 kg (D) 0.05 kg

Solution :

(A) 800 calories of heat raise the temperature of the substance from 0C to
80C.

 800 = m (1000  0.5 )  80

( specific heat = relative sp. heat x sp. heat of water)

or m = 0.02 kg

50t = 22500 – 250t

or 300t = 22500

t = 75C

282. Two bodies A and B have thermal emissivities of 0.01 and 0.81 respectively. The outer surface
areas of the two bodies are same. The two bodies emit total radiant power at the same rate. The

95
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
wavelength B corresponding to maximum spectral radiancy in the radiation from B is shifted from
the wavelength corresponding to maximum spectral radiancy in the radiation from A by 1.00 m.
If the temperature of A is 5802 K, calculate (a) the temperature of B and (b) wavelength B.

(A) 2000K, 1.6  m (B) 3000K, 1.8  m

(C) 1934K, 1.5  m (D) 4000K, 1.9  m

Solution : (C) According to stefan’s law the power radiated by a body is given by

P  eAT 4

According to the given problem, PA  PB , with A A  A B

So that e A TA  e B TB
4 4

i.e, 0.01 5802   0.81TB 

4 4

 1
or TB   5802   1934K
3

(b) According to Wien’s displacement law.

 A TA   B TB ; i.e,  B  5802 / 1934  A

i.e,  B  3 A and also B - A = 1m (given)

 1
so  B    B  1m
3

i.e.  B  1.5m

283. Three identical rods A,B and C of equal lengths and equal diameters are joined is series as shown in
following fig. Their thermal conductivities are 2K,K and K/2 respectively. Calculate the temperature
at two junction points.
T1 T2
100C A B C 0C
2K 0.5K

(A) 85.7, 57.1C (B) 80.85, 50.3C

(C) 77.33, 48.3C (D) 75.8,49.3C

Solution: (A)

96
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
ith 1 = ith 2 = ith 3

(100  T1 )2KA (T1  T2 )KA (T2  0)KA

 
l l 2l

T2 3T2
(100 – T1) = (T1 – T2) = T1 =
2 2

T1
(100 – T1) = 3

600 2T1 2  85.7

T1 = = 85.7C and T2 =  = 57.1C
7 3 3

284. Three rods made of the same material ane having the same cross-section have been joined as
shown in. Each rod is of the same length. The left and right ends are kept at 0C and 90C
respectively. The temperature of the junction of the three rods
(A) 45C (B) 60C

(C) 30C (D) 20C

Solution: I=I1+I2 90C

I1
kA(90  T) (90  t)kA (t  0)kA
 
I
0 TC
l l l I2

90C
or 3T = 180C or T = 60C

285. Two metal rods A and B of equal lengths and equal cross-sectional areas are joined end-to-end.
The coefficients of thermal conductivities of A and B are in the ratio 2 : 3. When the free end of A
is maintained at 100°C and the free end of B is maintained at 0°C, the temperature of the junction
is
(a) 30°C (b) 40°C (c) 50°C (d) 60°C

Solution:

Let the temperature of the junction be ‘t ’. A B

Under thermal equilibrium,

100°C t°C 0°C
 
K A (100  t )  K B (t  0 )

 2 (100° – t ) = 3 (t)

97
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
 t = 40°C

 (b)

286. The volume V versus temperature T graphs for a certain amount of a

P2
perfect gas at two pressures P1 and P2 are shown in the figure. Here
P1
(A) P1 < P2 (C) P1 = P2 V

(B) P1 > P2 (D) can’t be

O T

m
Solution: For a perfect gas, PV  RT
M

mR
 v RT
PM

mR
So, the slope of the graph is
PM

1
Slope 
P

Hence P1 > P2

Hence, (C) is correct

287. At room temperature the rms speed of the molecules of a certain diatomic gas is found to be 1930
m/s. The gas is

(A) H 2 (B) F2 (C) O2 (D) Cl 2

SOLUTION:

3RT
Vrms 
M
3RT 3 x8.31x300
 M 2
 2
 2.0078 x10  3 kg  2.00 gm
Vrms (1930 )

It is molecular weight of hydrogen (H 2 ) .

288. An ideal gas ( = 1.5) is expanded adiabatically. How many times has the gas to be expanded to
reduce the root mean square velocity of molecules 2.0 times

98
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
(A) 4 times (B) 16 times

(C) 8 times (D) 2 times

Ans. (B)

289. Two mole of argon are mixed with one mole of hydrogen, then Cp/Cv for the mixture is nearly

(A) 1.2 (B) 1.3

(C) 1.4 (D) 1.5

Ans.(C)

Solution: Average degree of freedom

2  3  1 5 11
fav = 
23 5

1 5 16
mix = 1 + =1+ = = 1.4
f av 11 11

Hence, C is correct Answer.

290. What will be P-V graph corresponding to the P-T graph (process AB) for an ideal gas shown in
figure

B C

A D

(A) Hyperbolic (B) Circle

(C) Straight line (D) Elliptical

Solution: (A)

291. Starting with the same initial conditions, an ideal gas expands from volume V1 to V2 in three
different ways. The work done by the gas is W1 if the process is purely isothermal, W2 if purely
isobaric and W3 if purely adiabatic. Then

99
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
(A) W2 > W1 >W3 (B) W2 > W3 >W1

(C) W1 > W2 >W3 (D) W1 > W3 >W2

Solution: (A)

Isobaric

P
Isothermal
Adiabatic

292. One mole of argon is heated using PV5/2 = const. By which amount of heat is obtained by the
process when the temperature change by T = -26K.

(A) 100J (B) 200J

(C) 108J (D) 208J

Solution: (C) Here n = 1

R R
C= 
  1 1 x
For polytropic process 

R R
C= 
5 / 3 1  3 
1 2 
 

3 
Q  nC T  1 R  2R   26   108J
2 

293. 3000J of heat is given to a gas at constant pressure of 2105 N/m2. If its volume increases by 10
litres during the process, what will be the change in the internal energy of the gas

(A) 1000J (B) 100J

(C) 200J (D) 2000J

Solution: (A) Q  3000J

P = 2  105 = Vi

Vf = (Vi + 10  10–3)

100
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
W = Pdv

W = 2  105  10  10-3 = 2  103

Q  W  U

3000 = 2  103 + U

Q  1000

294. A gas at atmospheric pressure is contained in a cylinder of volume80 litre. When it is compressed
adiabatically to 20 litre its pressure rises to 7 atm. What will be the ratio of specific heats of the gas

(A) 1.33 (B) 1.4

(C) 1.67 (D) 1.5

Solution: (B) Pi = 1atm = 1  105 N/m2

Vi = 80  10 – 3m3

Vf = 20  10–3 m3

Pf = 7atm = 7  105 N/m2

PiVi = PfVf

1  105  (80  10–3)  =(7  105)(20  10–3) 


 80  103 
 3 
7
 20  10 

 4

7

 log 4  log7
log7
  1.40
log 4

295. Which of the following is false?

(A) Enthalpy is a path function. (B) Work is a path function.

(C) Heat is a path function. (D) Energy is a state function

Solution: (C)

101
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
296. A gas mixture consists of 32 gram of oxygen and 36 gram of Ar at a temperature T. Neglecting all
vibration modes, the total internal energy of the system is

(A) 4RT (B) 8RT (C) 9RT (D) 11RT

F 5 3
Solution: (D) Energy = n RT  2  RT  4  RT  11RT
2 2 2

297. Which of the following parameters does not characterise the thermodynamic state of matter

(A) Work (B) Pressure

(C) Temperature (D) Volume

Solution: (A) Work

298. Which of the following is correct

(A) For an isothermal change PV = constant

(B) For a isothermal process, the change in internal energy must be equal to the work done


P V 
(C) For an adiabatic change 2   2  , where  is the ratio of the two specific heats
P1  V1 

(D) In an adiabatic process external work done must be equal to the heat entering the system

Solution: (A)

299. If an ideal gas is allowed to expand adiabatically, the work done is equal to
(A) The loss in heat (B) The loss in internal energy
(C) The gain in internal energy (D) The gain in enthalpy
Solution: (B)

300. Specific heat of a gas undergoing adiabatic changes is

(A) zero (B) infinite

(C) positive (D) negative

Solution: (B)

301. The internal energy of the system remains constant when it undergoes

(A) a cyclic process (B) an adiabatic process

(C) an isothermal process (D) an isobaric process

102
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
Solution: (C)

302. The first law of thermodynamics incorporates the concepts of

(A) conservation of energy

(B) conservation of heat

(C) conservation of work

(D) equivalence of heat and work

Solution: (D)

303. Three identical rods A,B and C of equal lengths and equal diameters are joined is series as shown in
following fig. Their thermal conductivities are 2K,K and K/2 respectively. Calculate the temperature
at two junction points.
T1 T2
100C A B C 0C
2K 0.5K

(A) 85.7, 57.1C (B) 80.85, 50.3C

(C) 77.33, 48.3C (D) 75.8,49.3C

Solution: (A)

ith 1 = ith 2 = ith 3

(100  T1 )2KA (T1  T2 )KA (T2  0)KA
 
l l 2l
T2 3T2
(100 – T1) = (T1 – T2) = T1 =
2 2
T1
(100 – T1) =
3
600 2T1 2  85.7
T1 = = 85.7C and T2 =  = 57.1C
7 3 3
304. An electric heater supplies 1.8 kW of power in the form of heat to a tank of water. How long will it
take to heat the 200 kg of water in the tank from 10 to 70C? Assume heat losses to the
surroundings to be negligible.
(A) 1.75 h (B) 7.75 h

(C) 4.75 h (D) 5.75 h

Solution: (B) The heat added is (1.8 kJ/s)t and the heat absorbed is

103
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
cm T = (4.184 kJ/kg  K) (200 kg)(60 K) = 5.0  104 kJ

Equating heats, t = 2.78  104 s = 7.75 h.

WAVE MOTION
305. The displacement of a particle is given by x = 3 sin (5  t) + 4 cos (5  t ) The amplitude of particle is
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 7
Solution : (c) Standard equation : x = a sin  t + b cos  t


x  a 2  b 2 sin  t  tan 1 b / a  
Given equation x  3 sin 5 t   4 cos(5 t)

x  9  16 sin 5  t  tan 1
4 /3 
x  5 sin( 5 t  tan 1 (4 / 3))
306. The path difference between the two waves
 2 x   2x 
y1  a1 sin   t   and y 2  a 2 cos   t     is
     
    2   2
(a)  (b)    (c)    (d)  
2 2  2   2 
 2x   2x 
Solution : (b) y1  a1 sin   t   ; y 2  a2 sin  t    
     2

 2x   2x   
Phase difference =   t       t      
  2     2
   
Path difference = × Phase difference    
2 2  2

 x
307. A transverse wave is described by the equation Y  y 0 sin 2   ft   The maximum particle
 
velocity is four times the wave velocity if
y 0 y 0
(a)   (b)   (c)    y 0 (d)   2y 0
4 2
Solution : (b) Maximum particle velocity = 4 wave velocity
A = 4 f 
y0 2  f  4 f
y 0

2
308. A plane wave is represented by x = 1.2 sin (314 t + 12.56 y) where x and y are distances measured
along in x and y direction in meter and t is time in seconds. This wave has

104
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
(a) A wave length of 0.25 m and travels m + ve x-direction
(b) A wavelength of 0.25 m and travels in + ve y-direction
(c) A wavelength of 0.5 m and travels in – ve y-direction
(d) A wavelength of 0.5 m and travels in – ve x-direction
Solution : (c) From given equation k = 12.56
2
 0.5 m direction = – y
k
309. A wave is reflected from a rigid support. The change in phase on reflection will be
(a)  / 4 (b)  / 2 (c)  (d) 2
Solution : (c)
 
310. The equation of displacement of two waves are given as y1 = 10 sin  3  t  ; y2 = 5
 3
[sin 3  t  3 cos 3 t]

Then what is the ratio of their amplitudes

(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1 (c)1 : 1 (d) None of these
   
Solution : (c) y2 = 5 [sin 3  t  3 cos 3  t] = 5 1  3 sin  3 t   = 10 sin  3  t  
 3  3
So, A1 = 10 and A2 = 10

 
311. A wave disturbance in a medium is described by y(x, t) = 0.02 cos  50  t +
2 
cos(10x) where x

and y are in metre and t is in second:
(A) A node occurs at x = 0.15 m (B) An antinode occurs at x = 0.3m

(C) The speed wave is 5 ms-1 (D) The wave length is 0.3 m

Solution: (C)

Comparing it with y(x, t) = A cos(t + /2)cos kx.

If kx = /2, a node occurs; 10x = /2  x = 0.05m

If kx = , an antinode occurs  10x = x  x = 0.1 m

50
Also speed of wave = /k =  5m / s and  = 2/k = 2/10= 0.2
10

312. The extension in a string, obeying Hooke’s law, is x. The speed of sound in the stretched string is v.
If the extension in the string is increased to 1.5x, the speed of sound will be
(A) 1.22v (B) 0.61v (C) 1.50v (D) 0.75v

105
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
Solution: (A)

According to Hooke’s law FR  x [Restoring Force FR =T, tension of ring]

Velocity of sound by a stretched string
T
v where m is the mass per unit length
m
v T T 1.5x
   v  v v  1.22v
v T T x
313. A whistle giving out 450 Hz approaches a stationary observer at a speed of 33 m/s. The frequency
heard by the observer in Hz is
(A) 409 (B) 429

(C) 517 (D) 500

Solution: (D)

33m / s V0  0
 
 
VS 0
(Source) (Observer)

 v   330 
      450    500Hz
 v  vs   330  33 

314. A travelling wave in a stretched string is described by the equation y = A sin (kx – t). The
maximum particle velocity is
(A) A (B) /k

(C) d/dk (D) x/t

Solution: (A)

dy
V   A cos(kx  t)
dt

 Vmax = A

315. An organ pipe P1 closed at one end vibrating in its first harmonic and another pipe P2 open at ends
vibrating in its third harmonic are in resonance with a given tuning fork. The ratio of the length of
P1 to that of P2 is:
(A) 8/3 (B) 3/8

106
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
(C) 1/6 (D) 1/3

Solution: (C)


v for first harmonic
4 1

3
v for third harmonic
2 2

 3 1
   1

4 1 2 2 2 6

316. A cylindrical tube, open at both ends has a fundamental frequency 'f' in air. The tube is vertically
dipped in water so that half of it is in water, the fundamental frequency of the air column is
(A) f/2 (B) 3f/4

(C) f (D) 2f

Solution: (C) For open tube f = f = v/2. On dipping the tube in water, it becomes a closed tube. For
v  v
closed tube f =  v 4  = =f
2  2  2

317. The amplitude of a wave disturbance propagating in the positive x-direction is given by y =1/ (1 + x2) at
time t = 0 and by y = 1/[1 + (x – 1)2 at t = 2 seconds, where x and y are in metres. The shape of the wave
disturbance does not change during the propagation. The velocity of the wave is
(A) 1 ms1 (B) 0.5 ms1

(C) 1.5 ms1 (D) 2 ms1

Solution: (B) Writing the general expression for y in terms of x as

1
y= at t = 0, y = 1/ (1 + x)2
1  ( x  vt ) 2

1
At t = 2 s, y =
1  [ x  v(2)] 2

Comparing with the given equation we get 2v = 1 and v = 0.5 m/s.

107
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
318. Two waves represented by y1 =10 sin(2000 t+2x) and y2=10 sin (2000  t +2x+/2) are
superposed at any point at a particular instant. The resultant amplitude is:
(A) 10 units (B) 20 units

(C) 14.1 units (D) zero

Solution: (C) The resultant amplitude A of two waves of amplitudes a1 and a2 at a phase difference
 is ( (a12  a 22  2a1a 2 cos )1/ 2

Substituting
a1 = 10, a2 = 10 and  = 900, we get A = 14.1.

319. A transverse wave is described by the equation y = y0 sin 2 (ft – x/a). The maximum particle
velocity is equal to four times the wave velocity if a is equal to
(A) y0 / 4 (B) y0/2

(C) y0 (D) 2y0

Solution: (B) The maximum particle velocity of a SHM of amplitude Y0 and frequency f is 2fY0. The
wave velocity is f. For 2 fY0 to be equal to 4f,  has to be Y0 / 2

(Here  = a).

320. A particle moves according to the equation x = a cos t. The distance covered by it in 2.5 s is
(A) 3a (B) 5a
(C) 2a (D) 9a.
2 5
Solution : (B)   ,   or T  2s clearly, oscillations are completed in 2.5 second.
T 4
5
 Dis tancecov ered   4a  5a
4
321. The time period of a mass sounded by a ring is T. If the ring is cut into four equal parts and the
mass is again sounded by one of the pieces, the period of vibration is now
T
(A) T/2 (B)
3
T
(C) (D) 2T.
2
1 1 T' 1 T
Solution : T ;T '  or  or T '  .
K 4K T 2 2

108
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
322. The need of sound in air is 350 ms–1. The fundamental frequency of an open pipe 50 cm long will
be
(A) 175 Hz (B) 350 Hz
(C) 700 Hz (D) 50 Hz.

 350  100
Solution : (C)    Hz  350Hz
2l 2  50
Vl
=  ( l << l)
4l 2
323. A uniform ring of force constant k is cut into two pieces, the lengths of which are in the ratio 1:2.
The ratio of the force constants of the shorter and the longer pieces is
(A) 1:2 (B) 2:3
(C) 2:1 (D) 1 : 3.

F/a Fl Fl
Solution : (C) Y   or Y   
l / l  l  l  
kl
or Y or kl = constant

k1 l2 k1 2
or Y  or  .
k2 l1 k2 1

324. Two organ pipes produce 7 beats per second at 5oC. When the temperature rises to 10oC, the
number of beats is
(A) =7 (B) <8
(C) >7 (D) Data is inadequate.

 1 1
Solution : (C) 1  2    
2  l1 l 2 

325. An engine is moving on a circular track with a constant speed. It is blowing a whistle of frequency
500 Hz. The frequency received by an observer standing stationary at the centre of the track is
(a) 500 Hz
(b) More than 500 Hz
(c) Less than 500 Hz
(d) More or less than 500 Hz depending on the actual speed of the engine

SOLUTION: (a)

109
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
Since there is no relative motion between the source and listener, So apparent frequency equals
original frequency.

326. A wave travelling along positive x-axis is given by y  A sin( t  kx) . If it is reflected from rigid
boundary such that 80% amplitude is reflected, then equation of reflected wave is
(a) y  A sin( t  kx) (b) y  0.8 A sin( t  kx)
(c) y  0.8 A sin( t  kx ) (d) y  A sin( t  0.8 kx)

SOLUTION: (b)
On getting reflected from a rigid boundary the wave suffers
Hence if yincident = A sin(t  kx )

then yreflected  (0.8 A) sint  k ( x )   

 0 .8 A sin(t  kx ) an additional phase change of  .

327. The frequency of the first harmonic of a string stretched between two points is 100 Hz. The
frequency of the third overtone is
(a) 200 Hz (b) 300 Hz (c) 400 Hz (d) 600 Hz

SOLUTION: (c) Third overtone is the fourth harmonic i.e., n4  4n1  4  100  400 Hz
328. A sound wave of wavelength 32 cm enters the tube at S as shown in the figure. Then the smallest
radius r so that a minimum of sound is heard at detector D is

S r
D

(a) 7cm (b) 14 cm (c) 21cm (d) 28 cm

SOLUTION: (b)
 32
Path difference (r  2r)    16 ,
2 2
16
r  14 cm .
 2
329. A stretched wire of length 110 cm is divided into three segments whose frequencies are in ratio 1 :
2 : 3. Their lengths must be
(a) 20 cm ; 30 cm ; 60 cm (b) 60 cm ; 30 cm ; 20 cm
(c) 60 cm ; 20 cm ; 30 cm (d) 30 cm ; 60 cm ; 20 cm

110
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
SOLUTION: (b)
l1  l2  l3  110 cm and n1l1  n2l2  n3l3

n1 : n2 : n3 :: 1 : 2 : 3

n1 1 l2 l n1 1 l3 l
    l2  1 and    l3  1
n2 2 l1 2 n3 3 l1 3

l1 l1
 l1    110 so l1  60 cm, l2  30 cm, l3  20 cm .
2 3

x
330. The equation of stationary wave along a stretched string is given by y  5 sin cos 40 t where x
3
and y are in centimetre and t in second. The separation between two adjacent nodes is :

(a) 6 cm (b) 4 cm (c) 3 cm (d) 1.5 cm

x
SOLUTION: (c) Given y  5 sin cos 40 t
3
2vt 2x
Comparing with y  2a cos sin    6 cm.
 

The separation between adjacent nodes   3 cm .
2

331. Unlike a laboratory sonometer, a stringed instrument is seldom plucked in the middle. Supposing a
1
sitar string is plucked at about th of its length from the end. The most prominent harmonic
4
would be
(a) Eighth (b) Fourth (c) Third (d) Second

SOLUTION: (d) When plucked at one fourth it gives two loops, and hence 2nd harmonic is produced.

A N A
N N

332. If n1, n2 , n3 ......... are the frequencies of segments of a stretched string, the frequency n of the string
is given by
(a) n  n1  n2  n3  ....... (b) n  n1  n2  n3  .......
1 1 1 1
(c)     ..... (d) None of these
n n1 n2 n3

SOLUTION: (c) For a vibrating string

n1l1  n2l2  n3l3 .....  constant = k (say) = nl

Also l1  l2  l3  l4  ......  1

111
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
k k k k k 1 1 1 1
    ....       .......
n1 n2 n3 n4 n n n1 n2 n3

333. Two trains, one coming towards and another going away from an observer both at 4 m/s produce
whistle simultaneously of frequency 300 Hz. Find the number of beats produced
(a) 5 (b) 6
(c) 7 (d) 12

SOLUTION: (c) n  
v v  2uv
 n 2 n
v  u v  u  v  u2

2  4  332
=  300  7
(332 )2  (4 )2

334. When a wave travels in a medium, the particle displacement is given by y (x, t)  0.03 sin  (2t  0.01 x)
where y and x are meters and t in seconds. The phase difference, at a given instant of time
between two particle 25 m. apart in the medium, is
 
(a) (b)
8 4

(c) (d) 
2

SOLUTION: (b) y(x, t)  0.03 sin  (2t  0.01 x)  0 .03 sin(2t  0 . 01x )

2 2 
k  0 . 01     x  0 .01  25 
  4
335. In the 5 overtone of an open organ pipe, these are (N-stands for nodes and A-for antinodes)
th

(a) 2N, 3A (b) 3N, 4A

(c) 4N, 5A (d) 5N, 4A

SOLUTION: (c) In open organ pipe 5th overtone corresponds to 4th harmonic mode.
Also in open pipe, Number of nodes = Order of mode of vibration and number of antinodes =
(Number of nodes + 1). Here number of nodes = 4, Number of antinodes = 4 + 1 =5.

336. The number of beats produced per second by two vibrations: x1 =x0 sin 646t and x2 = x0 sin 652 t
is

(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 6

SOLUTION: (b) From the given equation 1  2n1  646  n1  323

and  2  2n 2  652  n 2  326

112
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
Hence, beat frequency  326  323  3

337. A tuning fork A produces 4 beats/sec with another tuning fork B of frequency 320 Hz. On filing the
fork A, 4 beats/sec are again heard. The frequency of fork A, after filing is
(a) 324 Hz (b) 320 Hz
(c) 316 Hz (d) 314 Hz

SOLUTION: (a) nA = ?, nB = Known frequency = 320 Hz

x = 4 bps, which remains same after filing.
Unknown fork A is filed so nA
Hence nA – nB = x Wrong
nB – nA = x Correct
 nA = nB – x = 320 – 4 = 316 Hz.
This is the frequency before filing.
But in question frequency after filing is asked which must be greater than 316 Hz, such that it
produces 4 beats per sec. Hence it is 324 Hz.

3
338. A pipe open at both ends produces a note of frequency f1. When the pipe is kept with th of its
4
f1
length it water, it produced a note of frequency f2. The ratio is
f2

3 4
(a) (b)
4 3
1
(c) (d) 2
2

v
SOLUTION:c) For open pipe f1  and for closed pipe
2l
v v f1 1
f2    2 f1  
l l f2 2
4  
4
1
339. The fundamental frequency of a closed pipe is 220 Hz. If of the pipe is filled with water, the
4
frequency of the first overtone of the pipe now is

(a) 220 Hz (b) 440 Hz

(c) 880 Hz (d) 1760 Hz

113
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
SOLUTION: (c) Fundamental frequency of closed pipe
v
n  220 Hz  v  220  4 l
4l
1 3l
If of the pipe is filled with water then remaining length of air column is
4 4
v v
Now fundamental frequency =  and
 3l  3l
4 
4
First overtone = 3  fundamental frequency
3v v 220  4 l
=    880 Hz .
3l l l

340. An engine approaches a hill with a constant speed. When it is at a distance of 0.9 km it blows a
whistle, whose echo is heard by the driver after 5 sec. If speed of sound in air is 330 m/s, the speed
of engine is

(a) 10 m/s (b) 20 m/s

(c) 30 m/s (d) 40 m/s

SOLUTION: (c) If the speed of engine is v, the distance traveled by engine in 5 sec will be 5v, and hence
the distance traveled by sound in reaching the hill and coming back to the moving driver = 900 + (900 –
5v) = 1800 – 5v
(1800  5v)
So the time interval between original sound and it’s echo t  5  v = 30 m/s.
330

341. 50 tuning forks are arranged in increasing order of their frequencies such that each gives 4
beats/sec with its previous tuning fork. If the frequency of the last fork is octave of the first, then
the frequency of the first tuning fork is
(a) 200 Hz (b) 204 Hz
(c) 196 Hz (d) None of these

SOLUTION: (c) Frequencies of tuning forks is given by

nlast  n first  (N  1)x

2n  n  (50  1)  4  n  196 Hz.

342. The intensity ratio of two waves is 1 : 16. The ratio or their amplitudes is
(A) 1 : 16 (B) 1:4

114
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
(C) 4:1 (D) 2 : 1.

a1 I1 1 1
Solution : (B) 2
 2
 
a I 16 4
343. If the speed of sound at 0oC is V0, then the velocity at 273oC will be
(A) 2 V0 (B) 1.41 V0
(C) 3 V0 (D) V0

 273 273  273

Solution : (C)   2 or  273  1.414 0
0 273
344. Two waves represented by y1 =10 sin (2000 t+2x) and y2=10 sin (2000  t +2x+/2) are
superposed at any point at a particular instant. The resultant amplitude is
(A) 10 units (B) 20 units

(C) 14.1 units (D) zero

345. Two tuning forks have frequencies 380 and 384 hertz respectively. When they are sounded
together, they produce 4 beats. After hearing the maximum sound, how long will it take to hear
the minimum sound
(a)1/2 sec (b) 1/4 sec (c) 1/8 sec (d) 1/16
sec
Solution : (c) Beats period = Time interval between two minima
1 1
T=  sec
n1  n2 4
Time interval between maximum sound and minimum sound = T/2 = 1/8 sec
346. 41 forks are so arranged that each produces 5 beat/sec when sounded with its near fork. If the
frequency of last fork is double the frequency of first fork, then the frequencies of the first and last
fork respectively

(a) 200, 400 (b) 205, 410 (c) 195, 390 (d) 100, 200
Solution : (a) Let the frequency of first tuning fork = n and that of last = 2n
n, n + 5, n + 10, n + 15 …… 2n this forms A.P.
Formula of A.P l = a + (N – 1) r where l = Last term, a = First term, N = Number of term, r =
Common difference
2n = n + (41 – 1) 5
2n = n + 200
n = 200 and 2n = 400

115
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
 x 
347. The equation of a stationary wave is y = 0.8 cos   sin 200  t where x is in cm. and t is in sec.
 20 
The separation between consecutive nodes will be
(a) 20 cm (b) 10 cm (c) 40 cm (d) 30 cm
2x 2vt
Solutio : (a) Standard equation y = A cos sin
 
2x x
By comparing this equation with given equation.    = 40 cm
 20

Distance Between two nodes = = 20 cm.
2
348. If amplitude of waves at distance r from a point source is A, the amplitude at a distance 2r will be

(a) 2A (b) A (c) A/2 (d) A/4

1 1 r1 A  r1  1
Solution : (c) I  A2 and I  so r  ;  2  A2 = A1   = A   = A/2
r 2 A r2 A1  r2  2
349. If two waves of same frequency and same amplitude respectively on superimposition produced a
resultant disturbance of the same amplitude the wave differ in phase by
(a)  (b) 2 / 3 (c)  / 2 (d) zero
Solution : (b) A  A1 2  A 2 2  2 A1 A 2 cos 
A2 = A2 + A2 + 2A2 cos  [A1 = A2 = A given]
2
cos  = – 1/2    120  
3
350. The superposition takes place between two waves of frequency f and amplitude a. The total
intensity is directly proportional to
(a) a (b) 2a (c) 2a2 (d) 4a2
Solution : (d) I  a1  a2 2 [As a1 = a2 = a]
I  4a 2
351. The following equation represent progressive transverse waves
z1 = A cos ( t – kx)
z2 = A cos ( t + kx)
z3 = A cos ( t + ky)
z4 = A cos ( 2 t – 2ky)
A stationary wave will be formed by superposing
(a) z1 and z2 (b) z1 and z4 (c) z2 and z3 (d) z3 and z4
Solution : (a) The direction of wave must be opposite and frequencies will be same then by
superposition, standing wave formation takes place.

116
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
352. When two sound waves with a phase difference of  / 2 and each having amplitude A and frequency
 are superimposed on each other, then the maximum amplitude and frequency of resultant wave is
A A 
(a) ; / 2 (b) ; (c) 2A; (d) 2 A;
2 2 2


Solution : (d) Resultant Amplitude = a1 2  a2 2  2a1a2 cos  = A 2  A 2  2 A 2 cos = 2A
2
and frequency remains same = .
353. There is a destructive interference between the two waves of wavelength  coming from two
different paths at a point. To get maximum sound or constructive interference at that point, the
path of one wave is to be increased by
3
(a)  / 4 (b)  / 2 (c) (d) 
4

Solution : (b) Destructive interference means the path difference is 2n  1
2
If it is increased by  / 2
 
Then new path difference (2n – 1)  = n
2 2
which is the condition of constructive interference.
354. A tuning fork F1 has a frequency of 256 Hz and it is observed to produce 6 beats/second with
another tuning fork F2. When F2 is loaded with wax. It still produces 6 beats/second with F1. The
frequency of F2 before loading was
(a) 253 Hz (b) 262 Hz (c) 250 Hz (d) 259 Hz
Solution : (b) No of beats does not change even after loading then n2 = n1 + x = 256 + 6 = 262 Hz.
355. A source of sound of frequency 90 vibration/sec is approaching a stationary observer with a speed
equal to 1/10 the speed of sound. What will be the frequency heard by the observer
(a) 80 vibration/sec (b) 90 vibration/sec (c) 100 vibration/sec (d) 120
vibration/sec

v v 10 10  90 vs(+)
Solution : (c) n'  .n  n'  .n  n'  n  100 vibration/sec vL = 0
v  vs v
v 9 9
S L
10

356. A source and listener are both moving towards each other with speed v/10 where v is the speed of
sound. If the frequency of the note emitted by the source is f, the frequency heard by the listener
would be nearly

(a) 1.11 f (b) 1.22 f (c) f (d) 1.27 f

117
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
 v 
 v  vL  v  
11
Solution : (b) n'    n  n'   10 n  n'  f = 1.22 f.
 v  vs   v  9
v  
 10 
357. A man is watching two trains, one leaving and the other coming in with equal speed of 4 m/s. If they
sound their whistles, each of frequency 240 Hz, the number of beats heard by the man (velocity of
sound in air = 320 m/s) will be equal to
(a) 6 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 12
v
Solution : (a) App. Frequency due to train which is coming in n1  .n
v  vs
v
App. Frequency due to train which is leaving n2  .n
v  vs
 1 1 
So number of beats n1 – n2 =    320  240  n1 – n2 = 6
 316 324 
358. At what speed should a source of sound move so that observer finds the apparent frequency equal
to half of the original frequency
(a) v / 2 (b) 2v (c) v / 4 (d) v
v n v
Solution : (d) n'  .n   .n  vs = v
v  vs 2 v  vs
359. A vibrating diaphragm sets up strong vibrations at the mouth of a horizontal tube containing air
and a small amount of fine powder. If the powder becomes arranged in piles 1 cm apart, the
wavelength of this sound in air is
1 1
(a) cm (b) cm (c) 1 cm (d) 2 cm
4 2

Solution:

In figure, A,B are antinodes and N is node. A B

Distance between piles A and B is

N

 1 cm
2

  2 cm

 (d)

25
360. An object of mass 0.2 kg executes S.H.M. along x-axis with a frequency of Hz. At the position x

= 0.04 m the object has kinetic energy 0.5 J and potential energy 0.4 J. The amplitude of oscillation
will be

118
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
(a) 0.06 m (b) 0.04 m (c) 0.05 m (d) 0.25 m

Solution:

1
Total energy E = m 2 A 2
2

2E 2(Kinetic energy  Potential energy) 2(0.50.4)

A2   =
m 2
m(2n ) 2
 25 
2
0.2 2 
  

2
2  0.9  3
=  
0.2  50
2  50 

3
A = m or, 0.06 m
50

 (a)

361. A pendulum clock that keeps correct time on the Earth is taken to the Moon. It will run
(A) at correct rate (B) 6 times faster

(C) 6 times faster (D) 6 times slower.

Solution:(D) g decreases by a factor of 6. T increases by a factor of 6 . So, the clock is 6 times

slower.

362. A wave is represented by the equation

 
y = A sin  10 x  15 t  
 3

where x is in metres and t in seconds. The expression represents,

(a) a wave travelling in the positive x-direction with a velocity 1.5 m/s

(b) a wave travelling in the negative x-direction with a velocity 1.5 m/s

(c) a wave travelling in the negative x-direction having a wavelength 0.2 m

(d) a wave travelling in the positive x-direction having a wavelength 0.2 m

363. A heavy uniform rope hangs vertically from the ceiling, with its lower end free. A disturbance on
the rope travelling upward from the lower end has a velocity v at a distance x from the lower end.
1
(A) v (B) vx
x

119
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
1
(C) v x (D) v
x

Solution: Let m be the mass per unit length of the rope.

T = tension in the rope at a distance x from the lower end.

 T = mgx

V  T / m  mgx / m  gx

v x

 (C)

364. If x = a sin [t + (/3)] and x = a cos t, then what is the phase difference between two waves?
(A) /3 (B) /6

(C) /2 (D) 

Solution: Now sin[t + (/3)] and cost = sin[(/2) + t]

 Phase difference = /2  /3 = /6

 (B)

365. The power of sound from a speaker is raised from 10 mW to 500 mW. What is the power in
creased in (decibel) dB as compared to initial original power is
(A) 1.6 dB (B) 50 dB

(C) 16.9 dB (D) 6.9 dB

P  500 
Solution: P(dB) = 10 log   = 10 log   = 10log1050
 Po   10 

= 10(1.69) = 16.9 dB

 (C)

366. The equation of wave is y = 2 sin  (0.5 x  200 t) where x and y are expressed in cm and t in sec. The
wave velocity is
(a) 100 cm/sec (b) 200 cm/sec (c)300 cm/sec (d) 400 cm/sec
 200 
Solution : (d) v   = 400 cm/sec
k 0 .5 

120
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
 x 
367. The stationary wave produced on a string is represented by the equation y = 5 cos   sin (40  t)
 3 
where x and y are in cm and t is in seconds. The distance between consecutive nodes is
(a) 5 cm (b)  cm (c) 3 cm (d) 40 cm
Solution : (c) By comparing with standard equation of stationary wave
2x 2  vt
y = a cos sin
 
2x x 
We get =   = 6; Distance between two consecutive nodes =  3 cm
 3 2
368. Beats are produced with the help of two sound waves on amplitude 3 and 5 units. The ratio of
maximum to minimum intensity in the beats is
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 5 : 3 (c) 4 : 1 (d) 16 : 1
2 2
Imax  A  A2   53 
Solution : (d)   1  =
  5  3  = 16:1
Imin  A1  A2   

OPTICS
369. The maximum intensity in Young’s double slit experiment is I0. Distance between the slits is d = 5,
where  is the wavelength of monochromatic light used in the experiment. What will be the
intensity of light in front of one of the slits on a screen at a distance D = 10 d?
I0 3 I0
(a) (b) I0 (c) I0 (d)
2 4 4

Solution:

yd
Path difference x =
D
d 5
here y   (as d = 5) and D = 10 d = 50 
2 2
 5   5  
so x =     =
 2   50   4
corresponding phase difference will be
 2   2   
=   ( x )     
      4 2
 
or 
2 4

 I = I0 cos2  
2
 I0
I0 cos2   =
4 2
 (a)

121
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
d
370. In Young’s double slit experiment  10  4 (d = distance between slits, D = distance of screen from
D
the slits). At a point P on the screen resulting intensity is equal to the intensity due to individual slit
I0. Then the distance of point P from the central maximum is ( = 6000 Å)
(a) 2 mm (b) 1 mm (c) 0.5 mm (d) 4 mm

Solution:


I = 4 I0cos2  
2

I0 = 4 I0cos2  
2
 1
 cos   
2 2
 
or 
2 3
2  2 
or =   . x
3   
1  1 d  yd 
or    y.  x  
3  D  D 
 6  10 7
 y= 
3
d 3  10  4
D
= 2 × 10–3 m = 2 mm
371. Following figure shows sources S 1 and S 2 that emits light of wavelength  in all directions. The
sources are exactly in phase and are separated by a distance equal to 1 .5 . If we start at the
indicated start point and travel along path 1 and 2, the interference produce a maxima all along

1
Start
2
S1 S2
Start
d/2
d

(a) Path 1 (b) Path 2 (c) Any path (d) None of these

SOLUTION: (a)
At any point along the path 1, path difference between the waves is 0.
Hence maxima is obtained all along the path 1.

122
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI

At any point along the path 2, path difference is 1.5  which is odd multiple of , so minima is
2
obtained all along the path 2.
372. In a Young’s double slit experimental arrangement shown here, if a mica sheet of thickness t and
refractive index  is placed in front of the slit S 1 , then the path difference (S 1 P  S 2 P)
(a) Decreases by (  1)t
(b) Increases by (  1)t S1
(c) Does not change
S2
(d) Increases by t
P
Screen
Slit

SOLUTION: (b) Path difference at P   (S1 P  (  1)t)  S 2 P

 (S1 P  S 2 P)  (  1) t

S1

S2
P

373. In the set up shown in Fig the two slits, S 1 and S 2 are not equidistant from the slit S. The central
fringe at O is then

S1

S O

S2

(a) Always bright

(b) Always dark
(c) Either dark or bright depending on the position of S
(d) Neither dark nor bright.

SOLUTION: (c) If path difference  = (SS1 + S1O) – (SS2 + S2O) = n n = 0, 1, 2, 3, .... the central fringe at
O is a bright fringe and if the path difference    n   , n = 1, 2, 3, ..... the central bright fringe will be
1
 2
a dark fringe.

123
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
374. The intensity ratio of two coherent sources of light is p. They are interfering in some region and
produce interference pattern. Then the fringe visibility is
1 p 2 p
(a) (b)
2 p 1 p

p 2p
(c) (d)
1 p 1 p

SOLUTION: (b)
Imax  Imin 2 I1 I2
Visibility V  
Imax  Imin (I1  I2 )

2 I1 / I2 2 P
 
 I1  (P  1)
  1
I 
 2 
375. Three waves of equal frequency having amplitudes 10 m , 4 m , 7 m arrive at a given point with

successive phase difference of , the amplitude of the resulting wave in m is given by
2
(a) 4 (b) 5

(c) 6 (d) 7

SOLUTION: (b) The amplitudes of the waves are

a1 = 10 m, a2 = 4 m and a3 = 7m

and the phase difference between 1st and 2nd wave is and that between 2nd and 3rd wave is
2

. Therefore, phase difference between 1st and 3rd is . Combining 1st with 3rd, their resultant
2
amplitude is given by
A12  a12  a32  2a1a3 cos 

or A1  10 2  7 2  2  10  7 cos   100  49  140

 9  3 m in the direction of first.
Now combining this with 2nd wave we have, the resultant amplitude

A 2  A12  a22  2 A1a2 cos
2

or A  3 2  4 2  2  3  4 cos 90 o  9  16  5 m

376. Four different independent waves are represented by

(i) y1  a1 sin t (ii) y 2  a 2 sin 2 t

124
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI

(iii) y 3  a3 cos t (iv) y 4  a 4 sin t  
 3

With which two waves interference is possible

(a) In (i) and (iii) (b) In (i) and (iv)
(c) In (iii) and (iv) (d) Insufficient data to predict.

SOLUTION: (d) Since the sources are independent, interference will not occur unless they are
coherent (such as laser beams etc). So, insufficient data to predict.

377. A beam of light consisting of two wavelengths 650 nm and 520 nm is used to illuminate the slit of a
Young’s double slit experiment. Then the order of the bright fringe of the longer wavelength that
coincide with a bright fringe of the shorter wavelength at the least distance from the central
maximum is
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4

SOLUTION:
(d) n1  (n  1)2
n  650  10 19 D (n  1)  520  10 19  D
 
d d
n=4

378. Two identical radiators have a separation of d   / 4 where  is the wavelength of the waves
emitted by either source. The initial phase difference between the sources is  / 4 . Then the
intensity on the screen at a distant point situated at an angle   30  from the radiators is (here I o
is intensity at that point due to one radiator alone)
(a) I o (b) 2 Io
(c) 3 Io (d) 4 I o

SOLUTION: (b)
The intensity at a point on screen is given by
I  4 I0 cos 2 ( / 2)

where  is the phase difference. In this problem  arises (i) due to initial phase difference of
/4 and (ii) due to path difference for the observation point situated at   30 o. Thus
 2  2    
  (d sin  )   . (sin 30 )   
4  4  4 4 4 2
 
Thus  and I  4 I0 cos 2 ( / 4 )  2 I0
2 4

125
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
379. In Young’s double slit experiment, the 8 th maximum with wavelength 1 is at a distance d 1 from
the central maximum and the 6th maximum with a wavelength 2 is at a distance d 2 . Then
(d1 / d 2 ) is equal to
4  2  4  1 
(a)   (b)  
   
3  1  3  2 
3  2  3  1 
(c)   (d)  
   
4  1  4  2 
SOLUTION:

n D
(b) Position of nth maxima from central maxima is given by xn 
d
d1 n 8 4  
 x n  n   1 1  1   1 
d 2 n2 2 6 2 3  2 


380. In Young’s experiment, the distance between slits is 0.28 mm and distance between slits and screen is
1.4 m. Distance between central bright fringe and third bright fringe is 0.9 cm. What is the
wavelength of used light
(a) 5000 Å (b) 6000 Å
(c) 7000 Å (d) 9000 Å

3 D
SOLUTION: (b) Position of 3rd bright fringe x3 
d
x 3 d (0 .9  10 2 )  (0 .28  10 3 )
    6000 Å
3D 3  1 .4

381. In Young's double slit experiment, white light is used. The separation between the slits is b. The
screen is at a distance d (d>> b) from the slits. Some wavelengths are missing exactly in front of
one slit. These wavelengths are

b2 2b 2
(a)   (b)  
d d
b2 2b 2
(c)   (d)  
3d 3d
SOLUTION:
(a,c) Path difference between the rays reaching infront of slit S1 is.
S 1 P  S 2 P  (b  d )
2 2 1/2
d
S1 P
For distructive interference at P
(2 n  1) b
S1P  S 2 P 
2
S2
d

126
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
(2n  1)
i.e., (b 2  d 2 )1 / 2  d 
2
1/2
 b2  (2n  1)
 d  1  2 
 d 
 d  2

 b2  (2n  1)
 d  1  2
 ......   d 
 2d  2

(Binomial Expansion)
b (2n  1) b2
   
2d 2 (2n  1)d

b2 b2
For n  1, 2.......... ..,   ,
d 3d

382. In the ideal double-slit experiment, when a glass-plate (refractive index 1.5) of thickness t is
introduced in the path of one of the interfering beams (wavelength ), the intensity at the position
where the central maximum occurred previously remains unchanged. The minimum thickness of
the glass-plate is
2
(a) 2 (b)
3

(c) (d) 
3

SOLUTION:
(a) According to given condition
(  1)t  n  for minimum t, n =1
So, (  1)tmin  
 
t min    2
  1 1 .5  1
383. In Young's double slit experiment, the intensity on the screen at a point where path difference is 
is K. What will be the intensity at the point where path difference is  / 4

K K
(a) (b)
4 2
(c) K (d) Zero

SOLUTION:
2
(b) By using phase difference   ()


127
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
For path difference , phase difference 1  2 and for path difference /4, phase difference 2
= /2.
 I1 cos 2 (1 / 2)
Also by using I  4 I0 cos 2  
2 I2 cos 2 ( 2 / 2)

K cos 2 (2 / 2) 1 K
    I2  .
I2  / 2  1 / 2 2
cos 2  
 2 
384. In a two slit experiment with monochromatic light fringes are obtained on a screen placed at some
distance from the sits. If the screen is moved by 5  10 2 m towards the slits, the change in fringe
width is 3  10 5 m . If separation between the slits is 10 3 m , the wavelength of light used is

(a) 6000 Å (b) 5000 Å

(c) 3000 Å (d) 4500 Å

SOLUTION:
D
(a)   D
d
1 D1   D D   
   1 2  1 2  2  2
 2 D2 2 D2 D D2 d 2

3  10 5
 2   10 3  6  10 7 m  6000 Å
5  10  2

385. In the figure is shown Young’s double slit experiment. Q is the position of the first bright fringe on
the right side of O. P is the 11th fringe on the other side, as measured from Q. If the wavelength of
the light used is 6000  10 10 m , then S1 B will be equal to
(a) 6  10 6 m
Q
(b) 6 . 6  10 6 m S1 B
O
(c) 3 .138  10 7 m S2
Slit
(d) 3 .144  10 7 m P

SOLUTION:
(a) P is the position of 11th bright fringe from Q. From central position O, P will be the position
of 10th bright fringe.
Path difference between the waves reaching at P = S1B =10  = 10  6000  10–10 = 6  10–6m.

386. In Young’s double slit experiment, the two slits act as coherent sources of equal amplitude A and
wavelength . In another experiment with the same set up the two slits are of equal amplitude A

128
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
and wavelength  but are incoherent. The ratio of the intensity of light at the mid-point of the
screen in the first case to that in the second case is

(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1
(c) 4 : 1 (d) 1 : 1

SOLUTION:
(b)Resultant intensity I  I1  I2  2 I1 I2 cos 
At central position with coherent source (and I1  I2  I0
Icon  4 I0 ... (i)
In case of incoherent at a given point,  varies randomly with time so (cos )av = 0
 IIn coh  I1  I2  2I0 ... (ii)
Icoh 2
Hence  .
IIncoh 1

387. In Young's double slit experiment the y-coordinates of central maxima and 10th maxima are 2 cm
and 5 cm respectively. When the YDSE apparatus is immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.5 the
corresponding y-coordinates will be
(a) 2 cm, 7.5 cm (b) 3 cm, 6 cm
(c) 2 cm, 4 cm (d) 4/3 cm, 10/3 cm

SOLUTION: (c) Fringe width   . Therefore,  and hence  decreases 1.5 times when immersed in
liquid. The distance between central maxima and 10th maxima is 3 cm in vacuum. When immersed in
liquid it will reduce to 2 cm. Position of central maxima will not change while 10th maxima will be
obtained at y = 4cm.
388. The maximum intensity in Young's double slit experiment is I0. Distance between the slits is d = 5 ,
where  is the wavelength of monochromatic light used in the experiment. What will be the intensity
of light in front of one of the slits on a screen at a distance D  10 d
I0 3
(a) (b) I0
2 4
I0
(c) I0 (d)
4

SOLUTION:
(a) Suppose P is a point infront of one slit at which intensity is to be calculated from figure it is
d
clear that x  . Path difference between the waves reaching at P
2

129
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
d 
 d
5 
 
xd 2 d
   
D 10 d 20 20 4
Hence
corresponding
phase difference S1 P
2   x
  
 4 2 d C

Resultant intensity
S2
at P Screen
 D
I  Imax cos 2
2
2 
 I0
 I0 cos   
4 2

389. A monochromatic beam of light falls on YDSE apparatus at some angle (say ) as shown in figure. A
thin sheet of glass is inserted in front of the lower slit S2. The central bright fringe (path difference
= 0) will be obtained

S1
(a) At O  O
S2
(b) Above O
(c) Below O
(d) Anywhere depending on angle , thickness of plate t and refractive index of glass 

SOLUTION:
(d) If d sin   (  1)t, central fringe is obtained at O
If d sin   (  1)t, central fringe is obtained above O and
If d sin   (  1)t, central fringe is obtained below O.

390. In Young's double slit experiment how many maximas can be obtained on a screen (including the
central maximum) on both sides of the central fringe if   2000 Å and d  7000 Å
(a) 12 (b) 7
(c) 18 (d) 4

SOLUTION:
(b) For maximum intensity on the screen
n  n(2000 ) n
d sin   n   sin    
d 7000 3 .5
Since maximum value of sin  is 1
So n  0, 1, 2, 3, only. Thus only seven maximas can be obtained on both sides of the screen.

130
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
391. In a Young's double slit experiment, the slits are 2 mm apart and are illuminated with a mixture of
two wavelength 0  750 nm and   900 nm . The minimum distance from the common central
bright fringe on a screen 2m from the slits where a bright fringe from one interference pattern
coincides with a bright fringe from the other is
(a) 1.5 mm (b) 3 mm
(c) 4.5 mm (d) 6 mm

SOLUTION:
(c) From the given data, note that the fringe width (1) for 1  900 nm is greater than fringe
width (2) for 2  750 nm . This means that at though the central maxima of the two coincide,
but first maximum for 1  900 nm will be further away from the first maxima for 2  750 nm ,
and so on. A stage may come when this mismatch equals 2, then again maxima of 1  900 nm ,
will coincide with a maxima of 2  750 nm , let this correspond to nth order fringe for 1. Then it
will correspond to (n  1)th order fringe for 2.
n 1 D (n  1) 2 D
Therefore 
d d
 n  900  10 9  (n  1)750  10 9  n  5
Minimum distance from
n 1 D 5  900  10 9  2
Central maxima  
d 2  10 3
 45  10 4 m  4 .5 mm

392. A flake of glass (refractive index 1.5) is placed over one of the openings of a double slit apparatus.
The interference pattern displaces itself through seven successive maxima towards the side where
the flake is placed. if wavelength of the diffracted light is   600 nm , then the thickness of the flake
is
(a) 2100 nm (b) 4200 nm
(c) 8400 nm (d) None of these

SOLUTION:

(c) Shift  (  1) t

 7 7  600
 7  (  1) t  t    8400 nm .
 (  1) (1.5  1)

393. Two ideal slits S1 and S2 are at a distance d apart, and illuminated by light of wavelength  passing
through an ideal source slit S placed on the line through S2 as shown. The distance between the
planes of slits and the source slit is D. A screen is held at a distance D from the plane of the slits.
The minimum value of d for which there is darkness at O is

131
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
3 D
(a)
2 S1
(b) D S O
S2
D
(c)
2
D D
(d) 3 D

SOLUTION:
(b) Path difference between the waves reaching at P ,   1   2
where 1  Initial path difference
S1
 2  Path difference between the waves after emerging from slits.
d
1  S S 1  S S 2  D2  d 2  D S O

S2
and  2  S 1O  S 2 O  D2  d 2  D
Screen


1 
 
 d2 

D D
   2 (D2  d 2 ) 2  D  2 (D2  )  D

 
 
 2 D 


d2
 (From Binomial expansion)
D

 d2  (2n  1) D
For obtaining dark at O,  must be equals to (2n  1) i.e.  (2n  1)  d
2 D 2 2

D
For minimum distance n  1 so d 
2
394. In a double slit arrangement fringes are produced using light of wavelength 4800 Å. One slit is
covered by a thin plate of glass of refractive index 1.4 and the other with another glass plate of
same thickness but of refractive index 1.7. By doing so the central bright shifts to original fifth
bright fringe from centre. Thickness of glass plate is
(a) 8 m (b) 6 m
(c) 4 m (d) 10 m
SOLUTION:

(a) Shift x  (  1) t

P

S1

S2

Screen
D
132
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI


Shift due to one plate x 1  ( 1  1)


Shift due to another path x 2  ( 2  1) t


Net shift x  x 2  x 1  ( 2   1 ) t …..(i)

Also it is given that x  5  …..(ii)

Hence 5   ( 1   2 ) t

5 5  4800  10 10
t   8  10 6 m  8  m .
( 2  1 ) (1.7  1.4 )

395. Two point sources X and Y emit waves of same frequency and speed but Y lags in phase behind X
by 2l radian. If there is a maximum in direction D the distance XO using n as an integer is given by
 D
(a) (n  l)
2 O
(b) (n  l) X

(c) (n  l)
2 Y
(d) (n  l)

SOLUTION:
2
(b) For maxima 2 n  ( XO )  2 l

2
or ( XO )  2 (n  l) or ( XO )  (n  l)

396. A beam with wavelength  falls on a stack of partially reflecting planes with separation d. The
angle  that the beam should make with the planes so that the beams reflected from successive
planes may interfere constructively is (where n =1, 2, ……)

n 
(a) sin 1  
 d 
 n 
(b) tan 1  
 d   

n 
(c) sin 1   d
 2d 
 n 
(d) cos 1  
 2d 

SOLUTION:

133
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
(c) Path difference  2d sin
 For constructive interference
2d sin   n 

 n   
   sin 1  
2d 

397. Two coherent sources separated by distance d are radiating in phase having wavelength . A
detector moves in a big circle around the two sources in the plane of the two sources. The angular
position of n = 4 interference maxima is given as
n
(a) sin 1
d
4
(b) cos 1
d
d
1 d
(c) tan S1 S2
4

(d) cos 1
4d

SOLUTION:
(b) Here path difference at a point P on the circle is given by
P
x  d cos  ….. (i)
For maxima at P

x  n ….. (ii) S1 d S2

From equation (i) and (ii)

 n  1  4  
n   d cos    cos 1    cos  
 d   d 

398. Two coherent sources S1 and S2 are separated by a distance four times the wavelength  of the
source. The sources lie along y axis whereas a detector moves along + x axis. Leaving the origin and
far off points the number of points where maxima are observed is
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5

SOLUTION:
(b) From S 1 S 2 D,
(S 1 D) 2  (S 1 S 2 ) 2  (S 2 D) 2

134
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
(S 1 P  PD) 2  (S 1 S 2 ) 2  (S 2 D) 2
y
S1
P

xn
4

S2 x
xn D

Here S 1 P is the path difference  n for maximum intensity.

 (n   x n ) 2  (4  ) 2  (x n ) 2

16  2  n 2  2
or x n 
2n 
16  2   2
Then x 1   7.5 
2
16  2  4  2
x2   3
4
16  2  9  2 7
x3   
6 6
x4  0 .

 Number of points for maxima becomes 3.

399. The maximum number of possible interference maxima for slit-separation equal to twice the
wavelength in Young’s double-slit experiment is
(a) Infinite (b) Five (c) Three (d) Zero

SOLUTION:
(b) For maxima   d sin   n
n
 2 sin   n  sin  
2

since value of sin  can not be greater 1.

 n = 0, 1, 2
Therefore only five maximas can be obtained on both side of the screen.
400. The ratio of intensities of consecutive maxima in the diffraction pattern due to a single slit is
(a) 1 : 4 : 9 (b) 1 : 2 : 3
4 4 1 9
(c) 1 : : (d) 1 : :
9  2 25  2 2 2
2
sin   
SOLUTION: (c) I  I0   , where  
   2

135
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
2n  1 
For n th secondary maxima d sin    
 2 
 
   d sin     2n  1 
2   2 
2
  2n  1  
 sin  
 2   I0
 I  I0  
  2n  1    (2n  1) 
2
      
  2    2 
4 4
So I0 : I1 : I 2  I0 : I0 : I0
9 2
25  2
4 4
1: :
9 2 25  2
401. Light of wavelength 500 nm is used to form interference pattern in Young’s double slit experiment.
A uniform glass plate of refractive index 1.5 and thickness 0.1 mm is introduced in the path of one
of the interfering beams. The number of fringes which will shift the cross wire due to this is
(a) 100 (b) 200
(c) 300 (d) 400

SOLUTION: (a)
The number of fringes shifting is decided by the extra path difference produced by introducing
the glass plate. The extra path difference is ( – 1) t = n
or (1.5  1)  0.1  10 3  n  500  10 9
 n = 100

402. The two coherent sources of equal intensity produce maximum intensity of 100 units at a point. If
the intensity of one of the sources is reduced by 36 % by reducing its width then the intensity of
light at the same point will be
(a) 90 (b) 89
(c) 67 (d) 81

SOLUTION:(d)
100
Intensity of each source  I0   25 unit
4
If the intensity of one of the source is reduced by 36% then I1  25 unit and
36
I2  25  25   16 (unit )
100

Hence resultant intensity at the same point will be I  I1  I2  2 I1 I2  25  16  2 25  16  81 unit

403. The path difference between two interfering waves of equal intensities at a point on the screen is

. The ratio of intensity at this point and that at the central fringe will be
4

136
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 2
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 4

SOLUTION:
  2 
(b) By using I  4 I0 cos 2    4 I0 cos 2     
2      

  
 . 
2
4 
cos
     
cos 2  1    1

I1
      
I2    cos 2
(0) 2
cos 2  2 
  
404. In a Young’s double slit experiment, I o is the intensity at the central maximum and  is the fringe
width. The intensity at a point P distant x from the centre will be
x x
(a) I o cos (b) 4 I o cos 2
 
x Io x
(c) I o cos 2 (d) cos 2
 4 

SOLUTION:
xd
(c) Path difference at point P 
D
2 xd 2x
Phase difference at point P  
 D 
I0  4I1 , intensity at point P
2x  2x 
I  I1  I1  2 I1 cos  2 I1 1  cos 
   
x
 I0 cos 2


405. In a Fresnel’s diffraction arrangement, the screen is at a distance of 2 meter from a circular
aperture. It is found that for light of wavelengths 1 and 2 , the radius of 4 th zone for 1
coincides with the radius of 5th zone for 2 . Then the ratio 1 :  2 is
(a) 4 /5 (b) 5/4

(c) 5 / 4 (d) 4 / 5

SOLUTION:
r4  4 b1 r5  5b2
(c) It is given that and
are equal. Therefore 4 b1  5 b2
or 4 b1  5b2

137
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
1 5
or  .
2 4
406. If n represents the order of a half period zone, the area of this zone is approximately proportional
to n m where m is equal to
(a) Zero (b) Half
(c) One (d) Two

SOLUTION:
(a) Area of half period zone is independent of order of zone. Therefore, m is equal to zero in
nm.

407. A screen is placed 50 cm from a single slit, which is illuminated with 6000 Å light. If distance
between the first and third minima in the diffraction pattern is 3 mm , the width of the slit is
(a) 0.1 mm (b) 0.2 mm
(c) 0.3 mm (d) 0.4 mm

SOLUTION:
n D
(b) Position of nth minima yn 
d
D 2D
 (y 3  y1 )  (3  1) 
d d
2  6000  10 10  0 .5
 3  10  3 
d
 d  0 .2  10 3 m  0 .2 mm

408. In Young’s double slit experiment, the fringes are displaced by a distance x when a glass plate of
one refractive index 1.5 is introduced in the path of one of the beams. When this plate in replaced
by another plate of the same thickness, the shift of fringes is (3 / 2)x . The refractive index of the
second plate is
(a) 1.75 (b) 1.50
(c) 1.25 (d) 1.00

SOLUTION:
(  1) t 
(b) Fringe shift is given by x 

(1  1) t 
For first plate, x

3 (  1) t
For second plate x 2
2 
  1  3  1
  2     2  
3
 1  1  2  1 .5  1  2

138
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046
 CAREER MENTOR
UTTAM NAGAR WEST, DELHI
 2  1.75
409. Two waves of equal amplitude and frequency interfere each other. The ratio of intensity when the
two waves arrive in phase to that when they arrive 90  out of phase is
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 :1
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 4 : 1

SOLUTION:
(c) Resultant intensity I  4 I0 cos 2 ( / 2)

I1 cos 2 (1 / 2) cos 2 0 2

   
I2 cos (2 / 2) cos 2 (90 / 2) 1
2

410. In Young’s double slit experiment, we get 60 fringes in the field of view of monochromatic light of
wavelength 4000 Å . If we use monochromatic light of wavelength 6000 Å, then the number of
fringes obtained in the same field of view is
(a) 60 (b) 90
(c) 40 (d) 1.5

SOLUTION: (c) n11  n22  60  4000  n2  6000  n2 = 40

411. An astronaut floating freely in space decides to use his flash light as a rocket. He shines a 10 watt
light beam in a fixed direction so that he acquires momentum in the opposite direction. If his mass
is 80 kg, how long must he need to reach a velocity of 1 ms–1
(a) 9 sec (b) 2.4  103 sec (c)2.4  106 sec (d) 2.4  109 sec

SOLUTION:

412. When light wave suffers reflection at the interface from air to glass, the change in phase of the
reflected wave is equal to


(a) 0 (b) (c)  (d) 2
2

SOLUTION: (c)When light is reflected from denser medium, a phase difference of  always occurs.

139
CAREER MENTOR-9971088864/9971081046