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VERTICAL FARMING

DIGITAL ASSIGNMENT-5
GROUP MEMBERS

15BCL0404 – P. PALANIYAPPAN
15BCL0405 – R. ARUNKUMAR
15BCL0407 – R. ARIVOLI
15BCL0409 – S. GOKUL
15BCL0410 – P. MOHAN
15BCL0411 – R. RAJESHKANNAN
15BCL0065 – BINGI SREEKANTH
LITERATURE REVIEW
S.No Name Location Height Type of Products Area Technology Year Website
building
1 The plant Chicago, IL 3 story Existing Wide variety 100000 -Aquaponics 2013 www.plantchicago.co
vertical building in of edible crops Sq.ft system and fish m
farm 19 century includes an breeding areas.
artisanal -Hydroponic
brewery, Recycling waste to
kombucha energy.
brewery, -Using biogas
mushroom from an anaerobic
farm, and digester
bakery tilapia -Natural sum
energy
2 S ky greens singapore 9m New Leafy green 600 m -Aeroponuic 2009 www.skygreens.appsfl
farms vegetables system y.com
Low carbon
hydraulic water
driven
-Natural sun
energy
3 V ertiCrop Vancouver, Rooftop of Leafy greens, 50*75 -Fully automated 2009 www.verticrop.com
TM canada existing micro Sq.ft, 120 racks system
building greens,and with 24 growing -Closed loop
strawberries trays on each conveyor hydroponic
track=16 acre -Room temperature,
farm lighting,
fertilization,
irrigation and
recapturing of the
water being used
-Natural and
artificial light

4 Republic of South korea 3 story New Leafy green 450 m^2 -Renewable resources 2011 www.cityfarmer.info/
south korea vegetables, almost like geothermal and
VF wheat, and corn solar
-Automated rack
system
LED
5 Nuvege plant Japan (Kyoto) 4 story Leafy green 30000 horizontal -Automated rack www.nuvege.com
factory vegetables sq.ft 57000 sq.ft system
of vertical -LED grow lights
growing space -Hydroponics
6 Plantlab VF Den bosch, 3 story Existing Every -Without use of 2011 www.plantlab.n1/
Holland under building imaginable daylight
ground crop, -Advanced LED
including -Aeroponic and
beans, corn, hydroponic
cucumber,
tomatoes and
strawberries

7 Vertical Jackson 3 story new Tomatoes, 4500 sq.ft -Recirculating 2012 www.verticalharvestjack
harvest Wyoming, strawberries, footprint into hydroponic son.com/
plans2 USA lettuce and 18000 sq.ft or methods
micro greens four times the -LED
growing area

8 Planned Linkoping, 17 story New Asian leafy -Aeroponic 2012 www.plantagon.con


vertical farm sweden green -Hyroponic
vegetables -Using waste
products in the
process
-Natural lighting
9 Green sense First farm in : New Micro greens 20000 -Using stacking 2014 http://www.greensensefa
farms Portage, Baby greens Sq.ft vertical towers rms.com
Indiana Herbs -Using automated
Lettuces computer controls,
Shenzhen, china which provide the 2016
precise amount of
light , nutrients,
water, temperature
and humidity
Minimize waste and
recycle water
technique

10 A eroFarms Newark, 9m New 250 different types 20000 sq.ft with Without any soil, 2012 http://aerofarms.com/
New jersey of herbs and rows and 12 levels pesticide, or sunlight
greens grow like of vertically grown Crops sit on stacked
kale, arugula and trays outfitted
mizuna LED lights
Using sensors that
track the growing
process.
Recycle water
technique
INTRODUCTION
• It is predicted that the world population will reach 9 billion by
2050, of which 70% will live in urban centres. This change,
alongside a changing climate, will strain Earth‘s resources,
specifically the ability to supply food. A valuable investigation
would be to determine other ways to supply food to cities alongside
current agricultural practices in a sustainable manner.
One idea is the concept of vertical farming. Vertical farming can be defined as farming fruits, vegetables,
grains, etc. in the middle of a city inside of abuilding where different floors have different purposes
(one
floor for a certain crop, another floor for a vegetable, etc.) using hydroponics(water with nutrients). The
concept of supplying food in cities is not a new one as the history of urban agriculture goes back to
many ancient civilizations, including the Mayans, the city of Tenochtitlan (Mexico City today), etc.
There are many developments taking place today that apply the concept of urban agriculture, and the
concept of vertical farming is a large scale extension of urban agriculture.
It is becoming increasingly understood that both ourforms of settlement and methods of sustenance
are functionally incompatible with a planet of limited natural resources.
Modern cities exhibit decisively - linear resource metabolisms where food, fresh water, energy, and other
resource demands are imported from great distances, consumed, and then swiftly dispensed as sewage
or rubbish that the natural world cannot easilyprocess.
Likewise, the high-yield farming methods that support our immense population are characterized by
their insatiable consumption of our limited reserves of freshwater, fossil-fuel energy, and soil.
A glimpse of humanity‘s predictable future indicates that the way cities and agriculture consume the
Earth‘s precious natural capital will only worsen with the passage of time. The projected addition of 2.25
billion people to the global population by 2050and another 2 billion by the end of the century forces us to
consider what our world will be like with nearly twice as many consumers.
Considering humanity‘s current population is already effectively degrading the ecological conditions we
require to thrive, it appears the only way to avoid both a global ecological tragedy and widespread famine
in the next century is to significantly transform the way cities and agriculture utilize natural resources.
This dissertation presents an argument for the implementation of an emerging building typology, the
vertical farm, as potential solution to the conflict between ecological stability and humanity‘s
persistent and economic growth.
As the world‘s population grows, so does the land required to produce the needed food. The concept of a
vertical farm was developed to remedy this crisis. A vertical farm is farms stacked on top of one another,
instead of branching out horizontally. Developed in 1999 by Professor Dickson Despommier, the farm uses
conventional farming methods such as hydroponicsand aeroponics to produce more yieldsfaster.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the scope of the vertical farming concept in the building levels
of the future cities. And thereby to analyse how well this concept can
integrated be into the urban to sow the seeds for the future and to resolve
the long-standing paradoxof humanity‘s inclination towards exponential
demographic and economic growth while inhabiting a planet of limited
resource material means.
To investigate the feasibility and plausibility of the vertical farming
concept in three specific and interrelated research domains.
To determine ways to supply food to cities in an energyefficient and
sustainable manner from both a quantitative and qualitative approach.
PROCEDURES
• At first we design the structure for the vertical farm.
• Then drill holes in Plastic glasstray.
• Mix manure and soil.
• Fill glass tray with mixture of manure and soil.
• Then do this same mixture to 3 vertical rows.
• Then we sprinkle seeds into soil 1 inch deep, it takes almost 2 weeks to
• grown up.
• Then we test it withwater.
BIOFERTILIZER&EM
• Instead of using chemical fertilizers, we are going plan a bio
fertilizers to
• the plants. Example of bio fertilizers : Rhizobium, Azotobacter
• Effective Microorganisms (EM) are mixed cultures of beneficial
naturally- occurring organisms that can be applied as inoculants
to increase the microbial diversity of soil ecosystem. They consist
mainly of the photosynthesizing bacteria, lactic acid bacteria,
yeasts, actinomycetes and fermenting fungi. Example of EM :
Lactic acid bacteria, Yeast, Actenomycetes, photosynthetic
bacteria.
Artificial Light or Solar Reflectorsfor
• In vertical farming, plants may not have a proper sunlight facility.
So we planned to use Artificial Light System to get the proper Light
intensity and temperature for the plants growth.
• The factors we need to focus on are Light intensity, Light Duration,
Lighting spectrum and temperature , for example Winter crops need less
temperature where as summer crops need more temperature and also We
can give light for specific duration of time by controlling the light intensity.
• Otherwise, We can use pipe like solar reflectors to bring the sunlight into the
• House or building , which can be more efficient than Artificial Light system
• We are going to implement all these things in vertical forming.
Suitable structure and irriagation
• If we consider the vertical structure that will have more live load (Moving

• load).

• Analyzing the suitable structure which is more economical to reduce the

• initial cost.
• 3D structure by REVITsoftware.
• We can’t use all the irrigation types for this system. So, that DRIP IRRIGATION has to be
used to reduce the water demand as well as to reduce the water being wasted.
• Load analysis of the structure by using STAAD.Pro software.
• This all are the methodology and procedure of our project.
Descriptive work plan with
experimental work
• At first we have made the REVIT structure to test
• Load analysis of the structure by using STAAD.Pro software
• If you consider the vertical structure that will have more live load (Moving load)
• Analyzing the suitable structure which more economical to reduce the initial cost
• We can not use all the irrigation types for this system. So, that DRIP IRRIGATION
has to be used to reduce the water demand as well as to reduce the water being
wasted.
Design: by using REVIT
Side view of the structure
By using STAAD.Pro
• As per IS800-1984
• ISHB 300 member
• INDIAN CODE
• Checking passed
• Summation of all moments and pplied loads and reaction loads given in the
picture
STAAD.Pro structure
Analysis…..
Contd
Contd
STAAD.Pro results
Results
Results
Results

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