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net/ 1ière collège Exos - Maths Chapitre : 6 Cours : 1 mercredi 7 septembre 2011 Page : 1/3
Le Barycentre
اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺢ
(2ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺷﺎل:
MN MA AB BC CN
(a b ...e).OG a.OA b.OB ... e.OE a.AG b.BG c.CG d.DG ... e.EG 0
1
OG )(a.OA b.OB ... e.OE
a b ...e اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ Gاﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺔ
ﻧﻀﻊ OA OB ... OE uوﺗﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ : (A, a) ; (B, b) ; (C, c) ; ... ; (E, e)
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ :ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻷﻋﺪاد aو bو cو dو ...و e
OG uوھﻜﺬا ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ،ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﯿﺔ 1أن اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ Gوﺣﯿﺪة
ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﯾﺔ ﻓﺈن Gﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺛﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ . ABCD....E
.
ﻓﺈن Gھﻮ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺔ: ﺑﺮھﺎن :اﻟﺨﺎﺻﯿﺔ ﺻﺤﯿﺤﺔ ﻧﻈﺮا ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺎﻓﺆ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ :
1 1
(A , a ) ; (A , a ) ; (A 3 , a 3 ) ; ... ; (A p , a p ) ;
ھﻮ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ
2 2
a.AG b.BG c.CG d.DG ... e.EG 0
(B1 , b 1 ) ; (B 2 , b 2 ) ; (B 3 , b 3 ) ; ... ; (B p , b p )
ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻈﻤﺔ :
(G , (a
1 1 ) ) ... a p ) ) ; (G 2 , (b1 ... b p ka.AG kb.BG kc.CG kd.DG ... ke.EG 0
ﺑﺮھﺎن :ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﻄﯿﺎت وﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺤﯿﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ :
(1) : (a 1 a 2 ... a p ) GG 1 a 1 .GA 1 a 2 .GA 2 ... a p .GA p
( 2) : (b1 b 2 ... b p )GG 2 b1 .GB1 b 2 .GB 2 ... b n .GB n
ﻣﺜﺎل :ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺘﯿﻦ ) ( A,3و )( B,2 (3اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺤﯿﺔ :
ھﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ Gاﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ : AG 2AB : ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ وﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ،ﻣﮭﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ Oﻓﺈن:
1
(1) : OG )(a.OA b.OB
ab
Barycentre de trois points .Vﻣﺮﺟﺢ ﺛﻼث ﻧﻘﻂ :
(1ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ :4
وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﺒﺮھﻦ ﺑﺄن :
Aو Bو Cﻧﻘﻂ و aو bو cأﻋﺪاد ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯿﺔ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ a b c 0
2 2 ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ وﺣﯿﺪة Gﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﮭﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ :
BG 'BB ; AG 'AA
3 3 a.AG b.BG c.CG 0
اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ Gھﻲ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺔ
ﺧﻼﺻﺔ :ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺛﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ﯾﻨﺘﻤﻲ اﻟﻰ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ وﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ (A, a) ; (B, b) ; (C, c)
ﺛﻠﺜﻲ طﻮل اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ رأس اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻖ ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ .
(2ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺔ :ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻷﻋﺪاد aو bو cﻣﺘﺴﺎوﯾﺔ ﻓﺈن Gھﻮ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ
(3ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺔ :ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺎت اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ﺗﺘﻘﺎطﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻄﺔ وﺣﯿﺪة ھﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺛﻘﻞ ﺛﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ABCأي ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻈﻤﺔ . (A,1) ; (B,1) ; (C,1)
اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ.
ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ' Aو ' Bو ' Cﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻔﺎت BCو AC
ﺑﺮھﺎن :ﺑﻤﺎ أن Gھﻮ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ ، (A,1) ; (A' ,2) إذن ﻓﺈﻧﮫ ﯾﻨﺘﻤﻲ و . AB
اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ) ' ، (A, Aوﺑﺎﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﻓﺈن Gﯾﻨﺘﻤﻲ اﻟﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻤﺎ أن ' Aھﻮ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ ، (B,1) ; (C,1) ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻌﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺢ ﻓﺈن
اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﯿﻦ ) ' (B, Bو ) ' (C, Cوﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈن Gھﻮ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ (A,1) ; (A' ,2) وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈن
Gھﻮ ﺗﻘﺎطﻊ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺎت اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ . 2
AG 'AA
3
b c
(2) : AG AB AC
abc abc
:
Coordonnées barycentriques : اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺤﯿﺔ.VI
: ( ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺛﻼث ﻧﻘﻂ2 : ( ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ1
. ( O ; i ; j ) اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ . ( O ; i ; j ) اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ
ھﻲ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺔG اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ھﻲ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺰﻧﺔG اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ
(A, a) ; (B, b) ; (C, c) (A, a) ; (B, b)
: ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ، ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ وﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ : ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ، ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ وﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ
1 1
OG (a.OA b.OB c.OC) OG (a.OA b.OB)
abc ab
: G وﻣﻨﮫ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ إﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺘﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ : G وﻣﻨﮫ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ إﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺘﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ
1 1
x G a b c (ax A bx B cx C ) x G a b (ax A bx B )
x 1 x 1 (ax bx )
(ax A bx B cx C )
G G A B
abc ab