CONSUMERS’ PERSPECTIVES ON AUTOMOBILE BRAND ATTRIBUTES

A Research Paper
Presented to the Faculty of the
Senior High School Department
University of Batangas

In Partial Fulfilment
Of the Requirements in
Practical Research

By:
Bayonito, Maria Cristina
Paz, James Kevin
Valdez, Marc Reggie

March 2018
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ABSTRACT

This research paper achieved its completeness through logical processes

and critical methods done by researchers. The purpose of the study is to further
identify the different attributes of various automobiles based from the
perspectives of consumers. Automobile is an essential instrument of
transportation and a vital tool created by engineers in line with machines and
automotive.
The researchers explored various books and journals, as well as the
different websites in the internet in order to come up with different information
about the topic. After studying the gathered information, the researchers
composed a survey questionnaire that will know about the quality of the car and
what the brand company or even the owners need to improve. After the
questionnaire geared up, researchers randomly picked people that own different
types of automobile who are available at the specific time. These vehicle owners
served as the respondents of the survey.
Many automobile owners evaluated their own cars that resulted to findings
that aroused in accord with their preference on automobile brands. It was found
out that known brands and their established good attributes had great effect on
consumers’ preferences and decisions. The research also came up with the
improvements and critique on the respective owners to do actions for the life of
certain automobiles. Every attributes of vehicles as viewed from different people
were given attention resulting to the success and finished work of this research
paper. Further work and continuation can be conducted for the betterment of the
study.

Keywords: Automobile, Automobile Brands, Automobile Consumers,

Preferences, Attributes, Consumers’ Perspectives
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The completion of this undertaking could not have been possible without

the help, support and participation of the people whose names may not be

enumerated but still remained as remembered. Their contributions to this

research paper are highly appreciated and greatly acknowledged. However, the

group would like to express their deepest gratitude and indebtedness particularly

to the following:

Mrs. Amabelle Gamara, for her endless understanding and confidence on

the researchers during the process of conducting the research

To all the relatives, friends and others, who in many ways consistently

provided help and support either financially, morally and physically. Thank you.

And above all, the Almighty Lord, who showered his blessings, wisdom

and unending love.

We honor and thank you.

J. K. P.

M. R. V.

M. C. B.
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DEDICATION

This piece of work is wholeheartedly dedicated to the following people:

To the parents and guardians, who show their love, encouragement and

give their full support to make this study successful

And to the teachers and professors, who are very dedicated and

determined to guide the researchers on the completion of this work

To the classmates and friends, who constantly showed their moral support

and love

And above all, to Almighty God, who gave the wisdom and strength while

doing this work.

J. K. P.

M. R. V.

M. C. B.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

TITLE PAGE ………………………………………………………...……...... i

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………. ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ……………………………..………………......…… iii

DEDICATION…………………………………………………………………. iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………… v

CHAPTER

1. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction ………………………………………….…......………… 1

Conceptual Framework……………………………………………… 2

Statement of the Problem ………………………………......……… 3

Scope, Limitation and Delimitation of the Study …………………. 4

Significance of the Study ……………………......………………….. 4

Definition of Terms …………………………......…………………… 5

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature …………………………......…..………………… 6

Related Studies ……………………………......…………………….. 8

Synthesis …………………………………......………………………. 10

3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES

Research Design ………………………......………………………... 12

Population and Sampling…..………………......…………………… 12

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Data Gathering Instrument…………………………………………. 13

Data Gathering Procedure………………………………………….. 14

Data Analysis………………………………………………………….. 14

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION …………......…………………………... 15

5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary ……………………………………………......…………... 25

Findings …………………………………………......…………… 27

Conclusions …………………………………......……………. 30

Recommendations …………………………………......……………. 30

BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………......……………………………… 31

APPENDICES

A. Cover Letter …………………………………………......…………

33

B. Questionnaire…………………………………......………….. 34

C. Transcript……….. …………………………………......…………. 35

CURRICULUM VITAE………...........…………………………......………… 45
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CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

A car or automobile is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation.

Most definitions of car say they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people,

have four tires, and mainly transport people rather than goods. Cars came into

global use during the 20th century, and developed economies depend on them.

Cars have controls for driving, parking, passenger comfort and safety, and

controlling a variety of lights. Brand is a combination of name, symbol and

design.

Brands represent the customer’s perceptions and opinion about

performance of the product. The powerful brand is which resides in the mind of

the consumer. Brands differ in the amount of power and worth they have in the

market place. Some brands are usually unknown to the customers in the

marketplace while on the other hand some brands show very high degree of

awareness. The brands with high awareness have a high level of acceptability

and customers do not refuse to buy such brands as they enjoy the brand

performance. Some brands commend high level of brand loyalty

Over the decades, additional features and controls have been added to

vehicles, making them progressively more complex. Motorized vehicle consisting

of four wheels and powered by an internal engine. Automobiles are used to

transport people and items from one location to another location. After years or
 2
various designs, inventors were able to develop a functional general design that

is utilized by major automakers as the foundation of their designs. Automobiles

generally use gasoline to fuel the internal engine, but technological advances

have led to the design of cars that run on electricity and even water.

In the present generation, everyone wants a car most especially the

teenagers. A college graduate is looking for a job because they dream of having

a car even though their age was too young. It is helpful for everyone to have an

own car for adventure or travelling to many places.

Conceptual framework

This parts represents the conceptual paradigm that illustrates the process

on research.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

OUTPUT
Comparison of A seminar on
Automobile Brand how automobile
Attributes Based consumers
from Consumers’ Questionnaire improve the
Perspectives attributes of their
owned vehicle.

This conceptual framework provides readers to have an overview about

the concept of the study conducted by the researchers. This will be beneficial for

future researchers and to the public.

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The flow starts with the researchers is to determine the automobile brand

attributes based on the consumer wants. Second, the distribution of

questionnaires for the researcher to identify how automobile brands and its

attribute affect the consumer involved. Respondents are those who have a

vehicle would take part in investigation.

The process comprises of the gathering of information through

questionnaires and facts from the respondents. By the end of this study, the

researchers aim to improve the importance of identifying the automobile

attributes on the enhancement of the consumers.

Statement of the problem

This study aimed to identify the different characteristics and features of many

automobile brands as well as the comparison and contrast of each attributes

according to personal ownership and perspective of consumers.

1. What are the common automobile brands owned by consumers?

2. What are the different attributes describe by owners of automobile brands

when it comes to the following aspects:

a. Design

b. Price

c. Mortality rate

d. Injury rating

e. Fuel consumption

f. Maintenance
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g. Operating cost

h. Insurance cost

3. What could be suggested for improvement of various automobile brands?

Scope, Delimitation, and Limitation of the Study

This research was undertaken to determine the wants of consumer’s

automobile attributes. This study focuses on the life and the desire of consumers

to have an automobile for their purposes. The effects of the automobile in terms

in earth, livelihood and health of the citizens and solutions applicable suited to

lessen the negative comments of the consumers. At the end of the study, the

research will identify what are the factors that improve the perspective or the

mindset of the consumers.

The study was limited for those people who have a car and the researcher

choose a respondents living in the area. It covers 20-30 respondents in Batangas

City.

This study is delimited to the wants of consumer’s perspective of

automobile brands attributes. The researchers did not include the process of

consumption or the buying method performed by the consumers who participated

in the study as respondents.

Significance of the Study

The study entitled, “Comparison of Automobile Brand Attributes Based

from Consumers’ Perspectives” would be beneficial to the following:

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Consumers. This study will help them to have a deeper understanding of

automobile attributes.

Parents. This study will help them to advice their son and daughter and provide

them new information and knowledge about the automobile brands attributes.

Students. They can make use of this study as reference about the different

problems of the consumers and its effect for the health and the way of living.

Future researcher. This study can be provided with the information which they

may use as guide in conducting a study relevant to this.

Definition of Terms

Automobile. a road vehicle, typically with four wheels, powered by an internal

combustion engine or electric motor and able to carry a small number of people.

Consumer. a person who purchases goods and services for personal use; user

and owner of various automobile brand and vehicles.

Brand. a type of product manufactured by a particular company under a

particular name; an image or face of an automobile which differentiates set of

attributes from other features of vehicle.

Machine. an assembly of interconnected components arranged to transmit or

modify force in order to perform useful work.

Attribute. a quality or feature regarded as a characteristic or inherent part of

someone or something; known aspects that make a vehicle unique among others

upon evaluation.
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CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Studies and Literature

This section of the paper contains the related literature, related studies,

synthesis and bibliography about the concept of automobiles and the comparison

of its attributes from the past works of researchers.

Related Literature

The present generation is evolving continuously and technology has

become a part of it. Even transportation has become modernized with the

involvement of automobiles. Competitive market makes various knowing brands

arouse and showcase features of vehicles to be patronized by consumers. Past

researches had also sought how products such as vehicles and their

corresponding name affects consumers’ decision and perspective.

Zolkifly (2012) highlighted that the consumer buying process is a complex

matter as many internal and external factors have an impact on the buying

decisions of the consumer. Previous research had made an attempt to know

deeply behind people’s needs and wants by digging more into consumers’

response to controllable marketing stimuli which are summarized into four P’s:

product, price, place and promotion. There are also economic, technological,

political and cultural factors that affect how people view the product specifically

the automobiles and spend money to have it. It can be national brands or

international ones. Each of them portrays certain types of uniqueness and

 7
characteristics in variables namely safety feature, vehicle appearance, resale

value and standing charges related to customer’s satisfaction (Zolkifly, 2012).

Automobiles are defined as big and heavy with lots of mechanical moving

parts (Crawford, 2014). Characteristics of every part has made consumers

interested. Satisfaction and preference are great factors for further improvement

of automobiles created by companies. Other automobile brand attributes are

known to be of great variance depending on the feedback of consumers or

experience of an individual with his or her owned product. Insurance cost may be

present or not as consumers nowadays make marketing online and manually

upgrade their vehicle’s system on their own effort. A piece of recommendation by

Crawford (2014) stated that consumers must be fully aware of how the auto

repair industry works as they are the ones responsible for their own vehicle from

time to time.

Nowadays, individuals have a number of transportation options resulting

to increase and variety of decisions (Deloitte, 2014). People have a great role to

play in the automobile industry not just customers but basis of development of

automobiles.

According to Pednekar (2013), consumer perception has an equivalent

importance in the growth of vehicle companies and business. It involves how

people are satisfied with the product they earned for. Customer satisfaction, as

defined by Yuvaraju & Rao (2014), is a feeling of pleasure or disappointment

resulting from comparing products.

 8
The book of McKinsey&Company (2016) indicates the journey of

customers which are portrayed as framework that allows a company to organize

itself and make adjustments to deliver value to customers consistently, in line

with its purpose. How people view certain products affect the overall market and

integrity of competitors resulting to variety of comparison and contrast.

Related Studies

The appearance is always a main point in choosing and buying

automobiles next to the chosen brand. In relation with this, Gayathri (2014)

emphasized that people select cars in accordance to their tastes and the

availability of funds. Consumers purchase cars with design of their standards and

that is within the reach of availability as well as amount of money.

In the study conducted by Gayathri (2014), consumers are said to prefer

local brands to foreign brands when price, brand name and technical features are

invariant. Thus, consumers’ perspective is therefore the accent of the automobile

industry for certain advancement in various automobile brand attributes.

Automobiles come with trademark or brands they are known for. Brand image is

broader than brand personality in real as stated by Gayathri (2014)

Function of automobiles lie on the machines that are correlated with one

another. Hazare (2014) identified that its foundation is developed in connecting

subjective, customers’ expectations and brand attributes to higher-level objective

vehicle engineering targets and consequently divide these down into subsystem-
 9
level requirement and component-level design specifications. The provision of

quality over quantity is, in fact, an essential belief for consumers.

High costs are evidently found to be associated with product recalls, car

repairs, injuries and deaths because of unsafe product design or quality (Cruz,

2015). Looking at the overall specifications, consumer satisfaction lies in

between those parts. Negative customer response can decrease customer

loyalty and its continuous emergence is because of compared product quality,

cost and safety features associated with product offerings according to Cruz

(2015).

After the moment of buying or exchange, the consumers then identify the

physique of automobile and identify its needs for enhancement. Based from the

review of the economics literature in the research of Dreyfus & Viscusi (2006),

safety, fuel economy, power, reliability and durability are the most important

brand attributes. Other important variables also include physical characteristics,

vehicle size, manufacturer or nation of origin, and vehicle age. To be specific,

these are detailed as: design, mortality rate, injury rating, operating cost,

insurance cost, and especially, the price. These instruments of daily

transportation are identified as investment of money depending on how

consumers want it. Automobiles are also among the most regulated consumer

products (Dreyfus & Viscusi, 2006).

The next factor that people consider in automobiles is the cost or price.

With the research conducted by Singh & Srivativa (2013), satisfaction levels for

pricing attributes like car price, discount and service charges are generally lower
 10
than product related attributes. People invest money to receive the quality they

want to.

The latter researcher had stated that despite of high sales, customer’s

satisfactions towards national car brands were low as compared to imported

cars. Yuvaraju & Rao (2014) studied one example of a major selling national car

brand – Honda. It was established upon the fundamental value of each

individual. But aside from this, there are many other competitive brands not just

in the local area but more so, from the foreign market.

Synthesis

The similarity between the studies of Yuvaraju & Rao (2014), Pednekar

(2014) and the present research is that both studies revolve around consumers’

perception. Both also focused on the satisfaction of consumers on automobile

brands. Yet, there is also a difference in between in such a way that the past

study highlights the equal importance of growth in vehicle companies and

business. Yuvaraju & Rao (2014) also paid attention on the fundamental values

of consumers.

The literature of Crawford (2014) and the study conducted by Hazare

(2014) are similar to this study because of the concept of vehicle machine and

features as well as work done by consumers for their vehicles. The former works

differ from this study in the way that Crawford (2014) emphasized all

characteristics of every part of automobiles that has made consumers interested.

Satisfaction and preference which are great factors for improvement of

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automobiles created by companies were stressed. On the other hand, Hazare

(2014) identified in his study that the automobile’s foundation is developed in

connecting subjective, customers’ expectations and brand attributes

The similarities of the book by Mckinsey & Company (2016) and the thesis

of Lata & Singh (2017) to the present study are compressed into the ideas which

point out to the price of automobile and the quality that consumers want or need.

They are somewhat different with this study in the way that the past works

indicated the journey of customers which is portrayed as framework of

organization of companies and of value delivered to consumers. Various works

collaborate with the study.

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CHAPTER III

Research Methodology

This chapter presents how the study is conducted. Series of methods and

procedures are employed. Thus, the research design, the respondents of the

study, the data gathering instruments as well as statistical measures used to

clarify the study are presented here.

Research Design

The researchers used the grounded theory to properly conduct the study

and acquire the necessary information. This study utilized in determining on how

the consumer’s perspective helps their knowledge of choosing the automobile

brands and their attributes. The descriptive method of research allows the

collection and analysis of data needed to realize and to come up on the main

goal of the study.

The grounded theory method is a controlled procedure in which the data

to be collected must be analyzed thoroughly to discover the accurate information

and interpretation of data. The researcher used grounded theory method of

research to verify the present situation to have better understanding of the nature

of the study.
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Subject of the Study

The respondents of the study were 20 owners of vehicles around

Batangas City. The respondents were selected using purposive sampling

method. The researchers ensured that the respondents are living in places at risk

of being consumers and around or within the reach of researchers prior to the

answering of the questionnaires.

Data Gathering Instruments Used

The data in this study was gathered through a set of questionnaires. The

questionnaire was the main gathering instruments supplemented by personal

interviews.

The researchers used a closed form type of questionnaire. The items in

the questionnaire were constructed based on the statement of the problem of the

researcher being study. The questionnaires were divided into different parts. Part

1 what are the common automobile brands owned by consumers, Part II what

are the different attributes describe by owners of automobile brands when comes

to the following aspect. Lastly, what could be suggested for improvement of

automobile brands?

The researchers prepared questionnaire validated through the help of the

adviser, subject teacher, academic heads, and principal. The researcher

incorporated the comments and suggestion given by the subject teacher for
 14
clarification of the items in the questionnaire. These processes served as

validation efforts of the researcher.

Prior to the administration of questionnaire, the researchers will choose

seven (7) people from Kumintang Ibaba, seven (6) people from Soro Soro Ilaya,

and six (6) people from Rosario, Batangas, with the total of 20 respondents. The

researchers distributed the questionnaire to the respondents. They were

informed of the purpose of the study and the need for their honest answers. The

researchers retrieved the questionnaires from the respondents’ right after they

had finished answering it. Through the help of the respondents, the

questionnaires were retrieved.

Procedures

Data collection was undertaken through a series of activities. The first step

is the validation of the questionnaire that will be used as the main data gathering

instrument. Next, there would be a series of interviews prior to the answering of

questionnaires. The data to be collected are to be analyzed and tabulated and

will be considered in determining the effectiveness of the said product.

Data analysis
After collecting the data, every data was occupied in the study, the data

will be analyzing and interpret based on what kind of answer they had.

Every data from the selected respondents were deal with the outmost

confidentiality as to contribute accurately and effectively in the study being

conducted. As the consumers, especially who are wants to buy a car base on
 15
their perspective around in the Batangas city. However, the researchers are

unbiased with the situation and they avoid any inexpert connection with the

respondents.
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CHAPTER IV
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

This section of the research paper presents the tabulated data gathered

and understanding of the respondents’ answers on questions with careful

analysis and interpretation.

Graph 1

Automobile Brands Used

Automobile Brands Used

Toyota Honda Mitsubishi Isuzu

Hyundai Suzuki Ford Yamaha
Toyota and Hyundai Toyota and Rusi

The graph shows the division of respondents who own various brands of

automobiles. Out of the total number of 20 respondents, 9 own Toyota, 3 for

Honda and one for each of the rest of automobile brands states. With regards to

the graph, the automobile brand with the most number of consumers is named as

Toyota. Since Toyota he famous brand in the areas of Batangas City, the results

also correspond with the real situation. The researchers also witnessed the
 17
growing business of the specific automobile company. The brands were choices

of the Filipinos because of many influential factors such as the popularity of the

brand, the features the automobiles have and the service the respective brand

company offer to consumers.

This is connected with the study conducted by Gayathri, D. L. (2014)

which stated that brand preferences were affected by various attributes. The

research proved that most people prefer international brands which are known

ones than the domestic automobile brands especially Japanese brands of

vehicle. This served as evidence on the previous result shown. Toyota is a

Japanese brand and that is also why most Filipinos own this brand of vehicle.

Further results show their own evaluation on their owned vehicle in accord with

the different attributes of an automobile.

 Table 1
18
Comparison of Automobile Brands Used
BRAND MODEL PRICE MORTALITY RATE INJURY RATING FUEL CONSUMPTION MAINTENANCE OPERATING COST INSURANCE
Toyota “Revo; silver.”(R1) “P800k+”(R1) “25 years.”(R1) “No injury.”(R1) “Depends on usage.”(R1) “Cleaning 4x a month.”(R1) “P20k”(R1) “None.”(R1)
“Fortuner”(R2) “P1, 921, 000 “25 years.”(R2) “No damage.” (R2) “Fuel consuming.” (R2) “Change oil every 2 months; 4x “None.”(R2) “No insurance
“Red; small body, sun- plus.”(R2) “2.5%”(R4) “Safe” (R4) “50% out of 100%”(R4) a month cleaning.”(R2) “P35, 000 to P75, 000; cost.”(R2)
roof type.”(R4) “P100k.”(R4) “25 years; “Brand new.”(R6) “P250 - Php 1000 “Doesn’t have a weak upgrade”(R4) “Php 20k.”(R6)
“Wigo; gray”(R6) “P700k.”(R6) depends”(R6) “Good condition” (R7) plus.”(R6) point”(R4) “None”(R6) “Php 20k.”(R7)
“Vios 1.3”(R7) “P615k.”(R7) “20 years.”(R7) “Not accident prone; “Depends on daily “P5k to P10k.”(R6) “None.”(R7) “No insurance
“Good design” (R11) “P700k” (R11) “8 years.”(R11) safe”(R11) use”(R7) “P12k to P15k.”(R7) “P10k.” (R14) cost.”(R14)
“Hilux; silver.”(R14) “P798k plus.”(R14) “5 years.”(R14) “None” (R14) “Efficient”(R11) “Every 4 months of changing “P10k - P20k”(R16) “I do not know.” (R16)
“Red; good quality.”(R16) “Affordable” (R16) “2 years.”(R16) “3 accidents” (R16) “Depends on usage”(R14) oil; clean 2x a month”(R14) “Have not done any “None.” (R17)
“Gray” (R17) “Affordable.” (R17) “5 years and 6 “3 accidents; well”(R17) “Always on full tank”(R16) “Easy”(R16) upgrade.”(R17) “Insured with third-
“Small body; summer “P180k; secondhand.” months.” (R17) “Tougher than Hyundai.” “Less consumer”(R17) “Affordable; easy”(R17) “Expensive; depends party liability (TPL)
blue.”(R19) (R19) “23 years.”(R19) (R19) “Uses carburetor.”(R19) “P1000 week”(R19) on how one manage that costs below Php
“Corolla; big body; “Php 800k plus.”(R20) “25 years.”(R20) “Starter engine and “Fuel consumer.”(R20) “Maintenance 4x a year; the expenses.” (R19) 500.”(R19)
blue.”(R20) headlight problem” (R20) cleaning 4x a month.”(R20) “Php 20k.”(R20) “None.”(R20)

Honda “Open to light scratches.” ““Php 1, 835, “10 years.”(R10) “Rare damage; good “Dpends on daily “P14k - Php 17k” (R10) “Over P8k”(R10) “Php 24, 000.”(R10)
(R10) 000.”(R10) “8 years.”R13) condition.” (R10) use.”(R10) “Change oil 2x a month; “P10k.”(R13) “Insurance cost is
“Civic FD”(R13) ““Php 800k.”(R13) “10 years.”(R15) “None.”(R13) “Thrifty.”(R13) cleaning 1x a week.”(R13) “Php 5k.”(R15) none.”(R13)
“Dio motorcycle; blue ““Php 5k.”(R15) “Damaged wiring.” (R15) “Depends on usage and “Cleaning 1x a week.”(R15) “None.” (R15)
green.”(R15) speed”(R15)
Hyundai “Applicable to owner’s “P2.5 million.”(R9) “15-20 years.”(R9) “Seldom accidents; light “It consumes fuel just “Cleaning 3-5 x a year.”(R9) “Php 20k.”(R9) “Insured at the
needs.”(R9) “P180k on “Will be on its 6th scratches only.”(R9) right.”(R9) “Php 1000 per week; “Depends on shop and amount of Php
“Hyundai accent; crystal secondhand.” (R19) year.” (R19) “Fuel injected.”(R19) depends”(R19) management of 25k.”(R9)
white.”(R19) expenses.” (R19)
Mitsubishi “Pretty good; a bit prone “Php 1, 480, 000.”(R5) “10 years.”(R5) “Rare injuries; still in good “Depends on daily “Php 15, 000.”(R5) “Over Php 5, 000.”(R5) “Comprehensive; Php
to light scratches.” (R5) condition.” (R5) use.”(R5) 21, 000.”(R5)
Isuzu “Elf truck; white.”(R3) “P500k + ”(R3) “15 years.”(R3) “No damage”(R3) “Depends on use”(R3) “Cleaning 2x a month.”(R3) “Php 10k, all in all.”(R3) “Insurance cost is
none.”(R3)
Suzuki “Motorcycle; blue and “P70, 000” (R18) “12 years.”(R18) “8 accidents” (R18) “Fuel consumer.”(R18) “Changing oil every 2 months; “No insurance.” (R18)
black”(R18) cleaning 2x a week.”(R18)
Ford “Ranger; dark “Affordable.” (R12) “12 months and 6 “No injury or damage.” “Often full tank”(R12) “Free since it is new”(R12) “Haven’t spent for “Comprehensive.”
orange.”(R12) days.”(R12) (R12) it”(R12) (R12)
Yamaha “Mio Sporty; 40c4; “Php 64, 900.”(R8) “15 years.”(R8) “Damaged starter”(R8) “P150 for 1 week; 3.7 “P4k to P6k.”(R8) “P3k to P6k”(R8) “Php 315.40.”(R8)
green.”(R8) liters.”(R8)
Rusi “Yellow green; no “More affordable than “For 5 years and 6 “Had 3 accidents ; no “A less consumer of fuel “Affordable and my vehicle is “Change of side mirror; “None.”(R17)
change on design.”(R17) Toyota”(R17) months”(R17) present damage”(R17) and it is just right.”(R17) easy to maintain.”(R17) haven’t upgrade.”(R17)
 19
The table shows the overall attributes of each of the automobile brand that

consumers use. Comparing all the features the vehicle owners stated, Toyota has the

most number of consumers.

Based from the table, when it comes to model of automobiles, they specified it

with the color coding and the composition by means of unit and type of vehicles. Colors

are of elegance and simplicity including solid and plain colors. Consumers of Toyota

brand are mostly car owners compared to Isuzu which is a truck and Honda, Suzuki,

Yamaha and Rusi which have a motorcycle type of vehicle. The respondents stated that

Hyundai has a composition which extends to the needs of owners while Mitsubishi was

said to be prone to light scratcher. The design of automobiles portrays the consumers

taste and standards.

Zolkifly (2012) mentioned that aesthetic and identity related factors such as the

automobile style and trend are among the ten most important purchasing criteria for

consumers. Brand impression are mostly influenced by the product appearance

especially the color. The design influences consumer’s level of pleasure and satisfaction

with the product. This study is somehow related to the results when it comes to the

model of automobiles in the way that Filipinos are really fond of looking at the

appearance first and see if it suits their preference thus, influencing their decision and

evaluation of the brand.

Looking at the cost of every vehicle, the table showcases how automobiles are

relatively expensive. The price of Toyota has an estimated amount of Php 100, 000 and

Php 1 million plus which is relatively similar to other brands although one (1)

respondents said that Rusi is more affordable than Toyota. Almost all the respondents
 20
bought their vehicles brand new while few said it is affordable since they received it on

secondhand.

On the research of Dodds (2009) on the concept of perception of consumers on

price deals in the automobile industry, he stated that many people still preferred to really

earn and spend great amount of money to achieve and own an automobile. Most people

buy brand new vehicles as a strong preference while it is seldom that people would

spend money for further effort on upgrade for an automobile. The study also indicated

that consumers would prefer a foreign car over a domestic one, and in particular, the

Japanese model. This is evident in the present results where Toyota is a Japanese

brand of automobile known in the Philippines and the ability of Filipinos to earn for what

they want.

Comparing the life of different vehicles, more respondents testified their

uncertainty when it comes to the mortality rate of their own automobiles than those of

the sure ones. Comparing the mortality rate of the brands indicated in the table, Toyota

lasts the longest among the other brands. Toyota vehicles were said to live for 2 years

to 25 years. On the other hand, the rest of the brands have an estimated of 5 months to

20 years lifetime. Other consumers believed that life of automobiles depend on how the

owner manages and use it.

Injury rating determines the number of accidents and the damage that made an

impact to consumers’ automobiles. Toyota, Suzuki and Yamaha were made of great

durability as shown in the table. Even though the vehicles had histories of accidents,

they said that it was still safe and functioning well. Others stated they had problems with
 21
wiring and starter engine. But all in all, the brands were composed of safety

mechanisms to cope up with numerous accidents.

The ability of an automobile to withstand injuries and damage was tested in the

previous research of Yuvaraju and Rao (2014). This wherein they tested a Honda brand

of automobile and the results show that most number of respondents prefer quality over

price while brand image is really connected with the service of the automobile. This

proved that brand impression also depends on its structure that keeps safety and good

function against sudden happenings especially damage which supports the said result.

Another factor of an automobile is the fuel consumption. Vehicle owners mostly

described their expenses on fuel and how much fuel their vehicles used. Most Toyota

vehicle owners said that their automobiles are not fuel consumer as well as the other

brands except Hyundai and Suzuki which consume lot amount of fuel. The respondents

also stated that fuel consumption depends on usage. They usually spend Php 100 to

Php 1, 000 for fuel to be used for days or weeks.

Safety and fuel efficiency are two of the prominent factors that concern

automobile consumers according to the research conducted by Dreyfus and Viscusi

(2006). Its findings concluded that extreme responses of customer relate to the

automobile’s use of fuel and the fuel cost. When consumers are unaware of the function

of automobile and its fuel usage, they are more likely to spend more with additional

taxes. And in the present study, almost all the respondents are mindful of their vehicles

resulting to the decision of spending wisely on the cost of fuel for daily use.
 22
Maintenance, which is a major action done by consumers to their automobiles, is

defined by the amount of money owners spend, number of times of changing its oil and

cleaning and the description of whether a vehicle is easy to maintain or not. Based from

the table Honda invests the most money on maintenance which ranges from Php 14k to

Php 17k, next is Mitsubishi which amounts to Php 15k, then Toyota that amounts to Php

5k to Php 10k and the least money amounts to Php 4k to Php 6k which is invested on

the maintenance of Yamaha. However, cleaning and changing of oil are the most

essential actions done to maintain the vehicle. Toyota vehicles owners had an

estimated of 2 times a month change oil and 4 times a month cleaning while Hyundai

needs to be cleaned 3 to 5 times a month. The consumers mostly depend on their

financial capability on maintaining their automobiles.

The study conducted by Cruz (2015) on the relationship of product quality and

customer satisfaction showed that numerous people agreed that certain automobiles

especially the known brands from national state are durable and dependable. This

resulted to heightened level of confidence on the consumer about the vehicle they own.

This is somehow related to the particular result in such a way that the consumers also

portray their confidence on their automobiles when it comes to maintenance. The

frequency of maintenance depend on the need of the vehicle which is evident in the

past research.

Operating cost is identified with the upgrade system and amount of parts to

repair a certain automobile. Toyota brand has the most expensive amount of operating

costs which includes those expenses on upgrade system, repair and vehicle parts. The

estimated amount ranges from Php 10k to Php 75k. On the other hand, the least
 23
amount of expenses for operating cost is Yamaha which just costs around Php 3k to

Php 6k. Some consumers said that factors vary depending on the characteristic of

owners when it comes to improving the appearance and function of the automobile and

also, the shop of vehicle parts.

Most automobiles of the present time are not insured as referred to the table.

Most Toyota owners have no insurance for their vehicles. Yet, the consumers that have

insurance said that it amounts to Php 20k which is relatively low compare to other

brands. The highest amount of insurance cost is Php 25k which is Hyundai. The other

brands such as Mitsubishi and Honda are said to have comprehensive insurance cost.

The rest did not have their car insured.

 24
Table 2
Suggestions for Automobile Brand Improvement

BRAND SUGGESTIONS
Toyota “The Toyota brand of automobile is a well-improved one because it is easier to
find as well as its parts in our country unlike the other cars.”(R1)
“Toyota is an improved brand of automobile because the parts can easily be
found in this country. It also has a good quality when you drive a Toyota
vehicle.”(R2)
“When it comes to Toyota brand of vehicle, the parts can be easily seen in our
country unlike the other cars. It can also be easily upgraded such as the engine
machine, tires, interior design and much more. Driving the vehicle is also
comfortable for me.”(R4)
“I suggest that owners should go on their proper services to have a check up to
the condition of the vehicles for at least twice a month.”(R6)
“I recommend that vehicle owners must drive their car two (2) times a week and
do not stuck it up in the garage because it will result to negative effects on the
automobile.”(R7)
“First of all, a driver must be well-disciplined by knowing the do’s and don’ts of
the car. Also, always maintain a well-conditioned car for safety purposes.
Lastly, the person must be responsible while driving.”(R11)
“I would like for more new styles and greater performance for the vehicle.”(R16)
“I suggest that the price will be at lower cost, make the engine more powerful
and make the vehicle less consumer of gas or fuel.”(R17)
“Actually, if there is money present to afford the car and a person is capable of
driving, it is already fine to acquire one even without the knowledge about the
specifications and description of the unit.”(R19)
“The automobile parts of a Toyota brand is really easy to find. It showcases
good quality when driving the vehicle.”(R20)

Honda “Constant maintenance is advised for twice a month at most.”(R10)

“The automobile is fine and the parts can be easily found.”(R15)
Hyundai “I suggest that monthly maintenance is a must to ensure the safety of the driver
and the passengers of the automobile.”(R9)
“Actually, if there is money present to afford the car and a person is capable of
driving, it is already fine to acquire one even without the knowledge about the
specifications and description of the unit.”(R19)
Mitsubishi
Isuzu “I suggest that they strengthen the siding of the vehicle more and the buttons
should be arranged as well as the wiring. But overall, it is fine. It is also
comfortable to use.”(R3)
Suzuki “I highly advise that the vehicle be made fuel efficient and the look must be
upgraded.”(R18)
Ford “I have no suggestion.”(R12)
Yamaha “I do a monthly checkup in Yamaha branch to maintain the condition of my
vehicle.”
Rusi “I suggest that the price will be at lower cost, make the engine more powerful
and make the vehicle less consumer of gas or fuel.”(R17)
 25
Respondents mostly suggested for a lower price of the vehicle and improved

design. But the most numbers of respondents which are composed of Toyota vehicle

owners said that their automobiles are already well-improved. They also commented

that Toyota brand is already a developed brand since its parts are easily found in the

Philippines. The rest of the respondents who have a different brand of automobile

owned suggested constant maintenance must be done to improve the attributes of the

vehicle. Others recommended that automobile companies must make a change to

certain parts of the vehicle. Meanwhile, a number of consumers recommended

occasional check-ups to be done by owners for the safety of their owned automobiles.

Therefore, respondents grade the attributes of their owned automobiles based on

their received satisfaction and quality of service from the brand company. The

analyzation of data is not affected by the demographics of respondents, such as age

and genders. Selection of respondents is based only to their ability or state of being an

owner of a specific brand of automobile. Interpreting the data gathered from the

answers of respondents to questions is solely based on what they have actually

experienced upon using their owned vehicle and the attributes of the automobiles they

have discovered along the way.

 26
Chapter V

Summary, Findings, Conclusion and Recommendation

This chapter presents the summary, findings, conclusion and recommendation of

the research paper.

Summary

The study entitled “Comparison of Automobile Brand Attributes Based from

Consumers’ Perspectives” aimed to know the brand attributes of the automobile and

depends on the owner’s perspective.

It specifically sought answer the following question:

1. What are the common automobile brands owned by consumers?

2. What are the different attributes describe by owners of automobile brands when it

comes to the following aspects:

i. Design

j. Price

k. mortality rate

l. injury rating

m. fuel consumption

n. maintenance

o. operating cost

p. insurance cost

3. What could be suggested for improvement of various automobile brands?

 27
The researchers used the Grounded Theory to properly conduct the study and

acquire the necessary information. This design is utilized in determining on how the

consumer’s perspective helps their knowledge of choosing the automobile brands and

their attributes. The Grounded theory method of research utilized through generating

theory that is relevant to the study based only on the chosen respondent’s perspective.

Survey questionnaires were used for the researchers to derive the needed information

for the study. Secondary sources like books, journals, unpublished materials, and online

references, were consulted to validate different data related to the study.

The study consisted of 20 participants ages 20 and above who own an

automobile or vehicle. The researchers used purposive sampling to be able to acquire

accurate results since the research study requires certain qualities for the respondents.

The respondents’ identities were kept with utmost confidentiality.

 28
Findings

1. What automobile brand did the respondents use?

Most numbers of respondents answered that they use the automobile brand

Toyota which is equivalent to 48% of the total number of respondents.

2. How did the respondents describe the automobile they use according to

their own experiences?

a. Model

When it comes to vehicle model, despite of the brand name of automobile, the

respondents prefer plain and solid colors that resembles their taste and standards.

Most number of respondents are car owners which correspond to 75% of the total

number of respondents. The rest is composed of motorcycle and truck owners.

b. Price

It was found out that the most expensive automobile brand which ranges from

Php 100, 000 to Php 1 million includes Toyota, Mitsubishi, Isuzu, Hyundai and

Honda. Yet, in accord with the most number of respondents which is about 52% of

the total number of respondents, Toyota tops the list.

c. Mortality Rate

Toyota has the longest mortality rate which estimates to about 2 to 25 years. The

other brands only went up to 20 years of lifetime which equates to 48% of the total

number of respondents.
 29
d. Injury Rating

The study showed that most of the automobiles have the level of durability the

owners need against sudden accidents. Almost all of the Toyota vehicle owners had

experienced no severe damage after minor accidents. About 20% of the consumers

stated common problems on wiring and starter engine.

e. Fuel Consumption

Most of the respondents said that fuel consumption depends on the usage

especially the daily use of the owners. Approximately, the cost of gasoline ranges

from (Php 100 to Php 1000) per week. About 90% of the total number of

respondents despite the brand they own, stated that the vehicles they own do not

consume a lot of fuel.

f. Maintenance

Most of the respondents said that their vehicles in estimate of one (1) to four (4)

times in a week while others do this in a month. Forty-three percent (43%) of the

total number of respondents are proved to be cleaning and changing oil to maintain

the performance of the automobiles. The rest said they spend an average of Php

1000 to Php 15, 000 for their vehicle maintenance. This time, Honda has the most

expensive maintenance cost ranging from Php 14, 000 to Php 17, 000.

g. Operating Cost

Most of the respondents’ said they spent thousands of pesos for the parts,

upgrade or repair of their owned vehicles which is evident in the table shown

wherein vehicle owners lay off Php 10, 000 – Php 75, 000 for the overall operating
 30
cost. Toyota has the most expensive operating cost. The consumers were found out

to be critical on considering an upgrade instead of buying a new one.

h. Insurance Cost

Most number of respondents which is equivalent to 52% of the total number of

respondents stated that their automobiles are not insured. On the other hand, the

estimated amount of insured vehicles costs about Php 20, 000 and the most

expensive is Hyundai which has an insurance cost of around Php 25, 000.

3. What suggestions did the respondents give for further improvement of

the automobile attributes?

A total of 29% respondents stated that Toyota brand of automobile they own is

already well-improved. The other 29% respondents recommended that owners and

drivers should maintain their owned car by having consistent and frequent check-ups to

ensure safety of the vehicles. While, the remaining few respondents have no suggestion

for the automobiles they own.

Conclusion

From the findings of the study, the following conclusions are drawn :

1.) Toyota brand of automobile has the most number of consumers in the area of

Batangas City.

2.) Different automobile attributes which include model, price, mortality rate,

injury rating, fuel consumption, operating and insurance cost affect the

consumers on their preference on the various brands of vehicle.

 31
3.) High numbers of automobile consumers are actually confident and satisfied

with the vehicles they own especially the brand Toyota while others consider

constant check-ups to improve the performance of automobiles.

Recommendation

Based on the conclusions of the study, the following are recommended:

1. Cautiousness and carefulness is needed in choosing a specific vehicle of a

consumer’s choice.

2. An automobile consumer must be familiar and knowledgeable when it comes to

the different attributes of his/her owned vehicle.

3. Proper maintenance and precise care should be applied to sustain the stability of

a specific brand of vehicle.

 32
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books:

Crawford, J. (2014) The crawford’s auto repair guide to beginner’s auto

maintenance & repair. Mesa, Arizona.

Deloitte. (2014) Global automotive consumer study: exploring consumers’ mobility

and transportation decisions.

McKinset&Company (2016) Customer experience: creating value through

transforming customer journeys, 1.

Pednekar. (2013) Consumer perception in the growth of vehicle companies and

attributes

Zolkifly, N. H. B. (2012) Examining customer’s satisfaction towards national car

attributes among malay, Chinese and indian. Malaysia: University

Teknologi Mara.
 33
Theses:

Cruz, A. V. (2015) Relationship between product quality and satisfaction. Walden

Dissertations and Doctoral Studies. ScholarWorks.

Dreyfus, M. & Viscusi, W. (2006) Rates of time preference and consumer

valuations of automobile safety and fuel efficiency. Journal of Law and

Economics, 38(1), 79-105.

Gayathri, D. L. (2014) A study on consumer preference on users of car in

krishnagiri town. Thirupattur: M.Phil, Research Scholar, Sacred Heart

College, 1(5).

Hazare, M. (2014) An integrated systems engineering methodology for design of

vehicle handling dynamics. Clemson University.

Lata, H. & Singh, A. (2017) Customer satisfaction towards maruti suzuki cars. A

Case Study of Solan City, Himachal Pradesh, 3(4).

Yuvaraju, D. & Durga Rao, S. (2014) Customer satisfaction towards honda two

wheelers: a case study in tirupati. Journal of Business and Management,

16(5), 65-74.
 34
APPENDIX A

COVER LETTER FOR RESPONDENTS

Dear Respondents,

Good day respondents! We are the students from the University of Batangas

Senior High School Department. As a requirement for our subject in Practical Research

1, we hereby ask for your permission to answer the questions that will follow. The

purpose of this questionnaire is to identify the various attributes of automobile brands

based from your own perspective as consumers. We are currently conducting a study

entitled as “Comparison of Automobile Brands Based from Consumers’ Perspectives”.

In relation to this we would like to request you to become one of our respondents

who will contribute valuable knowledge about the mentioned study. We are hoping that

you will lend some of your time in answering the questions.

Researchers:

Paz, James Kevin

Bayonito, Maria Cristina

Valdez, Marc Reggie

Noted:

_______________________
Ma’am Isabela Gamara
Practical Research 1 Subject Teacher
 35
QUESTIONNAIRE
Name (optional): Gender:
Type of Vehicle Owned:
Age:
Good day respondents! We, researchers, hereby ask for your permission to
answer the questions that will follow. The purpose of this questionnaire is to identify and
compare the different attributes of automobile brands based from consumers’
perspectives.
Directions: Please answer the questions below according to your own experiences.
1. What automobile brand do you use?

2. How would you describe the automobile you use in terms of the following
attributes?
a. Design (Appearance, Color, Composition)

b. Price (Amount, Affordability)

c. Mortality rate (Life of Vehicle, Years Owned)

d. Injury Rating (Prone to Accidents, Damage Capability)

e. Fuel Consumption (Use of fuel to function, Frequency and Level of Fuel

Usage)

f. Maintenance (Durability, How the Vehicle Lasted)

g. Operating Cost (Amount, Automobile Parts Repair, Upgrade System)

h. Insurance Cost (Amount, Reliability of Company to Vehicle Accidents)

3. What suggestions can you give for the improvement of these automobile
attributes?
 36
APPENDIX B

TRANSCRIPT

1. What automobile brand do you use?

RESPONDENTS RESPONSE
Respondent 1 “Toyota.”
Respondent 2 “Toyota.”
Respondent 3 “Isuzu.”
Respondent 4 “Toyota.”
Respondent 5 “Mitsubishi.”
Respondent 6 “Toyota.”
Respondent 7 “Toyota.”
Respondent 8 “Yamaha.”
Respondent 9 “Hyundai.”
Respondent 10 “Honda CR-V.”
Respondent 11 “Toyota.”
Respondent 12 “Ford Ranger.”
Respondent 13 “Honda.”
Respondent 14 “Toyota.”
Respondent 15 “Honda.”
Respondent 16 “Toyota.”
Respondent 17 “Toyota and Rusi.”
Respondent 18 “Suzuki.”
Respondent 19 “Toyota small body 92 and Hyundai
Accent 2011.”
Respondent 20 “Toyota.”
 37
2. How would you describe the automobile you use to your own experiences?
a. Model
RESPONDENTS RESPONSE
Respondent 1 “My automobile is Revo with the color of silver.”
Respondent 2 “I have a Fortuner automobile design.”
Respondent 3 “My automobile is an elf truck in color white.”
Respondent 4 “My vehicle is red, with a small body and it also
includes a sun-roof type.”
Respondent 5 “My automobile is pretty good yet its design is a bit
prone to light scratches.”
Respondent 6 “I have a Wigo automobile in plain gray color.”
Respondent 7 “My vehicle is Vios 1.3E design.”
Respondent 8 “I have Mio, the sporty one in structure of 40c4 in
color green.”
Respondent 9 “The design is really applicable to the needs and
wants of the owner.”
Respondent 10 “My automobile brand has a good design, yet open
to light scratches.”
Respondent 11 “The design of the automobile brand is composed
of red color, with stock engine, black mags and
aeoullus tires, 2.5 G unit.
Respondent 12 “My automobile is in color dark orange.”
Respondent 13 “The design is of that Civic FD in color black.”
Respondent 14 “My automobile is Hilux in silver color.”
Respondent 15 “I have a Dio motorcycle with the color of blue
green.”
Respondent 16 “The appearance of my vehicle is good, and for
me, red color is the best one. Its brand is in good
quality.”
Respondent 17 “The color is gray and the other one is yellow
green. All are stock without changing its physical
design.”
Respondent 18 “I have a motorcycle in blue and black color.”
Respondent 19 “My Toyota has a structure of a small body in color
summer blue while my Hyundai accent is in crystal
white.”
Respondent 20 “My automobile is Corolla with big body in color
blue.”
 38
b. Price
RESPONDENTS RESPONSE
Respondent 1 “Php 800k plus.”
Respondent 2 “Php 1, 921, 000 plus.”
Respondent 3 “Php 500k plus.”
Respondent 4 “Php 100k.”
Respondent 5 “Php 1, 480, 000.”
Respondent 6 “Php 700, 000.”
Respondent 7 “Php 615, 000.”
Respondent 8 “Php 64, 900.”
Respondent 9 “2.5 million pesos.”
Respondent 10 “Php 1, 835, 000.”
Respondent 11 “Php 700k and it is well-conditioned.”
Respondent 12 “For me, the price is affordable.”
Respondent 13 “Php 800k.”
Respondent 14 “Php 798, 000 plus.”
Respondent 15 “Php 5k.”
Respondent 16 “The price of my automobile is quite
affordable for me.”
Respondent 17 “The first one is affordable but the
other one is more affordable when it
comes to the price.”
Respondent 18 “I spent Php 70, 000. It is a bit
expensive but has a total
performance.”
Respondent 19 “It costs Php 180k and I bought it on
secondhand.”
Respondent 20 “Php 800k plus.”
 39
c. Mortality Rate
RESPONDENTS RESPONSE
Respondent 1 “25 years.”
Respondent 2 “25 years.”
Respondent 3 “Mine is for 15 years.”
Respondent 4 “I rate my automobile at 2.5%
mortality rate.”
Respondent 5 “A vehicle will last depending on use.
Mostly, it’s about 10 years.”
Respondent 6 “Mine can live until 25 years but it
depends on how you manage your
car.”
Respondent 7 “With 1298cc 4cyl engine, it can last
up to 20 years.”
Respondent 8 “An automobile’s life depends on how
one use it. It can live approximately 15
years.”
Respondent 9 “I think it ranges from 15-20 years.”
Respondent 10 “It depends on usage. Mostly,
mortality rate is about 10 years.”
Respondent 11 “It can live for 8 years but I have
owned my vehicle for only 1 years
after we bought it.”
Respondent 12 “I owned my automobile for 12 months
and 6 days.”
Respondent 13 “I say it is 8 years.”
Respondent 14 “I think it is 5 years.”
Respondent 15 “Its life is about 10 years.”
Respondent 16 “Approximately, I have owned it for 2
years.”
Respondent 17 “For 5 years and 6 months, my vehicle
lasted at this range of time.”
Respondent 18 “A vehicle can live long for 12 years.”
Respondent 19 “My Toyota had lived for 23 years
while Hyundai, which was acquired
last 2012 will be on its 6th year on
October.”
Respondent 20 “I think an automobile will last for 25
years.”
 40
d. Injury Rating
RESPONDENTS RESPONSE
Respondent 1 “My automobile has no injury.”
Respondent 2 “It had no damage.”
Respondent 3 “No damage ever since.”
Respondent 4 “With the rating of 1.8%, I can say my
automobile has been safe for my
family. We have only encountered
minor accidents.”
Respondent 5 “Injuries are rare for my vehicle and
still in good condition.”
Respondent 6 “My automobile is still brand new.”
Respondent 7 “My vehicle is still in good condition
like that of a brand new one.”
Respondent 8 “The starter was just damaged and
sometimes did not function. Yet
overall, it is still in good condition.”
Respondent 9 “Accidents are seldom and my
automobile has light scratches only.”
Respondent 10 “Damage is rare and my vehicle is still
in good condition.”
Respondent 11 “It is not so prone to accidents. It is
composed of airbags for safety.”
Respondent 12 “It has no injury or damage.”
Respondent 13 “Injury rating is none.”
Respondent 14 “No injuries encountered.”
Respondent 15 “I say my vehicle is carburetor and
wiring was damaged.”
Respondent 16 “I had accidents for three (3) times
with my automobile.”
Respondent 17 “Present damage is none but it had
three (3) accidents yet still functioning
well.”
Respondent 18 “I and my brother had a history eight
(8) accidents with the vehicle.”
Respondent 19 “I think every automobile is easily
scratched but when it comes to dent,
Toyota has a tough body composition
than Hyundai.”
Respondent 20 “I had problem with the starter and the
headlight is not functioning or lighting
up.”
 41
e. Fuel Consumption
RESPONDENTS RESPONSE
Respondent 1 “Fuel consumption depends on usage.”
Respondent 2 “It is a bit fuel consuming but all in all, it is just right.”
Respondent 3 “Fuel can be consumed depending on usage, with
enough amount or in a thrifty way.”
Respondent 4 “I rate it at 50% out of 100%, fuel can run up to the
distance of 3.5 kilometer.”
Respondent 5 “It depends on daily use.”
Respondent 6 “I spend Php 250 for fuel per use but if travelling at
long distance, I charge php 1000 plus.”
Respondent 7 “Fuel consumption depends on daily use of vehicle. I
pay Php 250 for daily fuel but if I go to Manila, it can
cost Php 1k to Php 1.5k.”
Respondent 8 “A Php 150 amount of fuel can last in 1 week but only
within the travel around the place of barangay. The
fuel capacity of my vehicle is 3.7 liters.”
Respondent 9 “I say my automobile consumes fuel just right.”
Respondent 10 “My automobile’s fuel consumption depends on daily
use.”
Respondent 11 “I use the Diesel kind of fuel, and my vehicle is
efficient when it comes to the use of fuel.”
Respondent 12 “I use gasoline fuel for my vehicle and I maintain it on
full tank as possible.”
Respondent 13 “It consumes fuel just right and is really thrifty.”
Respondent 14 “It consumes right amount of fuel but really depends
on usage and somehow, thrifty.”
Respondent 15 “Fuel consumption depends on how much is used
and the speed of the vehicle when travelling.”
Respondent 16 “I make sure that my automobile is always on full tank
of fuel.”
Respondent 17 “My vehicle is a less consumer of fuel and I think it is
just right.”
Respondent 18 “Mine is a bit fuel consumer.”
Respondent 19 “Toyota uses carburetor, I think. I do not know what
other names to call that. But, on the other hand,
Hyundai is fuel injected.”
Respondent 20 “My automobile is a bit fuel consumer but uses just
enough fuel.”
 42
f. Maintenance
RESPONDENTS RESPONSE
Respondent 1 “Maintenance is done four (4) times a year while cleaning is done
four (4) times a month.”
Respondent 2 “Every two (2) months, I change its oil, and I clean my vehicle
four (4) times a month.”
Respondent 3 “I change my automobile’s oil only if I have money to do so, and
clean it for twice a month.”
Respondent 4 “Toyota does not have a weak point. It may look not that
attractive unlike the other models but its parts and assets are
strong and attainable. The engine and battery last long as we
have expected.”
Respondent 5 “Maintaining the vehicle is a lot expensive which costs an
estimated amount of Php 15, 000.”
Respondent 6 “It is a bit expensive which amount ranges fromk Php 5k to Php
10k.”
Respondent 7 “I say maintenance cost is expensive causing me to spend
around Php 12k to Php 15k.”
Respondent 8 “Estimated amount of the cost of maintenance is about Php 4k to
Php 6k.”
Respondent 9 “Maintenance including cleaning is done three (3) to five (5) times
a year.”
Respondent 10 “Its cost ranges from Php 14k to Php 17k which is expensive.”
Respondent 11
Respondent 12 “Maintenance is free since it is new.”
Respondent 13 “I do the changing of oil twice a month and cleaning once a
week.”
Respondent 14 “Every four (4) months, I change my vehicle’s oil and clean it for
twice a month.”
Respondent 15 “I clean my automobile for once every week.”
Respondent 16 “I say it is easy to maintain.”
Respondent 17 “Maintenance cost is affordable and my vehicle is easy to
maintain.”
Respondent 18 “I maintain my vehicle by changing oil every two (2) months and
cleaning it twice a week.”
Respondent 19 “I spend Php 1000 per week to maintain my automobile but it
depends on traffic condition. It also depends on the owner. If
damages are fixed earlier on time, the vehicle will last longer. But
if the owner is careless, the problem will get worse as well as the
expenses. A vehicle is easily damaged to a person who is not
careful. Maintaining an automobile is easy. It is just expensive
like the cost of changing oil but it depends on usage.”
Respoondent 20 “I do actions of maintenance four (4) times a year, while cleaning
is done four (4) times a month.”
 43
g. Operating Cost

RESPONDENTS RESPONSE
Respondent 1 “I spend Php 20k for the overall operating cost.”
Respondent 2 “Operating cost is none.”
Respondent 3 “It costs Php 10k, all in all.”
Respondent 4 “Every parts of my vehicle cost much, ranging from Php
35, 000 to Php 75, 000. This is because from time to time,
I upgrade my automobile instead of buying a new one.”
Respondent 5 “Vehicle parts are a bit expensive which range over Php
5, 000.”
Respondent 6 “No operating cost.”
Respondent 7 “Operatingj cost is none.”
Respondent 8 “Part of the motorcycle is a budget meal, for me.
Upgrading a motorcycle can cost Php 3k to Php 6k
depending on the parts you want to upgrade.”
Respondent 9 “It costs Php 20k.”
Respondent 10 “Vehicle parts are a bit expensive with an average of over
Php 8, 000.”
Respondent 11
Respondent 12 “Since my car is new, I have not spend for the operating
cost yet.”
Respondent 13 “Automobile’s operating cost amounts to Php 10k for the
whole vehicle.”
Respondent 14 “It costs Php 10k for the overall operation.”
Respondent 15 “It just costs Php 5k.”
Respondent 16 “It ranges from Php 10k to Php 20k depending on the
upgrade and repair.”
Respondent 17 “I did only a change of side mirror, and have not done any
upgrade.”
Respondent 18
Respondent 19 “Operating cost is all expensive but it still depends on how
you manage the expenses. If the owner of the vehicle
does not care for his vehicle or even if he is meticulous,
the cost will be great. Operating cost also depends on the
shop of parts. If repair or upgrade is done at shops like
casa, it will really be expensive but if done at local shops,
an owner will more likely to save more and spend less.”
Respondent 20 “It costs Php 20k.”
 44
h. Insurance Cost
RESPONDENTS RESPONSE
Respondent 1 “Insurance cost is none.”
Respondent 2 “I had no insurance cost.”
Respondent 3 “Insurance cost is none.”
Respondent 4
Respondent 5 “It is comprehensive with the cost of
Php 21, 000.”
Respondent 6 “It costs Php 20k.”
Respondent 7 “Insurance cost amount to Php 20k.”
Respondent 8 “Insurance cost is at the exact amount
of Php 315.40.”
Respondent 9 “My vehicle is insured at the amount
of Php 25k.”
Respondent 10 “It costs Php 24, 000.”
Respondent 11
Respondent 12 “I say it is comprehensive.”
Respondent 13 “Insurance cost is none.”
Respondent 14 “I had no insurance cost.”
Respondent 15 “Insurance cost is none.”
Respondent 16 “I do not know how much it costs.”
Respondent 17 “Insurance cost is none.”
Respondent 18 “I had no insurance for my vehicle.”
Respondent 19 “My Toyota vehicle is insured with
third party liability (TPL) that costs
below Php 500.”
Respondent 20 “Insurance cost is none.”
 45
3. What suggestions can you give for the improvement of these automobile
attributes?
RESPONDENTS RESPONSE
Respondent 1 “The Toyota brand of automobile is a well-improved one because it is
easier to find as well as its parts in our country unlike the other cars.
Respondent 2 “Toyota is an improved brand of automobile because the parts can
easily be found in this country. It also has a good quality when you
drive a Toyota vehicle.”
Respondent 3 “I suggest that they strengthen the siding of the vehicle more and the
buttons should be arranged as well as the wiring. But overall, it is fine.
It is also comfortable to use.”
Respondent 4 “When it comes to Toyota brand of vehicle, the parts can be easily
seen in our country unlike the other cars. It can also be easily
upgraded such as the engine machine, tires, interior design and much
more. Driving the vehicle is also comfortable for me.”
Respondent 5
Respondent 6 “I suggest that owners should go on their proper services to have a
check up to the condition of the vehicles for at least twice a month.”
Respondent 7 “I recommend that vehicle owners must drive their car two (2) times a
week and do not stuck it up in the garage because it will result to
negative effects on the automobile.”
Respondent 8 “I do a monthly checkup in Yamaha branch to maintain the condition of
my vehicle.”
Respondent 9 “I suggest that monthly maintenance is a must to ensure the safety of
the driver and the passengers of the automobile.”
Respondent 10 “Constant maintenance is advised for twice a month at most.”
Respondent 11 “First of all, a driver must be well-disciplined by knowing the do’s and
don’ts of the car. Also, always maintain a well-conditioned car for
safety purposes. Lastly, the person must be responsible while driving.”
Respondent 12 “I have no suggestion.”
Respondent 13
Respondent 14
Respondent 15 “The automobile is fine and the parts can be easily found.”
Respondent 16 “I would like for more new styles and greater performance for the
vehicle.”
Respondent 17 “I suggest that the price will be at lower cost, make the engine more
powerful and make the vehicle less consumer of gas or fuel.”
Respondent 18 “I highly advise that the vehicle be made fuel efficient and the look
must be upgraded.”
Respondent 19 “Actually, if there is money present to afford the car and a person is
capable of driving, it is already fine to acquire one even without the
knowledge about the specifications and description of the unit.”
Respondent 20 “The automobile parts of a Toyota brand is really easy to find. It
showcases good quality when driving the vehicle.”
 46
CURRICULUM VITAE
____________________________________________________________________
PERSONAL PROFILE
Name: Marc Reggie R. Valdez
Address: Macalamcam A. Rosario Batangas
Age: 16
Gender: Male
Status: Single
Date of Birth: March 9, 2001
Place of Birth: Untalan Medical Center Citizenship
Cell Phone: 09174216345
Email: marcreggievaldez@gmail.com
____________________________________________________________________
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary: Santo Rosario Academy
Junior High School: Santo Rosario Academy
Senior High School: University of Batangas
____________________________________________________________________
College Preference
Course: Mechanical Engineering
School: Batangas State University
 47
CURRICULUM VITAE
____________________________________________________________________
PERSONAL PROFILE

Name: Paz, James Kevin P.

Address: Soro Soro Ilaya, Batangas City

Age: 17

Gender: Male

Status: Single

Date of Birth: June 24, 2000

Place of Birth: Antipolo City

Cell Phone: 09565992301

Email: jkpaz24@gmail.com

____________________________________________________________________

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary: Sovereign Shepherd School of Values and Learning

Junior High School: University of Batangas

Senior High School: University of Batangas

____________________________________________________________________

College Preference

Course: Aeronautical Engineering

School: Philippines School of Aeronautics

 48
CURRICULUM VITAE

__________________________________________________________________
PERSONAL PROFILE
Name: Bayonito, Maria Cristina B.
Age: 17 years old
Gender: Female
Status: Single
Date of Birth: March 2, 2001
Place of Birth: Batangas City
Cell Phone: 09454596808
Email: tinabayonits@gmail.com
__________________________________________________________________
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary: Kumintang Elementary School
Junior High School: Lyceum of the Philippines University
Senior High School: University of Batangas
__________________________________________________________________
College Preference
Course: Mechanical Engineering
School: University of the Philippines