Machine Elements I.

(GEGET003B-a)

for BSc mechanical engineering students

Weeks Lectures Practical lessons

1 The General procedure for Design. Principles of
dimensioning and stress calculation of machine
elements. Generation of mechanical models. Type of
loads – static and variable changing. Types of
sinusoidal stresses – reversed and repeated, stress
ratio. S-N, Smith and Haigh diagrams. Endurance
limit, modifying factors.
Assignment of the design project 1 - Power screw.
The load car–rying capacity of a manually operated
instrument or tool (screw-jack, press, bench vice or
bearing remover, etc.) should be determined. An
assembly drawing in scale 1:5 is enclosed about the
tool. Data given: nominal diameter and pitch of ISO
trapezoidal thread form, nut high and materials of
screw and nut.

Three students create a group and work as a team on the

project. Comprehension of operation. Starting a full scale
freehand sketch about the tool – assembly drawing, A2 or
A1sized. Parts list.
2 Thread standards and definitions – thread profiles: Workshop practice: presentation on the different thread
ISO metric thread form, ISO trapezoidal thread form. profiles. Single, double and triple threads. Self-locking.
The mechanics of power screws, torque requirements, Practice in usage of tools operated by power screws.
efficiency. Thread stresses due to bending, bearing Models, free body diagrams and stress calculation of
pressure, root cylinder and buckling. power screw. Assumptions, factor of safety, coefficient of
friction, material properties.

Supervision of completed assembly drawings. Correcting

it and starting the mono-detail drawings about the parts.
3 Threaded fasteners, property classes, high tensile steel Laboratory work: practical demonstration and experiment
bolts. Model for bolted joints in tension, joint with screw jack. Object – to determine the relationship
diagram, static and fatigue loading. Unthreaded between effort and load for a screw jack when the load is
fasteners – different type of rivets and pins. Forms and being raised and lowered, value of the coefficient of
failures of riveted joints. Retainers. friction between the screw and nut of the jack, efficiency
of screw jack at raising and lowering the load. Starting
the preparation of final report on experiment.
4 Shaft connections – parallel and taper keys, straight Supervision and correcting the final report on experiment
sided and involute splines, assembly by shrinking and and the mono-detail drawings. Starting the preparation of
pressure fit. Welded, brazed and bonded joints. Design final report due to the given data. Final assembly drawing
of shafts for static loads. Torsional deflection. Lateral of the instrument based on the corrected freehand sketch
de–flection and slope due to bending. Critical speeds – option between conventional and CAD representation.
of shafts.
5 Classification of clutches and couplings. Rigid, self- Deadline of the first design project. Giving a written
aligning and elastic shaft couplings. Switchable, account on the whole design process. Assignment of the
friction and electrical engaging and disengaging design project 2 – Design of disk clutch. Complete
clutches and couplings. Torque-, rotation- and rotation dimensioning and stress calculation of the clutch should
direction engaged self-operating clutches. Dynamic be fulfilled. A reduced scale design is enclosed. Input
representation of friction clutches. General procedure data are the speed of prime mover, the mass moment of
for the analysis of friction clutches – torque and inertia of the follower shaft, the time function of clutch
energy considerations. Friction materials. Design of torque, the frequency of operation and the operating
disk clutches. power. Workshop practice: presentation on the friction
clutches. Dismantle and assemble of a mechanically
actuated multiple disk clutch. Description of the
operation. Different starting processes. Time function of
the torques, angular accelerations, angular velocities,
powers and energies. Work loss during a single clutch-
slip period. Efficiency as the function of starting process
type and service factor.
6 Design, symbol and dimensioning of couplings Supervision of the first part of final report. Friction
and clutches – solid and flanged coupling, flange materials – heat transfer capacity, coefficient of friction,
type gear coupling, Oldham coupling, universal allowable pressure, pollution. Manufacturers of disk
joint, flexible shaft, bellows coupling, rubber- clutches. Standards. Necessary friction surface area due
to energy loss. Dimensioning of the hubs and parallel key
type flanged coupling, tyre coupling, jaw-type connections. Estimating and selecting inner and outer
compression coupling, positive contact clutches, disks. Number of disks due to energy loss and friction
 fluid couplings, overload release clutches, moment. Axial force requirements. Pressure distribution
centrifugal clutches, overrunning clutches. among the disks, limitation for the number of disks.
Preliminary outlining on a small scale. Stress calculation
of the other elements – assumptions.
7 Introduction to Tribology – the science and Supervision and correction of the completed final report.
technology of friction, wear and lubrication. Types of
lubrication – hydrodynamic, hydrostatic, elasto– Design variety of single and multiple disk clutches. Type
hydrodynamic, boundary and solid-film. Thick-film of toggle linkages. Locking methods of adjusting nut.
lubrication. Newton’s law of viscous flow, viscosity. Solutions to keep the disks from rubbing when the clutch
Stribeck curves – unstable and stable lubrication, is disengaged. Lubrication. Design aspects of parts made
formation of a film. Matematical theory of thick-film of ductile cast iron.
lubrication – Reynolds equation. Nomenclature of a
journal bearing. Pressure distribution curves. Journal
bearing performance – bearing load, bearing friction,
lubricant flow and bearing thermal relations. Design
charts for hydrodynamic journal bearings. Bearing
stability.
8 Design process of a steadily loaded hydrodynamic Supervision of the half-finished assembly drawing about
type full journal bearing with constant speed. multiple disk clutch. Suggestions for rectification. Fits
Selecting the oil type. Classification of hydrodynamic and tolerances of the mated parts. Connecting appliances
and hydrostatic journal bearings. Elements and and controller. Other type of actuators – electromagnetic,
designs of journal bearings. Lubricant feed systems. hydraulic. Design of torque engaged self-operating disk
clutch installed into a spur gear hub.
9 Terminology and variety of rolling contact bearings. Deadline of the second design project. Giving a
Load carrying capacity, rating life. Load ratings and written account on the whole design process.
equivalent loads. Selection of bearings. Lubrication Assignment of the design project 3 – Journal
and sealing. Typical bearing arrangements. Bearing bearing design. Complete dimensioning and stress
mounting requirements – size and type, axial location,
seating fits, thermal axial expansion, need to assemble
calculation of a steadily loaded, hydrodynamic type
and dismantle. of journal bearing (located at the end or at an
intermediate part of the shaft) should be made.
Input data are: type of bearing, torque, radial load
and rotating speed. Workshop practice: presentation
on the journal bearings. Assembly and dismantle of
two different type of journal bearing model. The
sleeve of full and split bearings, partial bearings.
Lubricating systems. Rigid and self-aligning
sleeve. Sleeve materials and properties, suggested
applications. Starting the dimensioning of the
journal bearing. Principal dimensions and checking
due to stresses. Surface finish, space function,
pressure distribution, dimensionless variables.
10 Definition of gasket and seal. Standard Supervision and correction of the first part of final report.
classification system of nonmetallic gasket Survey on the cause and type of failures. A real industrial
materials. Load-bearing properties. Gasket problem on hydrodynamic journal bearings. Bearing
design and selection procedure. Static O-ring temperature. Selection of the cooling system. Lubricant
properties, selection. Specification of the fit.
seals. Seals for rotary motions – radial lip seals,
face seals, metal sealing rings, stuffing box,
noncontacting seals. Seals for reciprocating
motion – O-rings, lip packings, piston rings.
11 Types of brakes – configuration and actuation. Supervision and correction of the completed final report.
Band-, shoe-, drum-, full disk-, caliper disk- and
magnetic brakes. Selecting a brake. Equivalent Dimension of oil ring, oil spreader groove, sleeve and
inertias. Torque requirements and energy coating. Design of sealing system. Design of cooling
dissipation due to industrial and vehicle brakes. system. Foundation of the bearing housing. Design
Temperature considerations due to intermittent aspects of the housing made of cast iron.
and frequent operation. Torque and force
analysis of drum brakes. Band and cone brakes –
contact pressure, torque capacity, actuating force
and moment equation for brake lever. Caliper-
disk brakes - torque capacity and actuating force.
12 Terminology of mechanical springs. Selection of Supervision of the preliminary design of journal bearing.
spring materials. Helical compression spring Modifications. Parts list, main dimensions, fits of mated
 terminology – spring index, spring rate, torsional elements. Summary sheet of main data.
stress, buckling. Helical extension springs. Helical
torsion springs. Belleville spring washers, stacks.
Load-deflection characteristics, hysteresis. Flat
springs – cantilever and simple beam springs. Torsion
bars. Power springs.
13 Belt drives – nonpositive and positive flexible- Deadline of the third design project. Giving a
connectors, two- and multiple pulley drives. Forces in written account on the whole design
moving belt. Arrangement and tensioning devices. process.Problem solution: design process of a high
Multiple-ply flat-belt drive. V-belt drive. speed long shaft, supported by deep groove ball
Synchronous-belt drive. Variable-speed belt drive.
Design steps of flat- and V-belt drives. Roller-chain
bearings. Conventional dimensioning and stress
drive design procedure. Silent chain drives. calculation of the shaft. Design the supports –
installation and selection. Design the sealing and
lubricating systems.
14 Fluid power system and circuit design. Fluid logic Problem solution: design of the short input shaft of a
systems. Logic elements and actuators. Types of gearbox, supporting by angular contact ball bearings.
valves. Quarter- and multiple-turn valve actuators Rectification of the three projects and tests.
(mechanically, electrically, pneumatically and
hydraulically operated).
Some interesting applications of the machine elements
detailed during the lectures of the semester.

Books, recommended literature:

[1] Németh G., Design of disk clutch, University Publisher, Miskolc, 1991.

[2] Németh G., Belt and Chain Drives, University Publisher, Miskolc, 1991.

[3] Szegedi G. G., Power screw, University Publisher, Miskolc, 1991.

[4] Szegedi G., Journal Bearing Design, University Publisher, Miskolc, 1991.

[5] Shigley, J.E. & L. D. Mitchell, Mechanical Engineering Design, McGraw-Hill

International Book Company, Auckland, etc., 1983.

[6] Shigley J.E. & C. R. Mischke, Standard Handbook of Machine Design, McGraw-Hill
Book Company, New York, etc., 1986.

Requirements of Machine Elements I.

(for signature)

- Regular attendance at the lectures and practices.

- Execution of the design projects until the closing dates

- Rating of projects should be at least passed

- Rating of written tests should be at least passed

The final examination on the lectures of the subject will take place after the semester. The final examination consists of a
written and an oral piece and the mean of the ratings of the three design projects will be counted in the exam mark.

Miskolc, 2016. szeptember 05. Németh Géza

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