173 The sent should be able to use oler wo measure lengths and protractor to measure angles. Wile 90% of al constructions on CXC exams invlve using alr and cops ol, te oer 10% equi consruton sing the potactr IF A CONSTRUCTION PROBLEM TELLS YOU TO USE RULER AND COMPASSES ONLY, THEN YOU CANNOT USE YOUR PROTRACTOR, IF A CONSTRUCTION PROBLEM DOES NOT TELL YOU TO USE RULER AND COMPASSES ONLY, THEN YOU CAN (AND SHOULD) USE YOUR PROTRACTOR. HM, Constmnstions using euler and compasses only ‘The ulin below shows the yes of consuuetons that you ae expect to be aie with for CXC The puesta follow give step-by-step instructions for performing hese constucons ar well aa dag foceach one. As you copy the notes doa, you shel ls go through the constuction poces with ruler and compass ‘THE CXC EXAMINER IS LOOKING FOR THE EXTRA MARKS MADE RY YOUR COMPASS WHEN YOU PPRFORM THESE CONSTRUCTIONS. DON'T ERASE ANY MARKS, AND DON'T TRY TO FOOL THE EXAMINER BY INVENTING MARKS - YOU WON'T BE ABLE TO ANYWAY! ‘Concnstions Using Rule and Compass als 1 Consuucing a arlene through point off oF ine 1 Perpendicular Liss [A through a point on he ine through a pont of of the ine . pependcul bisector 1, Constting 60" angle 1, Bisccing an angle Y. Constrwtng ingle ABC given the lengths ofthe tne sides ‘VL Combining th above o form other angles eg 30" 45" 1207135 et]@ 1. Comstructing parallel line throughs point ff of the line Slep_ls Draw a tine, Label two points, A and B, on the Hine and a point, P, of of the Tine. Sten 2: ‘Open the compass 10 the length AB. Using P as contre, draw an are to the right of P. Step 3: Open the compass to the tength AP. Using B ae centre, dravr an are that intersects the first are. ‘Step 4: Draw a le from P to the intersection from Step 3. has you have doe screed the four vertices ofa parallelogram. You stared with three points ‘AB ond P. ond then consaced the fourth poi Sep 3. Notice that the op of he eralelogra isthe some length as he botom andthe lf i the same length she righ}1. AL Constructing © perpendicular tine throught 2 pola: on che Hine. Sores Penna lines are ines hat fora 90 ne ‘Sisp_Ls Draw a line, Label a point P om the line, ensuring that there Is space fom both sides of P. xtond the fine if necessary. Note; Qe mw esom rabies, sm wl ave pa Pa een the line, and he even he lin aernan. Proce by patieg Pon ane enw. Bo ther sd he end te Blk te, a hen hele ented tHE Siep_2i Using P as centre, draw ares that intersect che Tine on both se: of P. Step_3: Open the compass to a longer length. Using the intersections fom Step 2 as centres, draw (wo intersecting arcs above P. ‘Skip 42 Draw a Hine from P to the intersection from Step 3(76> H.R Constructing © perpcuielar lise throsgh 4 point off of the tine Slept: Draw a tine, Lobel a point, Poff of he Hie, Step_2i Using P as centre, draw am are that intersects the llne at two int Extend the line if necessary. Step_3: Using the fntersetions from ares below the fine tp 2 a centres, draw to Ines ecting Step 4: Draw a ne From P to the intersection from Step 3.qart) {ores a bisector ems abject hal. So uperpendicla eco wl frm a 80" angle wit fe ss it ha ne ha! eee | Draw a line. Label the endpoints P end ©, Open the compass to a length chat Is more than half the length the line. Using Pras contre, drave ares above and blow the Hine, Using @ as centre, draw two arcs that intersest the anes from Ste 2 Stop_4: Draw a line Uhrough the intersections from Stop 3G73) EAL Cuasteueting a" angie Supe Dr 2 Mns, Label an endpoint P. ‘Stim: Using P as centre, raw am are that ie about Ut of a eles tong hes intersects the tne Step 3: Using the intersection from Step 2 a5 contre, deaw an are that Intersects the fist are Sicp_4: Draw Fine from P to the ftsrsetion from Step 3, ote: tn thi consreton sow hve created he vertices of en euler! ring Your fest Doin ic the secon te nection fon Step 2 andthe hid whe itersetion fro Sep She the sparse sn enh te dtance fom ove pot oa ober po Ph sa Therefore the pois fv an eqelteral rangle ad hence re 0” ais |GP TV. Bisecting an angle (ote: bisering an ale means cating the angle nha) Step 1: Draw am angle. Label the vertex P. Step_2: Using P as contee, draw arcs that intersect both lines of the angle Siep_3: Using the intersections from Step 2 as centres, draw two intersecting ares in the middle of the angle. Step 4: Draw a line from P to the intersection from Step 3.V. Constructing a triangle ABC given the lengths of the three sides Step_I: Measure and label the base, AB, asing ruler. Slep_2: Open the compass to the length AC. Using Aas centre, draw an are. {Vou will ave 0 open the compas the proper length onthe ruler.) ‘Slep_3: Open the compass to the length BC. Using Bas centre, draw an are that intersects the frst are Slep_4: Label the interstetion from Step 3 as © and complete the triangle. ample. Consouct tangle ABC such tht AB = Sem, AC = 3 em and BC » Tem, et,Caf \ VE. Combining the sbove to form other angles Ail consustions that you ned fo know are covered ahve, ewer. you ny b ned pero ‘omsirton which requires combination oe ave, ‘A 307 angle can be constructed by constructing © 60° angle and then bisecting ‘45° angle can be constructed by comtructing 4 95° angle and then bisecting i ‘A 120" angle can be made by constructing a 60° ansle, and then extending the linc. This is demonsirated in the sete. below AGS angle i consncted here ufo ‘The tne extended Gorm 120" ange hee Similars, a 135° angle eam be made by constructing 48° angle and extending the