Drug Study on Epinephrine

Generic Name General Action Mechanism of Action Indications Contraindication Side Effects Nsg.
Consideration
Epinephrine >Alpha & Beta >Acts directly on both >Temporary >contraindicated in Anxiety; >Monitor V/S and
adrenergic alpha and beta relief of narrow angle difficulty check for cardiac
Agonist; receptors; the most bronchospasm (congestive) sleeping; dysrhythmias
Brand Name: (Bronchodilator) potent activator of alpha >Used for glaucoma dizziness; >Caution against
>Adrenalin receptors thus, symptomatic >shock, during fearfulness; overuse
strengthens myocardial bradycardia general anesthesia headache; >Notify provider
contraction; increases >acute >labor because it may nausea; before taking other
Dosage: systolic but may asthmatic delay the second nervousness; meds if symptoms
> 1 mg of decrease diastolic blood attack stage paleness; are not relieved.
1:10,000 pressure and increases >mucosal >in cardiac dilatation sweating;
congestion tremors;
solution q 3-5 cardiac rate and cardiac andcoronary
>hypersensitivi vomiting;
min. output. insufficiency.
ty and weakness.
anaphylactic
Route: reactions
> IV >restore
cardiac rhythm
in cardiac
arrest.
Esguerra, Christopher D.
BSN IV- 8

Drug Study on Atropine Sulfate

Generic General Action Mechanism of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nsg. Consideration
Name Action
Atropine >Anticholinergic >It inhibits >Symptomatic >Tachycardia >Dry >Obtain V/S (heart rate is
Sulfate >Antimuscarinic actions of bradycardia >Glaucoma, acute mouth/mucous a sensitive indicator of
>Parasympa- acetylcholine at (unusually low narrow angle membranes; patient’s response to
tholytic postganglionic heart rate) >Paralytic ileus >constipation; atropine).
Brand Name: parasympatheti >Asystole (after >Pyloric Stenosis >urinary Be alert on the changes
>Atropine c neuro effector epinephrine) >Liver cirrhosis retention; of the rate, rhythm and
sites, primarily >Organophosph >Hypersensitivity >decreased quality of the heart rate.
at muscarinic ate poisoning >Unstable sweating >Follow ET
Dosage: receptors (drug of choice) cardiovascular >increased administration with
>0.1 mg/mI (smooth muscle status in acute body several positive pressure
(Adult) and glands), hemorrhage with temperature; ventilations.
blocking myocardial >nausea and >Use cautiously because
>0.05 mg/mL parasympatheti ischemia vomiting it may cause dizziness or
(Pediatric)
c response and >Pregnant >headache. visual problems to the
allowing women patient.
sympathetic >Report immediately if
Route:
response to there are untoward
> IV
take over. effects (e.g. palpitations,
tremors, chest pain).
 Drug study on mannitol

Generic Name General Action Mechanism of Action Indications Side Effects Nursing Consideration

Diuretics (osmotic) Manni tol increases urinary Promotion of Fluid and The cardiovascular
Mannitol output by diuresis in the electrolyte status of the
inhibiting tubular prevention or imbalance; patient should be
Brand Name: reabsorption of treatment of the acidosis (with carefully
water and oliguric phase of high doses). evaluated before
Osmitrol, Resctisol electrolytes. It acute renal Nausea, rapidly
raises the failure before vomiting, thirst; administering
Dosage: osmotic pressure irreversible renal headache, mannitol since
20% 250cc now then of the plasma failure becomes dizziness, sudden expansion
100cc q4 allowing water to established. convulsions, of the
be drawn out of Reduction of chills, fever; extracellular fluid
body tissues. intracranial tachycardia, may lead to
 Route: pressure and chest pain; fulminating
IV brain mass. blurred vision; congestive heart
Reduction of high urticaria and failure.
intraocular hypotension or
pressure when hypertension; Shift of sodium- free
the pressure acute renal intracellular
cannot be failure; skin fluid into the
lowered by other necrosis; extracellular
means. thrombophloebiti compartment
s. following
mannitol infusion
may lower serum
sodium
concentration and
aggravate pre-
existing
hyponatremia.
 Drug Study on Dopamine HCL

Generic Name General Mechanism of Action Indications Contraindicatio Side Effects Nsg. Consideration
Action n
Brand Name: Inotropic, To treat shock and Contraindicated in Cv: anginal pain, Blood is not a substitute for
Stimulates
Dopamine HCL vasopressor correct patient
dopaminergic and arrythmias, blood or fluid volume deficit.
hemodynamic with uncorrected
Brand Name: alpha and beta imbalances, tachyarrhythmias, bradycardia, If deficit occurs, replace fluid
Intropin; Revimine receptors of the improve perfusion pheocromocytoma conduction deficit first before giving
of vital , or disturbances meds.
sympathetic nervous
Dosage: organs, to increase ventricular
system. ectopic
Adults: initially, 1 to cardiac fibrillation.
5 output, and to - Use cautiously in breasts,hypertens During infusion, frequently
Action is dose-related;
mcg/kg/minute by correct patients ion, monitor ECG, BP, cardiac
large
I.V. hypotension with occlusive hypotension, output, CVP, pulmonary artery
doses can cause mainly
infusion. Adjust vascular wedge pressure, pulse rate,
alpha palpitations,
dose to disease, cold
desired injuries, diabetic tachycardia, urine output, and color and
stimulation.
hemodynamic or endarteritis, and vasoconstriction, temperature of the limbs.
renal arterial widening of QRS
response, increase embolism; in If diastolic pressure rises
complex.
by 1 to 4 pregnant
disproportionately, decrease
mcg/kg/minute at woman; with a
10 to 30- history of GI: vomiting. perfusion rate and watch out
minute intervals sulfite sensitivity; carefully for further signs of
and in those GU: azotemia vasoconstriction unless such
taking MAO Respiratory: action is desired.
inhibitor
asthma attacks,
dyspnea
 Drug study on Aspirin

Generic Name General Action Mechanism of Action Indications Side Effects Nursing Consideration

Aspirin Nonopoid analgesic, Exhibits Management of GI: dyspepsia, Assess for pain: type,
Non steroidal anti- antipyretic, anti- inflammatory disorder heartburn, location and pattern •
inflammatory agent, inflammatory and including: rheumatoid anorexia, nausea, Note for asthma •
Brand Name: Antipyretic, analgesic effects. arthritis, osteoarthritis epigastric Monitor renal, LFTs and
Acetysalicilic acid Antiplatelet agent The antipyretic Treatment of mild to discomfort, CBC • Determine history
effect is due to an moderate pain potentiation of of peptic
Dosage: action on the Treatment of fever peptic ulcers or
80mg 1tab OD hypothalamus, Prophylaxis of transient ulcer bleeding
resulting in heat ischemic attack Allergic:Bronc hosp tendencies.
loss by Prophylaxis of myocardial asm, asthma-like Precautions: • Do not use
 Route: vasodilation of infarction. symptoms, in children with
Oral peripheral blood anaphylaxis, skin chicken pox or
vessels. Anti- rashes, flu symptoms
inflammatory urticaria • Lactation • Mild
effects are Hematologic: diabetes, erosive gastritis,
mediated by a prolongation of bleeding
decrease in bleeding time, tendencies, liver
prostaglandin thrombocytopenia, or kidney
synthesis. It also leucopenia, Other: disease.
decreases platelet Thirst, fever,
aggregation. dimness of vision
Drug Study on Nifedipine

Generic Name General Mechanism of Action Indications Contraindication Side Effects Nsg.
Action Consideration
Nifedipine >Calcium >Acts on calcium channels > Management >contraindicated in Dizziness and Monitor Blood
channel in vascular smooth of angina hypersensitivity. lightheadedness pressure before
blocker, muscle and myocardium, pectoris due to Use cautiously in especially during the and during drug
Brand Name: Antianginal, producing coronary coronary Severe first few days. bloating, administration of
> Adalat, Adalat Coronary vasodilation. Therapeutic insufficiency or hypertension, heartburn, nausea, medication.
CC, Procardia Vasodilator, Effects: Coronary vasospasm. Hepatic blurred vision, muscle
Antihypertensi vasodilation and Treatment of impairment, cramps, headache, Monitor I and O
ve subsequent decrease in hypertension. geriatric patient. flushing, sweating ratios and daily
Dosage: frequency and severity of and sleep disturbances. weight.
> 10 mg, repeated attacks of angina pectoris. Swelling of hands or
in 15 minutes Lowering of blood feet, irregular Assess for signs of
pressure. heartbeat. In the congested heart
unlikely event you failure ( peripheral
Route: have an allergic edema,
> SL reaction to this rales/crackles,
drug, rash, itching, dyspnea, weight
swelling, dizziness, gain, jugular vein
trouble breathing, distension)
hypotension