Status of Transboundry Animal Diseases in Punjab as a result

of Participatory Diseases Surveillance by the PDS Teams

Summery:
The Transboundry animal’s diseases are great threat for the lives of animals/
livestock in the global village (WORLD). In those part of the world where TAD
(Transboundry Animals Disease) Especially Rinderpest still exists, eradication will be
achieved by a process of Participatory Disease Surveillance and intensive vaccination
of infected population if found. The eradication program is in progress in Pakistan
with the coordination of Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO) of United Nation and
European Union (EU). The ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock (MINFAL)
and provincial Livestock departments are in action and Participatory Disease
Surveillance Teams are carrying out PDS activities in the Targeted villages of their
allocated Districts.
Objectives
1. To know the prevalence of Transboundry Animal Diseases (FMD, PPR,
RP) in the villages of allocated by applying the tools of Participatory
Epidemiology.
2. To observe and record the movement of Livestock from the Livestock
markets to other Districts, Provinces, or Countries.
3. To give awareness to the field Veterinary staff and Livestock holders
of the area about the importance of early warning and early reaction
for the control of TAD from Pakistan.
Methodology Adopted / Activities Performed
The Participatory Epidemiology is a main tool to observe the disease incidence in a
particular area as the Livestock keeper always try to get his sick animal recovered
with his own or traditional methods of treatment and the mutual consultation of
farmers leads to the symptoms of those diseases which were prevailing in that
particular area some time The PDS Team trained in Participatory Disease
Surveillance technique applied the tools of Participatory Disease Surveillance to get a
valuable Participatory appraisal. The active participation of local farmers/ livestock
owners made the activity more effective and authenticated. To get more and active
participation the meeting time and place was the main consideration of the PDS
Team. In every village / area the Participatory Epidemiology tools were applied with
flexible manner according to the local situation so that the correct information/ data
can be collected / complied. Following main activities were performed in the targeted
villages / area as methodology for Participatory Disease Surveillance.
• Actual survey of the District Area by consulting local Veterinary Staff
• Map of the District/area
• Conduction of farmers meetings
• Open ended questions
• Proportional Pilling
• Mapping of the village / area
• Seasonal Calendar of livestock diseases
• Interviewing the Key Informants
• Observing the health status of existing livestock
• Collection of samples for final laboratory diagnosis
• Visiting the Veterinary Institutions
• Contacting with the field veterinary staff
• Visiting the local cattle markets
• Visiting the commercial Dairy farms
 • Visiting the cattle colonies

Basic data of Punjab

District Wise Basic Data regarding Livestock in the Punjab Province

Livestock Population
S/No District Buffalo Cattle Total U/Councils Villages
1 Rawalpindi 174817 210681 385498 104 1074
2 Chakwal 102496 241660 344156 58 439
3 Attock 98458 259864 358322 63 459
4 Jhelum 100512 96322 196834 40 537
5 Muzzafar Garh 312823 467346 780169 103 962
6 Layyah 158755 228677 387432 36 699
7 Rajan Pur 107345 149257 256602 46 436
8 DG Khan 124810 280572 405382 69 775
9 Sargodha 533604 357026 890630 122 859
10 Mianwali 89889 248901 338790 44 477
11 Khushab 114310 203988 318298 42 330
12 Bhakkar 156351 285285 441636 34 600
13 Hafizabad 260233 105428 365661 39 425
14 Gujranwala 427626 130986 558612 97 806
15 Mandibahaudin 358591 117490 476081 64 429
16 Gujrat 296188 102185 398373 93 1001
17 Sialkot 388925 136498 525423 111 1606
18 Narowal 223773 116479 340252 72 1291
19 Lahore 254507 802560 1057067 38 308
20 Kasur 473236 148064 621300 103 615
21 Okara 584945 177192 762137 105 915
22 Sheikhupura 609088 252897 861985 144 1031
23 Faisalabad 767304 261410 1028714 162 797
24 Jhang 699024 471582 1170606 99 1040
25 T.T.Singh 330629 169938 500567 66 531
26 Pakpattan 372713 97180 469893 60 566
27 Sahiwal 430638 123790 554428 88 525
28 Multan 316027 258749 574776 90 524
29 Lodhran 167518 142553 310071 60 566
30 Vehari 449696 182536 632232 88 525
31 Khanewal 398868 226402 625270 90 774
32 Bahawalpur 348790 241057 589847 68 568
33 Bahawalnagar 499704 279884 779588 95 1013
34 Rahimyarkhan 566889 205184 772073 104 1329
Total 11299082 7779623 19078705 2697 24832
Status of Livestock Diseases in Districts allocated to PDS Teams

District Pakpattan

Prevalence Wise Importance Wise

HS HS
FMD PPHU
Mastitis Mastitis
Rheumatism FMD
PPHU Rheumatism
District Sahiwal
Prevalence Importance
HS HS
FMD PPHU
PPHU FMD
Ticks Mastitis
Rheumatism Rheumatism
District Toba Tek Singh
Prevalence Importance
HS HS
FMD PPHU
PPHU FMD
Mastitis Mange
Mange
District Okara
Prevalence Importance
FMD HS
HS PPHU
Diarrhea Mastitis
PPHU Impaction
Impaction
District Kasur
Prevalence Importance
HS HS
FMD PPHU
PPHU Pneumonia
Mastitis
R/fever
Pneumonia

District Lahore
Prevalence Importance
HS HS
FMD I/Worms
Mastitis Mastitis
Bronchitis
Pyrexia
Diarrhea
Meetings and interviews
Early reporting about the TAD by the field staff / livestock holders and early reaction
by the responsible authorities is the key to eradicate the TAD from Pakistan.
With this concept, the team conducted individual and collective meetings of
Veterinary Officers, Veterinary Assistants and Siaanas, Elders, Livestock Traders,
Private Veterinary Practitioners and other related persons to give awareness about
the TAD (Transboundry Animals Disease) .Meetings were conducted with
• Veterinary field staff
• Livestock holders
• Key informants
The team contacted the Veterinary field staff including Veterinary officer and
Veterinary Assistant working in the veterinary hospital, veterinary dispensaries and
veterinary centers by
 Visiting the veterinary institutions
 Discussing with them on prevailing livestock diseases in their area
 Asking them for the reporting of any contagious disease through flash
report
 Attending the monthly Veterinary Officers meeting at District level
 Attending the veterinary assistants meeting at institution level
 Giving awareness to the general public through news papers and
periodicals.
PDS work and its Response/Impact
The PDS Team during its activities interacts with the field veterinary staff and
livestock owners/farmers. Being the owners of animals, the farmers are the main
source of Information regarding livestock diseases as its prevalence and importance
in their area. The working field veterinary staff is also a good source of disease
reporting. During this study/surveillance following points regarding social behavior
were observed.
• EXPECTATIONS
• FEAR
• DEMAND
Farmers Response
1. While seeing the Government staff on vehicle, the farmers of that village
expects some common facilities.
2. At first instance the farmers hesitate to interact with the team.
3. After the introduction by PDS team, having the apprehensions of tax in his
mind, firstly he avoids to give the exact information about him and his
livestock.
4. After discussion regarding the livestock diseases, the farmers gain the
confidence and starts interacting with the PDS team.
5. During discussion, after perceiving the team’s aims / objectives, he actively
participates.
6. While pilling, mapping and making seasonal calendar of livestock diseases,
the farmers elaborates the prevalence and importance of livestock diseases.
7. After pilling and mapping etc, he demand from PDS team, a comprehensive
lecture on important prevalent livestock diseases.
8. Some farmers also demand medicine, vaccine etc free of cost however the
other participants of meeting condemn this demand having the clear concept
of PDS activities.
9. The farmers hesitate to inform, about the contagious diseases, in the
presence of concerned field veterinary staff.
 Summery of work (quantitative)

PDS Teams Punjab

PDS Team (A) PDS Team (B) PDS Team (C)

Activities Dr Ihtasham Dr Rasheed Dr Shami Total

District Covered

Villages visited

Meetings
Conducted

Farmer Contacted

Key Informants
Interviewed

Cattle Markets
Visited

Veterinary
Institutions Visited

Veterinary Staff
Contacted

Awareness
Meeting
Conducted
Diseases
Incidence
reported
Samples Collected