Outdoor Coverage WLAN Planning

WLAN Outdoor
Coverage Planning
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Describe outdoor coverage requirements and site survey

contents.
 Know how to select APs and antennas.
 Plan the bandwidth and capacity of outdoor WLANs.
 Describe the basic AP deployment principles.
 List typical scenarios of outdoor coverage.

Contents
1. Project Preparation
2. Product Selection
3. Capacity Design
4. Deployment Design
5. Typical Application Scenarios

Requirement Collection
Item Description
Coverage area Specify the primary and secondary coverage areas.
Signal strength Clarify the customer's requirements on the signal strength in target coverage areas.
Access user quantity Determine the number of concurrent access users in specific coverage areas.
Bandwidth Describe main service types and bandwidth required per user.
Check whether the customer has special requirements on the power supply mode, and whether there
Power supply mode
are power supply facilities available for use onsite.
Switch position Check whether the switch positions meet requirements.
Check whether the customer has special requirements on outdoor site construction, for example, the
Site construction customer may not approve site construction on building roofs of residential districts or only allow use of
certain sites.

Site Survey
 Simple site survey information list
Item Description
Find buildings and objects that

Find buildings, street lamps, and towers in or near the coverage areas that can be
can be used as AP sites and
used as AP sites and observe their height.
observe their height.
Check the signal transmission Learn about the physical layout of the coverage areas and check whether there are
environment in target high buildings or trees around the coverage areas. If possible, take photos on the
coverage areas. coverage areas for future use.
 Detailed site survey information list:

Contents
3. Capacity Design

AP Selection
Outdoor Series Outdoor Series
Huawei AP
AP6510DN AP6610DN
Appearance
Medium- and large-scale campus

Product positioning Medium- and large-scale campus network
network
MIMO 2x2 2x2
Antenna External antenna External antenna
Maximum transmit power per antenna 26 (2 GHz)+20 (5 GHz) dBm* 27 (2 GHz)+24 (5 GHz) dBm*
Power consumption 25.5 W 30 W
Power supply mode PoE: -48 V DC Local AC power supply
BYOD Y Y
High-density mode Y Y
WIPS/WIDS Y Y
WDS/Mesh Y Y
Working mode Fit/Fat Fit/Fat
Operating temperature -40℃ to 60℃ -40℃ to 60℃
Wi-Fi standards a/b/g/n a/b/g/n

AP Selection (802.11ac)
Outdoor Series Outdoor Series
Huawei AP
AP8030DN AP8130DN
Appearance
Product positioning Medium- and large-scale campus network Medium- and large-scale campus network
MIMO 3x3 3x3
Antenna Built-in antenna (10 dBi) External antenna
Maximum transmit power 22 (2 GHz) + 20 (5 GHz) dBm (support for

22 (2 GHz) + 20 (5 GHz) dBm
per antenna dual-5G)
Power consumption 25.5 W 25.5 W
Power supply mode PoE: -48 V DC PoE: -48 V DC
BYOD Y Y
High-density mode Y Y
WIPS/WIDS Y Y
WDS/MESH Y Y
Working mode Fit/Fat Fit/Fat
Operating temperature -40℃ to 65℃ -40℃ to 65℃
Wi-Fi standards a/b/g/n/ac a/b/g/n/ac

Antenna Selection—Antenna Types
Omnidirectional antennas Directional antennas
 Low antenna gain, short coverage distance  High antenna gain, long coverage distance
 Omnidirectional coverage, 360-degree  Small coverage angle, small interference to other APs
coverage angle  Single-polarized and dual-polarized antennas:
 Single-polarized antenna with only one port: Implementing polarization and MIMO features requires
Two or three omnidirectional antennas are two or three single-polarized antennas and one dual-
required to implement polarization and MIMO polarized antenna.
features.

Antenna Selection—MIMO
Tx0 Rx
Tx Rx
Tx1
SISO MISO
Rx0 Tx0 Rx0

Tx
Rx1 Tx1 Rx1
SIMO MIMO
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO): MIMO technology uses multiple

transmit and receive antennas on the transmit end and receive end to
improve quality of service for each user.

Antenna Selection — Coverage
Distance (EIRP&MIMO)
 Consider the local EIRP when calculating the coverage distance.
 EIRP limits the strength of signals transmitted from the device.
 EIRP = AP transmit power + MIMO gain + Antenna gain – Feeder cable loss
 The MIMO gain is calculated in the following way:
 The MIMO gain is 3 dB when a single-stream terminal connects to a two-

stream AP and 5 dB when a single-stream terminal connects to a three-
stream AP. There is no MIMO gain if a multiple-stream terminal connects to
the AP supporting the same number of spatial streams.
 The EIRP calculation uses the maximum MIMO gain and does not consider
terminal difference. Therefore, when the MIMO gain and antenna gain are
the same, the EIRP value does not affect the AP transmit power or the AP
coverage distance.

Antenna Selection—Coverage
Distance (Handheld Terminals)
 The following table lists the recommended AP coverage distance for handheld terminals in different situations when
there is no interference.
Basic services, such as web page browsing

High-traffic services, such as video playing
and WeChat
ETSI
AP/Antenna FCC ETSI
Not Not FCC (2.4G 20
(2.4G 36 (2.4G 20
Considering Considering (2.4G 36 dBm) dBm)
dBm) dBm)
EIRP EIRP (5G 30 dBm) (5G 23
(5G 30dBm) (5G 23 dBm)
dBm)
Coverage distance
(radius)/
100 m 100 m 100 m 70 m 70 m 70 m
Omnidirectional
antenna_4 dBi_2.4G
Coverage distance
(radius)/Omnidirectional 100 m 100 m 100 m 70 m 70 m 70 m
antenna_7 dBi_5G
Coverage distance
170 m 170 m 110 m 120 m 120 m 80 m
(AP8030DN_2.4G)
Coverage distance
130 m 130 m 110 m 90 m 90 m 80 m
(AP8030DN_5G)
Coverage distance
(AP8130DN_ 2.4G_13 220 m 220 m 110 m 150 m 150 m 80 m
dBi)
Coverage distance
(AP8130DN_ 5G_13 170 m 170 m 110 m 120 m 120 m 80 m
dBi)

Antenna Selection — Coverage
Distance (Laptops)
 The following table lists the recommended AP coverage distance for laptops in different
situations when there is no interference.
Basic services, such as web page

High-traffic services, such as video playing
browsing and WeChat
FCC
AP/Antenna ETSI FCC ETSI
Not (2.4G 36 Not
(2.4G 20 (2.4G 36 (2.4G 20
Considerin dBm) Considerin
dBm) dBm) dBm)
g EIRP (5G 30 g EIRP
(5G 23 dBm) (5G 30 dBm) (5G 23 dBm)
dBm)
Coverage distance (radius)/
Omnidirectional antenna_4 130 m 130 m 130 m 90 m 90 m 90 m
dBi_2.4G
Coverage distance
(radius)/Omnidirectional 130 m 130 m 130 m 90 m 90 m 90 m
antenna_7 dBi_5G
Coverage distance
(AP8030DN_2.4G) 220 m 220 m 140 m 150 m 150 m 100 m
Coverage distance
(AP8030DN_5G) 170 m 170 m 140 m 120 120 m 100 m
Coverage distance
(AP8130DN_ 2.4G_13 dBi) 290 m 290 m 140 m 200 m 200 m 100 m
Coverage distance
(AP8130DN_ 5G_13 dBi) 230 m 230 m 140 m 160 m 160 m 100 m

Antenna Selection—Antenna
Gain(Cont.)
1. When planning the network, ensure that the difference between the RSSI value of the device and the system margin is larger than
its receiver sensitivity.
The system margin depends on signal transmission environments, and can be considered as 10 dB under normal circumstances.
Antenna Receiver sensitivity (2.4 GHz, 802.11n, and HT20)

Device Transmit Power Antenna Gain
Uplink: Maximum Rate
Available Rate (MCS2/10)
(MCS7/15)
Terminal→AP
Depends on
AP 27 dBm -71 dBm -86 dBm
the antenna.
Downlink: Laptop 14-18 dBm 0 dBi -64 dBm -77 dBm

AP→terminal
Phone 10-13.8 dBm 0 dBi -64 dBm -77 dBm
The formula to calculate uplink signal strength is as follows (regardless of factors such
as interference, line loss, and attenuation caused by obstacles):
Signal strength = Transmit power + Transmit antenna gain – Transmission
attenuation + Receive antenna gain

Antenna Selection—Antenna Angle
 Antenna angle:
 Focus most energy to the

required direction.
 Relationship between antenna

gain and radiation angle:
Horizontal antenna pattern
 The smaller the antenna
angle, the higher the
antenna gain.
 There are horizontal and

vertical angles.
Vertical antenna pattern

Antenna Selection—Antenna
Engineering Parameters
 Antenna engineering parameters include the antenna azimuth and downtilt:
 The azimuth can be considered as the angle from the north plane to the
antenna plane clockwise.
 The downtilt is the angle between an antenna and the horizontal plane.

Antenna Selection—Typical Antennas
Beamwidth Diameter of
Model Radio Gain/dBi Dimension/mm Polarization Mounting Weight/g
Horizontal/Degree Vertical/Degree Pole/mm
ANT2G08A1NR 2.4G 8 360 11.5 Φ29 x 720 Single-polarized 48-135 500
ANT2G11A1NR 2.4G 11 360 9 Length < 1100 Single-polarized 35-50 976
ANT2G12D2NR 2.4G 11 60 30 250 x 155 x 60 Cross polarized 30-114 < 1000
ANT2G14D1NR 2.4G 14.5 110 6 1140 x 114 x 54 Single-polarized 48-135 3400
ANT2G14D2NR 2.4G 14 30 30 250 x 250 x 25 Cross polarized 30-114 850
ANT2G17D2NR 2.4G 17 65 7.5 875 x 176 x 63 Cross polarized 48-135 4200
ANT5G11D2NR 5G 11.5 60 30 230 x 145 x 55 Cross polarized 35-114 1300
ANT5G15D1NR 5G 15 110 5.5 547 x 250 x 18 Single-polarized 48-135 1800
ANT5G19D2NR 5G 18 15 15 250 x 250 x 25 Cross polarized 35-114 1300

Antenna Selection — Typical Outdoor
Antennas
Beamwidth Diameter
Connector of
Radio Gain/dBi Dimension/mm Polarization Weight/g
Type Mounting
Horizontal/ Pole/mm
Vertical/Degree
Degree
2.4G 3 360 32 280 (Length) N-male Single-polarized NA 218
5G 5 360 20 280 (Length) N-male Single-polarized NA 218
2.4G 11 60 30 250 x 155 x 60 N-female x 2 Cross polarized 30-114 < 1000
2.4G 14 30 30 250 x 250 x 25 N-female x 2 Cross polarized 30-114 850
5G 11.5 60 30 230 x 145 x 55 N-female x 2 Cross polarized 35-114 1300
2.4G 13 33 33
368.3 x 368.3 x 39.878 N-female x 6 Cross polarized 35-114 1600
5G 13 33 33
2.4G 4 360 33 275 x 23.8 x 23.8 N-male Single-polarized NA 106
5G 7 360 22 275 x 23.8 x 23.8 N-male Single-polarized NA 106

Device Selection for Stadiums
Side coverage Overhead coverage
Device selection:
1. Select APs. Use the AP6510DN (PoE supported) to provide signal coverage for outdoor spectator stands.
2. Select antennas.
 Antenna gain: determined based on the AP transmit power, coverage distance, and bandwidth
requirements.
 Antenna angle: since stadiums are high-density scenarios, use antennas with small angles, for
example, use 5 GHz antenna ANT5G19D2NR (15-degree horizontal angle; 15-degree vertical angle)
 Antenna engineering parameters: adjust the azimuth and downtilt according to actual scenarios.

Contents
3. Capacity Design

Throughput Design Principles
 A single-band AP supports access of 20 users, and a dual-band AP supports 40 users.
 Note: The values apply only to scenarios where the customer has no special bandwidth
requirement.
Bandwidth required by each user and the number of access users supported
User Bandwidth (Mbps) Two Spatial Streams Three Spatial Streams

No. Maximum Number of Maximum Number of Maximum Number of Maximum Number of
Downlink Uplink Access Users on Single Access Users on Dual Access Users on Single Access Users on Dual
Frequency Frequencies Frequency Frequencies
1 8 Mbps 2 Mbps 10 20 15 27
2 4 Mbps 1 Mbps 18 40 25 50
3 2 Mbps 1 Mbps 25 45 35 60
4 2 Mbps 512 Kbps 25 45 35 60
5 1 Mbps 1 Mbps 30 50 40 65
6 1 Mbps 512 Kbps 40 60 55 65
7 512 Kbps 512 Kbps 45 70 60 75
8 128 Kbps 128 Kbps 50 75 70 85
This table describes the mappings between bandwidth per user and the number
of access users supported.

Contents
3. Capacity Design

Site Design Principles
If the
stations are Rogue
APs
built too
high,
coverage
holes occur
at the
bottom of
the stations.
Radar stations, radio stations, TV Prevent co-channel interference

transmitting stations from APs of other systems.
1. The path between a site and its coverage area must be visible and cannot be blocked by obstacles.
2. Avoid heavy electromagnetic interference or other signal interference near the site.
3. Reliable power sources must be available for a site.
Note: If APs are deployed outdoors to provide signal coverage indoors, refer to the table in the
next page for signal loss caused by typical obstacles

Typical Obstacles and Signal Loss
Obstacle Thickness (mm) 2.4 GHz Signal Loss (dB) 5 GHz Signal Loss (dB)
Synthetic materials 20 2 3
Asbestos 8 3 4
Wooden doors 40 3 4
Glass window 50 4 7
Thick tinted glass 80 8 10
Brick walls 120 10 20
Brick walls 240 15 25
Bullet-resistant glass 120 25 35
Concrete 240 25 30
Metal 80 30 35

Channel Design
 1. Confirm channels that can be used at the local site.
 Use China as an example. Available 5 GHz channels that can be used in network bridging and data backhaul
scenarios include: 149, 153, 157, 161, and 165.
 Channels available in use vary according to different countries and regions. Some channels may be reserved in
some regions. Therefore, clarify the channels for use before the network planning starts.
 2. Avoid co-channel interference.

 APs of adjacent building floors should use non-overlapping channels.
 If channel overlapping cannot be avoided, reduce AP power to minimize the overlapping areas.
Omnidirectional coverage Directional antenna coverage
11&153 Channel 1
1&157 1&161
6&149 Channel 11
Channel 11
11&161 11&157
1&153 Channel 6
1. Search the Country Code & Channel Compliance Table for channels that are available for
use at the local site and confirm these channels with the customer.
2. To avoid co-channel interference, do not use the same channel in any direction.

Power Supply Mode
1 PoE power supply for APs (preferred), in

compliance with 802.3at
PoE power supply
Local AC power supply (applicable to scenarios

2 where AC power supply is available)
Local AC power supply
3 Power supply using a PoE adapter (applicable to

scenarios where no AC power supply is available)
PoE adapter

Contents
3. Capacity Design

Typical Application Scenarios
Networking
Scenario Scenario Characteristic User Characteristic Product Selection
Requirement
1. Select large-angle
1. High user mobility
antennas for a wider
Concentration of 2. Main terminals: 1. Wide coverage area
Commercial/ coverage range.
buildings of various mobile phones 2. Low bandwidth
Pedestrian streets 2. Deploy APs on both
heights 3. Low bandwidth requirement
sides of the street in
requirement
non-overlapping way.
1. Deploy
omnidirectional
antennas at the
1. High user mobility center.
2. Main terminals: 1. Wide coverage area 2. If the antennas cannot
Squares/ parks/ tourist
Open areas mobile phones 2. Low bandwidth be deployed at the
attractions
3. 3. Low bandwidth requirement center area, use
requirement directional antennas
and deploy them on
roofs of tall
surrounding buildings.
1. Indoor distribution of
1. Use omnidirectional
users 1. High coverage depth
antennas.
Villages/suburbs Open areas and small 2. Low bandwidth 2. High network quality
2. Deploy the antennas
buildings requirement 3. Low bandwidth
at high positions in
3. Various types of requirement
the central area.
terminals

Outdoor Coverage—Business/
Pedestrian Streets (1/2)
 Use outdoor APs and directional antennas to provide signal coverage for
business streets.
 Scenario characteristics: narrow streets with no plants or sparse plants that do
not block signals
 Deploy APs in a "W" shape. The APs provide signal coverage forwards along the street with non-
overlapping channels.
 Under restrictions, install the APs at the same side of the streets.
 Install the APs at a height of 10 m to 12 m if there are low plants.

Outdoor Coverage—Business/
Pedestrian Streets (2/2)
 Scenario characteristics: wide plants that block signals
 Cover the walk paths on both sides of the street separately.
 Clarify the coverage areas. If the street needs to be covered too, place APs on
the street and antennas in the plants (refer to the coverage scheme used when
there are no plants).
 AP天线安装需要探出绿化区域，防止被绿化所遮挡
Walk path
Plants
Road
Plants
Walk path

Outdoor Coverage—Parks/Squares
 Scenario characteristics:
 Open public recreation places, high user mobility
 Low percentage of concurrent users and low traffic volume per user
Coverage pattern of omnidirectional antennas Coverage pattern of directional antennas

Outdoor Wide Coverage:
Suburbs/Villages
 Scenario characteristics:
 Villages, towns, or suburbs have open areas and buildings in these areas are low and
scattered. Radio signals can travel with no blocking.
 Deploy a proper number of APs to ensure good signal coverage and provide a sufficient
CPE
capacity.
AP
Base
Switch station
WLAN coverage for suburbs and villages

Summary
3. Capacity Design

Question
1. Which types of antennas are available for use? ( )
A. Directional antennas B. Omnidirectional antennas
C. Smart antennas D. All of the above
2. How many types of outdoor APs does Huawei offer ( ) and what
are they? ( )
A. 1 B. 2
C. 3 D. 4

Thank you
www.huawei.com

Outdoor Coverage WLAN Planning

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WLAN Outdoor

Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Describe outdoor coverage requirements and site survey

 Know how to select APs and antennas.

 Plan the bandwidth and capacity of outdoor WLANs.

 Describe the basic AP deployment principles.

 List typical scenarios of outdoor coverage.

Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

5. Typical Application Scenarios

Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Coverage area Specify the primary and secondary coverage areas.

Switch position Check whether the switch positions meet requirements.

Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Find buildings and objects that

 Detailed site survey information list:

Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

5. Typical Application Scenarios

Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Medium- and large-scale campus

Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

MIMO 3x3 3x3

Antenna Built-in antenna (10 dBi) External antenna

Maximum transmit power 22 (2 GHz) + 20 (5 GHz) dBm (support for

Power consumption 25.5 W 25.5 W

Power supply mode PoE: -48 V DC PoE: -48 V DC

Working mode Fit/Fat Fit/Fat

Operating temperature -40℃ to 65℃ -40℃ to 65℃

Wi-Fi standards a/b/g/n/ac a/b/g/n/ac

Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Rx0 Tx0 Rx0

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO): MIMO technology uses multiple

Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 EIRP limits the strength of signals transmitted from the device.

 The MIMO gain is calculated in the following way:

 The MIMO gain is 3 dB when a single-stream terminal connects to a two-

Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Basic services, such as web page browsing

Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Basic services, such as web page

Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Antenna Receiver sensitivity (2.4 GHz, 802.11n, and HT20)

Downlink: Laptop 14-18 dBm 0 dBi -64 dBm -77 dBm

Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Focus most energy to the

 Relationship between antenna

 There are horizontal and

Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

ANT2G08A1NR 2.4G 8 360 11.5 Φ29 x 720 Single-polarized 48-135 500

ANT2G11A1NR 2.4G 11 360 9 Length < 1100 Single-polarized 35-50 976

ANT2G12D2NR 2.4G 11 60 30 250 x 155 x 60 Cross polarized 30-114 < 1000

ANT2G14D1NR 2.4G 14.5 110 6 1140 x 114 x 54 Single-polarized 48-135 3400

ANT2G14D2NR 2.4G 14 30 30 250 x 250 x 25 Cross polarized 30-114 850

ANT2G17D2NR 2.4G 17 65 7.5 875 x 176 x 63 Cross polarized 48-135 4200

ANT5G11D2NR 5G 11.5 60 30 230 x 145 x 55 Cross polarized 35-114 1300

ANT5G15D1NR 5G 15 110 5.5 547 x 250 x 18 Single-polarized 48-135 1800

ANT5G19D2NR 5G 18 15 15 250 x 250 x 25 Cross polarized 35-114 1300

Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

2.4G 3 360 32 280 (Length) N-male Single-polarized NA 218

5G 5 360 20 280 (Length) N-male Single-polarized NA 218

2.4G 11 60 30 250 x 155 x 60 N-female x 2 Cross polarized 30-114 < 1000

2.4G 14 30 30 250 x 250 x 25 N-female x 2 Cross polarized 30-114 850

5G 11.5 60 30 230 x 145 x 55 N-female x 2 Cross polarized 35-114 1300