Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
B. Mechanism of Filtration
1. Dimensions of the system
2 . Filtration by interception
3 . Filtration by inertial impaction
4 Filtration by diffusional sap•.ur s
6 . The effect of filtration type on smoke particle site
6 . Filtration by vapor adsorption
7 . The resistance to dray
6 . Summary
LG 0391587
•1
r. ter,,,.. . .w . . ..
B . Pamarket Survey s
1 . Flue cured
2 . Burley
C . Stored Tobacco
1 . Flue cured
2 . Burley
F . Armeni a
1 . Arsenio Content of Cigarettes
a . 1953
b . 1966
0 . 196 0
2 . Leaf tobacc o
LG 039158 8
H . Daluation of Domestic Aromatic Tobacc o
1 . Comparison of domestic aromatic tobacco of the 1959
crop with imported aromatic tobacco s
A . Introduction
C . Nicotine Recover y
1 . Present status of the project
2 . Hconosic study
3 . Suaaary
4 . Recommendations
D . Status of Other Project s
1 . Quality Control instrument s
a . Keasuresent of filling power
b . Soft spot measuring device
o . Automatic cigarette sorter
d . Burn-spot measuring devic e
e . Softening of cigarettes during burning
S . C .T .B . manufacturing proces s
a . Reduction in CTS thickness
b . Control of C .T .S. thickness
C . Hydroyyrethyl ssylose as a binder
d . W interference sui t
3 . *Pilots oidarette factory
4 . Drying studies
5 . Filling powe r
a . 'Dipped sprayed on burley
b . Dipped burle y
6 . tundaaental Studie s
a . Cellulose sharecteriatics of tobacc o
b . Pressure drop through packed tobacco beds
7 . Miscellaneou s
a . Cut burley stems
b . Competitive brand s
LG 0391589
.
I-
preparati
the confe
for repel
adaquate~
this natt
1.
thorough
interohst
each pro.
2.
basic ty ;
rate and
the repo:
previous
covered .
3.
pressing
diecusee
LG 0391590
RESEARCH CONFERENCE, DURHAM, H . Q . DECEMBf.H a a►A 8 . 3 I
4
This s
INTRODUCTION what i
phases of the work of the Research Department with special emphasis being T
placed on findings or topics of major interest . By 1569 the number of areas of our
or Interest and research had become so numerous that It was Impossible to the Is
adequately discuss 12 to 16 months work on each one and still keep the topics
physic
conference within the practical time limit of two days . At the time of
preparation for the conference in June 1960 the decision was made to hold physic
on • a
for report and discussion so that all areas of research interest would be
adequately covered at least every 1Q .Aoniha ._ It was felt that a oha:ige of use o f
to be
this nature would serve several useful purposes .
each project .
rate and It more frequent reports are mane a proportionately laree part of
the report consists of background material and material which has been
0
0
LG 0391591
a
P 0
2
This concept and schedule of reporting assumes one very important fact .
what it is and recognizes that the material which is covered in this report
is only that portion of our work which is scheduled for this report an d
does not represent the results of the entire effort of the Research Department
of our biological work and some of the work of the Engineering Division of
be
to
re
slow
of
of
LG 0391592
0
J.
t Introductio n
With the tremendous growth of filtered cisarettea sales, the filter
Rent portion of the ei ✓,arette has become an important part of the industry's
This, of course, provides a somewhat lighter or less dense smoke for the c
consumer and by ao doing may partially alleviate his fears stemming from
the benefit of the industry in that stronger, less desirable tobaccos may 1
be inoornorated in the blend and th-ir otherwise objectionable impact can
consumer is that the filter tip provides a firm mouthpiece which isolates
the mouth from loose tobacco shreds . Because of the subjective nature of
is to slightly modify the taste and aroma of the smoke obtained from a
the smoke stream . In general the practice is ta try to minimize the taste
changes introduced by the filter ; however this does not preclude future
LG 0391593
N
- 4 -
report summarises this work and generally discusses the design, manufacture,
co r
and properties of cigarette filters . As a preliminary to the discussio n
r f11
of presently available and possible future filters, several sections
th e
dealing with the theoretical, orgenoleptic . and practical aspects of
be !
filtration of cigarette smoke are Inoluaed .
Meehanieris of r'ltration fi t
In the passage of cigarette smoke through the filter tip of a pa y
cigarette, a number of physical processes are occurring which contribute SM
to the overall filtration process . Acong these are the mechanical capture pa .
filters . Be
In considering the processes by which a smoke particle can b e in
mechanically captured by a cigarette filter, it is useful to consider the fi
FE
t,
ti
LG 0391594
0 - 5-
fiber oriented across the flowing gem airman . As the particle approaches
W the fiber, several processes can occur which will result in the particle
fiber, its trajectory can bo such that the two touch as the stream flows
and its magnitude depends principally on the ratio of the site of the
r particle and the fiber . 'therefore, larger particles, are more readily
rp- CM coll^eted, and smaller filter fibers are more efric':ent collectors than
their larger counterparts since both these factors .-ind to increase this
as to whether a particle which just touches the filter fiber adheres to the
Because the small site of the particles gives them a large surface are a
ze fiber are relatively large . It has been estimated that gas velocitie s
of more than 100 centimeters per second past the attached particle would
components from the particulate phaa . r.f ci .;brette smoke Duch a selective
ftltnr must presume that the n+ajoortty of the particles are collected by the
filter medium, the ntrieelrable component remcw od, ani the particles are
LG 0391595
- S -
The wei,tht of evidence indicates that this is not the case, but rather that th.
the particles which pass throubh the filte, Into the smoker's mouth have f i'
a
never touched the filtering material and therefore could not be affected Si
by it . th
na
inertial lmpsotion . Again considering the etngle particle upstream from W
a fiber, It is evident that the stream in flowing around the protruding 81
m
fiber . A Smoke particle embedded in this stream is not as readily able to
fiber . In this process the controlling factors are the mass or inertia
e of the particle, the velocity of the stress", and the :fiber diameter .
same mechanisms tend to control the larger particle end of the size
'tte ,
distribution of cigarette omoke in both filtered and unfiltered oi ;Sardttes .
Its Tt is known that small ■ wre•o1 particles undergo a violist and erratic
!same kind of motion, with the particle . such a collision process would
LG 0391596
than their larger uounterpnr•s . "hen such particles are close to a filter
fiber, a number of them will move towards and collide with the fiber .
Since the smaller particles mavo greater distances from any given collision,
a given period of time, or are more readily filtered out of the passing
cmoke strew, This meohai.tam, which bec sea more effective as the smoke
particle site decreases, probably controls the small particle end of the
and unfiltered cigarette smoke . In this work it was found that the site
erA that very few particles smaller than 0 .1 microns or larger than 1 micron
particles which are le,,st effective for the most freuu•ntly occurring
this poitat
LG 0391597
- 8 -
TABL .1
Corparison of Solid Aerosol "titration Hfficisnoles for 17 as Filter Plugs
eapt
Aerosol dec o
Partial s 26 DPF 16 DPF acetat e 2 DPF U .S . Filter
Sire acetate + 12% solka floe acetate Corp. paper an
imicrons )
0 .20 15% 46% 60% arot
85%
0.25 11 42 56 81 aero
0 .30 41 54 79
0 .35 41 54 78
0 .40 1• . 43 55 72 fli t
0 .5 0 13 48 57 82
53 63 88 aoe t
0.60 18
exhibit the same filtration pattern with changing particle site, thereby
to the smoke stream . Howeler, the coeaonly used cellulose acetate type
of filter has a structure in which the filtering strands have an average more
of the fibers should have a considerable effect on the collection efficiency grad
sate
of the filter fibers . If the fibers are truly parallel to the smok e
a di
stream, the diffuslonal capture of prrticlee should be enhanced since the
amok
particles are in close proximity to the fiber for longer times . Conversely,
the
the processes of direct interception and inertial impaction should not be
port
operative since the flow direction is unchanged in flowing along the fiber ..
it a
In actual practice, however, a cellulose acetate filter has a number of
the
irregularities in the flow pattern, caused by the crimps in the fibers and
efft
the crossing of one fiber over another . These factors reintroduce th e
err ,
interception and Impaction mechanisms, so that their filtration characteristics
LG 0391598
- 9 -
acetate fibers .
TASLg 2
li erosoT ke i tratio n
Cigarette filtration Efficiency Zfflolonoy
14W- 0% floc 16 .7 26 . 9
16W- 3% floc 24 .6 28 . 6
lbw- 6% floc 33 .1 32 . 7
r 17W- 9% floe 42 .2 39 . 6
18W- 12% floc 62 .3 44 . 4
oz 19v- 15% floe 60.1 60. 3
efficiency of samples 14( and 19W . This would account for the higher smoke
efficiency of 14W . and in turn for the lower smoke efficiency of sample 19W .
11
LG 0391599
-10-
LG 0391600
M
0
- 11 -
is also indicated that cellulose acetate and solka floe have similar
0
adsorbative capacities for the vaporised materials present in poke . pr
The date in table 3 on the percent of the total smoke in the vapor so
phase are probably considerably lower than the actual values . This is mu
thought to be the case since the Vambridge filter pad undoubtedly has some fi
adsorbative capacity for smoke vapors . For this reason, calculations is
utilising these amounts of vapor and particulate material, and the vapor at
efficiencies given in table 3 to not completely rectify the discrepancy IT
between the efficiency figures of Table 2 .
the vapor adsorption of oi,garatte filters both for smoke vapors and pure
cigarette filters and not with their pressure drop, or resistance of draw .
filter since both properties are dependent on the number, size, and I
orientation of the filter fibers . It stands to reason and is well known
in practice that the more filtering material packed into the filter, the
greater the blocks, ;e of the channels through the filter, hence the greater
the resistance to flow of gas through the 0tlter . This resistance to flow
LG 0391601
-19-
In theoretically considering the factors which contribute to the
alter
pressure drop, there are two approaches which may be taken . The first, and
bear
more commonly used, is to consider the filter as being composed of a
sale(
multitude of regu2arly6haped channels of capillary dimensions . the
be d+
filter is thus considered me a bunch of capillary tubes in which Poiseutlle's
some
law applies . While this approach may be useful in considerind certain types
thi s
such as paper filters which have well defined channels, the wide fiber
reasonable agreement with the measured values when this model is'chosen.
tap
In these calculations the variables of primary importance are the velocity
!or
of flow, the fraction of the filter area occupied by the filter strands,
ac(
and the orientation of the fibers . In general it is found that a reduction
act
in pressure drop may be achieved by reducing the number and/or dross sectional
im)
area of the fibers and by insuring that a greater proportion of the fibers
psi
are oriented perpendicular to the stream . Of these factors, only a reduction
th.
in the number of fibers tends to reduce the filtration efficiency, while
th
the others can increase this property .
ar
In summary, it has been found from theoretical considerations that
per unit pressure drop . The comoosition of these fibers can be such that
vaporized components of the smoke stream . This latter prope-t ; may, however,
HZE
LG 0391602
- 13
the fact that the smoke must necessarily pass through the tobacco column, differ,
istios
which is in itself a filtering medium . Also because of this consideration,
tt.r"M
the chances of shifting the distribution towards larger particle size s
tepro vement of filtration efficiency with a reduction in pressure drop . the pat
For the most commonly used type, a fibrous filter composed of cellulose the pat
acetate or other staple fibers, the tendency has been to reduce fiber size smoke,
improvement over the older parallel orientation . The less widely used reduce,
paper filters represent a theoretical improvement over the fibrous type in lnoreat
produo•
that their fibers are generally smaller and more favorably odented . Further
theoretical improvements in both these types of filters are possible and effioi
a bla n
Lion f
tastin
to cobs
than a
oigare
ohann .
LG 0391603
0
as
. ..
r
- 14-
FILTRATION AN SHOVE FLAVO R
harehne
The presence of any kind of artificial tip on a cigarette has a remark-
able effect on the flavor of the smoke . The degree of influence on the tip
above .
depends on several factors such as tip length, tip composition, and tip
ohambel
filtration efficiency .
smoker'
The tip on the and of the cigarette causes the emote to travel an
11 efteoti
unnatural path . Filter tips are usually composed of material which is
recess
different from leaf tobacco . These 'toreign' materials have surface character-
the bac
isties and shapes which are different from tobacco . When the smoke is forced
inorea.
through such materials, the delicate balance of the smoke flavor is disturbed .
tobaoo .
The most obvious result of the filter tip is the reduction of the amount
of smoke reaching the smoker's mouth . The filter tip simply removes some of
8.
the particulate and vapor phase of the smoke . The removal of any portion of
oharao
the particulate and vapor phase unbalances the flavor characteristics of the
formal.
smoke, and the degree of unbalance is not always prediotaole .
I
A cellulose acetate filter reduces the overall flavor level and, generally,
materl
reduces the sweet-fragrant component of the flavor . The result is an apparent
harahn
increase in the bitter taste . A low efficiency cellulose acetate filter
both f'
producos an increase in mouth and throat harshness . As the filtration
a amok,
efficiency of a cellulose acetate tip is increased, the smoke flavor and
0
stimulation characteristics decrease to the point whore the smoker receive s
maters
0 a bland, flat-tasting smoke which has neither body nor satisfaction .
eaterl
Paper filters produce more drastic ohandee in smoke flavor and stimula-
tanks,
tion factors . Paper filters, generally . produce dry, acrid, and bitter
lntrod
tasting smoke from almost any type of tobacco or tobacco blend . Paper seems
fruit
to absorb more moisture and sweet-tasting, fragrant components from the smoke
flavor
than cellulose acetate . The physical arrangement of the paper sheet in a
volati
cigarette filter resembles a 'honeycomb ■ and contains hundreds of tiny
recent
channels . These channels seem to scoentuato the production of bitterness and
as t o
LG 0391604
- 15 -
chamber where the smoke particles can conglomerate before they reach the probl
smoker's mouth. The recess produces a sharp bitterness and harsh throat
recess in the filter tends to present the majority of the flavor impact to
er-
the back of the smoker's mouth . The apparent relocation of the smoke impact
d
increases the intensity of the non-fragrant woody and bitter tastes of the
4.
tobacco smoke .
.t
FUYORING FILTERED CIGAHF.TTE s
both flavor and stimulation must be added to the tobacco in order to produce
tonka, resins and spices serve to restore impact to filtered smoke as well as
:6 fruit extracts, organic esters, aldehydes and colas, and amplitude to the
recessed filters . They serve to balance the bitter amt woody tastes nit well
LG 0391605
M
- 16 -
Mother important function Of the volatile additives is to produce
Each new tobaooo blend and each new filter presents its own flavoring
problem . the c
Pleat
as a
of i f
Is t t
40 p1
advai
dote
prea
pri m
L an
an d
the
LG 0391606
- 17 -
The 16 dpf 80,000 tow produces a very fire filter . The L and M filter ft
to the firmest of all cellulose acetate filters on the market . fl ,
The floc additive is applied in sufficient quantity to maintain a at
40 percent filtration efficiency . A filter of the L and M type offers two me '
advantages : The filters are firmer, end the level of filtration, which is
determined by the additive content, can be changed at will without changing ma,
equipment or materials . th
0 The disadvantages of the additive type filter are (1) non-uniform pr
pressure drop, (2) non-uniform site and (3) high manufacturing costs due
ov
primarily to inspection and "making room" waste .
during the past year . Among these are (1) Celaweb Acetate Roving, a
LG 0391607
a
- 18 -
The CFZ.AItEB product requires neither additive nor plasticizer and can
research with the Celanese Fibers Company led to tie development of Type 21
Celaweb which is now being used on the Dute of Durha'i, 70 aim L and M and 8o as
L and X .
The STUFF -JEJ is an Eastman development which vas designed to make
•lter firm, uniform filters from small filament, low total der .ler tow. The small
filament, low total denier tow will produce a uniform, hi%' s ;flcienoy filter
at lower cost than our present 16 denier tow . In additton, the avl1 fila-
the tow fibers into the garniture of the filter maker . the stuffer-Jet
sent floe .
field In the course of our research on the tension-stuffing process with
LG 0391608
- 19 -
The Fastman ^rc6O Jet was submitted to its in October, 1960. The 9 .60
process employs a new approach to the manufacture of filters from cellulose
acetate tow . Instead of tension, a relatively high pressure air stream and
a speetal Set are used to bloom the tow . The 9-60 process produces firm,
uniform filters from small filament, very low total denier tow . The E.60
Jet completIly blooms thi toe and can produce satisfactory filters with
9-60 process also includes a new attachment for the application of plastici-
1 .6 apt 39,000 TD tow . The 1 .6 denier tow and the 9-60 process produce
a uniform, satisfactory filter rod which has pressure drop and filtration
id.
characteristics of the L and M filter .
3
Table 1 shows a comparison of the physical properties of 86 an
Parabl e
eiitarsttes made with the several types of filters which have been discussed
per
above,
Vera l
c. .,uld
LG 0391609
KCCAK O ♦ SA~CtY ~ ;Ln q
IM
-20-
TABLtC I
COMPARISON OF SIX ?!P23 OP FILT91 CI0AR6TT49
=
Plasticiser % 4 .6 - 7 .0 7 .0 8 .0 8. 0
Additive % 13 .2 - - - - -
Filtration 41 .0 42 .3 39.0 43 .0 43 .7 41 . 4
%ffioieney
filters for 1 million cliarettes . The quantities shown for the 16 Apt
•stisated and are included in the quantites given for the other types of
filters .
w, , ~ . ] • ..s •o
)14 Wa0 34 - --
LG 0391610
-21 -
LA" I
Tow Cost 8180 .90 4201 .90 ;,178 .48 ;178.37 3167 .3 5 assembl
Total cost 8203 .66 $201 .90 =187 .88 $187 .34 =166 .32
0 Tt
Savings -- 0.1 .76 $16 .98 $16 .32 €37 .34
ch uins
will h+
has certain advantages and disadvantages which are discussed below ; with t
will over a range of 20 to 40 percent . The It denier tow produces a very a]1 ty
firm rod, and tiro rods help cigarette machine performance . The disadvantages oompe t
in the use of the floc additive are (1) non-uniform pressure drop at higher
little
be us(
stuff '
LG 0391611
te
Coloweb JU
of
Celaweb 21 produces a uniform filter with a minimum inspection cost
to
and can be made into filters on a simplified machine . Ileitber plasticizer
lover and we would expect to have less tow waste . Filter making machines
in
will have to be modified to a certain extent to accommodate the 2 .1 denier
Li
tow . However . the modified machines can be used to prbosss any type o f
of
tow which does not require an adaltive . The primary disadvantage connected
with the use of 2 .1 denier tow is that we sacrifice the ability to change
filtration efficiency at will . Filters made with 2 .1 denier tow are softer
than the L and M filter, but are firm enough to perform satisfactorily on
all types of assemblers . The 2 .1 denier filters compare with the leading
competition in firmness .
The use of the Stutter Jet with the 2 .1 denier tow offers no
aopreoiable advantage over the tension process except that it may allow a
little latitude in filtratior range . In other words, the stuffer jet can
be used to effect a slight increase in filtration which is aooosjili4w1by
stuffing more tow into a given length of filter, The main disadvantage
LG 0391612
11
Rr60 PROC6s5
in
The ;-60 Process offers the advantage of rather large savings in
del
materials and reduction in waste . It is simple to operate . The L-60
ri :
process produces firm, very uniform filters which perform well on all type s
an'
of assemblers . The 9-60 process saorifioes the ability to change filtration
at will except over a very small range . rho process requires large
Ps'
quantities of high pressure air (20 to 25 psi) . The filter asking machines
he .
will require considerable modification . It is estimated that the cost of
tb
converting machines and installing sufficient air capacity will be about
Sp
23,000 .00 permachine .
the
An additional disadvantage rests in the tact that the 9-f0 process
re;
involves a patented device and its use requires an agreement which say bind
fi
Liggett and Myers to the £astaan Company making Zastman the exclusive supplier
so
of any tow used on the device .
fi
th
an
at
to
an
so
In
pa
to
of
P1
LG 0391613
<o u s.
Uperisental !'liters
at
In the proceeding sections of this report, several new developments
P.
in the area of cellulose acetate filters have been discussed. These
patents submitted by inventors have been examined, and for the most part
have been found not to be of interest . Since most inventors start from
the erroneous concept that they can develop a selective filter oy some
that most of these inventions are not of particular value . other samples
Si '
LG 0391614
S
as
and the pipe cleaner and molded filters, which achieved a preferred
int o
perpendicular orientation of the fibers .
As a continuation of this a process for forming an extruded, mixed
fiber filter rod has been developed . The process essentially consists of
and cost
extruding a methanol slurry of a mixture of short cellulose acetate and alpha
cellulose fibers through an critics tube with a perforated wall . Ibis
i
operation forms a coherent rod by separating the mixed fibers and the
part
methanol, the latter being expelled through the perforations in the
roe
extrusion tabs . After oven drying the rod consists of a porous mass of
me fibers generally oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the rod . It
ng
is found that t.hv
.se filters have filtration efficiencies and pressure
spie s
drops similar to those found for aouste Skyline paper filters and have
about 251 less pressure drop then an L and k type filter of corresponding
on .
efficiency . They do not appear to have the objectionable taste properties
ileble
of the paper filters .
p_s of which
Two other experimental filter&/have been suggested,but have not as
jet
yet been investigated, are an electrostatic filter and a diffusion battery
on-
filter . The former of these is based on the filtration mechanism of
drop,
attracting charged smoke particles to an oppositely charged filtering
'f cul t
medium . It is known that smoke has a roughly equal division of positively
charged, negatively charged, and neutral particles . By employing a filter
rotors,
material with a permanent polarization or charge separation, it should be
:ory .
possible to remove an apprwiable percentage of these charged particles
3r .Rt
without increasing the filter pressure drop .
to
A seoo nd prospective filter is based on the principle of a diffusion
istios
battery . This would consist of a multitude of small channels without bends
in
or protruding fibers . As such it would be effective only for removing
LS meter,
small particles and tend to shift the most frequently occurring particle
slue of the filtered smoke to a larger site . Since the bulk of the weigh t
LG 0391615
0
11
of smoke is found in the larger sized particles, such a filter would not Q
apvear to be particularly effective by the usual filtration efficiency
particle most likely to penetrate into the lungs while leaving those tha t
1 t
Or
r
T
r
a
Is ® 1
11
0
C
LG 039161 6
i
few years . The second is the L and M testing method modified in accordance in th
with the proposals of the Analytical Methods Committee of the Tobacco Chemists' the a
analyses by the P .f .9 . method have been continued to provide comparative data since
on the same purchase of cigarettes tested by the new method . Since the P .T .C . app's
method provides less reliable data and considerably less information abou t words
I
the cigarettes under test, its further use is not contemplated at this time, volat
and all future testing will be by the revised L and M method . appe'C
In the past four years, 17 series of filter cigarettes have been tested corre
by the method outlined in our publications in Tobacco Science . This method appal
.served its intended purpose well, in that variations in the composition o f throe
the brands tested were readily detectable . A number of the test procedures proof
were, however, considerably different from those used by other workers so dono r
that our data was not comparable to other published and unpublished data . the i
In an effort to standardize smoke testing and provide a method which could f OW%c
be used for collaborative testing, the Analytical Methods Committee of the ■inu
Tobacco Chemists' Conference carefully studied the problem and puopose« a aimi *
rigorous set of test procedures . In one of the alternative forms, the method
approximates' the old L and M method . The major revisions are a change in to a
puff volume from 44 to 40 cubic centimeters, a change in frequency from 2 to door
1 putt per minute, a change from smoking a fixed number of puffs to smoking alga
all cigarettes to a 30 mm butt length . and the substitution of a Karl Fischer Whir
weter determination for the old chloroform eolubl• tar- determination . pro d
These revisions were such that the older dnta are not strictly comparable now
to data obtained by the new method . For instance, the change in puff volume to t
LG 0391617
-28-
residence time of the smoke within the filter . This amounts to a 9% increase
;arettes from 39 .5 to 43 .1% efficiency for the total smoke obtained from an 85 mm .
an L and M cigarette . .
pas t The change in interval for cellulose acetate filters generally result
onc e in the smoke efficiency being slightly higher than the nicotine eftienoy for
hemists' the same cigarettes . For paper filters the opposite seems too-hstrue . It
urposes, is thought that this behavior is related to the vapor absorption problem,
e dat a since efficiencies computed from smoke weights corrected for water generally
. . T.C . appear to be in better agreement with the ntootine efficiency . In other
ou t words, the water present in smoke is more effectively filtered than the less
Rime , volatile components, so that the overall smoke efficiency is reduced to
LG 0391618
I
-29-
anger
In addition to the changes noted in the proceeding paragraphs, a new
Increase
measurement of the porosity of cigarette paper has been added to the
. A.
analytical routine . This consists of a measurement of the pressure drop of
A The cigarettes tested in Table 1 for the most part appear to follow the
smoking smoke solids were, however, noted for the Life, Sano, Newport, Old Oold, and
+a . . Is to Salem cigarettes during this period . The reasons for these changes wil l
length . Average data obtained by the revised 1 . and M method for the July
'ir smoke national purohase of cigarettes are given in Table 2 . The changes noted in
L .Dias, Table 1 for several brands are evident in these data, when compared with
rom brand the previous results obtained by the ol.d 1 . end M method . These changes may
be tummarized as follows :
LG 0391619
0
-30-
M 1 . The Life cigarette has been altered to give less evoke than was
previously measured for this brand . This reduction was achieved by lengthen-
porosity paper .
2 . Sane cigarettes are now equipped with an all paper filter in place
0
of the former mixed payer and cotton plug . This change resulted in a
4 . It has been noted that the Salem is now equipped with a small fiber
acetate filter and medium porosity paper . Formerly this had a coarser filter
m d high porosity paper . These opposing changes bring this cigarette into
line with the Winston, and have resulted in a slight reduction in smoke
1
delivery .
5 . The Newport and Old Gold are now wrapped in medium instead of high I
porosity paper . This change was probably accompanied by a blend change and
6 . Alpine and Parliament were tourd to have shifted from high porosit y
In general, the changes observed during this year in these brands have
been slight in comparison with those made in previous years . The trend
towards reducing smoke and nicotine delivery has in most instances stopped
LG 0391620
-31-
?ABL
SUMMARY DATA OF COMPETITIVE CIGARETTES ANALYZED BY THE F .T .C . METHOD DURING 1960
_ppf32
TABLE $
2221109 Da
usher o? Putts 9 .1 9 .3 8 .8 9 .9 9 .6 9.9
Butt Length (ccs) 30 .0 30.1 29 .9 30.0 30.1 30 . 2
t
fat r a on
o • ■ Rm7 tg 22 .7 27 .5 28 .0 38 .9 38.8 37 . 9
Mater mgm/cig 8 .2 7 .4 8 .4 11 .6 12 .0 10 . 1
DDry emoks(s~m pig) 14 .5 20 .1 19 .6 27 .3 26 .8 27 .7
Niootine(mp/cig) 0 .69 0.45 '0 .65 1 .12 1 .41 1 .4d
E!M 1
Nat rt a
ot, mgmioig 66 .4 54 .6 53 .8 70.9 70 .6 65 . 6
Mater mgm/cig 22 .8 16.7 20.1 85 .2 22 .9 20. 8
Dry Smokttimgm/o1) 33 .6 39 .1 33 .7 45 .7 47 .6 44 . 8
❑ Nicotine(mgs/otgJ 1 .76 0 .9? 1 .18 1 .90 2 .50 2 .43
FL-4tratag Efficiency
Wot* 69 .8 49 .8 48.0 45 .1 46 .0 42 .4 P:
-dater 54 .0 52 .9 68.2 54 .0 47 .6 51 .4
Dry tine. % ) 66. 8 48 .6 41.8 40.3 43 .7 38. 2
619 Nicotine (~) 5 53 .6 44 .9 41 .1 43 .6 39 . 9
T .T .C . Analyst .
moso ids mgm/cig)15 . 7 17 .3 17 .3 24 .5 29 .0 28. 5 F
Nicotine (ago cig) 0 . 6 0.6 0 .7 1 .2 1 .5 1 .5
Number of Puf f s 9 . 1 9 .7 9 .1 10 .1 10 .4 10 .6
LG 0391622
TASLIC I (Gent . )
Hi t Par la - ld
troy Ciasrette Parade Kent ment Marlboro Newport Gold
.
C:
C • Data
00 weight grams) 1 .124 1 .080 1 .113 1 .172 1 .046 1 .066
8 Pressure Drop(cmH,O) 10 .0 12.5 13 .2 11 .6 11 .2 11 . 1
21 Circumference (mm 25 .56 25 .33 26 .38 26 .70 26 .38 25 .44
it Burn Rate (se/min 4 .25 4 .87 4 .34 4 .28 5 .32 8 .39
'5 Nicotine Content %) 1 .60 1 .36 1 .50 1 .78 1 .51 1.60
9 Length ( ■ m) 85 .0 84 .9 84 .8 86.0 84 .8 84 . 9
6 Paper Porosity(o ■He0) 23 .9 8 .2 10 .1 11 .8 6 .8 9.8
F
T r D•ta_
L63 eame 0.185 0 .209 0 .218 0 .249 tl .191 0 .194
3 Pressure Drop(c5H,O) 3 .8 8 .9 7 .0 6 .2 6 .7 5. 6
Length (mm) 16 .9 17 .0 20 .01 20 .0 17 .0 17 . 0
Paper 23 0
Fiber Diameter (K) 18 28 21 23
.1 . filte r
Additive Content (4 ) None None None Non. None hone e
Sapki ng _Ds a
.2' 1ht■
-ber ofuff s 9 .7 9 .4 9 .7 10.1 8 .6 8. 7
Butt Length ( ■m) 30 .0 30 .0 30 .0 30 .2 30 .0 29 . 9
Ma is . a
' .1 ok• ■ gM ctK 39 .1 35 .0 41 .2 43 .6 35 .8 37 . 8
wat .r( ■ g■/otd 10.3 11 .1 12 .4 10 .9 10 .6 10. 8
46 Dry Snake ( ■ p/oig) 28.8 23 .9 28 .8 32 .7 26 .2 27 . 0
Nlootine( ■g■(oig) 1 .26 1 .07 1 .24 1 .43 1 .16 I
1 .17
S. 6 Totes Na a a 1
). 8 woke ■ Gig 67 .3 58 .9 69 .3 71 .9 68 .5 59 . 0
i1 Water mg■/oig 22 .5 21 .3 25 .5 22 .6 20 .4 20 . 5
. 43 Dry Smok .( ■ga/ci) 44 .8 37 .6 43 .8 49 .3 38 .1 38. 5
Nicotin .( ■gm/oig 2 .25 1 .64 1 .99 2 .29 1 .74 1 .7 5
Z .4 Filtra n Effto 0
1 .4 Sao • 41 40 .6 40 .5 39 .4 37 .1 36 . 9
8 .2 Water (S 54 .2 47 .9 51 .4 51 .8 48 .0 47 . 3
9 .9 Dry Smoke (S) 35 .7 36 .4 34 .2 33 .7 31 .2 29 . 9
Nicotine (S) 44 .0 34 .8 37 .7 37 .6 33 .9 33 . 1
8 .6 F .T .C . Analysi s
.5 Smoke Solids mgm/c1g) 27 .8 26 .9 25 .8 32 .9 26 .6 26 . 9
0 .6 Nicotine (mgm/oig) 1 .3 1 .1 1 .3 1 .7 1 .2 1.2
Number of Puffs 10 .4 9 .? 10 .0 10 .6 9 .4 9.1
t
Includes 5 mm recess
0
0
LG 0391623
w L
-34-
TABLR 2 (Cont .)
M.
70 90 M .
Cigarette Winston Salem Tareyton L•K East Oak s
Ci ar-tt Data
Weight (gross) 1 .161 1 .161 1 .142 1 .012 0.966 1 .119
Pressure Drop asHaO) 10.6 10.8 10 .7 11 .9 13 .2 16 .6 Did,
Circumference (mm 25 .70 25 .82 26 .57 26 .14 26 .4? 26 .01
!turn Mats (ms/min) 4 .46 4 .34 4.60 4 .14 4 .39 4 .70 the
.Jicotine Content (7G) 1 .91 2 .06 1 .66 1 .77 1 .39
Length (me) 84 .7 84 .4 84 .8 70.0 89 .9 86.0 eta"
Paper Porosity(omHiO) 11 .9 10.2 34 .6 19 .6 8.4 10. 9
F rDa a
eight-Gass)) 0 .182 0 .186 0.225 0.234 0 .191 0 .301 fir
Pressure Drop(omH,0) 6 .9 6 .0 4 .6 7 .? 6.6 12 . 3
Length (mm) 17 .0 17 .0 16 .0 15 .0 15 .0 26 .01 is .
Fiber Diameter ( 27 27 28 45 23
Additive Content ( %) None None gone 14 .0 None None fla;
Book& Data ver.
!luster or Pufte 10 .1 10 .0 9 .? 7 .1 7 .3 9. 7
Butt Length (mm) 29 .7 30.1 29 .9 30 .0 30 .0 30.3 tea
Mat a Qfl T_
Fg
-3i■ gs/oi
9:oe 43 .0 43 .2 43 .5 33 .4 29 .1 38 .7
11 .7 12 .7 12 .7 10 .2 10 .2 13 .6 0
water (sgs/oig) bet•
Dry Smoke (sgs/ot ) 31 .3 30 .6 30 .8 23 .2 18 .9 25 . 1
Nicotine (agm/cigl 1 .73 1 .82 1 .68 1 .22 0 .85 1 .37 f1a.
Total Ka is S's
Smoke ■ gs oig 67 .0 6'3 .9 66 .8 55 .5 47 .6 80. 6
water sgs/oig 21 .9 22 .5 21 .3 °1 .1 19 .4 33 .8 was
Dry Smoke ( oig) 44 .4 34 .4 46 . 8
NiooLlne(10g~ g) 2158 2 .33 .50 smo
1
F ltra t Efficiency
35 .8 35 .4 34 .9 39 .8 38.9 52 . 0 2fit
Mater (~ 48 .6 43 .8 40 .4 51 .2 47 .4 59 .8 ton'
ne if)
N yNicotin e s ( 32 .9 32 .8 32 .2 8 .7 34 .6 46 .9 the
F .T .C . A a an
sots o ids mgu/cig) 31 .1 32 .5 33 .6 23 .6 20 . 6
Nicotine (sgs/cig) 1 .8 1 .9 1 .6 1 .3 0.9 exb
Number of Putts 10 .9 10 .9 10 .8 8 .0 8. 0
the
Includes 5 ■ m recess .
f 1a
red
The
410 0
LG 0391624
. - -
38
FLAVOR R SEARCH, FILTER 410 TTIS
that may have been made . Since our last report, we have noted the following
changes in competitive brands of filter cigarettes .
is apparent in the nooks . It lacks the high impact and amplitude of sweet
flavor which has so long been typical of the Winston .- The smoke produces a
very low throat impact and is dominated ter a persistent papery and hay-like
taste . to t
Marlboro : The Marlboro tobacco seems to contain moreflavoring than it did flea
D before the 20am . filter tip was adopted . The Marlboro produces more smoke new
flavor as a result of the increased flavorings . The smoke flavor is mainly staf
sweet-tasting and seems to be more uniform throughout the cigarette than it
was before this change was made . The Marlboro shows more improvement in heat
smoking quality than any of its competitors .
rep]
Parliament : The Parliament blend seems to contain more of a sweet vanilla and maw
tonks type flavoring than it did a year aso . The only improvement noted In The
the smoke has been found in the aftertaste . The Parliament smoke exhibit s
we
an unusual flavor spectrum . When the smoke is drawn into the mouth, it
Salem : The Increased filtration of the Salem filter has caused a ape
reduction In amplitude of sucks flavor compared to several months ago . di n
There has not been a change in the type of flavor exhibited by the Salem . Its In
amok* produces less throat effect than it did before the filter change . of
0
M
LG 0391625
_ 36-
Alan : The Alpine smoke produces an increased menthol taste and impact . type par
The Alpine still lacks the heavy, fragrant tobacco-like background flavor LandK '
The Newport and Spring Cigarettes have not been changed appreciably . It was I
The Newport aroma and smoke flavor is dominated by a Peppermint Oil oharsoter . (1) wore
The peppermint taste also dominates the aftertaste . The Spring produces a inhibit
'diluted' tasting smoke which has very low amplitude and impact and which is produce s
dominated by a bland, papery-sweet taste . In
Land K office,
A large portion of the Flavor Laboratory research work has been devote d shows %I
to the study of the L and N cigarette with emphasis on ways to produce more period.
flavor in the smoke . This work includes the effects of reduced filtration,
new types of filters, cigarette papers, blends, and new approaches from th e
In March, 1960, the L and N tobacco blend was changed in that all of th e
heavier grade tobaccos which had been purchases from the tobacco pool were
Tb
replaced by tobaccos purchased by our leaf department for this purpose . Th e
were se
new blend produced an improvement in the smoking characteristics of the L and N .
A1'
The improvement primarily involved throat irritation factors . The new blend
lprefere,
produced a smoother, less-irritating smoke . Smoking panels reported a better
"*sola r
balance between flavor and stimulation factors .
Th
In July, 1960, the fast burning paper was replaced 'with Type A cigarette
made wl
paper on the L and N . The slower-uurning L and N prcauoed a sucks which
algaret
exhibited slightly more pleasant sweet flavor than the faster-burning product .
accepts
Although the July L and N produced a balanced, pleasing smoke flavor
were de
spectrum, the amplitude of its flavor continued to be lower than was desired,
flavor
since the 'filterea-taste" component in the smoke was not completely covered .
L
In addition, the high floc content filters continued to present the problem
in the
of pressure drop variation . The majority of complaints from our consumer-
LG 0391626
0
- 37
A impact . type panels were attributed to the fact that a considerable percentage of
It was thought that the less efficient filter would have two . .advar.taies :
rreolably .
(1) Wore woke flavor would be produced, and (2) The oigarettes would
Oil Character .
exhibit more uniform pressure drop, since more uniform filters can be
,produces a
and which i s produced as the floe content is reduced .
In July, 1960, we prepared Sample ll-X which is an L and W cigarette
with a 10% floc filter and Type A Paper . Sample 11-'. was submitted to
)been devoted shows the preference ratings obtained from all panels during 4-week test
LG 0391627
38
which contains L and M tobacco blend . Menthol was added to the L and M
top-dressing and applied in the usual manner . The finished tobacco contains
apprf,ctmately 0 .01 per cent menthol . The filters contain 10 percent floc .
the panel members commented favorably on Sample 20-X and judged the sample
flavor spectrum which exhibits more heavy, sweet fragrance with a lover
i
level of throat impact .
significant preference for the Sample 24-A which contained normal L and M
d
Fz] tobacco .
Personal opinions taken at the conclusion of the testing period show
of
that a large percentage of the panel smokers found no difference or very
LG 0391628
-39-
h Formal panel smokers, who are usually more sensitive than the average
smoker, found only very slight difference in the smoking ohareoteristios
less throat impact and mouth dryness and seemed to have a slightly higher
samples 24-X and 26-X with a normal L and K show a higher level of smoke
flavor from 24-X and 25-X than from the L and K . This is probably due to
In our flavor research during the pa&t few months, we have prepared
and tested hundreds of new items and formulations in our attempt to develop
tel l
an improved flavoring for the L and K cigarette . This work has led to the
rely .
development of a modification of the L and K flavoring formula which seems
type which produces a more fragrant package aroma and a mild, balanced smoke
Smoking panel tests are incomplete, but the initial reaction to sampl e 0
12-A has been favorable .
owls
We have been unable to make a sib'niticant improvement in the smoking
LG 0391629
-40-
rage
The 'menthol-mist' formula contains a small amount of oil of Wintergreen .
as
It has been brought to our attention that the food and Drug Administration
d
will ban the use of Wintergreen in foods in January, 161 . In keeping with
.her
our policy of avoding unapproved flavoring materials, a have been testing
of
revised formulas which contain no Wintergreen . In October, we develope d
-ks
such a menthol-mist formula which was applied to Sample 13-A .
I to
Sample 13-A has been submitted to preference panels for comparison
I with Oasis . All panels show a definite preference for Sample 13-A. After
gold
four weeks, the overall panel preference is 2 to 1 in favor of Sample 13-A .
Celaweb D-366 .
Oasis Sample 25-V was made with a filter composnd of 8 dpf 80 .000
)king total denier tow . The 8 denier filters products a filtration efficiency
.1s have and p'assure drop oompari .blc to the present Oasis filter..
al Samni . 25-V was subritted to the preference panels and tested for a
a .e period of four weeks . All panels showed a preference for 25-V . The
11
LG 0391630
- 41 -
the revision of the filter . The initial Duke of Durha ■ filter was made
loon with 18 denier tow and contained enough floc to produce a 80 per cent
After
filtration efficiency .
Is 13-& The main advantage gained from the Celaweb 21 filter was the improvement
br in pressure drop uniformity . Another big advantage was realized in the
1. filter making department through improved machine performance and reduced
cent waste .
br us e 1e have made several Duke of Durham samples with filters which have
us e efficiencies of less than 60 per cent . Smoking panels have found that such
filters produce undesirable characteristics with the Duke of Durham blend.
the effect of menthol on the Duke of Durham . Smoking panel studies show
000 that menthol is not compatible with the present Duke of Durham formula ;
enc y it causes the smoke flavor to exhibit unusual flat-papery taste characteristics .
Non-filtering M9Rih2L8_Q_q
for a
Tn June, 1960, we resumed work on the devolopment of a recessed, non-
is
filtering mouthpiece ei, ;arette which will rove the smoke flavor charaoterts-
tics of a Chesterfield . This proj'ot was Legun in April, 1959, but was
0
11
LG 0391631
- 42 -
Durham cigarette .
The non-filtering, recessed mouthpiece with which we have been working
blend . In spite of its low filtration efficiency, the mouth piece caused
a considerable decrease in the amplitude of smoke flavor normally produced
loont
by the Chesterfield blend . In addition, the flavor was unbalanced and was
made during the past few months we have not been successful in achieving a
ulb
blended and balanced smoke flavor .
d.
We have attempted to increase smoke flavor impact by altering the
d
tobacco blend and flavoring additives .
We have merle a aeries of samples composed by the following tobacco
blend .,
35% No . 1 Strips
30% No . 25 Strips
16% Turkis h
fl 20% CTS
This formula exhibits a high impact to the smoker's mouth and throat .
,ristics . but the smoke flavor exhibits too much bitter and woody taste ,
12
we have been trying to develop a tobacco blond and flavor formula
which will add sweet flavor without producing undesirable after effects .
)n-
To reduce throat impact and burley type aftertastes, the tobacc o
'ris•-
blend was modified to contain more No . 1 strips and less No . 25 strips
we follows .
LG 0391632
42% No . I strips
20% No . 26 strips
16% Turkish
3% Maryland
20% CT B
Sample 7-B contains the above blend and is flavored with a very complex
mixture which contains some heavy, sweet resinous extracts and rum type
flavors . Sample 7-B exhibits more packa ;e aroma than any of the previous
Although Sample 7-B represents the most favorable among the recessed non-
filtering mouthpiece ctgarettes that we have made thus far, we do not feel
LG 0391633
K
Chesterfield :
We have been unable to make a significant improvement in t.te flavoring
formula which has been used on Chesterfield since January, 1960 . The present
Chesterfield produces a well-aiended aroma and a high amplitude and impac t
I
of smoke flavor . Aging studies show that the Chesterfield retains Its aroma
and flavor quality for a longer period of time than it did prior to the use
corn sugar as a replacement for the solid No . 700 corn sugar which has been
that is, it does not have to be melted and consequently should allow a
saving in handling costs . Tt'e liquid sugar also offers an eoone.mlo adven-
ta3e of ;1 .75 per hundred pounds . This cost advantage amounts to approximately
;60,000 .00 par year based on our present usage .
Both formal panel and preference panel data show favorable acceptance
Ni
LG 0039634
0
presen t lipping, the tobacco was dried to gusrdite order and bulked in hogsheads
.mpact for several days when it was then blended with the No . 1 and Turkish strips .
Is aroma The full blend was then spray-cased in the usual manner with normal
I
:he us e Chesterfield casing . out and top-dressed with Chesterfield flavoring .
Sample 25-Y was submitted to all smoking panels for evaluation against
aid a normal Chesterfield . Panel reaction to 2i-Y was about neutral after a
r
as bee n smoking period of 3 1/2 waste . Formal taste panel examination of 25-Y
I showed a favorable reaction to the slightly increased flavor amplitude and
e; mouth stimulation . In the opinion of the formal panel, 25-Y exhibited more
`dve n- Sample 25-Y was remane in October and is being tested by the smoking
p_aximately panels at this time .
NO
ri
LG 0391635
IN
s t
LG 0391636
I
ris7+~
; 00
-47-
CIGARETTE ANALYSCS of alai
Chemical last fi
m Pall 14
The periodic chemical analyses of competitive brands of oi6a retta s
and of the Chesterfield and L and M of„arettes have been continued since and fi :
the lost report . The average ctamioal analyses for certain constituents of of the
fifteen brands of cigarettes are shown in Table 1 . The analyses are shown but i nc
by quarters for 1957, 1958, 1959 and 1960 . 'fhe data ahocn for the third had ma'
quarter of 1960 are incomplete and include only the analyses of the cigarettes of 196 :
that any major changes have been sad* in the tobaccos used which would T'
alter appreciably the chemical make-up of the cigarette . The noticeable ci.ntim
changes in some of the chemical constituents determined would probably be nf. trog•
the result of changes in cropo used in the blends and the initial use of of 195 .
fourth quarter of 1959 and bas remained fairly constant during the first remai n
decline slightly through the sec . ;nd quarter of 1960 . The general level of third
sugars and starch was slightly higher during 1960 than in previous years . quarte
The alpha-amino nitrogen content of L and M has remained fairly constant brand
since the third quarter of 1959 but at a level considerably below that of previo
1957 . 1958 and the first two quarters of 1959 . The nicotine content o f stgnif
L end M continued to decline slightly through the second quarter of 1960• ofPAr
The general level of sugars and starch seemed to be slightly higher in the quarto
M
L and M curing 1960 than in previous years . 0 and th
The data on the Lucky Strike has remained fairly constant throughout quarts
0
the four year period but indicate a slight decline In alpha-amino nitrogen decrea
and nicotine oon ;entb in th, last five yuarteru tested . The higher level . in the
LG 0391637
- 48 -
of starches previously reported has remained fairly constant during the first
last tour quarters . Thi alpha-amino nitrogen and nicotine contents of the remain
Pall Mall have been quite variable, but generally lower, since the second conten
and first quarters respectively of 1959 . The alpha-amino nitrogen content four qi
of the it Parade declined rather sharply in the fourth quarter of 1969 remain,
but increased in the second quarter of 1960 to tt . .• same general level it inan e .
had maintains) during the latter part of 1958 and the first three quarters slight
of 1959 . The nicotine content of the At Pa „ral"e decreased in the fourth nitrog
LE
quarter of 1959 and since that time has remained at a lower level than the the is
I previous year. quarts:
The Reynolds Tobacco Company products, Camel, Winston, ann Salem have aarlbo
ct.ntinued, with minor exceptions, the general decline in alpha-amino Ti
nitrogen content started in the latter part of 1959 or in the first quarter quart e:
of 1958. The nicotine content of these brands decreased from early 1959 1959,
until the second quarter of 1959 in which they increased sharply . They amino I
were immediately reduced again during the third quarter of 1909 and have in the
remained fairly constant since that time . Indies
The total nitrogen content of Mill D Morris increased slightly in the has be
third quarter of 1959 and remained fairly constant during the first three quarts :
quarto-* of 1960 . The alpha-amino nitrogen and nicotine contents of this Tt
brand were slightly lower in the last four quarters tested than in the 1969 at
previous three years . The starch content of Philip Morris increased reset n i
significantly during the last four quarters . the to .-1 nitrogen oontAnt Tt
of Par iam .nt decreased from the fourth quarter of 1959 through the second had car
quarter of 1959, increased during the third and fourth quarters of1959 quartet
and the first quarter of 1960, and remained constant through the third and the
quarter of 1960 . The alpha-amino nitro{en content of Parliament, which had P oond
decreased from early in 1958 through the third quarter of 1959, tnoreaeed has o•'
in thefourth quarter of 1969 and remained fairly constant during the 1 thir d
11
0
LG 0391638
0
r!
- 49 -
first three quarters of 1960 . The nicotine content of this br'.nd has
0 remained fairly constant since the first quarter of 1959 . The starch at
content of Parliament has also been considerably higher during the last br
t four quarters tested . The total nitrogen content of Marlboro, which bad fr
remained fairly constant through the last half of 1958 and all of 1959 . 03
increased sharply in the first quarter of 1960 and seemed to decline very Ti
e slightly during the second and third quarters of 1960. The alpha-amino Ct
nitrogen and nicotine contents of Marlboro have been fairly constant during D4
e the last four quarters at a level slightly lower than the previous four ti
quarters but much lower than in 1957 and 1958 . The starch content of e:
The total nitrogen content of Old Gold increased slightly in the fourth
or quarter of 1969 and first quarter of 1960 from the low attained earlier in
1959, then increased sharply in the second quarter of 1960 . The alpha-
amino nitrogen content of M G 91d held fairly constant at the low attained
in the third quarter of 1959 until the third quarter of 1960, which
1969 and 1960 but the alpha-amino nitrogen and nicotine contents have
The nicotine and total nitrogen contents of Kool and Viceroy oisarettes C
had continually declined from early 1957 through the third and fourth a
quarters of 1969 ; increased again through the fourth quarter of 1959 (Koo1)
and the first quarter of 1960 (Viceroy), then decreased sharply in the
has oven quite variable but generally of the same magnitude since th e
LG 0391639
i
- so-
Table 2 shows a comparison of the fifteen brands by chemical dat a
the
averaged over the last four quarters tested . Of the six non-filtered
hi c
brands, tabulated from Chesterfield through Old Cold, Camel stands ou t
co r
from the group with considerably higher total nitrogen and nicotine contents .
1 Old Gold also stands out with the lower total nitrogen and nicotine contents . c or
The alpha-amino nitrogen contents of the six brans are quite comparable .
total sugars ; the latter is also reflected by the bigher content of alcohol
extractable materials .
L and M would indioate that the tobacco used in this blend places it among
however, is considerably lower than tool and Salem in this group and e :.ceeds
0
only Kent, Parliament and It Parade in the entire group . L and K does
stand out from the other filtered brands in its very low content of
much lower content of total nitrogen and protein nitrogen and nicotine .
other trends, its alpha-amino nitrogen, protein nitrogen, and total nitrogen
and Viceroy ■ re lower than the brands of the higher group (L ana K, Marlboro,
Kool and Salem), the nicotine contents of these two brands are comparatively
high and are exceeded only by kool and Salem .. •fhe Viceroy differs from
LG 0391640
the Winston in its lower content of petroleum ether extractable materials,
higher content of reducing and total sugars and consequently the higher Cigarette
HEC ST . sPI E
Content of the alcohol extractable materials, and the lower hydrogen ion
1957
concentration (p11) . 1957
1957
1968
1968
1958
1968
1959
1969
1989
19b9
1960
1960
198 0
L AND $
T -'1937
2 1957
3 1957
1957
1 1968
E 1958
3 1958
4 1958
1 1969
E 1959
3 1969
4 1959
1 1980
2 1960
3 1960
14CKY 8TR
1 193'T
2 1957
3 1967
4 1957
1 1958
E 1938,
3 195A
4 1966
1 1959
2 1959
3 1959
4 1959
1 1960
2 1960
3 1960
LG 0391641
I
- 52-
TABLE 1
Chemical Arm lyses of Some Competitive vi mattes by ;4uarters for 198?, 1968, 196 9
an 196 0
Tot . . Prot . tno Rico- 1'et . ned . Tota l A lo .
Ci arette Nit . Nit . Nit . tine Ether Surs :3ugare 3tarcti NVA tat . PH
195? 2 .26 0 .97 0 .169 2 .01 5 .23 14 .85 15 .90 3 . 78 16 . 1 6 35 . 14 5 . 32 Mae r f
P. 1957 2 .31 0 .94 0 .183 2 .10 5 .28 14 :65 15 .61 3 .79 16 .21 34 .86 6 .31 PA
3 1957 2 .35 1 .00 0.188 2 .19 5 .04 13 .47 14 .51 3 .62 17 .34 34 .97 5 .29 T i
4 1957 2 .42 1 .30 0 .205 2 ..24 5 .15 13 .89 14 .81 3 .61 17 .31 35 .80 5 .25 2 1!
1 1958 2 .43 1,01 0 .219 2 .25 6 .18 13 .95 14 .78 3 .73 17 .4? 35 .06 6 .27 3 1!
2 1958 2 .41 1 .01 0 .213 2 .14 5 .30 13 .83 14 .81 3 .92 17,10 34 .85 5 .25 4 1'
3 1958 2 .38 1 .01 0 .196 2 .06 6 .42 13 .69 14 .78 4 .15 16 .74 34 .22 5 .25 1 1'
4 1958 2 .30 O .S8 0 .190 1 .95 5 .07 13 .96 15 .36 4 .31 16 .79 36 .66 5 . 27 2 1
1 1959 2 .29 0 .95 0 .192 1 .93 4 .98 13 .87 15 .14 3 .74 16 .96 34 .93 6 .23 3 1
4 1
2 1959 2 . 32 0. 98 0 . 190 1 .94 5 .12 14 .07 15 . 2 8 4 . 38 16 .99 35 .21 5 .28
1 1
3 1959 2 .33 0 .97 0 . . 34 1 .90 5 .26 13 .55 14 .47 4 .49 16 .93 34 .96 5 .25
4 1969 2 .30 1 .00 0 .170 1 .82 4 .66 14 .0? 16 .18 4 .40 17 .03 35 .95 °. 1
0 5 .28 3
1 1980 2 .28 1 .00 0 .171 1 .80 4 .67 14 .54 13 .64 4 .80 1
16 .61 36 .44 5 .30 4 1
2 1960 2 .31 0 .99 0 .171 1 .75 6 :13 14 .16 15 .09
3 1960 2 .28 0 .97 0 .168 1 .78 5 .12 14 .32__15 .87
4 .J
4 .26
.
1 6. b l 35 .89 6. 1
2
1
1
L AND P 3_ 1
T '1937 2 .68 1 .08 0 .233 2 .24 4 .84 11 .82 12 .83 3 .52 18 .53 31 .58 6 .3 0
2 1957 2 .69 1 .08 0.230 2 .35 5 .06 11 .24 12 .37 3 . 51 18 . 53 31 . 42 5 . 32
3 1957 2 . 7 4 1 . 08 0 . 22 7 2 . 41 4 . 84 11 . 35 1 2 . 4 0 3 . 52 18 . 96 3 2 .01 6. 26
r I
4 1957 9 1
2 .73 1 .12 0 .232 2 .39 4 .82 11 .92 12 .76 3 .52 18 .19 34 .22 6 . 26
1 1958 2 .66 3 1
1 .10 0 .239 2 .29 4 .78 11 .86 13 .21 3 .52 18 .06 32 .70 5 .26
2 1958 2 .63 1 .10 0 .241 2 .17 4 .81 4 1
12 .17 13 .20 3 .96 18 .14 32 .88 5 .T7
3 1958 2 .62 1 .07 0 .229 2 .14 5 .00 11 .95 13 .07 4 .30 17 .56 31 .81 5 .26 1 1
4 1958 2 .66 1 .06 0.232 2 .10 4 .63 12 .18 13 .57 4 .61 17 .28 33 .76 5 .24 2 l
,
1 1959 2 .52 1 .03 0 .236 2 .06 4 .47 12 :00 13 .19 3 .92 17 .94 33 .12 5 .2 1 4 1
2 1959 2 .52 0 .99 0 .236 2 .00 4 .49 12 .49 13 .47 4 .34 17 .97 33 .06 5 .27
3 1959 2 .51 0 .99 0 .216 1 .96 4 .65 11 .70 12 .35 4 .41 17 . 72 1 3
34 . 10 5. 27
4 1959 2 .52 1 .02 0 .209 1 .90 3 .90 12 .32 13 .06 4 .72 17 .82 33 .86 6 .2 6 2 1
1 1960 2 .49 1 .04 0 .208 1 .85 4 .02 12 .44 13 .62 5 .12 3 1
17 .56 35 .30 5 .29 4
2 1960 2 .51 1 .12 0 .208 1 .81 4 .33 12 .97 13 .29 4 .76 17 .34 3.7 .82 5 .33 1
1 1
3 1960 2 .49 1 .06 0 .212 1 .88 4.4
49 12 .39 13 .17 5 . 10 17 . ( 7 31 . 91 5 . 25 2
C STR 3
1 193 2 .34 0 .9? 0,181 1 .92 5 .71 12 .48 14 .07 3 .82 18 .31 32 .99 6 .3 9
2 1957 2 .34 0 .97 0 .185 1 .83 5 .96 12 .73 13 .98 CA
3 .78 17 .64 33 .26 5 .45
3 196? 2 .31 0 .98 0 .177 1 .85 5 .69 12 .40 14 .05 4 .06 18 .77 33 .20 5 .3 6
4 1957 2 . 29 1 .00 0 .177 1 83 0. b2 12 .82 14 . 38 4 . 03 18 . 11 34 . 13 6 . 34 2
1 1958 2 .30 1 .00 0 .1821 .90 5 .53 12 .78 14 .21 3 .97 17 .64 33 .71 5 .34 3
2 1958 2 .30 1 .00 0 .1871 .81 5 .66 121 .93 14 .23 4 .17 18 .13 32 .90 5 .39 4
3 1958 2 .29 1 .02 0.179 1 .46 b .72 12 .76 14 .26 4 .37 17 .91 33 . 30 5 .37 1
4 1968 2 .30 0 .99 0 .1831 .49 5 .bO 12 .56 13 .57 4 .53 18 .21 33 .36 6 . 36 2
3
1 1959 2 .28 0 .99 0 .)Z 1 .82 5 .49 12 .75 13 .81 4 .12 17 .91 32 .79 5 .34 4
2 1959 2 .29 1 .01 0 .182 1 .80 5 .75 13 .12 14 .73 4 .66 17 .47 33,42 5 .42
1
3 1959 2 .30 1 .00 0.169 1 .77 5 .77 12 .28 13 .92 4 .48 19 .13 33 .79 5 .39
0 .164 2 .74
2
4 1959 2 .27 1 .02 5 .34 13 .07 14 .37 4 .52 17 .44 34 .49 5 .36 3
1 1960 2 . 34 1 .04 0 .178 1 .60 A 36 13 .14 14 .45 4 .84 17 .61 35 .88 5 38 4
°. 1980 2 . 31 1 .04 0 .172 1 . '/7 5(8 12 .45 14 . 15 4 . 56 17 . 88 35 . 27 5 .38
2 .29 1
3 1960 1 .04 0 169 1 .1 .6 5 .69 1'2 .90 14 .15 4 73 17 .69 34 . 2 1 5 .38 2
3
LG 0391642
969 0 - 53 -
TABLE 1 (Continued )
1.
Tot . Prot . Amino Ntaa- Pet . tied . Total Alo ..
32 Ctaerette it . Nit . Nit . tine Ether Sugars Sugars Starch NVA Ext . PH
31 PA . . 4A
2 .40 0 .99 0.189 2 .00 5 .95 12 .18 13 .37 3 .89 18 .39 32 .97 5 .4 2
29
2 1957 2 .37 1 .01 0 .201 1 .89 6 .09 12 .35 14 .05 3 .75 18 .03 31 .93 5 .4 6
25
27 3 1957 2 .31 1 .03 0 .194 1 .92 5 .95 12 .38 13 .92 4 .03 17 .96 34 .28 5 .38
4 1967 2 .37 1 .03 0 .193 1 .93 5 .74 12 .70 13 .99 3 .76 18 .19 34 .96 5 .3 4
1'25 5 .93 12 .60 13 .88 4 .06
1 19 .08 2 .36 1 .05 0 .200 1 .91 17 .85 33 .76 6 .4 0
2 1958 2 .13 1 .02 0 .190 1 .817 5 .84 1 .2 .79 14 .04 4 .31 7.8 .42 34 .01 6 .4 4
3 1958 2 .54 1 .03 0 .181 1 .87 6 .0? 12 .42 14 .16 4 .46 17 .78 32 .77 5 .3 7
23
} 1958 2 .33 1 .03 0 .187 1-92 5 .7? 12 ..46 14 .02 4 .60 18 .22 34 .83 5 .2 8
28
.25 1 1959 2 .33 0 .99 0 .189 1 .92 5 .68 12 .71 14 .16 4 .21 18 .44 34 .70 5 .3 5
2 1959 2 .33 1 .06 0 .198 1 .81 5 .96 13 .12 14 .43 4 .52 18 .02 33 .49 5 .4 1
.28
3 1969 2 .31 1 .02 0 .173 1 .80 8 .03 12 .16 13 .50 4 .13 18 .75 32 .85 5 .3 9
.30
4 1959 2 .31 1 .04 0 .163 1 .73 5 .42 12 .73 13 .95 4 .66 18 .08 32 .85 5 .4 1
1 1960 2 .35 1 .05 0 .183 1 .80 5 .33 13 .22 14 .63 5 .00 17 .83 33 .75 5 .3 8
2 1960 2 .33 1 .03 0 .166 1 .68 5 .83 12 .38 13 .68 4 .71 18 .13 34 .15 6 .4 4
3 1960 2 .32 1 .03 0 .172 1 .71 5 .62 12 .48 13 .40 4 .59 19 .01 31 .5, 5 .4 0
.3 0
. 32 HIT PARAD E
.26 1057 2 .48 1 .00 0 .188 2 .16 5 .81 12 .45 13 .7? 3 .86 18 .22 33 .45 6 .3 4 SA
. 26 2 1957 2 .45 1 .02 0 .197 2 .06 8 .03 11 .88 13 .51 3 .99 18 .67 32 .20 5 .4 0
X26 3 1957 2 .43 1 .04 0 .175 2 .03 5 .85 12 .18 13 .54 3 .98 18 .98 31 .35 5 .3 2
. 7 4 1957 2 .41 1 .05 0 .181 2 .01 5 .52 12 .21 13 .27 3 .84 18 .69 32 .68 5 .2 9
1 1958 2 .38 1 .06 0 .182 1 .97 5 .54 12 .24 13 .38 4 .17 18 .33 33 .10 5,33
2 1968 2 .33 1 .03 0 .179 1 .80 5 .71 12 .86 14 .21 4 .24 18 .21 33 .07 5 .5 0
3 1958 2 .30 1 .03 0 .160 1 .80 6 .70 12 .79 14 .24 4 .36 17 .91 32 .62 5 .3 8
:21 4 1958 2 .30 1 .01 0 .168 1 .78 5 .6E 12 .43 13 .93 3 .94 18 .71 .34 .04 5 .3 5
.27
. 27 1 1959 2 .26 1 .00 0 .164 1 .73 5 .49 12 .68 14 .02 4 .04 18 .2? 36 .13 5 .3 9
. 26 2 1959 2 .31 1 .04 0 .171 1 .74 5 .77 13 .00 14 .51 4 .40 18 .57 33.11 5 .4 5
29 3 1959 2 .30 1 .03 0 .161 1 .74 3 .78 11 .98 13 .45 4 .47 18 .42 32 .47 6 .42
.33 4 1959 2 .27 1 .01 0 .14? 1 .64 6 .35 12 .59 13 .96 4 .46 18 .17 32 .97 6 .4 8
1 1960 2 .29 1 .00 0 .149 1 .88 5 .21 13 .32 14 .26 4 .46 18 .44 33 .33 5 .4 3
.25 2 1980 2 .34 1 .02 0 .166 1 .66 5 .47 12 .28 13 .37 4 .50 18 .21 32 .0; 6 .4 6
3 1960 2 .35 1 .04 0 .160 1 .'72 5 .72 11 .44 12 .96 4 .78 28 .4¢ 31 .9J 5,3 9
, .3 9
, . 45 CAME L
1 1957 2 .62 1 .01 0 .209 2 .44 5 .85 10 .8? 12 54 3 .68 19 .36 31 .56 5 .2 3 PHIL '
a . .36
P . 34 2 1957 2 .54 1 .00 0 .215 2 .25 6 .58 11 26 12 .71 zI .81 19 .53 31 .90 5 .2 9
' .34 3 1957 2 .52 1 .CP 0 .1SY1 2 .25 5 .49 11 .28 12 .83 4,12 18 .59 30 .77 5 .2 8 2
i .39 4 1957 2 .61 1 .03 0 .211 2 .25 5 .32 11 .33 13 .08 3 .68 18 .75 33 .42 5 .2 5 3
5 •t7 1 1958 2 .50 1 .04 0 .213 2 .18 5 .33 11 .57 13 .36 3 .94 18 .34 32 .30 5 .C 5 4
2 1958 2 .51 1 .05 0 .199 2 .14 f .48 1 .1 ..70 13 .29 4 .02 18 .61 31 .99 5 .2 5
5 . a6
A 1 .968 2 .45 1 .02 0 .192 2 .08 5 .611 11 .62 13 .37 4 .3'9 18 .40 32 .12 5 .2 7 2
534
5 .42 4 1958 2 .43 1 .01 0.18? 2 . c3 5 .45 1142 13 .60 4 .41 18 .4? 32 .14 5 .3 0 3
1 1959 2 .7,9 1 .00 0 .189 2 .02 b .2? 11 .43 12 95 3 .77 17 93 31 .30 5 .2 9 4
539 2 1959 2 .48 1 .01 0 .191 2 .25 5 .71 11 .71 13 .28 4 .34 19 .82 31 .82 5 .2 9 1
.36 3 1959 2 .44 1 .02 0 .183 2 .11 5 . 8 .3 10 .04 12 . 52 3. 96 18 . 68 31 . 5 3 5 . 30 2
5 38
4 1959 2 .45 1 .03 0 .1'77 2 03 5 .36 11 .44 13 .41 4 .05 18 .72 34 .66 5 .2 7 3
5 . :58
0 1 1960 2 .44 1 .04 0 .172 2 .04 5 .34 i 1 .9 : 1 .4 .01 4 .48 18 .83 35 .14 6 .27 4
5 .38
2 1960 2 .41 1 .01 0 .171 1 .115 b .00 1 i .90 1 .S . 61 4 .43 Ili . 41 32 .37 5 30 1
3 1960 2 .45 1 .05 0 1 ?t, 2 ,, : ? .b1 11ru3 1 .1 5 ._ •1 .'29 18 .48 33 .02 5 .24 2
S
LG 0391643
m
- 64 -
TABLE 1 (Continued )
LG 0391644
0
-55 -
TABLE 1 (Continues )
LG 0391645
9P9L9£0 r- 1
11 0 0
1'9 99' 0'61 ► '► oa• ► 0013 96 .0 98'1 £9t •o 1o' QC'a 6961 C
9t'9 9L'£C 83 .61 0t'1 96'21 09'ZT 88'0 86't 991'0 10'1 02'3 0961 Z
OT'Q tt'C2 LQ'LT 8710 t9' ► 1 011'£t 0410 60'3 341'0 10't Q1''3 0961 1
9019 Ct•9C 06'61 to' ► 61 .1'1 9Z'Ct at10 .40'a to 0011 9 ► 'a 6961 ►
0t•9 td' 0C 09 t 3612 LO' ►I 6L'Z1 43'9 90 .3 991'0 66'0 99'3 6481 2
01'9 99'1'0 01'61 *Cl** C9' ►t 2C•2T 31'9 W•1 181'0 86'0 89'3 8961 3
90'9 98'22 08'91 WA'0 9911'1 61'0 09 .0 86't 24110 8610 93'3 6961 1
C0'9 99'1C 09'91 09'1 L91't 6t'Ct 29'0 3411 OLtTO 66 '0 33 •3 9061 ►
011'4 ba'1'2 22'91 01' .1' 10'91 0C'CT W' ► W X 991'0 00'1 63'3 $961 2
90'9 U.1C 0191 It'0 11'91 09'21 1'8'0 Z6't QLttO 88'0 98•3 9961 a
90'9 11'1'2 1'3141 11412 CZ1'l 96'Zt 1111' 38't 64,110 00•1 09'3 8961 I
90'4 83'90 00'61 9L'C £0'It CO'LL 44'0 C8' 1 041'0 t0't 39*8 696t 0
90'9 "'CC 34 .61 08'4' 06 .21 t9'31 9811 06'1 342'0 10'1 99 .3 496t 2
60'0 96'32 61' .t 39 .2 41 .91 28•t1 4C14 20'3 99110 at Z4'3 6961 a
11'0 99'30 69'!1 49'9 08'3t 99'11 W9 60 .3 981'0 TO'1 99'9 6981
!2-O AL
11
WO WOC 41''81 Wt 69' 1''O*. 90'9 LQ't 047'0 WO QI'a 0961 f
92'9 49'29 08•6t 0011' 91''ZI ►t'IT •C6'9 9► 't 69110 86'0 3113 0961 a
02'9 W22 99'81 80'1 09'21 06'01 6 :'9 09'1 991'0 26'0 3t'3 0961 1
98'9 6t•22 MOST 1'8'2 98'It 20'Ot 82'9 toll 26t•0 Z6'0 tt'3 6961 4
93'4 31-92 10181 9612 99'Tt 9916 44'9 391t 99t'0 t6 .0 0t•3 6961 9
1'3 .9 93'32 81'81 20'0 01'31 62'0t 69'2 99'1 66t'0 16 .0 01 .3 8961 Z
L2'9 t0'22 92'01 69'2 19'11 t0'01 02'9 80 .1 081'0 89'0 Lola 6981 1
93'9 11 .22 66'61 114, 80'31 t6'6 19'9 4► 'I 26t'0 06'0 ►O'Z 8961 1
6319 09'12 69 .61 2812 16'11 t6'6 1919 9 ► 'T 091'0 0810 60 3 8961 L'
39'9 6C'22 U141 4819 06'3T or of t4'9 09't 06t'0 3810 911Z 8961 3
39 .9 94 .32 61'6t 89'2 W31 62'01 3214 69'1 061'0 16'0 01'3 9981 t
9919 14'29 I ► '8t 34'2 40'tt 9618 29'9 09 .1 £03 .0 98'0 92'3 696L 1
42'9 10'09 63'61 WC 06'0( 89'8 64'9 10'3 318'0 68'0 92'3 L951 9
1'2' ; 99'02 W-31 33'9 06'6 18'L 90'9 03 .2 6 :3'0 20'1 89'3 6961 6
83 .9 dt'tC £0'8t 9819 93'0t 89'8 £t'9 39'3 393'0 %0'1 99'3 496 1
4o40g aWfig •J ( • rig a 2S •uI 'AT '~• iN b11~ .t• 1 0 0
'4111 T"01 -VON -lad -0011 OUT!/ •30ad •aoZ 11
(y•nutsuoo) i S.•{g'v-
1
- 99
aaaoouao .~CUUpvapaap0 a waaagCYiaaabaar uPaaaav .ve. .. .L.- . .. . .
50 -080-0- FNwUO► O r
404M4W44tAa -w -am 44NNt.10 tO90CACA f ~
pe)~laltVr ► p _flo 0004 . 000ta
10
0
- 57-
AUI~ 2
f COMPARISON OF BRANDS BY CHEMICAL WTA AVt l&GED OVER LhST FOUit QUA1TER S
ot a otei n in o a uo -
Nit - Nit - Nit - Nico- Pet . 1ng Tota l Ale .
and rogen ro 4n roaen tint Ltner Bugara bra Starch NVA Ext . pH
Chesterfield 2 .29 0 .98 0 .170 1 .79 4 .90 11.4 .27 15 .45 4 .50 18 .73 36 .01 5 .32
Lucky Strike 2 .30 1 .04 0.171 1 .74 5 .b2 ''.2 .84 14 .28 4 .66 17 .68 35 .06 6 .38
Camel 2 .44 1 .03 0 .1?3 2 .02 5 .60 11 .81 13 .6? 4 .31 18 .66 33 .80 6.2 ?
Pa11 Mall 2 .33 1 .04 0 .171 1 .73 5 .66 12 .?0 13 .91 4 .74 18 .01 33 .07 5.41
Phi1!p Morris 2 .30 1 .01 0 .174 1 .82 5 .01 11 .04 12 .66 4 .54 16 .94 33 .74 6.25
Old Gold 2 .21 0 .96 0 .168 1 .64 6 .40 9 .78 11 .91 3 .81 18 .42 32 .66 5 .29 0
L and M 2 .50 1 .06 0 .209 1 .86 4 .19 12 .63 13 .29 4 .93 17 .45 33 .72 5 .2 8
Wtneton 2 .42 1 .04 0 .1'e9 1 .93 5 .26 10 .85 12 .20 4 .69 18.10 32 .51 6.2 5
Viceroy 2 .39 1 .02 0 .16? 1 .96 4 .83 12 .98 14 .24 4 .16 17 .50 34 .89 6.1 3
Kent 2 .13 0 .96 0.169 1 .51 5 .64 10.77 12 .09 4 .07 18 .35 33 .26 5 .32
Marlboro 2 .53 1 .11 0 .214 1 .90 6 .43 8 .48 10 .92 4 .22 17 .98 3'_ .14 5 .36
Parliament 2 .39 1 .09 0.1f14 1 .68 5 .04 9 .56 11 .69 4 .33 18 .96 30 .35 5.4 2
tilt Parade 2 .31 1 .02 0.156 1 .68 6.44 12 .41 13 .63 4 .54 18.32 .52 .53 5.4 4
Kool 2 .49 1 .00 0.f.04 2 .17 6 .19 11 .36 11 .96 4 .11 18 .06 32 .67 5 .34
?a1es 2 .55 1 .03 0.204 2 .06 5 .07 12 .30 14 .21 3 .98 18 .05 32 .37 8.33
IM
0
09
physical,
Physical separation of the fifteen brands discussed in the precedin g
are determined from only four oijarettes and are subject to the relatively
large variations one would expect from such a small number of oitarettee .
In addition to this, these data are subject to the errors of judgment made
by the individual making the separations . More precise data would require
this reason, on'y the more definite changes are pointed out .
data on the L and M are quite comparable to the previous data on this brand .
The products of the American Tobacco Company . Lucky Strike . Pall Maw,
and i]j arad , all show the addition of reconstituted strip to their
blends . The ups of Maryland tobacco in the Pp11 Nall seems to have been
discontinued .
LG 0391648 .
I
- 69 -
I
The blend of the Philip Monk, a product of the Philip Norris
Tobagoo Cam, does not sees to have been changed since the addition of WP
Bra
reconstituted strip prior to January . 1958. The percentage of reconstituted rc
Marc
strip used in the Harlbor4 and Parliament cigarettes is approzima ;ely the Marc
same as reported in October, 1958, which is considerably more than was An .
Jan .
initially reported in January, 19D8 . The use of stem material in Marlboro Jan
Jan
Oct
seems to have been dinoontinued. There also seems to be a decline to the
MIT
use of flue cured tobacco In the Parliament .
Williamson Tobaooo products . Viceroy and Kool, since October, 1958 is the
11
initial use of a small quantity of reconstituted strip .
i.
N.
LG 0391649
.coon . ; e• BArtty • I'IL' 4
- 60 -
ABL A
Date and
Brand Bright Burley Turkish Maryland Latakia Stem Reconstitutsd
B F %to an
ro 87 .5'0 17 .50 7 .50 3 .00 4 .50
March 1953 66 .77 18 .01 8 .12 2 .25 4 .8 5
March 1984 6? .0E 27 .62 8 .26 1 .97 6 .13 warob 1 a
Jan . 1955 67 .03 17 .36 8 .90 2 .35 4 .37 parch 1 9
Jan . 1956 69 .19 16 .61 8 .88 0.88 4 .44 March I s
Jan . 195? 81 .62 19 .86 10 .8? 1 .85 2 .41 3 .59 Jan . 19 !
0 Jan . 3958 58 .56 22 .33 7 .54 2 .85 3 .40 8.32 Jan . 191
Oct . 1958 57 .18 20 .51 8 .71 5 .27 3 .99 4 .34 Jon . 19 1
Nov . 1949 55 .45 19 .6? 17 .6 6 1 .24 2 .73 3 .26 Jan. 19 1
Oct . 19 :
to UICKK 30 . x ! Nov . 9
Ma ch 3 ~ .00
65 30 .00 /9 .00 6 .00
March 1953 54 .25 31 .95 8 .96 4 .85 MD I
March 1954 63 .75 32 .00 11 .20 3 .Ob rb l
Jan . 1955 55 .46 30 .75 9 .75 4 .05 Jan . 19
Jan . 1966 07 .17 21 .26 17 .71 0 .56 3 .51 Jon . 19
Jan . 196? 49.06 31 .74 14 .23 1 .60 3 .37 Jon . is
Jan . 1968 44 .00 36 .29 13 .42 2 .60 3 .69 Jan . IS
001 .1958 45 .31 34 .62 12 .20 2 .90 4 .97 Oct . if
Nov . 1959 44 .61 30.71 15 .63 4 .36 3 .a Now . ii
, 0 CAMEL 10 .r.14 lo
}larch 1962 4b 000 4 9.0 00 3 .00 •
00 -
lurch
March 1953 48 .40 36 .86 6 .96 3 .65 3 .16 1 .10 .Jan . I'
March 1954 48 .95 38.85 8 .00 2 .06 3 .30 3 .86 Jon. 1'
Jan . 1955 49 .10 65 .60 7 .90 2 .60 1 .15 9 .75 Jan . 3
Jan . 1956 49 .83 28 .51 13 .58 0 .81 4 .34 3 .93 Jan . 1
Jan . 1957 45 .05 38 .50 8 .35 1 .24 2 .72 4 .14 Oct . 1
Jan . 1868 38 .46 37 .21 12 .76 2 .32 2 .90 6 .36 1101 .
Oct . 1958 46 .IS 39 .80 5 .88 1 .41 3 .17 3 .56
Nov . 1959 42 .58 36 .34 10 .18 1 .01 ZION
c
r
8160 PALL MALL 39• G/ $jI #? / •o0 4 .s( parch
~S7 3•S/
march 2 55 .00 55 .00 b~.00 4 .00 Marc h
March 1963 54 .06 34 .05 7 .38 4 .55 Jan . 3
March 2934 57 .40 28 .40 12 .25 1 .95 Jan .
Jan . 1955 56 .00 32 .35 8 .90 2 .75 Jan .
Jan . 1956 51 .83 29 .32 14 .39 0 .64 3 .88 Jan .
Jan . 1967 54 .72 31 .47 9 .23 1 .87 3 .01 Oct .
Jan . 1958 42 .58 36 .19 14 :64 3 .05 3 .54
Oct . 1958 46 .4? 37 .2? 10 .94 2 .00 4 .3 2 ftu-
N_ov . 1959 43 .43 32 .31 18 .65 2 .84 2 .77 A4 to KM
rsh
PHILIP MORRIS Maro t
March 1 61 .66 22 .45 11 .06 1 .45 Maro t
March 1953 61 .60 20.00 11 .40 2 .10 Jan .
March 1954 69 .20 21 .50 13 .16 1 .95 Jan .
Jan . 1966 59 .60 19 .90 13 .20 2 .66 Aug .
Jan . 1966 64 .01 13 .82 14 .12 4 .64 Jan .
Jan . 196? 67 .81 23 .20 12 .16 0 .99 2 .68 3 .26 Oct .
Jan . 1958 46.97 22 .13 16 .14 1 .93 2 .22 2 .37 6 .24 Nov .
Oct . 1958 53 .08 21 .72 14 .57 0 .86 1 .36 1 .64 6 .7 ?
Sv . 1969 62 .70 18 .42 18 .46 1 .34 1 .32 1 .19 6 .57
LG 0391650
I
l
- 61 -
TIBLk 9. (Continued )
to and
BranQ : Sr ht burlev 'P kieh Ka land Leta a Stes xtituted W-fe
OLD GOL D Brand
RarcrI 52 51 .58 28 .05 7 .00 7 .30 0.60 5 .60 A6 6o WLI
starch 1983 54 .06 26 .70 7 .36 6 .10 0 .70 5 .10 3a`n .
Karch 1954 51 .10 28 .70 8.05 3 .55 1 .00 ? .60 Jan .
Jan . 1958 57 .20 30 .55 10 .86 3 .65 0 .90 6 .15 Jan .
Jan . 1956 58 .29 20 .12 13 .94 1 .53 0.48 5 .54 Oct .
Jan . 1957 66 .62 84 .61 9 .66 2 .59 0 .19 6 .44 Nov .
Jan . 1958 62 .44 15 .79 12 .27 2 .47 7 .03
Oat . 1958 53 .28 17 .81 11 .16 2 .65 15 .10 PARLI
Nov . 2959 52 .43_2-8 .66 10 .71 1 .46 9 .05 3 .09 Me ro .
Sept .
L AND K Karat
Aar^To T954 49 .60 22 .00 2i .85 2 .25 4 .40 Jan .
Jan . 1965 47 .05 30 .65 17 .7 5 4 .65 Ja n .
Jan . 1958 41 .68 29 .66 21 .06 3 .38 4 .38 Jan .
Jan . 1957 41 .68 31 .11 14 .62 3 .41 9 .38 Jan .
Jan . 1968 34 .49 24 .10 18 .62 4 .98 17 .81 Oct .
Oct . 1968 37492 22 .81 18 .41 3 .83 17 .00 Nov .
Mov. 1969 _ 38 .66 23 .97 18 .2 8 3 .76 18 .M
KIT I
•LO g TOM y4 ak •( - >,/sI TOM t ."
aro 954 42' .76 19 .60 16 .45 2 .1 0 18 .10 Jan .
.Jan . 1985 50.85 16.20 18 .88 2 .10 16.30 Jan .
Jan . 1956 48.27 21 .00 32 .61 18 .22 Oat .
Jan . 298? 44 .43 26 .97 12 .46 0.99 16 .16 Nov .
Jan . 1958 36 .13 26 .21 12 .91 9 .54 22 .81
Oct . 1908 39 .67 •26 .00 14 .35 1 .41 19 .37 KOOL
Nov . 1959 37 . 30 _ 24 .90 16 .80 0 .72 20 . 2 6 more
Jan .
Jan .
W CI 962 55 .90 26 .90 6 .90 2 .30 Jan .
March 1953 49 .60 27 .90 8 .50 5 .30 8 .80 Jan .
March 1954 47 .56 29 .35 10 .36 3 .06 9 .70 Oct .
Jan . 1986 00 .60 34 .06 7 .90 2 .40 5 .00 Nov .
11 Jan . 1956 62 .64 24 .69 10 .00 2 .63 10 .21
Jan . 1957 46 .01 2Y .67 15 .27 1 .97 7 .17 Av 14 SAL
Jan . 1968 51 .72 25 .80 9 .28 2 .55 10 .6 6 an .
Oat . 1958 07 .68 23 .37 6 .62 2 .97 9 .36
Nov . _1959 50 .69 - 23 .64 13 .97 1 .7 4 8 .08 1 .88 Jan .
Jan .
Ault o _[ TT r~yy , yy /0.66 /L / - 7-,f -/ .. .it Oct .
rch 192 .00 33 .00 10 .00 3 .00 1 .00 Nov
Maroh 1953 -
Karch 1964 48 .76 24 .66 20 .00 2 .10 4 .60
Jan . 1956 69 .80 26 .45 10 .06 4 .70
Jan . 1956 67 .86 21 .98 11 .89 0 .66 7 .41
Aug. 1967 61 .84 20.80 7 .82 1 .46 8 .01
Jan . 2968 68 .49 19 .39 13 .47 2 .42 6 .88
Ont . 1968 53 .61 19 .62 14 .14 2 .?? 9 .96 Trace
Nov ._ 1959 54 .90 2P .90 11 .78 0 .44 10 .68
LG 0391651
I
-62 -
TABLE 3 (Continued )
Date and
Brand Bright Burley Turkish Maryland Latakia Stem Reoonstituted
£J oo MABLB 37• g a f~
Jan . 19 6 57 .AS 23 . 11 14
~f . 18 1 .7 Trace Yr.> Y
3 .19
Jan . 195? 57 .63 25 .06 15 .21 Trace 2 .09
Jan . 1958 4A .72 27 .38 14 .19 2 .60 1 .73 b .4 0
Oct . 1958 41 .92 23 .66 20 .41 2 .63 1 .07 10 .31 Brand
Nov . 1959 44 .05 26 .09 15 .01 1 .26 13 .69
Chesterfiel d
PARLI AY. SIT Lucky Strik e
arc 1 5 52 .00 37 .00 8 .00 3 .00 Came l
Sept . 1952 62 .25 26 .65 8 .45 2 .66 Pall Mal l
March 1954 62 .85 15 .95 18 .90 2 .30 Philip Morr i
Jan . 1955 69 .85 21 .65 6 .05 2 .45 Old Gol d
Jan . 1956 65 .84 12 .18 20 .02 1 .95 L and M
Jan . 1957 - - - - Winsto n
Jan . 1958 49 .43 29 .43 10 .?? 1 .02 1 .14 2 .02 6 .19 Viceroy
Oct . 1958 40 .31 29 .00 14 .79 1 .72 1 .53 12 .65 Ken t
Nov . 1959 35 .06 33 .52 15 .87 0 .45 1;81 13 .29 Marlbor o
Parliamen t
HIT PARADE' Hit Pa r ad e
Sat . 1956 45 .96 40 .26 10 .41 3 .37 Kool.
Jan . 1957 46 .01 36 .89 13 .28 0 .65 3 .17 Salem
Jan . 1958 39 .12 42 .23 12 .92 1 .86 3 .87
Oct . 1958 40 .86 40 .31 12 .76 1 .74 4 .33
Nov . 1959 39 .01 37 .44 15 .11 -0 .29 4 .54 4 .62
K00L
March 1964 57 .45 27 .26 6 .90 1 .90 6 .46
Jan . 1955 59 .10 26 .10 6 .90 2 .30 6 .60
Jan . 1956 63 .52 17 .89 8 .23 - 13 .03
Jan . 1957 44 ;86 31 .22 8 .98 2 .09 7 .85
Jan . 1958 50 .99 26 .70 10 .66 3 .27 8 .38
Oct .1968 54 .28 26 .08 6 .93 3 .71 9 .0 0
Nov . 1959 46 .714 _ 25 .52 1j .49 .83 8 .14 1 .23
c.141 -
A`+' 40 ~ . 1956 44.08 21
.88 /8 .6i 26 .00
April 1956 52 .92 16 .32 9 .21 1 .01 20 .54
Jan . 1957 33 .54 36 .25 7 .94 1 .39 21 .88
Jan . 1958 30 .73 38 .02 9 .48 3 .10 18 .6?
Oct .1958 34 .37 35 .02 7 .55 2 .69 20 .37
Nov . 1959 39 .48 27 .04 9 .18 2 .73 21 .57
0 0
LG 0391652
- 63 -
TA1LF. 4
Neconeti-
Brand Bri,cht Nurlgy furkieh Maryland Latakia Stem tute d
Mineton
Salem
Pall Ma:
Luoky 81
Tareyto
lent
Marlbor
Alpin e
LG 0391653
M
A . Qpj
purchased in November, 1960 . Since these data were obtained too late to the pas
include in the regular tables cif this report, they are shown below compared Mr . M .
to data obtained on these brands purchase . in November . 1959 . It was felt the fl u
that it would be of inter .st to insert these data since they indloate some TT
- Brand Date of Purchase Bri .cht BurleY Turkish Maryland CTS Cut Stem
Pall mail Nov . 1969 43 .43 32 .31 18 .65 ---- 2 .77 2 .84 E
Nov . 1960 39 .61 54 .17 15 .00 3 .15 3 .51 4 .67
during
Lucky Strike Nov . 1959 44 .61 30 .71 15 .63 1 .17 3 .52 4 .36
Nov . 1960 46 .08 30 .09 14 .01 2 .74 4 .13 3 .05 infore
Tareyton Nov . 1959 38 .91 36 .46 17 .35 1 .16 2 .49 3 .65 of the
Nov . 1960 41 .02 33 .38 14 .58 2 .34 5 .29 3 .39
e xamit
Kent Nov . 1959 54 .90 22 .20 11 .78 0 .44 ----- 10.88
Nov . 1960 56 .08 20 .22 10 .66 1 .64 2 .76 7 .94 f olla
Marlboro Nov . 1959 44 .05 26 .09 15 .01 1 .28 13 .59 ---- - or itn '
Nov . 1980 37 .25 25 .Pl 13 .68 0 .96 22 .P! ---- -
than
tobac
bod le
from
A v#br
LG 0391654
I.
- 64 -
The number of farms sampled and the number of samples analyted fro m
No . of No . of
Area Farme Sampled Samples An v ed
8 Georgia-Florida 85 328
S . Car .-Border Belt 79 370
71 Eastern North Car . 109 61 0
Middle Belt 66 25 8
Old Belt 71 323
sa w
Total 409 1889
re f
4 By using the available information concerning the climatic conditions
9
during the transplanting, growing, and harvesting s^asone ; the available
of the crop in most areas during the early harvesting season ; subjective
following general evaluations of the crop were made for each belt prior to
tobecoos from the upper plant positions ant the later crops would be heavier gr
bodied, lees mature, and higher in nicotine content than the samples collected he
from the lower plant positions and the earlier crops . It wan reoommended that ws
a very careful selection of the mature well textured tocwocos of the middl e tt
m
0
LG 0391655
Mk
65
The differences between these data and the data shown below on strip and me
samples of comparable grade collected during the entire marketing period tobao o
reflect the trends expected from the more upatalk tobaccos and later crops . medium
latter
Total Amino Reducin g
trade Nitrogen Nitrogen Nicotine Sugars DH WSA physic
The crop in the South Carolina- order 8e1t area was Judged to be mor e
variable than the Georgia-Florida crop . It was thought that a part of the textu
crop would exhibit the more desirable physical characteristics of texture, aiequ
grain, and color . The data on this part of the crop indicated that it was
heavy bodied and quite high in nicotine content . Mother part of the crop
wan Ju .tged to be oulte poor in physical characteristics and the data indicated mor e
this part to be ewashed out,' heavy bodied, and very low in nicotine content . tionE
A third portion of the crop was produced from Coker 316, a variety which
LG 0391656
- Eu -
make up .
In view of the fact that come of the second pricings were not quite as
that the mature well textured tobaccos from above t' .e first and seoor A
varied types . Approxinately one-third of the crop was made up of light bodied,
low nieotinr content tobaccos o: a pale milky white color which were void o :
typical tobacco aroma . A part of the crop was . made up of yellow to yellowish
orange tobaccos which the obtzinal data indicated to be light to metliuw bodied
and medium in nicotine content . Another portion of the crop was made up of
tobaccos with a darker orange color which she chemical data indioatid to be
medium to heavy bodied and medium to high in nicotine content . Within the
latter two general types, the more nature crops tended to exhibit 1prod
physical characteristics . Within the three general types, the orop u
moisture exhibited chalky, grey, and green colors along the midribs and
lateral veins of the leaf, and a ocnsiderable amount of sponging on the leaf .
In view of these data and the effort being made by thw Leaf Department
1 . Purchases of the pale colored tobaccos be made from the mature well
3 . The mature, well textured, light to medium bodied tobaccos Pros the
more desirable tobacco types be purchased to the extent that marketing condi-
LG 0391657
I
- 67-
higher in niootine oontent than any of the previous belts . The obamical
data also emphasited the iutattrity of the first, second, slid in some
lnst•.noes the third primings . It was pointed out that a relatively high
Pero-, '•-a of the crop exhibited very poor physical characteristics and that
0 nicotine content.
3 . Purchases of the pale colored tobaccos be made from the mature well ho
desirable for use in cigarettes than tte tobaccos in all the earlier belts,
it was recommended that purchases in this area be limited to the minimum
characteristics .
C
LG 0391658
-68-
indio s
B . mgt
and tb
All of the available information on the 1960 crop of Burly tobacco
were s
indicated that the tobacco in any specific marketing area would be quite
character than the tobacco on the previously mentioned groups of markets, but
The data indicated that the tobaccos in the central and southeastern
markets, were judged to be more desiraole for use in cigarettes than the
LG 0391659
- 6N -
tobaccos of any other area . The tobaccos in Southoentral Tennessee
to this crop .
The data on the samples from Eastern Tennessee indicated that with the
exception of a few specific markets, the tobaccos in this area were generally Nor
Can
medium bodied, medium in nicotine content and fairly mature . These data did Las
!%QD
indicate that the tobaccos in the Boone-West Jeff arson area were loss mature,
and that the tobaccos in the Abingdon, Pennington Gap sod Gate City area
The upsetting factor concerning the evaluation of this crop from the
sampled received was that approximately sixty percent of the farms sampled
were from the first seventeen percent of the crop transplanted . In vier of
this, the data on the individual farms were regrouped according to when the
data on the crop could be effected . These data indioated that the later
crops which were very lightly sampled were considerably less mature in
received from the later crops in Northern lentuoky also seemed to be heavier
0
bodied, and the later crop in Northern Kentucky and Central Tennessee were
considerably higher in nicotine content than the earlier crops . The body
and maturity of the early and late crops in Central Kentucky were essentially
the same but the nicotine Content of the later crops were somewhat lower .
The estimated strip data, oaloulateu'flom the data on the leaf samples
received, are shown in the tollowina table by the four geographical areas .
ut
in
LG 0391660
Total Nitrate Mino Pet .
Area Nitroien Nitr!Uen Nitroxen Nicotine Ether NVA V5A n H
Northern kentuok7 4 .32 0.47 0 .517 4 .14 7 .64 29 .96 2 .59 6 .19
Central Eontuok7 4 .35 0 .49 0 .487 3 .50 7 .30 27 .90 2 .27 6 .33
Eastern Tennessee 4 .17 0 .4 5 0 .470 3 .61 6 .98 26 .74 2 .14 6 .47
Cantrai 4enneseee 4 .51 0 .491 3 .56 7 .*~~Pri^°=°'~~~ 1
LG 0391661
2
- 71-
5TOACD 1'0 0 I
these
A . flue Cure d
adeque
Flue cured tobacco striy from the 1960 crop was sampled in each of
were e
the stemmeries of the company in such a manner that the samples would be 2
The go
representative of our purchases in each type and grade over the entire period
the be
of marketing operations . Opening dates of the belts were closer tha n
1960 C
normal this year and the preaarketing program did not permit weekly chemical
analyses of the strip samples for the leaf Department as was done durin g
the 1959 crop .
The data on the 1960 crop shown in the following sables indicate that grade
our purchases from this crop are heavier bodied, less mature and higher in light
niootine content than our purchases of the previous two years . shown
The data in Table 2 . showing the overage analyses of flue cured strip the g
for the 1964 through 1960 crops by belts, show that our purchases mad e
in pastern Worth Carolina are the only 1960 purchases made that would be Type
Judged to be more desirable for use in ci, ;arettes than purchases from Geni i
comparable belts in 1959 . These data show that our purchases in the Oeorgia-
Florida and the youth Carolina-Border Belt areas particularly, are heavier schee
bodied, lass mature and higher in nicotine content than our purchases from Conte
these areas of the previous two years . prey,
The data in Table 3, showing the average analyses of flue cured strip and I
for the 1954 through 1960 crops by grades, show that . with one exception, indi
each grads purchased would be Judged to be less desirable for use in cig-
arettes than purchases mode in comparable grades in 1969 . The tobaccos alth
purchased from this crop in grade 814 would be judged to be slightly better sale
than rurohases made in the same grades in 1959 . avai
The data in Table 4, showing the average analyses of flue cured strip that
of the 1960 crop by belts and grades, express the same general levels of the
body, maturity and nicotine content as shown in the previous data . ava !
LG 0391662
- 72 -
It should be pointed out that in consideration of the crop from which
these purchases were made and the amount of tobacco needed to maintain
were selected from the better crops of the more desirable types of tobacco .
m
The general evaluations of the crop as determined by premarketing each of
the belts have been discussed in another section of this report on the
1956
B . Burl s
1988
The data in Tables 5 and 8 show that our purchases in a full range of
195?
grades from the 1959 burley crop were made up of well matured tobaccos of
1954
light to medium body and low to sodium nicotine content . The differences
2989
shown in Table 4 between the *straight, two-side and heavy* grades express
1960
the general plant positions from which these grades were purchased .
The data in Table 7 show that the purchases made in the Tennessee
Type were only slightly lighter bodied, more mature and lower in nicotine
content of the 1958 and 1959 burley crops was low compared to the years
previous to 1958 . The average nicotine content of these two crops was 1 .99
and 9 .87 percent respectively and the nicotine content of the highest
The presarket surveys made on the 1958 and 1959 crops indicate that
although very little tobacco of high nicotine content could have been
selected from the 1958 crop, they would probably have been more readily
that the nicotine content of the 1960 burley crop should be higher than in
the past two years and that high nicotine tobaccos should be readily
LG 0391663
Q
- 73-
LW i
Average Analyses of Plus Cured Strips by Crops
Total
Reduo- Acid s Crop Ar'
0 Total Protein Amino MOO- Pet . ing oo .N/I0
Crgp Nitrogen Nitrogen N1jEo.en tine L4jr Sugars Alka, JBA oN 1964 Os
0.80 0 .239 2 .79 8 .24 17 .06 13 .19 3 .69 6 .13
S.
1964 2,13 2.
Ni
1966 2 .19 0 .92 0.247 1 .96 7 .60 14 .64 12 .37 3 .57 5 .20 01
9 .27 7 .01 16 .66
1956 8 .18 0 .88 0 .230 12 .23 3 .79 5 .12 IRS Gf
8.
1957 2 .64 0 .95 0.260 3 .95 7 .31 13 .76 14 .64 4 .60 5 .08 s.
1958 1 .93 0 .83 0.234 1 .93 6 .45 17 .16 14 .18 3 .61 5 .24
x1
1959 9 .05 0 .89 0 .230 2 .25 6 .49 15 .99 14 .12 3 .63 6 .2
2
S
19600 2 .14 0 .261 2 .45 16 .44 3 .38 5 .87 t
'1aooeplete
LG 0391664
29" &
Analyses of Flue Cured Strips 1ES4-1980 Crops oy Area s
Total
Total Reduo- Aoids
Nitro- Protein Amino Nioo- Pet . 1ng oo .N/10
Cron Area Ben Nitro en Nitro .cen tine Ether 3uaars -A3k . W5A B
o
1954 Georgia 2 .12 0 .82 0 .2?1 2 .44 8 .20 15 .66 13 .74 3 .68 6 .14
Si Carolina 1 .99 0 .76 0 .220 2 .65 8 .34 18 .05 12 .26 3 .67 6 .12
E .N . Carnilne 1 .98 0 .78 0 .201 2 .53 7 .91 20 .23 11 . :54 3 .50 5 .16
Middle Belt 2 .29 0.82 0 .26 0 3 .13 8 .47 15 .68 14 .63 3 .89 5 .1 3
Old Solt 26 0 6 98
AVERAGE P ; 13 1191- 1 18,
1133-1
S9 S Georgia 1 .96 0.224
0.83 t . 90 79 18 .19 13 . 131E
8 . Carolina 2 .09 0 .89
0 .241 1 .77 7 .60 13 .99 12 .20 3 .62 6 .12
L .N . Carolina 2 .01 0 .88
0 .226 1 .56 7,48 16 .25 10 .75 3 .60 5 .12
Middle Belt 2 .39 1 .01
0 .284 2 .02 7 .43 11 .40 U .113 3 .74 8 .19
Old Belt 2 .44 7 lop 2&12 7 7 3 .R 1 .3
FAWMAGE, 0~, 0
16 Georgia 1 .96 .63 6 .228 1 .77 5 15 .41 11 .70 3 .39 0 .32
S . Carolina 2 .02 0 .81 0 .20? 2 .28 7 .56 17 .04 10 .82 3 .64 5 .14
Z .N . Carolina 2 .07 0 .84 0 .206 2 .16 8 .47 17 .29 11 .99 3 .83 5 .06
Middle Belt 2 .33 0 .94 0 .239 2 .44 6 .80 16 .81 13 .21 3 .94 5 .06
2 7 7 7
Old Belt 2i9#
57 0eorgia 2 .2Q .
0 .97 0 .248
I E 7 a-18Hall iffid 1-21
0 . 89 0 .283 2 .74 7 .44 4 .r 14 .56 3 .59 5 .32
S . Carolina 2 .63 0.80 0 .291 3 .72 7 .43 13 .37 14 .04 4 .57 5 .06
Z .X . Carolina 2 .67 0 .92 0 .279 4 .19 7 .73 13 .35 13 .63 4 .77 6 .02
Middle Bel t 9 .74 0 .99 0 .261 4 .33 7 .31 14 .46 14 .76 4 .76 5 .11
Old Belt 270 4 15 6 82 15 73 14 84 4 ~U e
AVERAGE 7 7 :60 1 .14
oeordia 1 . O. 0 .83 1. 6 1 +S .9 3 .24 5 .41
S . Carolina 1 .83 0 .60 0 .220 1 .52 6 .06 18 .21 13 .80 3 .12 6 .31
1: .N . Carolina 1i86 0178 0 .214 1 .63 6 .22 18 .44 13 .52 3 .68 5 .09
Middle Belt 2 .06 0 .88 0 .269 2 .21 6 .92 18 .31 14 .45 3 .66 6 .16
Old Bol t e. O 3 b 4 17
5 :93 5 : 034
. 93 0T0 19 2
Georgia 1 .81 0 . Q . 00 1 .70 6 ;04 0 .17 1 :5 .8 3 .30 5 .24
S . Carolina 1 .96 0 .82 0 .218 2 .23 6 .44 18 .18 14 .08 3 .45 5 .26
E .N . Carolina 2 .23 0 .97 0 .247 2 .48 6 .66 13 .88 13 .81 4 .01 5 .12
Middle Belt 2 .24 0.99 0 .247 2 .38 6 .72 12 .96 14 .86 3 .63 6 .31
Old Bel t 0 53 26 67 no
AVERAGE e.69 0~ 0 .230 2,E8 27 - MR 01 ;fti 91;
P60•Qeordla 2 .08 0 .251 2.31 16 .9 3 .28 5 .33
S . Carolina 2 .13 0 .253 2 .50 16 .55 3 .35 8 .28
F .N . Carolina 2 .07 0 .243 2 .05 18 .68 3 .41 6 .23
Middle Belt 2 ..31 0 .267 2 .59 14 .09 5 .49 5 .28
Old Belt 0,275 4 S
AVL► AO 2 .!4 0 .2§ 5 1 6 .44 3 .38 7
•1non pleto
LG 0391666
73 -
Total
Reduc - Acid s
Total. Prot9 in Amino Nico- Pet . ing oc .N/10 QL2
rep Grade Nitro4en Nltro .con Uitro A_Pfl tinA tither Su,;are Alk . --W,%% -PH
5 .14 195E
1954 D 1 .93 0 .75 C .199 2 .61 7 .72 20 .58 12 .89 3 .62 5 .16
6 .12
5 .16 a N 2 .00 0 .-7 0 .205 2 .39 7 .9? 19 . .55 12 .78 3 .64 5 .1 4
5 .13 SM 2 .14 0 .79 0 .2 .32 d .88 0 .24 17 .53 le .k3 3 .71 5 .12
5 SP 2 .18 0 .83 , O .G60 2 .88 8 .51 15 .16 13 .72 3 .68 3 .1 4
Ca 2,.. .887 Q.289 2.91 8 .82 12 .76 13 .85 7 U
PVE.RAOE -22 . U 0 .60 13 .1y .6 5.
6 .19 1955 N 0 .83 0.214
6 .18 2 .15 2 .65 ? .'L3 16 .50 14 .84 3 .6 6 N O
5 .12 SM 1 .99 0 .85 0 .215 1 .81 7 .28 17 .44 11 .71 3 .44 5 .1 8
SP 2 .11 0 .92 0 .244 1 .80 7 .50 14 .5.4 11 .66 3 .44 5 .20
8 .19 Ca 1 .84 7 .66
2 .2? 0 .99 0 .274 12 .04 12 .02 3 .47 5 .2 2
SN2 2 .12 0 .86 0 .230 2 08 7 .37 15 .77 11 .90 3 .76 5 .1 4
SP, 2 .26 0 .92 0 .286 2 .09 7 .74 13 .62 12 .00 3 .72 5 .1 8
5 .38 C,F 3 .24 0 .5_9 0,2 83 _ 2 13 7 .78 11 .08 12 .66 3 .8 Q 5,1 8
3 .14
5 .06 AVE 2 .19 - 0 .91 0,247 2 .06 7 .51 14 .54 3. 5
5 .06 5R N .04 O .A1 0 .181 2 .36 6 .7 1c 0 13 . .0
SM 1 .92 0 .82 0 .186 1 .97 6 .62 19 .25 11 .85 3 .48 5 .1 5
SP 2 .07 0 .67 0 .214 2 .00 6 .83 17 .68 11 .90 3 .63 5 .1 3
C. 2 .75 0 .95 0 .255 2 .08 7 .18 14 .80 12 .44 5 .64 5 .1 2
5 .32
6 .06 Na 2 .10 0 .80 0 .208 2 .53 6 .97 18 .53 11 .96 3 .95 5 .1 4
1 5 .02 SM, 2 .23 0 .86 0 .222 2 .48 8 .95 17 .38 11-PO 3 .93 5 .1 1
3 5 .11 SP, 2 .34 0 .91 0 .244 2 .49 7 .17 15 .96 12 .46 4 .08 5 .08
C,F 2 .49 0 .96 0 .288 2 .81 7 .38 13 .11 13 .10 4 .10 5 .1 3
6
C,xx 1 .0- 0,26 2,C7 6, 82 12,61 12 .90-- .5,?4-_5 .03
AVERAGE 2.18 0 .60 2,0= 2 .27 7 .01 16 , 8 23 - 79 6, i s
l 6 .4
5 .31 457 9P 2 .33 0 .90 0 . 24 3 .18 7 .85 12 .62 14 .8 1
2
Ca 2 .77 1 .04 0 . :513 3 .96 7 .40 11 .58 14 .28 4 .20 5 .1 3
8 5 .09
6 No 2 .39 0 .86 0 .219 3 .89 7 .14 17 .69 13 .61 4 .40 5 .1 1
3 .30 SM, 2 .54 0 .90 0 .248 4 .01 7 .20 15 .90 14 .x2 4 .81 5 .09
SP, 2 .85 0 .93 0 . V171 4 .10 7 .35 14 .29 14 .40 4 .62 5 .1 0
5....2
24 C,F 2 .A6 03 0 .267 4 .2 7 .19 11 .27 15 .48 4 .94 5 .02
5 5 . 26 AVY}tAGE 2 .5 0. 5 0 3 . 6 _7 .31 14 ..42 4 .60 5 .09
5:58 SM 1 .86 0.80 0 .214 1 .92 6 .32 15: .41 13 . 6 3 3 .57 2 9
)1 5 .12
t3 5 .31
SF 1 .93 0 .83 0 .231 1 .97 6 .48 1'/ . 4? 14 . 08 3 . 54 5 . 1 9
Ca 2 .02 0 .86 0 .263 2 .06 6 .65 15 .42 14 .43 3 .59 5 .2 0
1 SNP 1 .77 0 .76 0 228 1 .39 5 .75 18 .50 14 .58 3 .44 5 .18
SPP 1 .87 0 .79 0 .245 1 50 6 .25 15 .77 15 .20 3 .08 5 . :5 5
8 33
C,P 1 9 ._ 0 .8; ci.~69 6 .29 _J 2G ' 6 .27% 3.,Q1_ 5 ,
35 5 . 28 AVE}tAOE ` - . 6,45 17 . 16 ___ ~4~8 3 151 5-.f
4• 6 .23 t
495 28
f 7
!'1
la
LG 0391666
78 -
1AbI .E 31 (continued )
Total
Reduo- Aoid e Sc
Total Protei n Amino Nioo- Pet, tog 00 .8110 CI
Groo rage Nitrogen Nitrogen Nitrogen tine Ether Sutare - Alk . MSA PH
1959 SMP 1 .81 0 .76 0 .224 1 .7 1 5 .91 18 .35 16 .04 3 .26 5 .2C
16 SPP 1 .89 0 .79 0 .251 1 .73 5 .99 17 .16 16 .64 3 .30 6 .21 0
14 C,P 2 .01 0 .88 0 .261 1 .87 6 .34 14 .95 15 .63 3 .28 6 .26
12 D 1 .91 0 .82 0 .189 2 .2 0 6 .39 20 .24 13 .25 3 .66 5 .21
14 N 1 .90 0 .84 0 .191 2 .0 8 6 .26 20,11 13 .44 3 .65 5 .23
1. SM 1 .95 0 .87 0 .206 2 .16 8 .32 18 .63 13 .69 3 .60 5 .21
SP 2 .06 0 .89 0 .229 2 .17 6 .31' 16 .10 14,00 3 .83 5 .22
27 C, 2 .18 0 .96 0 .258 2 .2 1 8 55 12 .66 14 .68 3 .66 6 .26
18 3Mo 2 .26 0 .94 0 .240 2 .9 6 8 .9E 15 .?0 13 .58 4 .10 5 .19 I
20 SP, 2 .21 0 .94 0 .234 2 .63 6 .77 16 .63 13 .26 3 .85 6 .2C C
22 Car 70 6 .94 „~ c6 _~Q .34 3
014 GE 9 14
18 0U SKY 1 .93 0. 69 -9,06 - - 16.97 3 .29 5 .3C
oaPP 2 .06 0 .287 2 .09 14 .06 2 .96 6 .33
Cap 2 .14 0.301' £ .20 11 .89 2 .89 6 .42
0 D 1 .98 0 .209 2 .32 19 .62 3 .36 5 .26
15 N 2. 08 0.218 2 .25 18 .68 3 .38 5 .27
.13 SM 2 .05 0 .236 2 .31 18 .83 3 .39 5 .28
.12 8? 2 .14 0 .258 2 .4 0 14 .80 3 .33 5 .29
.14 C. 2 .41 0 .268 2 .39 12 .40 3 .25 5 .32
.11 am* 2 .19 0 .229 2 .72 17 .46 3 .66 5 .23
.~ 9 SF, 2 .31 0 .257 2 .78 14 .47 3 .60 5 .1 4
44 Ca l P,~¢1 0 .283 2 .78 11 .77 3 .65 6 .
,03 AVERAGE
*Incomplete
07
13 LAMA 1
11 C ed at!-'APO of the 196 0
09 Incomplete chemical Analys re of brig Cu
.1 0
Total Amino R uoing
Area Grade Nitrogen Nltro.t n Nigotine Sg .care WSA an
.2 9 1 .95 0 .242 2 .06 16 .57 3 .50 6 .31
OeorNia 3KP
.1 9 0 .888 2 .1 2 13 .98 2 .14 5 .36
.20
Up e .04
Cap 2 .18 0 .306 2 .1 8 12 .05 2 .80 6 .44
.18 D 1 .93 0 .204 2 .09 29.36 3 .24 5 .30
N 1 .96 0 .203 2 .1 4 19 .04 3 .42 6 .29
SM 2 .00 0 .2.18 2 .2 6 17 .22 3 .34 5 .33
88 2 .07 0 .260 2 .29 16 .65 3 .22 6 .32
Ca 2 .19 0 .271 2 .36 16 .16 3 .06 6 .33
81te 9 .18 0 .230 2 .62 17 .16 3 .67 6 .30
spa 2 .29 0 .268 2 .69 15 .83 3 .37 6 .32
Cap 2 70 2 .6 .1 1 .44 6 37
AVk1JAOE .O 0 .25 2 .131 15 . 3.?a
LG 0391667
8996£0 01
ell
29 .9
04 .9
ec•c
39'9
8i~,c IF i a-6?8T
94 .9 41•'' 92•at
Z4 4
3 8 -60W'6-
68•3 Cea•o
Cr$
61 •z
8'3O zlv-
a ds 63'9
09 .9
31 .9 01'4 81 .91 ta•a 913 .0 6a•a 'KS 11 .9
91'9 it•C 0C•6 1413 88210 31 .3 a0 99'9
0 11 .9 We 33 .81 016'3 LLi.'O 8a•& as 14 . 9
9C•s t1 1 c 1e•4t 19 .3 993 .0 gala K6
CC'9 LC'C 13 .91 cola 893 .0 91 a N
99•s T2 *2 96 .41 181 .2 TWO - 90•Z-_ (1 - 1 1 .8 to
ZD -0 _'89$ a'0
r1 1. LO ► ► +° 0 33' 9 97 . 2
61'9 86 .2 rs .1t 66 .2 t~~z•o zs z tdS ta• 9 09
6119 &•e CC•Lt 29 .2 f.26 O 6t' 2 22 .9 09'2
CS•9 We 01'9t X1 . a 493,• ' n3'a 18'9 99 .9
02'9 gale 0VVTL 6C' a 693 .0 It•3 93'9 83•
93 .9 84 .2 BT•LT 4C•a 13z•o c0 .3 13'0 0e
93'9 eve t0'6t WE tt'L•0 IO•a 03-9 93• j
1a .a 91 .2 92'03 81 .2 661 .0 86 .1 a
81 .9 98'3 96 .0t 81 .3 1'02'0 91 .3 d 110
14 . 9 Tile 09'Ct ua•a 686 .0 60 .3 ddb sUTto .z+ 0
60 96' 9C 191 Ct'3 LLa•0 T61 1 .K9 ano8
H3` -y i Z* 1n au 61St uo oa ~►p-Ua ooJ N *. so
9uTonpag OUTW 16101
(DonuT3uo0) V van
I.
1
- 8-
TA8LE
Average Analyses of Hurley Strips by Crop s
Total lolde
ORM 0o Ny /1O Al 1/8~ ., -
1964 80 3 .74 0 .42 0 .361 3 .46 6 .6? 28 .21 2 .66' 6 .96
BL 3 .85 0.49 0 .385 3 .51 8 .88 26 .00 E :60 8 .90
BD 3.95 0 .51 0 .406 3 .6 9 6 .90 68 .51 it .84 8 .87
CC 3 .83 0 .46 0.406 3 .46 6 .63 26 .25 8 .43' 6 .0 1
B0 3 .59 0 .52 0 .266 2 .73 6 .05 27 ;98 1 .83 0 .26
Me 3 .69 0 .50 0 .284 2 .87 6 .17 28 .62 1 .88 6 .28
BRAS 3 .48 0.47 0 .265 2 .61 6 .36 28 .24 . . 60 6 .26
I!i-
cc , 0 0 .23 8
23 A-M Eft j,~j
0
8L
I
3 .75 0 .58
.4.30
0 .456 3 .14 6 .87
.1 a
f.7 .51
3~
2 .80
V 6+R
.91
BD 4 .07 0 .38 0 .373 4 .04 6 .83 27 .40 3 .08 8 .65
OC 3 .97 0 .26 0 .644 3 .02 6 .86 24 .21 3 .26 5 .65
CCX 4 .59 0.28 0 .753 3 .58 6 .61 25 .07 5 .78 5 .53
Sri 4 .1 8 0 .20 0 .719 2 .8 0 6 .22 22 .33 3 .19 6 .5 6
Br1X 0 .839 3 .19 6 .28 _28,02 3 .83 6 .43
AVPAat: .5 6 3 8
0 .42 .41 i .
0 .440 3 .39 6 .29 28 .78
0 .655 .5 .44 8 .30 27 .41
0.624 3 .20 6 .18 25 .46
0 .530 2 .66 5 .56 23 .93
0 .701 3 .83 6 .63 26 .71
0 .746 3 .51 5 .56 26 .4 5
5 Q4 . .+ 7
7 .612 3 .33 85 - M : JL, too 6 . 81
LG 0391669
I .
(continued)
LG 0391670
I
:!M
of the I
itdividi
this tit
beets be
of Saab
proourec
reports
the blo-
b pent
thts is
LG 0391671
r
- 81
Ali ANALY_I Q T SOII_O OF NICOTINE IN Tilt 0 3T FUM AND L •
ES SLUDED b-9 NAIWH 118 _
in the Chesterfield and L and K blends were sampled on March 29, 1980 by
5. 0
b types, classes . Drops ant grades .
used in the two brands and the grouping of these 4ta by grades, classic,
types and crop years facilitates locating the source of the nicotine i n
the blends which will contribute more readily toward any adjustments deairad
in the total nicotine content of the brand . These data, need in eonjunotiea
with the annual strip data, also permit the prior determination of the
crop years or by the addition of certain grades upon the depletion of others .
:he data in the following tables show that the total nlootine conten t
of the two brands, determined by the sum of the nicotine oontsni .of the
this time . This is probably due to sampling errors made by sampling hogs-
heads being blended at the particular time . The average nicotine content
procured during the purchasing periods and reported in the annual strip
the blends, however, and our loot of any data on them, necessitate at least
this is requested .
C1
LG 0391672
ON
0
1
1 am
r4
- 02r ..
UT
" 1
{
Non-BtOOtine Containing WUtery4a ver 106 Pou nd of 81EM hi
i
uaJarlsl Pounds Aonlted Panda Soli4
1"-L A
Bright 66 48 .22
Burley 80 17082
Maryland 4 3 .45 0
Turkish ib 12 .91
•a . 0*206 . 6 4 .30
B .S .L . 8 4 .30
Ca 9
imm A
Itootine Contribution for Uosponents of CLeeterfiel d
m
0
LG 0391673
I
a
n .
84
LAW 4
LG 0391674
:'f
- 86 - .
TABLE A (Continued)
LA" a
Average Nicotine Content and wontributton to Nicotine Content o f
No . I Strip (March 29, 1960) by Grads and Areas
-
Nicotine
Percent Percent contribution
Grade OR . S.C . _ £310 tl Ntootine of Strip lost s
LG 0391675
Average Nicotine 'ontent and (oatribution to Nicotine Content of
No 1 Sit rip (March 29 . 190301 by Crop Year_ a
Percent ercent Nicotine 0ontri ution A`
$hdg Crop of strip- Nicotine to Stri p
TABLE ?
LG 0391676
.A )
?ABLE 6
Niootine
Percen t Percen t Contribution
I Grade libde . of strip
7 .143
Kiootlne to Strip _ -
BO 3 3 .69 .2636?
BOO 2 4 .?62 2 .66 .12667
BL 6 14 .288 3 .42 .48868
BLa 4 9 .624 3 .08 .29333
BD 8 19 .047 3 .29 .62664
SDO 3 7 .143 2 .88 .2057 2
is 9 21 .428 8 .26 .6986 6
cc
00e 3 7 .143 3 .06 .21714
, a* Cox 2 4.762 4 .32 .20572
Btl 1 2.381 2 .76 .0664 6
itioa
B7'X 1 --- 2 .381 3 .29 .07805
L
1
S TABL2 2
09
67
09
38
47
LG 0391677
U3 0
- 87 -
8. LAND 1[
TABLE I
TABLE 2
Bright 35 30 .22
Burley 26 21 .6 9
Turd s h 20 17 .217
C .T .B . 20 17 .2 7
B.B .L . 5 4 .3 2
10 .8 9
; S 11 ? 1 -
0
TABLL 3
LG 0391678,
LG 0391679
- 89-
LA" A
f
oo . 2CStript(MarchCont yt*QtiD OAveragNio
29,11960)nby Crop Years Content o
diootine
Peroent Peroent Contribution
of Strip Nicotine to Stria_ _
Hl41 .
4 .01 . 064
3 1953 7 .143
4 .762 3 .45 . 26489
11 .905 2 .48
2 1965
69 .047 2 .99 26064 50
29 1956 4 .23 .3021
3 1957 7 . ].43 kim
E
TAL6 7
gos onent )ton to th e
Average Niaotin• Con Cieento of . o go SO stripaM
Wst s 2 on t 1900
Niootine O-WO
looti M
„portio n
Niootine Contributio n
of island
z 10 Peroent to nien4 -
HhAe . Gran. QX!9 C144!
1967 Lox . .60606 3 .62 .21533
2 BO .30305 2 .7 8 . 08424
1 BL 1956 Lax . 3 .97 .12 0
SL 1956 Tenn . .24884 8
1 . 60606 4 .10
.07939
2 .30303 2 .62
195 8 Lox . 3 .34 . 10121
1
BI.
1956 Tenn . .30303 . 22364
BD .60606 3 .69
2 OD 1967 Tenn .
.30603 2 .17
1 BD 1968 Lem . 3 .93 .2381 8
2 an 1966 4 .21 .22758
Lsnn . .30306
1 BDZG 1986 . 30306 3 .24 8
1 cc 1966 Las . 3 .42
CC 1966 Tenn . .30303 .3336 4
1 . 90909 3 .67
3 cc% 1956 Los . 3.62 .1097 0
1956 'toM . .23454
I
2
CCY.
CCx 1987 Lox- . 608
05 3 . 67
.17212
60600 2 .84
en 1966 Lax . 3 . 01 .0912 1
2 (.30303
1 Bpi 1966 Tenn . 4 .06 . 23606
i 2 IV5S Los. .60605 . 36364
Bi1X 90909 4 .00
1bution
3 BT13L 1956 Tenn .
.30303 2 .98 . 0905 0
1 BF 1966 Dealers 2 .2 4 . 0676 8
09 "x- .30303
1 By 1967 5 75 . 11 !~
820 1957 Tenn, .303-03 .3, OKOOO
I j'
168
.67 0 33
332
11332
w
0
LG 0391880
0
- 90 -
Nicotine
Percen t Percen t Contributio n
Grade Nhds of Stria Nicotine to Stein
3 L= I
4
C. Average Nicotine Content and Contribution to Nicotine Oontent of
a No . 30 Strip (March 29, 1960) by Crop rear* 0
9 1 1
se t
14 Percent Percent Ocatribution
Ebda . of Stria Giootine to stri p
LB
58 1955 5 15 .1516 4 .02 .60909
V 1956 16 48 .4848 3 .46 1.67273 l
54 1957 10 30 .3030 3 .63 1 .10000
64 3968 2 6 .0606 8 .39 .14484
70
44
;1 2
.2 1
306
5A 4
1I )
768
366 6
LG 0391681
4
0
0
91
have been using waleio hydrazine for sucker control . The principal supplier
per
of the chemical is the Naugatuck Chewiual Division of the United States
8.
Rubber Company . Naugatuck, Connecticut, and is sold under the `redo name
Sou
MR--30 . Since the treatment practice results in residues of the material
fat
being left in or on the cured leaf, its presence and amount may be determined
009
by chemical analysis . Such analyses have been wade to determine : (a) The
sli
extent to which KH-30 was used on farms in 1960 in the various flue-cured and
Mal
0 Burley tobacco growing areas ; (b) The content of malelo hydrazide in tobacco
tb
strip purchased in the various areas during 1960 ; (o) and the content of
as
saleio hydrazine residue in comeroial cigarettes purchased during 1960 .
Novell (J . of Apia . and To" ohm . ift, 671 (1908)) which was found capable
foregoing procedure which was mor- rapid and therefore permitted a larde r
of farms using MN-30 this year . One sample from each of the firms sampled
was analyzed for aalsio hydraside by the modified procedure . Of the flue-
oured samples, the uppermost priming was taken for analysis . Of the Burley C
The results for the flue-cured crop are presented in Table I whic h
0 j 0
LG 0391682
T
- 92 -
shoe's the number of fame sampled, the number of positive tests, and the
percent of farms using N8-30 in the respective area . The results for the
S . C . -Border Area are further broken down between the farms located in
South Carolina and those located in North Carolina . The highest percent of
farms using MR-30 (58 percent) occurred in the border area of N . C . and was
comparable to that in Osorgia (52 percent) . Use in the Middle Belt was
wu about the saws and appreciably lower (17 - 22 percent) . Calculated for
the total flue-cured area . the results indicate 33 .6 percent of the fares
V1
used MH-30 .
it may
ZMA I
caleio
tut Bt WZM It Farms I& E 3 -C ured Areas during OM
will at
Parse- Positive Percent of Farm s
parches
Georgia 86 44 52 present
S. 0 . 45 s Ti
Border 1Q $
78 It puroba
Middle 63 28 44 are eo t
Old 1 jg 17 pureha
Tota l
Area 406 136 33 . 5 weekly
Results for the Burley area are shown in Table 11 . Use by fares in T
Central Kentucky 'Ad Central Tennessee was similar (12 and 14 percent, areas .
respectively) . Only R piroent of the fame in Northern Kentucky were users . analyt
None of the farms in ,astern Tennessee were found to have used MR-30 . For somple
the total area, the results indicate only 8 percent of tb . fares were users .
Use of MR-30 in the Burley area appears to be much less than in the flue- gradet
This
probe
LG 0391683
P
9
J .-
- 93- 1
pp'' r
Z
it may be expected that the tobacco purobssed during the year will contain
nsleic hydratide residues . Analyses are being made to obtain data which
will show the level of maleio hydraside in flue-cured strip from the 1960
purchases . The study is not yet complete but results obtained thus far are
are composites of all stemmery samples for the particular grade and area of
0
purchase for the week during which the leaf was stemmed . The results for the
The results are complete for only the Georgia and S . 0 . -border belt
analyzed . Less than one-third of the Middle and Old Belt samples are
. for oompl'ted .
e users . The results show that maleio hydraside residues are present in all
f lue- grades of strip from all areas of the 1960 flas-cured crop . Within an area,
This can be explained by the fact that, in some of the oases, the primings
probably were removed from the plant before the MH-30 was applied .
LG 0391684
{
0
W
- 94 - "! M
might be expected that these differ*toes are related to the percent o f
data are that if 1{R-30 is used, our purchases will contain maleio lydrasid e
brat
residues, and if more farms are treated, the maleio hydroxide content of the
for
strip will be higher .
of P
TABI UL
Malgio 0xdraside (2,2JO 30 }M -Cured 3tr n auto
ARE A
Oradde Geor aia8C-Border Elias Middle' Olde root
D 48 39 24 42
N 56 29 26 51
Sit 46 36 26 37
EMs 43 34 19 13 6
ON-P 41 20 4 --
SP 34 27 Be (27)
Bps 3d 29 20 (17)
SP-P 2') 12 4
Ce 39 21 16 (16)
Ca-P 14 29 5 --
0,-? 91- AD U U2-
Average 38 27 17 (30 )
Study approximately three-fourths complete
Study less than one-third complet e
Waldo Srdratide JA C serciel Cigarette s
It may be concluded from the previous studies that it is only a matte r
at what level . The results premit comparison of our cigarettes with other
Two brands of cigarettes, one * filter and the other non-filter, from
each of the six leading cigarette companies were analysed for malefic
LG 0391685
0
''4 Y4:
July 26 bubo and JULY 87 Hooky Mount purchases for this year . The two
purohases were analysed separately giving two results for each brand . The
brands are quite similar as are, in ■ ost oases, the levels in the two brands
for the same company . Liggett and Myers' cigarettes are lowest while those
• • Winston 10 9
8
• • Kent 12 11
10
• • Yloer c' 13 14
15
LG 0391686
I
• {w
1
0 -(Middle)
-- 8, C . - borde r
10 23 31 40
LG 0391387
tl
I
- 96 -
ARSENIC 7
o1%ar /
A review of the arsenic content of certain brands of cigarettes an d
the a ]
determinations made on a number of the crops sampled for premaiketing
thos e
purposes indicate that the use of this material as an insecticide continue s
sbowl
to decline .
of t h
Table 1 shows a comparison of the arsenic content of six brands of 0
in 1 9
oisarettes purchased in Boston, Mass . by the Ar :aur D . Little Corp . i n
one p
1953 and kept in cold storage by that firm until 1950 .
Cont e
TABU
Pero t
01 DA Arsenio Content (DOE) rhe a
Chesterfield 44 .61
Lucky Strike 35 .86
Came 40.47
Old Gold 41 .56
Philip Morris 46 .3 5
Pall hall 38.68
brands of cigarettes purchased over ■ six months period in the last half
of 1956 . thsss determinations were made after Dr . Hobbs pointed out that
TA 2
Chesterfield 19 .2
L and M 22 . 7
Luoi~ Strike 7 .7
Camel 14 .0
Philip Morris 1b.7
Old Gold 14 .2
Viceroy 4 .9
some adjustments in the Chesterfield blend which lowered the arsenic content
to 9 .86 ppe .
LG 0391688
.. .'.w
{ UWW I
- 97-
sbowin, the avers,;* arsenic content of 12 randomly selected crops from each
of the flue cured belts in 1959 and 48 crops from the burley growing area 0
in 1958 and again in 1959 . The individual crop data show that approximately
one percent of the flue cured crops may be as high as 10 ppm in arsenic
Un
content . The individual burley crop data dhow that approximately three
eithe r
percent of the crops were treated with arsenate of lead as an insecticide .
referen
These treated crops had arsenic contents as high as 80 ppm .
tobacco
TABLE 31
contiou
rang' Avenge Arsenio Content in pp e
February, 1940 June . 1960 oigar,t
Chesterfield 3 .40 3 .85 it
Lucky Strike 2 .33 3 .6 3
Camel 2 .45 2 .66
4 .38 arsenal
Philip Norris 2 .64
Gld Gold 3 .59 2 .7 E unfaw o:
9ano 7 .68 7 .9 0
]Cool 3 .63 2 .05 drin,
Viceroy 3 .62 1 .93
L and K 4 .73 2 .3 0 amount .
Cent 6 .65 2 .6 6
Winston 4 .65 6 .37 Pure r
0 Parliament 7 .07 5 .4 4
Toreyrton 2 .66 3 .20 have p
Mrrlboro 6 .77 2 .93
Sales 5 .15 6 .61 to the
Hit Parade 4 .07 2 .35
Raleigh 2 .38 2 .25 is tre
Pall mail 2 .68 2 .86
Newport 2 .47 4 .1 0 detect
Oasis 3 .65 2 .80
Alpine 4 .33 2 .633 in thf
Spring 2 16 3 .30
Life 2 .38 3 .38
a cant
use o f
tobee
oosbu
aide s
LG 0391689
- 98 -
TABLE 4
arsenate of lead for use on tobacco have not received a great amount of
unfavorable publicity . The two more widely used insecticides . TDS and
amount .anplied, have very low tolerance levels on products covered by the
Pure Food and Drug Act . Guthrie and bowery of North Carolina-State College
have published data showing that significant amounts of TCY are transferred
to the mein stream smoke of cigarettes . their data also show tat Bndrin
is transferred to the main stream smoke but In amounts which are not easily
detected . Significant amounts of TDE have been isolated from oi ;srette smoke
in this laboratory .
combustion products of th, tobacco . At this time a number of the now insecti-
cides show some promise but only one of them has been made commercially ovailef
t
LG 0391690
I
- 99-
TOBACCO VA1U TY AND CULTURAL PRACTI STUDU 5
by the flue cured growers . This company has also forced plant breeders
in the state research organizations to compete with their higi yielding
i lines in the development of new varieties which would be acceptable to
t
both the growers and the industry . We were extended an invitation by this
e,vpany several years ago to work with then in their tobacco program but
tobacco, we now feel that we should work with this company in generally c
the same manner that we work with the various state organisations .
they have released in recent years and encourage them to develop more
will begin evaluating advanced flue cured lines of tobacco from this
,cti-
company with the 1961 crop .
,ailati
LG 0391691
SAIrC?r~•
R,-
100-
has been the advancement of a few lines which have resistance to root-
One of these lines, which seams to be capable of competing with other lines
in more yield, is being considered for release before the 1961 season .
acre yield and acre value as any of the commercially available varieties .
Its value per 100 pounis, sometimes used as a quality index, was comparable
to all of the higher ranking varieties except Hiaks . Its quality index
rating Indicated that the cured leaf is average in quality . In the Coopera-
of this line placed it slightly below NC 76, Hicks and NO 8038-3 but
of significant value to the growers and at the same time reduce a practice
19
which tends to lower the quality of tobacco . by using such a resistant
15
variety, the growers would eliminate the necessity of using soil fumigants
seed
to effectively lower nematode populations in the soil . The monetary
0
savings to the farmer which could be realized by eliminating the need of
have been made to formulate tobacco fertilizers which would compensate for
would have more promise of improving the quality of flue cured tobacco .
LG 0391692
mm1
9
0
i
- 101-
We have, through our cooperative work with the various state agencies,
kept fairly well informed on experimental work being conducted other than
brt,ht tobacco . This process which is now a commercial reality has the
This State College group has been working for years on ways of curing
bright tobacco other than the conventional method now used . Each year we
have had the assistance of one or more of the leaf Department supervisors
in comparing the tobaccos cured by the various new methods with tobaccos
barn, constructed with steel, insulated air-tight, and equipped with a hot
air furnace and fans . In curing the air is forced up through tightly
would give closer control of the curing and drying conditio•,e throughout
packed tobacco veilhing from 100 to 120 pounds each replace the use of
sticks and the necessity of having 'bander .' and 'stringers' to attach the
leaves to the sticks . Two son can stand on the barn floor and place the
LG 0391693
M
0
- We -
The barn is such smaller in site since only one-sixth of the space
amount of tobacco . Since the been is made of metal and the furnace is in
a separate compartment outside the barn, fire hazards are sharply reduced .
The post of these bulk curing units, however, are considerably higher
than conventional barns . The units are being offered in two sites at prices
of approximately $3400 for the smaller unit and $4100 for the larger one .
They have the capacity to handle comparable or only slightly larder amounts
of tobacco and the amount of fuel and time used to cure a barn of tobacc o
■ snt costs are so such higher than conventional barns and the maintenance
units, Allegheny Building Units, Inc . The first of these units was in-
stalled by a tobacco grower during the 1960 season and it has been speculate d
growers in 1961 .
The tobacco cured in these units sees to be flat, pressed, lading
that in addition to the value this, variety will have to the burley growers
LG 0391694
0
s :'1. . ..
P
- 103 -
be pointed out that there has been some reluctance by the Kentucky
able to the growers . The feeling there, which has considerable merit ,
th
is that the availability of black shank resistant lines would permit the
a growers to discontinue the cultural practices now used to control the
line and used it in some of their breeding work, but since its release by
the seed company they have been debating releasing it officially so that
they may got credit for its existenos . The merits of this variety are
certainly debatable .
t
I The release of these two varieties, Blue Star 100 and 21 Special,
C
marks what seems to be the entry of privately owned seed onmpanies into
I
I the release of burley varieties of tobacco . Although one or two of the
1
LG 0399695
a
- 104 -
privately owned seed companies have worked with the Kentucky Agricultural
experiment station for a number of years, they have not marketed seed
1-
from varieties other than those released by the state agency prior to W,
this year . a
i
There are two cultural practices gaining popularity with the burley t
a
growers which may effect the quality of burley tobacco in the future . t
These are the priming of burley tobacco and curing with heat . Tests con-
duotsd over a number of years on the priming of burley tobacco have rather
Although this practice has been used rather extensively in West Virginia,
the growers in Kentucky have shown little enthusiasm for the practice .
The demand for burley tobacco in recent years, however, and the limited
production which has forced the price of the lower grades to levels
approaching the better grades, has probably made this practice more
3
enticing to the growers . We presented a paper on this subject in 1956
f
before the Tobacco Workers' Conference on two years data and in 1958 before
pointed out the undesirable effects on the chemical make-up of not only
the prim,d leaves but also on the leaves remaining on the stalk which were
al
stalk out .
the grower . but the practice by the growers of using the heating units to
the extent that the relative humidity I . kept at a minimum throughout the
IV
LG 0391696
- lc& -
widespread use of maisio hydraaide for the control of sucker growth, are
they tend to increase acre yields or to remove some of the less desirable
LG 0391697
t
0
1-3
m
• 106 -
both the growers and the processor of the tobaccos after purchase from the
than
growers contribute to the comparatively lower quality of grade AA-1 of the
woos
domestic types .
norms
The growers tend to harvest their crops too infrequently and include
some
in each of the primings over-ripe tobaccos, tobaccos of optimum maturity,
tobac
and immature tobaccos . The over-ripe tobaccos, when cured, are generally
duri n
dead, trashy, brown in color, and lacking in aroma . the immature tobaccos
do not respond as well to curing, retain their green color, and usually
Turki
exhibit an undesirable off-type aroma .
Samsu
The processor of the growers product does not grade these tobaccos to
and I
the extent necessary to permit the more desirable tobaccos Included in the
data
mixture to be properly evaluated . The dead, trashy tobaccos and the green,
the a
immature tobaccos quits frequently make up the larger proportion of Grade
befoi
the
LG 0391698
w
- 10'7 -
The tobaccos of the Samsun type were Judged to be somewhat less desirable
than the 1958 crop . The better quality tobaccos of this type exhibited a
fairly good, delicate arooza . The large proportion of the over-ripe, dead,
trashy totacoos and the green, immature tobaccos, however, were either voi d
The overall quality of the tobaccos of the Smyrna Ui= were Judged to
be rather poor with respect to the body, texture, color and aroma, but of
than in previous years . This tips was poorly graded and contained an
the
excessive amount of the green and the dead tobaccos but much lose trash than
normal . This type exhibited a generally low volume of a fair aroma with
some sharp pungency expected from unaded tobaccos . It was felt that the
during aging and were held in storage for subsequent observation and sampling .
Turkish blending room on July 20 and 21, 1960 . These tobaccos were of the
Samsun, Smyrna, Cavalla and Xanthi types . The samples of both the lomestio
, to
and imported tobaccos were subjected to certain chemical analyses and the
the
data are shown by types in Tables 1 and 2 . Table 3 shows a comparison of
-esn ,
the average data by types for the domestic and imported types .
ads
Thv comparisons of the domestic and imported tobaccos indicate that
the major difference between them to In the maturity the tobaccos attained
before harvest . the domestic tobaccos are considerably lass mature then
LG 0391699
17
0 W
.. 108- 0
than normal and the only Imported type higher in nicotine content than
The hi, ;ber total nitrogen content of the domestic types is probably
more a reflection of the higher content of alpha-amino nitrogen than heavier
body . The water soluble said contents of the domestic Cavalla and Samsun
types, in conjunction with the other data world actually Indicate that these
P
ih than
.t h
;he
31y
sampling .
the
f the
gesti c
the
n of
mined
han
LG 0391700
s i F F' ' • • pr
q
n A • • S. w o
V 4 ••1 1 r
• r •
• h
0
0
109 -
TA 90 . 1
Ca;IiICAL A, 11 8 ANOMA' TO8A000S Mg 2X728 AND GRADES-- 1959 CRO P
Total Nit . Pr
y ot . fao lisduo ,
Semple Nit- Nit- lilt- lit- Mioo- Pet. log Total Ala .
No, roaen rogen rage rogen 0% i t Suter Suers Starch NVA _ WSA itt . H
C.9771 2 .61 0.01 1 .08 0.397 1 .26 6 .93 6 .1? 6 .72 6 .21 16 .78 3 .74 23 .94 5 .09
C-9772 2 .52 0 .02 1 .09 0.406 1 .6? 7 .06 4 .85 6 .26 4 .65 17 .00 3 .61 22 .98 6 .22
C-9773 2 .59 0 .00 1 .09 0 .399 1 .51 7 .31 4 .63 4 .94 4 .86 16 .67 3 .69 22 .72 6 .28
C-9774 2 .79 0.04 1 .06 0 .456 1 .60 7 .01 3 .76 3 .81 4 .60 17 .83 -3 .90 29 .77 5 .22
C-9775 2 .68 0 .01 1 .21 0 .434 1 .38 7 .48 4 .32 4 .61 4 .84 17 .62 3 .69 22 . 68 5 .1 8
C-9776 2 .68 0 .00 1 .28 0 .430 1 .66 7 .04 5 .76 6 .09 4 .34 17 .62 3 .88 24 .44 5 .0 8
C-0777 2 .74 0 .03 1 .23 0 .440 1 .71 7 .22 5 .34 5 .48 4 .81 17 .62 3 .76 23,45 5 .2 5
C-9778 2 .56 0 .01 1 .21 0 .408 1 .36 7 .24 6 .72 6 .05 5 .12 15 .31 3 .66 23 .94 6 .2 5
C-9799 2 .72 0 .03 1 .23 0 .467 1 .40 7 .43 4 .73 4 .96 4 .92 16 .85 3 .88 22.62 6 .11
C-9780 2 .59 0 .08 1 .15 0 .425 1 .61 7 .20 5 .03 6 .23 4 .84 17 .15 3 .83 23 .74 6 .224
C-9781 2 .67 0.05 1 .17 0.458 1 .51 7 .13 5.01 6 .63 4.64 17 .36 4 .0? 23.90 5 .1 6
C-97 .92 2 .70 0 .01 1 .19 0 .460 1 .68 7 .08 6 .71 6 .17 4 .53 17 .19 4 .09 23 .72 5 .22
C-9783 2 .68 0 .11 1 .13 0 .479 1 .48 6 .76 5 .76 6 .23 4 .90 17 .52 3 .96 24 .26 5 .12
C-9?P4 2 .70 0 .08 1 .13 0 .486 3 .34 6. 6 .68 6. 9 4 .32 17 .27 5 .83_ 26.31 5 .02 '
4 .76 1
C-9785 2 .71 0 .07 1 .16 0.444 1 .24 7 .33 7 .27 7 .66 5 .62 17 .13 3 .48 27 .36 6 .08
C-9786 2 .42 0.01 1 .12 0 .385 1 .02 7 .01 9 .71 10 .40 5 .43 16 .29 3 .43 29 .42 5 .02
C-978'7 2 .4? 0 .08 1 .43 0 .340 1 .02 6 .82 8.72 9 .41 6 .12 15 .06 3 .75 28 .14 6 .14
C-9?8P 2 .46 0 .00 1 .41 0 .346 0 .94 6 .50 9 .70 10 .27 6 .35 16 .65 3 .92 29 .27 6 .18
C-9789 2 .55 0 .01 1 .48 0.368 0 .97 6 .92 8 .63 9,33 6 .12 16 .13 3 .77 28 .47 6 .05
C-9790 2 .66 0 .01 1 .47 0.421 1 .07 6 .90 7 .47 8 .08 5 .44 16 .15 3 .89 27 .97 5 .01
C-9791 2 .49 0.01 1 .24 0.388 1 .16 6 .36 11 .40 11 .51 6 .18 15 .93 3 .82 30.33 6 .02
C -9792 2 .69 0.01 1 .48 0.433 1 .16 6 .68 9 .03 9 .40 5.11 16 .69 4 .08 29 .82 4 .91 .
C-9793 2 .40 0 .01 1 .17 0 .353 1 .04 6 .94 10.40 1C . t? 9,11 16 .02 3 .75 31 .17 4 .88
C-9794 2 .66 0 .02 1. 0 .411 1. 9 6 .90 9 .40 9 .98 6 .37 6 .63 4 .02 Z .63 5
A?5 1
C-9795 2 .94 0.01 1 .27 0.696 1 .21 7,24 2 .88 3 .39 6 .41 18 .46 3 .39 21 .97 5 .3 1
C-9796 3 .07 0 .01 1 .18 0.620 1 .25 6 .98 2 .63 2 .96 3 .90 18 .24 3 .49 24 .96 5 .12
C-9797 3 .19 0 .01 1 .24 0 .610 1 .13 7 .06 2 .28 2 .41 4 .04 18 .76 3 .68 22 .62 6,29
C-9798 3 .02 0 .01 1 .07 0 .676 1 .27 7 .49 2 .36 2 .84 4 .03 18 .99 3 .71 22 .31 6 .42
0-9799 3 .29 0 .00 1 .08 0.694 1 .41 7 .71 2 .27 2 .73 3 .69 18 .72 3 .74 23 .53 5 .38
C-9800 3 .28 0.02 1 .11 0.846 1 .10 7 .06 2 .09 2 .50 3 .87 28.91 3 .48 23.92 5 .37
C-9801 3 .20 0.03 1 .0 0 .623 1 .53 14 2 .89 3 .28 3 .94 19 .30 3 .57 23 .74 6 .41
AVERAGE 3 .14 0 .01 1 .15 0 .638 1 .27 9 .24 2 .49 2 .87 4 .27 16 .77 3 .68 23 01 633
0
- 110-
T LE M.,,,,8
CHEMICAL ANALY2tS OF IMPOaTdD TUNCIBH TO$ACQOS BY TYPE
o tT` l Nit . Prot . amino rieAua-
SamDle Nit- Nit- Nit- Nit- Nieo- Pet . ing Tota l Ala .
No . ro n rogen rocen r n %I M -Enher 8u sre 8u .tarm Starch NVA N8A Ext . DR
GRADE 3-3 SAM 1 :00 And 1 C P8
0-9822 2 .49 e .CE 1 .06 0 .288 1 .00 12 .44 5 .41 16 .77 5 .17 33 .70 4 .9 0
C-5823 2 .73 0.03 1 .13 0.360 0.89 3 .81 9 .18 10.05 4 .82 18 .04 0 .z3 31 .30 4 . vu
C-9824 2 .66 0 .06 1 .06 0.325 1 .08 4 .62 10 .17 11 .27 4 .72 18 .42 4 .48 33 .78 4 .97
C-9825 2 .89 0 .02 1 .06 0.347 0 .9b 4 .34 9.96 10.87 4 .97 15 .66 5 .36 33 .53 4 .92
C-9826 2 .77 0 .02 1 .20 0.301 1 .40 4 .98 7 .87 8 .70 4 .19 17 .32 4 .64 32 .80 6 .01
C-982? 2 .45 0 .01 1 .08 0.260 1 .22 4 .48 9 .53 10.33 4 .33 18 .86 4.32 33.96 5 .1 6
C-902 8 2 .24 0.01 1 .14 0 .217 1 .13 4 .81 10 .92 12 .01 4 .92 18 .81 4 .28 33 .42 6 .0 8
-9829 2 .09 0109 1 .01 0.196 1 .00 4 .99 11 .33 12 .2? 6 .10 19.76 4 .18 33 .48 6 .01
C .9P30 2 .34 0 .0: 0.82 0.243 0 .99 6 .60 9 .68 10 .53 4 .86 18 .24 4 .31 32 .01 5 .05 0
0 C-983 1 2 .28 0 .01 1 .06 0.180 0 .7 4 .4? 31 .89 12 .76 5 . 3 19 ..'x7
1g 4. 3a . 2a 6 .03
~YF.i1A0 . .46 A rob 0o .z7u 62- 4. 4. 65 a3 . ]z 5 .0 1
M P1
2 .35 0 .02 1 .21 0-.W9 1 .14 .4 .8 .25 6 .68 16 .19 3 .52 29 .68
C-90 .1 .3 2 .25 0 .01 1 .15 0.187 0.91 6 .84 11 .07 11 .53 5 .73 18 .34 3 .69 30 .86 5.0
2
C-3834 2 .40 0 .02 1 .19 C .243 0 .86 6 .83 9 .13 9 .78 4 .68 19 .43 3 .75 29 .12 6 .18
C-9033 2 .32 0 .01 1 .15 0 .218 0.84 6 .88 10.83 11 .02 5 .57 18 .73 3 .61 30 . 14 4 .99
C-9?,36 1 .95 0 .01 1 .11 0 .106 0 .65 4 .74 12 .88 14 .16 6 .92 18 .61 3 .22 33 .77 5 .27
C-9037 2 .99 0 .04 1 .14 0 .132 0 .74 5 .21 12 .41 13 .24 8 .88 18 .65 3 .31 33 .72 5 .12
C-9838 2 .40 0 .01 1 .24 0 .207 1 .06 8 .12 9 .69 10 .82 6 .75 19 .80 3 .70 31 .61 5 .06
C-9A39 2 .28 0.01 1 .12 0 .183 0.94 5 .90 10.94 11 .46 6 .57 19 . 51 3 .41 33 .19 5 . 12
C-384 0 2 .02 0 .01 1 .10 0 .173 0.71 4 .97 13 .69 13 .94 6 .64 16 .67 3 .36 34 .68 6 .13
C-994 1 2 .20 0 .01 1 .21 _ 0.190 0.83 6.37 11 .37 13.64 6 .27 18 . 02 3 .24 34 .64 5 .10
ME
ORADE
2 .62 0 .03 0 .99 0.3i01 .31 --Y .- 3 .03 3 .71 18 .20 4 .37 29 .71 6 .01
C-9843 2 .38 0 .01 0 .99 0.216 1 .19 6 .10 11 .33 4 .39 18.62 4 .40 32 .92 5 .01
C-9844 2 .21 0 .00 0 .92 0 .268 1 .18 6 .36 11 .49 4 .94 18 .78 4 .35 33 .32 4 .99
C-9845 2 .62 0 .00 1 .05 0.277 1 .81 6 .06 9 .30 4 .12 16.48 '4 .48 32 .62 4 .99
C-9846 2 .62 0.01 1 .12 0.206 1 .6 1 6 .67 8 .88 10.2? 4 .66 17 .93 4 .42 33 .61 6 .11
C-9847 2 .51 0 .01 1 .21 0 .200 1 .74 6 .44 9 .60 11 .25 4 .93 17 .96 4 .32 33 .76 5 .08
C-9848 2 .53 0.02 1 .10 0.259 1 .87 6 .88 8 .32 9 .40 4 .36 18.89 4 .45 31 .22 5 .0 8
C-9849 2 .82 0 .05 1 .16 0 .269 2 .40 7 .62 6.64 7 .19 3 .69 18 .97 4 .21 31 .63 6 .21
C-9850 2 .72 0 .01 1 .22 0 .274 9 .06 6 .98 9.66 10.91 3 .88 22 .65 4 .26 31 .34 6,16
C-9851 2 .71 0 .00 1-~24 0.2.88 . 2 .46 7 .24 6.76 8 .29 3 .55 18 .85 4 .22 31 .335 .
- 111 -
las M $ (Cont .)
I
A• 0
- 111 -
T
- X10 ?~ (Cont . )
TABIL NC . S
COVPA5IS0N OF THE AVERAGE CHEMICAL DATA IMPORTED AND DCN£9T10 AROMATIC T0B5CC0915( ?VC
S
Total Nit . trot . Ami n Beduo-
Type and Nit- Nit- Nit- N1%- Nt ao- Pet . ing Total Alo .
Grad . rogen roam rogen rocen tine Ether Sumere, .6u aara Starch NVA NSA Ext . - PH
C A' AV TA
L T Ft
Teoorted 2 .54 0 .01 1 .10 0 .258 1 .76 6 .72 8 .72 9 .86 4 .20 18 .51 4 .36 32 .14 5 .06
ioaeettc AA- 1 3 .14 0 .01 1 .16 0 .638 1 .27 7 .24 2 .49 2 .87 4 .27 18 .77 3 .68 23 .01 6 .33
SMYRNA TYPE
Taported 2 .22 0 .02 1 .16 0 .182 0 .87 6 .59 11 .14 11 .98 5 .96 18 .60 3 .48 32 .12 6 .1 3
Domestic AA- 1 2 .65 0 .02 1 .33 0 .388 1.09 6 .84 9 .16 9 .64 5 .89 16 .16 3 .79 29 .16 6 .04
SASH TYPE
Imported 2 .46 0 .03 1 .05 0 .272 1 .04 4 .62 10 .14 11 .12 4 .85 18 .17 4 .65 33 .12 5 .01
Domestic AA- 1 2 .66 0 .06 1 .16 0 .439 1 .60 7 .11 5 .17 5 .56 4 .75 17 .11 3 .83 23 .6? 6 .17 '
XAMTHI TYPE
.l Imported 2 .23 0.01 1 .09 0 .206 1 .18 5 .36 11 .46 13 .48 6 .90 lb . 22 4 .33 38 .21 4 .96.
0
LG 0391704
- 112 -
I . IiIT11Tr _ ~0DUG112
program : (1) Nicotine reduction plant . (2) Nicotine recovery, (3) Develop-
174
ment of quality control instruments for measurements of burn spots from
drop-off ash, soft spots, and filling power, (4) Study of the oellulose
tinuing study of the effect of casing type and mode of application on the
variables on gas pressure drop through packed beds of tobacco and through
I
olprettes, and (9) Improvements in 0T8 and better controls in the 078
manufacturing process .
and the importance of making a decision on the use of the nicotine reduction
process, only the projects on nicotine reduction and recovery have bee n
outlined in detail for this conference . A rev pages at the end of this
report will simply list the other projects and give, where possible, the
major conclusions or present status of the work .
LG 0391705
~-I'' .,r )• :
i n
- 1 13 •
the nicotine reduction plant was completed and that preliminary tests had 0
indi :ated that the plant would give the nicotine reduction expected . Tests
had also indicated that some mechanical changes were desirable . These
included : (1) More •dequats baffling of air within the dryer, (2) More
adequate fastening of the pan to the floor to prevent buckling, (3) Installa-
humidities, (4) Relocation of wet and dry bulbs for more accurate readings .
and (b) Some changes in the discharge end of the dryer to prevent loss of
fines .
All of tine above changes have now been made and the plant is ready for
212OF to 200°F and increased available humidities from db% to 80% . The
discharge end of the dryer has been equipped with a hopper and worm to
sins . June, a large number of runs on the reduction plant have been
made to test out its performance, evaluate the economics of the process,
about 200,000 lbs . of tobacco which hat been slowly added to the L and 9
blend from time to time . The following conclusions were drawn from these
testa : (1) The same correlation may be used on the pilot plant data is was
used on the laboratory data . The two curves are displaced from each other,
however, by the difference between batch and continuous operation . The
plant gives somewhat higher nicotine reductions for the some operating
conditions than the batch laboratory dryer . The correlation of plant data
LG 0391706
,CORRELATION OF DATA .TAKEN ON .`NId 11M E
REDUCTION OF NICOTINE IN AGED '8URLEY`j$TRIP r-1 11"
T
14' ~
f a
80
20
I0
0 I
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 to 18 20 22 24
LG 0-391707
9 t' .x1ME_ MINUTE S
Na• INITIAL NICOTINE CONTENT . % 8.0:, TOBACCO
K s FINAL. NICOTINE CONTENT, % B . A ,TOBACCO '
•s'RELATIVE' HUMIDITY %/100 ~ ;•~~ ;'
.10r14CTION OF RELA'~(VE 'TtllYfO1TY°'•i,- } *' ~"
' .D• s ; PICTITIOOS AVERAGE PARTICLE DIAMETER, ASSUMED' .11
AL • GAS'-VISCOSITY, LB :/FT/Mil
t
f 'G = • GAS MASS FLOW RATE, Ld /FT3MIN .'.~ t . _' f x
°AaAMMONIA PARTIAL PRESSURE(MTEGRATED•AVERAGE)!Mi ; .
• VAPOR PRESSURE OF NICOTINE, MM . "'`
. .W * LB .'TOO A000 /FT2 BELT AREA
.C ''RECYCLE RATI O
k s CONSTANT, 1 . 5
14 I' 18 20 22. 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
LG 0391708
0
Gi
- 114 -
using two shifts per day, five days per week . This required a teed rat e 0.
a hopper . and a feed belt . The leaf tobacco goes through a rotary valve ti
which maintains a gas seal . The tobacco discharges through a rotary valve a.
at the discharge end of the dryer and is caught on a moving belt which ff
feeds a pricing cylinder located on the south end of the Cobb building . p
The dryer is maintained at about 1 b inches water pressure below
atmospheric beneath the dryer belt and about 0 .6 inches water pressure
LG 0391709
Y~V
r r~rV1~r~~
-116-
should take into account the variables affecting the nicotine reduction,
the cost factors involved in the process, the relationship between the
Los- i
operation of the reduction plant end the blending department, and the ease
out that the Percent reduction is the primary dependent vrrtable to which
all of the independent variables are related : The final nicotine content
an of the tobacco attained for a given set of operating conditions will depend
'lie on the starting nicotine content in the tobacco . For example, if one
tided starts with tobacco containing 4% nicotine and reduces it 50%, one will
content of only 1 .5% . this elementary foot Is pointed out merely to indicate
that from the viewpoint of plant operation, it is far more desirable, when
aim at a constant final nicotine level for each grade . If one tries to
fulfill the latter condition, each grade must be analyzed for nicotine
LG 0391710
i
I
From the parameter plotted on the absotasa in Figure 1, it is evident
parser
that the following primary variables affect nicotine reduction : (a) Ammonia
niooti
concentration in the gas, (b) tins humidity . (3) Time the tobacco is in the
graph
treating cone, (d) Belt loading ; i .e ., pounds of tobacco per square foot of
requil
belt area (bed depth), (e) Recycle ratio ; i .e ., the volume of ps reoiroulated
parcel
in the dryer per volume of gas withdrawn, (f) Gas temper. • .s+ . and if) Oss
quick :
velocity or mass rate of flow of gas through the tobacco bed .
through the bed one must go inside the dryer and change the intake gate D . OR
setting on each of the many recirculating fans . The dryer must then be
rebalanced for air distribution and pressure . The recycle ratio can be of ni
changed, but than the dryer must as re-balanced . Each one of the exhaust aamwn
fans must be rs-adjusted . Changing the relative humidity also upsets the 0 be us
dryer balance since tblsobanges the recycle ratio . Changing the dry bulb oft t
temperature also requires readjustment of recycle ratio . Any of the above
of altering reduction because the aeration time must also be shortened, and
cone
tb,re to danger of ammonia carry-over into the product .
As w
prof
are
LG 0391711
n
- l .7 -
Figure 2 is the graph designed for use by the operator to alter the
out
percent reduction at will . The upper part of this graph is a plot of percent
monla
nicotine reduction versus ratio controller setting . The lower part of this
the
graph is for use with no ammonia (where reductions or less than 28% are
t of
required) and shows the dryer belt speeds needed to give the indicated
-oulated
percent reductions . with the use of this curve, the operator can very
Oes
quickly •dial• the desired reduction .
?tgure 1 shows the effect of belt loading . ►'iaure D above a plot bf percent
ammonia suet be used, and control of dryer belt speed when no ammonia need
be considered more practical to set the plant for a given percent reduction .
LG 0391712
OPERATING CONTROLS
pi
80 -ELI' k . . )N•~ . _ . ° Lb:1-T 2
NH3 C,-' :CENTk;. i# : - U
HECrC_E RA! .J C13%6,3
R, :NS 8,I'4 b'S
70 1
dal :00
. .,*~
atrution
areAla - ""
i :by ou$Lie~ '
Notioa . THIS
t:Nta.A$, It
t eie a' hi T .W N MIN "F "
Lt to tbsr.tof
t
PELT LOAC'NG s. 9o TO L23 L8VFT2 f
reduction . RECYCLE RATlu :85 TO 681
RUPJ . E,6,7.9 .a1 6
to about
Perotsd, serious
the coapony .
"rated at a
TREATING TIME . M'M 1TES RATIO CONTROLLER SETTING
,ate factors
LG 0391713
Fig. 3
LG 0391714
'V'iv •s4~. :yfi f l4 1`~~ t•+ A~ {~ Y• R 'R .• ''7~ ,L •' ~ `t t ~M . t t .
LG 0391715
. :1v'x yll~ .~
of 0 .2 03 0.4
0
*Y.
I M
Fee :are which signticaatly affect the cost of operation are as toilarsi
(1) Plant capacity or number of shifts used per day, (2) steal consumption,
required is about one hour . On one eight hour shift, this repra :ente 12 .5%
of the working day. If two shifts are used, it represents only 6 .25% of j•'
the total time . One* the total amount of tobacco to be treated per yea r
desired .
cost to the company is less . but the company receives such leas nicotin e
LG 0391717
0
LG 0391718
Fig 6
ILLUSTRATING THE EFFECT OF PLANT THROUGHPUT AND
RECYCLE RATIO ON PRODUCT COST
AND NICOTINE REDUCTION
LG 0391719
M 0 0
0
+~1i3 :.`` •r~Lua~1.i:L/1v!~a.'~44"L"5/t'
CO
M
determines not only the plant operating conditions but also the plant
capacity . (2) once the above decision is ands, it then becomes a "aloe a s
of the Barley in the cigarette can be treated at any given level of redaction xx
keeping the total percent Barley in tbs blend constant, (o) The persent barley
in the blend can be increased, at the expense of bright and Turkish tobaooo,
LG 0391720
0
MIN
nicotine consent grades of Burley in the alga ettebleod can as treated and
sized with untreated, lower niootine content Burley grades . This method doe s
not sees economically feuible because it scans low plant, snow apssi
operation with the blending department ; sit . as least for the present, Sit 4a
dth
felt that this would We rtekp . ?be entire cigarette sanufaoturing opesatioo :
pert
woold h . tied to the satisfactory operation of one dryer unless a ver7 :i rge :,,;
backlog of treated hogshead was maintained . This method would atse require . .
very precise and c reful scheduling of grades being treated .
or
In arQer to help answer sane of the questions I Shalt to W160- OesOerniagN Z
the effee w of treatment and blend composition on cost to :tbs QQe i .~at . `i • ;.~: ."~
reasonably . couplets and detailed economic study has been sate . Became* of
the large namber of variables involved, the study is very oesplsz . An
attempt bas oven made to reduce the proola to ita,fo 's and present the
I
L and N Blend Reduced in Bicotine to Variou s
~e4 Levels by Keeping the Total Burley
Content Coaetan.t and Treating Only
A Portion of the Total Burley .
57 In We case, the filling power of the L and A blend remains constant
since' the percent Burley in the cigarette is unchanged, and the reduction
process does not affect the filling power of the Burl .ay . The question to be
LG 0391721
4 .1 . 4f.
It
ew•• ry
e
9
0
177
nicotine or to ii sos's soonosioal to= treat a lards `fraction of -tba$at
to _
Barley and reduce this iraotion lose in niootine to'obtain the s e M -nicotine .
reduction.ln the finished oidarette? e
As previously iodicated, there are two costs involved : The cost per
pound or Burley treated and the total cost {jp the ocspany . rigors
Indicates the eftso .! of treatment on the cost per pound of product if 100, y
76%, 60% and 25% of the Burley in the L and K is treated at various levehsof
niootiae reduction (abscissa) . The dotted lines are lines of constant atootLN.
level in the finished cigarette .
An example of the use of this chart . is as follows : If it is d.,ired to
!educe the niootins content at the L and K to 1 .80, one Mast operate along
the dottt±Q .Iliao labii .t 1 .80 . , If all of the Burley to to be treats ; follor
51
the 1 .80 dotted 1164, to curve (4) where it is seen to intersect U w .carve . a t
reduction. (bottM_use) . Asalliu8 . Ctrs left-head ordinate at the polar o f
0
intoe~ieotian one flu", cat thi ooss :of treatment is 3 .8 oent/lb . ;•Ourri (4)
rs nests 13sillioalbe . per year of 'Barley treated at a rate of 3470 lbs ./)
using two= shpt operation . If one wishes to obtain this ease nicotin e
red ction (1 .80%) in the L and K by treating 75% of the Burley (Mixing It with
86% untreated Burley), the 1.80 dotted line is followed to our" (2) . It
the treatment of only 8 .76 Billion lbs . per year at a feed rate of 2800
lbs ./br . Each point on the graph has oven calculated for tae most economical
operating conditions . The graph shows that the cost per pound of tobacco
treated increases rapidly as the total mount of Burley treated becomes less .
Plaure $ shows the cost to the oospsny per year for Case I in whic h
the total Hurley in the L and K is maintained constant and various percentages
I 0
of the total Burley are treated . The graph is re`'t in the same manner as the
previous one : If the desired niootine level in the L and K is 1 ., and It•
is desired to treat all of the Burley, the dotted liae lab .led 1 .80 i s
LG 0391722
ECONOMIC ANALYSI S
75 MILLION LOS . / YR .
2,600 LBS ./HR .
2SHIFTS 75% BURLE Y
c (' I TREATED "6 .50 MILLION LBS . /YR .
3,715 LOS ./NR . I
50% BURLEY TREATED
3 .25 MILLION LBS ./YR .
1,855 LBS . /HR . } I SHIFT j .-
25% BURLEY TREATE D
IS .
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
CASE I : TOTAL BURLEY CONTENT OF L a M CONSTANT (21 .59%)
0
1 .60°1o
NICOTINE IN CIGARETTE
. ~5I7O°, NICOTINE A
IN CIGARETT E
1 .65% NICOTINE
IN CIGARETTE,
X1 .75% NICOTINE
IN CIGARETT E
13 C kill .ION ,bS/YR i
34'~) .8E/H R
C °/o 8'.RLEY \ (II (2) 9 .75 MILLION LBS/YR .
-PEAT--o 2600 LBS/HR TWO SHIFT
75 % BUP .Er . OPERATIO N
TREATE D
Q R a~ NICOTINE IN
FIMSNEO CIGARETT E
J , .
6 .5 MILLION LSS/YR
♦ ~ 1715 LBS/ 1
5u-'a SUPLEY
1Rfnrfc•
6
a
33x, and the annual cost to the company (left-hand ordinate) is read as
$470,000 per year . If 75% of the Burley is treated, the 1 .80 line again
intersects the 75% Burley line at a reduction of 44x, but the annual cost
One can reduce the annual cost and keep the same reduction in nicotine
in the L and M blend if one treats only 50% of the Burley . The 1 .80 line
intersects the 50% Burley lice at a nicotine reduction of 67% and the annual
nest of treatment is now only $ :553,000 . Thus one night reduce only 6,500,000
Qua u
All of the Burley in the L and K Is Treated.
Percent Burley Increased at the txpense of
Bright and Turkish Tobacco s
Burley in the bleed . There are two possibilities covered by this case : ties
IU In which, as the Burley is increased, the firmness of the L and N is
allowed to increase, no effort ceing mace to reduce the weight of the cigarette .
Cass 118 in which, as the percent Burley in the blend is increased, the weight
of the cigarette is reduced, keeping the firmness of the L and N the same .
present level of Burley in the L and N (81 .59%) . At 1 .80% nicotine level in
f,i
the cigarette, the cost will be 3 .65 oents/lb ; and the reduction required wil
l
LG 0391727
ECONOMIC ANALYSI S
CASE II : ALL BURLEY IN L a M TREATED `- j
% NICOTINE I N
s ol w m e i/ FINISHED CIGARETT E 05
3 2
O i
Z
73 (24 2 MILLION .BS/YR) I
0 421(
1 LAS/HR
a
.,- 140% BURLtY I N
CIGARETT E
1s 75 MILLI-IN LAS/YR I.
5000 l6' /H q
.SHIFTS
3$ 16 AUHLEY IN 2
CIGARETTE I
0
M
>
. _ _lfis C M-LLICI LB ./TR
2 SHIFTS 'ATQ LBS/H R
2I 59 '/, hUhLEt iN
CIr4ARETTE
0 0
0
!F~ .ivrvslA F1! 0
!q f
r 124
be 33% . Thl.s requires the treatment of 13 million lbs ./yr . of Burley using i .
plant feed rate of 3,4?0 lbs ./hr . If now, the Burley content is increased
31 .1% in the finished cigarette, the 1 .80 line intereeots the 31 .14 Burley
line at 2 .34 cents/lb . The reduction required is 32% and 19 .78 million lbs ./
intersects the 21 .89% Hurler line, it is found that the annual cost to the
company is 94?0000 per year . If 31 .1% Burley is used, the cost is only 0
slightly more or about 9473,000 per year. If the Burley content se increased
treated to reduce the nicotine level to 1 .80% and the required reduction eould i
~xK
be 30 .6% at an annual cost to the company of $666,000 (3 shift operation) .
The curves of Firs 10 do not take into account the savings possible
Burley content is increased . Case IIB will now be considered in which the
cigarette firmness is maintained constant by reducing cigarette weight as
the Burley in the blend is increased . If this is done, the entire economic
cigarette firmne :e . The bottom row of points (solid iiae) represents the
present level of Burley in the L and 11 (21 .59%) as shown, and as previoua: .y
indicated, treatment of all the Burley to reduce the nicotine content of the
the cigarette is reduced to keep the firmness of the L and N constant, the•
company will then earn a profit of $463,000 per year . this is indicated i n
OM
LG 0391730
ALL BURLEY IN L&M TREATED.
BURLEY INCREASED AT EXPENSE
OF BRIGHT AND TURKISH .
20 30 40 50 60 70
PERCENT NICOTINE REDUCTION IN BURLEY
ECONOMIC ANALYSI S
2 : .,
S NICOTINE IN
FINISHED CIGARETT E I
40 % BURLEY I N BURLEY TREATED
0
0 Op000 w in CIGARETTE _ -M]WONS.JI;ILM
N
-0 . .G -r .
.9- .-C -E) .
47 6 2875
. 0 -: -0 ---o .-,-
40 0 24 2
U.
0
I I.. I
-0 - 0
N 311 1875
% BURLEY IN BURLEY TREATED
CIGA . . M._~ ._MiLLt f4 /YR
?!aura ]I. Profit and loss values of Pigure U were aoaputed using this
curve*
Cigarette 16-A was made (Nov . 10, 1960) as an esaaple of case I in
which part of the burley is reduced in nicotine and sized with untreated
burley . 60% of the burley in the Chesterfield was replaced with burley
reduced 62% in nicotine . Cigarette 16-A was also made in which all of the
burley in the Chesterfield was replaced with treated burley reduced 62 %
of the Chesterfield was replaced with SD Lexington, 1986 crop aged seven
months after treatment (66 .6% nicotine reduction) . the taste panel found
sample 1-? which was a control Chesterfield . These results indicate that
r treatment at least-does not retard the aging process and that, if desired,
feasible mode of operation would appear to be the one in which all of the
nicotine and the burley content of the L and K increased a minimum of 6%,
LG 0391736
LG 0391737
♦t Lhe'lasx asasgemei conference (Juno, 1960), thefoiloring wr s
reported concerning this projects (1) ♦ pilot plant for recovering also
tine from the reduction plant condensate . by solvent extraction had been ;;
built ; (8) the ylant had been operated successfully and,disign data obtained ;
(3) An economic comparison between the solvent extraction. Wastes o f
schedule . Once the estimated sales price is established, the profit margin
or yearly !noose derived from the recovery of nicotine will also depend
upon .he operating schedule . As indicated in the last report (June, 1960) ,
LG 0391738
µ•
r
t
i
• 1, i U'
0
M 0
M
.. . .188 . .. _ .
the "lee price was established by using 3-year amortisation operating one
shift per day . Nicotine reduction plant operating conditions vere take n
set 3600 lbs ./hr . feed rate and 66 .6% nicotine reduction assuming the burley
per day) and product cost (cents per lb . 40% nicotine sulfate) . Also
indicated in Harare 13 are the profit margins for the various operating
one shift operation, the greater profit margin for two-shift operation will
selling price for the 400 nicotine sulfate is indicated as about bed/lb .
The above costs differ very little from the coats reported in the
on
June, 1960 report .
sting This means that the economics of recovery depends upon the operating
argi n conditions chosen for the reduction plant . For ezaeple, if only a small
r4
r•• .. 'sty •.
LG 0391739
LG 0391740
0
0
0
- 129
M
a
the fact that the concentration of nicotine in the condensate becomes low
and labor costs and overhead become excessive for the amount of nicotine
recovered .
nicotine recovery for each of the points shown in all of the graphs of
Part I of this report and to re-evaluate the annual cost or profit to the
41
company for sash of the cases examined; i .e ., Cases I, IIA and its. The
next section presents the results of this economic study and is designed
to show : (1) How the annual profit or loss figures for each of the asses
It is not .
which follow as : that r on gf onersticn ja which thy, profit fre ■ tbt sale
of nicotine *"rate at the anticipated sales prioa fj jqj small to amortize
Case I
a
y" Iota durlei Content of th L and N
n ant .
Using a o M es f Treated
an n rem ;ed rgy
using 2-shift operation . It the burley is reduced 60% in nicotine, 430 .000
sa
LG 0391741
at
Fig . 14 ~ .' ,,r
t
cAS -4k:-ATOTAI, -Qt wt-ty ' 0
~ ~r rJT .,L al~ .coMS~ t~FY tzr :a
77 USING tMRIOUS ; MIXTURES Of TREATOAND UNTREATED'•oaURLEY .
001
LG 0391742
,L .BURLEY 00 mNT 4~ ,1 &'M CONS NT,, :(2l
.55W-
)US ; MIXTURES OF • TREATED' AND - UNTREATED', BURLE Y
LG 0391743
r .
ibe ./yr . of, nicotine sulfate will be produced (upper curve of Figure 14) .
It only 76% of the burley to treated and the nicotine to reduced 46% ,
fees rate on the cost of producing 408 nicotine sulfate . The lower dashed
be noticed that only a few operating conditions fall within the region of
treated, one must operate along the 13 million lb . burley line . At 60%
redaction of nicotine in the burley, the cost of the 40)9 nicotine sulfite
M solution produced will be about 84k/lb . which is well within the regio n
of economic operation . If, however, one moves up the curve to 40% reduc-
tion, one is now above the dotted boundary line or in the uneoonomieal
region . Similarly, if one treats only 76% of the burley, there is only
11
one point falling in the economic region, and one must reduce the nicotine
economical .
Flaure If is a similar plot except the yearly profit from the sale
by the horizontal dashed line . P'or example, of one treats all of the burley
and reduces it 60% in nicotine, the yearly profit will be $30,000 per year--
well above the $64,000 boundary line . If, however, only 76% of the burley
0
to treated and reduced 4'( in nicotine, the yearly *profit* will be only
12A,000 per y±ar which to too alto a margin of profit to make the investment
411
0
LG 0391744
ECCONOM1 - ANAMI
CASE I -TOTAL BURLEY CONTENT IN L
USI(VO VIRIOUS MIXTURES OF 7REATEL
I I I CIGARETTE WEIGHT A l
PROOI.'CT COST, CENTS / I.B ., OF 40% NICOTINE SULFATE SOLUTION AS A
LG 0391745
M
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
CASE I -TOTAL BURLEY CONTENT IN LS M CONSTANT (21 .59 % )
USING WRIOUS MIXTURES OF TREATED 5 UNTREATED BURLEY
_I I I --} CIGARETTE WEIGHT AND FIRMNESS CONSTAN T
DST, CENTS / LB ., OF 40 % NICOTINE SULFATE SOLUTION AS A FUNCTION OF S NICOTINE REDUCTION AT ' RIOUS RJWT CAP.
35 40 45 50 55
% NICOTINE REDUCTION IN BURLEY
L G 039174 6
Fig . 16
ECONOMIC ANALYSI S
CASE I - TOTAL BURLEY CONTENT IN L 81 M CONSTANT (2-1 .59'
USING VARIOUS MIXTURES OF TREATED 8 UNTREATED BURLEY
SHOWING PROFIT FROM SALE OF 40'X. NICOTINE SULFATE
-
I
I
CIGARETTE WEIGHT AND FIRMNESS CONSTAN T
18 0 . . i _
YEARLY PROFIT • THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS /YR . AS A FUNCTION OF % NICOTIAE REDUCTION
160
14
12 0
100
80
60
40
20
LG 0391747
0
.•~1~~`•'n ~^^~•w.+f^"'~ . .'1I'~1^'r1~^"T^ 1
=._~sr/t~~l~^ . . ./'Stl~ .~~"'t ~L'^~`~'1.~
ECONOMIC ANALYSI S
SE I - TOTAL BURLEY CONTENT IN L a M CONSTANT (21 .59 %)
USING VARIOUS MIXTURES OF TREATED 8 UNTREATED BURLEY
SHOWING PROFIT FROM SALE OF 40 % NICOTINE SULFAT E
• . ... 1 ~ I i >. . 1
1 CIGARETTE WEIGHT AND FIRMNESS CONSTAN T
IT . THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS /YR . AS A FUNCTION OF % NICOTINE REDUCTION AT
is 40 45 50 55
% NICOTINE REDUCTION IN BUHL EY
LG 0391748
4,
0 0
CMM
N RM
f~
cigarette are shown (Cashed lines) . Only these points failing ou%sija
eo oono. cal points of nicotine recovery . The use of this graph is illustrated
as follows :
Assume that one wishes to produce a cigarette containing 1 .70% nicotine
X
in the finished cigarette treating all of the burley . One :cast than go to
the 13 million lb ./yr . line (solid line) and operate along this line until
Taking into account the profits derived from the sale of this nicotine,
the left-hand ordinate indicates that the annual cost to the company will
be about 14W,000 per year . Tenure 8 in Section I indicates that without 0
z
nicotine recovery the cost would be 1484,000 annually-or a saving, of 0
=76,000 per year through the sale of nicotine sulfate . Under the conditions W
of Case I and as indicated by Elows ]?, under no circumstances is recovery
From 1 :sari j7, it is evident, therefore, that for Case I the nicotine
L
recovery process becomes economical only in a few restricted areas of opsra-
Stan . Case 12 will now be considered in which all of the burl my in the L and
Turkish tobaccos . As before, this will be divided Into Case IIA and 118 .
rigurl '8 shows the annual production of 40% nicotine sulfate as a function
LG 0391749
CASE I' TOTAL BURLEY CONTENT OF L6 M CONSTANT (21 .59°4 )
7 r + I
I I
975 MILLION LBS/YR
2600 LBS/HR.
75% BURLEY TREATED
TWO SHIFTS
1 S ~•///%~/ .i A % NICOTINE I N
i' ,;'/%
i ',,~/, , \ TO - FINISHED CIGARETT E
AREA OF UNECONOMICAL \-
OPERATION OF NICOTINE
RECOVERY PLANT .
165 % NICOTINE IN
~•'i j„~ // ~~ /~,'!~'', FINISHED CIGARETT E
.60% NICOTINE IN
37C FINISHED CIGARETT E
fIN SHED CIGARETTE//I / /P / / % //
350 I%
I. I . .,
130 MILLIONS LBS/YR.
3470 LBS/H R
100% BURLEY TREATE D
490. . .. . . . ( . . TWO/ SHIF .. . - 'I' . ;. . ._ .i . . .. } .. . . 4- .- . . . . .- I -
I i
Q 4R0 - Al'
In / '
A I I
470
-- i
a ` I I
N.
1 .60 % NICOTINE I N
N 37C • %NICOTINF IN/' FINISHED CIGARETTE
' I
G FINISHED CIGARETT E
/
360 •
J
j 350
Z /\/
Q 340
3.25 MILLION LBS/YR .
1 i ' ' i / r--•v 1653 LBS/M R
125% BURLEY TREATED
LONE SHIF T
65 MILLION'LBS R . /
290 ' // .1,3115 LBS/HR 1.',40V / % / ,/ / //
, :'
" , / / / , 50% BURLEY TREATED / /// / " / /' /
280 1 , / ' , ' / % , ' ~ONE SHIFT / / .' / , '' / / // , ' Ji / • ! ,' I
,
210! /'I / / ''//,',////''////' /// //•/// /
260i X
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
YEARLY PRODUCTION OF 40% NICOTINE SULFATE SOLUTION AS A FUNCTION OF '/. NICOTINE REOUCTIO t
LG 0391752
CASE a - ALL BURLEY IN La M TREATED
BURLEY INCREASED AT EXPENSE OF BRIGHT IN TURKIS H
)F 40% NICOTINE SULFATE SOLUTION AS A FUNCTION Or % NICOTINE REDUCTION AT VARIOUS PLANT CAPACITIES
I I 4
LG 0391753
0
W 132 r.
considered for Cases IIA and IIB . Figure 19 shove the cost of producin g
at various reduction plant feed rates . As before, the bottom dashed line
reduction and reduction plant feed rate . If 18 .96 Billion pounds per year
from the sale of nicotine . sulfate would be $230,000 and the plant would
shown as solid lines, and the lines of constant percent nicotine in the
finished cigarette are shown dotted . An example of the use of this chart
follows :
1 .RO% by treating all of the burley and retaining its present percentage
(21 .69%) in the L and X . the 13 million 1b . burley line is followed until
LG 0391754
Fig. 19
I
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS T
110
CASE a - ALL BURLEY IN L8 M TREATED
105 BURLEY INCREASED AT EXPENSE OF BPIGHT 81 T L
100 PRODUCT COST, CENTS /L8 . , OF 40 % NICOTINE SULFATE SOLUTION AS A FUNCTION OF 9. NIC (
95
90F
z
85
I-
75
70
24 .20 MILLION L85./YR .
BURLEY TREATE D
3 SHIFT S
60
ANTICIPATED SELLING PRICE OF 40 .4 NICOTINE SULFATE
55 BASED ON I SHIFT/DAY B 3 YR. AMC
50
2875 MILLION LBS./YR .
BURLEY TREATED
3 SHIFT S
40
0 30
0
U
25
20
IS
IU
ti
ti 10 I ;i .'0 :"., 30 45 40 45 ) 55 GO
% NICUTINU. REDUCTION IN NUHI f Y
LG 0391755
ECONOMIC ANALYSI S
CASE II -ALL BURLEY IN La M TREATED
BURLEY INCREASED AT EXPENSE OF BPIGHT S TURKIS H
ALB ., OF 40% NICOTINE SULFATE SOLUTION AS A FUNCTION OF '/. NICOTINE REDUCTION AT VARIOUS PLANT
30 4', 40 45 `+L1 55 G0 bs
°.o NICUT INt . tit OUC t ION IN NUHI FY
LG 0391756
Fig. 20
ECONOMIC ANALYSI S
CASE U: ALL BURLEY IN L a M TREATED
BURLEY INCREASED AT EXPENSE OF BRIGHT & TURKISH
SHOWING PROFIT FROM SALE OF 40% NICOTINE SULFAT E
I
280
260 1
0 24C
U.
220
z 20 C
4
0 1801 a
16 0
I- f
1400 i2C a
i
r x
a IC'O : a
} 80 x
U ,6 x
40
O X A
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 64
10
% NICOTINE REDUCTION IN BURLE Y
LG 0390757
ECONOMIC ANALYSI S
CASE U : ALL BURLEY IN L 8i M TREATED
BURLEY INCREASED AT EXPENSE OF BRIGHT IN TURKISH
SHOWING PROFIT FROM SALE OF 40% NICOTINE SULFAT E
5
YEARLY PROFIT, THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS/YR AS A /287
FUNCTION OF PERCENT NICOTINE REDUCTION A T
- VARIOUS PLANT CAPACITIE S
LG 0391758
ECONOMIC ANALYSI S
CASE II-A: ALL BURLEY IN L8IM TREATE D
65 0 x
i CIGARETTE. WEIGHT CONSTAN T
60 0
I
575
24 .2 MILLION LBS/YR . I I
4210 LBS/HR 3 SHIFT S
)40% BURLEY IN CIGARETTE
x Jr
z
2 6
1 .95
' 52 5 1 .90
w
165 x
I .Bo
500 .175
a :tiA :E ; AWEA I, AREA
165
J ~~i UNEf. ;fNiMICA I
SFERAT10'4 FO R
LL 475 ~J .CGT'f'E RECOVERY
0
A
UI R
O 1 .50% NICOTINE IN
z
FINISHED CIGARETTE
450
0
X
I- 28 .75 MILLION LBS/YR 1
425 5000 LBS/HR ) 3 SHIFTS
1476 % BURLEY IN CIGARETTEI
0
:7
3 400
z
z L. ..J- - i___ . .
4
U)
a
2 FINISHF ❑ CIGARETTE l
450 K
to
0
Z 128 .75 MILLION LBS/YR
{ 5000 LBS/HR t ? SHIFTS
F 425 (
1476% BURLEY IN CIGARETTE !
165 +
I, 0+I
6 L LION
5'YR
L8
~ ,3470 LBS/NR 2 SNIF S
2159°/, BURLEY IN CIGARETTE
275- - . . . . ,
it intersects the dashed line labeled 01 .600 . From the bottom ordinate one
finds that this requires a nicotine reduction of about 33% and will cost
the company (left-band ordinate) about 1469,000 annually . Phi, point falls
economical . One can arrive at the seas final nicotine content in the L and No
however, by increasing the burley content to 31 .1% ; i .e ., the point where the
•1 .80• line intersects the 18 .75 million lb ./yr . burley line . Under these
of about t393,000 per year . This point falls outside the shaded area and
Case 12- B
Al Bur n VW a% M T r a SA
BurlAX ;ncreas*4 at t s of Bright anA
r Tobacco s
W cost or profit to the company and percent nico tine reduction at various
a
burley contents in the oigarette . Agsin, the dashed lines are lines of
constant nicotine content in the finished cigarette and the shaded boundary
recovery .
For the example considered in the prevl3us case, If all of the burley
in the L and K is treated keeping the percent burley in the L and K constant,
nicotin e
to produce a cigarette containing 1 .80%/will cost the company 1469,000 .
Ir . now, the burley content of the L and M is raised to 31 .1% and the
weight decreased to atve a cigarette of the saes firmness, Figure &I shows
JS'_
LG 0391761
CASE II-B . ALL BURLEY IN L&M TREATE D
a
I5S.ADED ARE A
S AREA O F
U%ECONOMICAL
OPERATION O F
MCOTIP E
RECOVER Y
PLAN T
I000
;AERATION OF
J
0 NICOTINE
a RECOVER Y
y i PLAN T
0 1000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
PERCENT NICOTINE REDUCTION IN BURLEY
-134-
corrected for the profits from the sale of nicotine sulfate . Withoc.t this
profit, the annual n,t profit to the company would be only ;360,000 .
C . Summary :
not depends first of all on the way the reduction plant is operated . From
the data which have been calculated and from the graphs which have been
might be derived from the sale of 40% nicotine sulfate, while significant,
in
are too small to be a first consideration in deciding on how the reduction
an
plant should be operated . A solvent extraction nicotine recovery plan t
of
of sufficient size has been designed on paper and equipment orders could .
N Si t
be placed immediately once a decision is made . The plant would cost
Sic
about 1210,000 and would require about one year to put in operation .
pr c
It should be remembered, however, that the market picture is hasy and
made with Hapublio since last June and no definite sales price for 40%
definitely known is that the present market price is about 11 .20 per pound .
D . Recomasndsttons :
LG 0391764
-135-
(1) A direct contract between L and H and a buyer for the nicotin e
sulfate . The buyer would offer it for resale and L and M would
a share in the net profits . Under these conditions, L and M
would have only one firm to deal with but would probably have t o
agree to furnish a minimum quantity for a specified period of time .
Since the amount of 40% nicotine sulfate which L and M could produce might
ind
get t
LG 0391765
0
0
- 136 -
I
!, IV . STATUS OF OTHER PROJECTS
small samples of tobacco without the necessity for making sample cigarettes .
Improvements .eve been made in the burn- .spot measuring device such
being constructed ..
during burning . This is no doubt due to the release of water vapor and
reabsorption of the water in that portion of the ci,aretto back of the cone
and tobacco type . A device for measurtrg this effect has been constructed,
LG 0391766
- 137 -
the necessity for reducing plant capacity to attain this thin sheet, it at
was not possible at that time to go to the recommended thinness . The sheet
to study our process with a view toward controlling CT3 sheet thicknes s
the patent office . The process claims were rejected . The term for L
responding to the patent office action expires on Feb . 23, 198) . A draft
0 amendment will probably be prep. red by Cenyon and Kenyon in January .
AMF interference suit took place on Nov 7, 1960 . Mr . Kenyon feels that
of next year .
All of the major eyuipmennL for the p'.1,1t. ai,;aretLe fa .:Lory taua been
LG 0391767
11
- 138-
cooling cylinder, and a,ttometic weigh belt . This equipment has been
F . Fu
placed in the dngineering pilot plant area : . . . .t connecting conveyor belts
have been installed . Additional equipment has been obtained from the
D . Drying Studley ,
drying rate studies . The tray dryer will also be used to study the effect wor k
E . Filling ?ewer :
casing the burley by spraying on the casing material . This work is still
incomplete and inconsistent results are still being obtained . This work
is being tied in with drying atudles as It is felt that the dryin g coo
2 . Utppe4 burley
,rho Engineering Research and Development Division has worked with the
rriue for no increase in filling power has been obtained by dipping the
hurtmy . It to felt that in t.hte case also, the maiuter of drying the burley
etudtev-
LG 0391768
F . Fundamental Enzinserinc Research Studios ;
varieties, and species . Interest in this work has been expreseel by the
School of Agriculture at N . C . State College and samples are being tested
pressure drop through packed tobacco bads and through cigarettes . This
0 . Kisosllanepu66
A number of tests have been run for the factory on tumble loss,
screen analyses, filling power, and burn spots for blends containing out
burley stems .
2 . Competitive Nr ► nd s
Testa are n-3w in progress to compare Liggett and Myers pr .duets with
competitive brands It has been over a year since this was do:ie .
LG 0391769
0
AC
0 - 140 -
THs INSECTICIDAL FOGGING PHOGRAK
Liver
The fogging operations are continuing in the manner as previously loo
1. OOC_
reported at our last conference .
Insect trap count reoorde sad cost or fod,ying are shown in the
following tabulation : of t b
wit h
11
0
LG 0391770
A;
- 141 -
Iq Uo - No Fan House s
Livengood Andrews Andrews Andrews Cole Average
109 83 79 84 11 1
, 01 09,7 1,1 51,575 1,9 00 , 923,700 15,71 5500 4 f
The trap catch average in the fan cooled houses was about 24%
f
of that in the fog treated houses and about 5 .6% of that in the untreated
f
houses .
Fans are now being installed in all sections of Briggs storage and
f
should be operational by mid.-December .
p
0 Installation of fans has recently been completed in all twelve one-
n
a) story sheds in the downtown area .
and Smith storages has been started and will probably be completed by March 1, a
1961 . ■
in Can cooled houses . The object of these studies is to determine the beat
13%. Tobacco used in these studies is from the 1957 crop . The tobacco will
on clay .
LG 0391771
M
- 142 -
5 . 38 board floor suspended over 3-foot air space with controlled
permanent openings in thn underpinning walls below the floor providing for
1e-
natural free flow of air at all times below the floor .
Mlle . In August 1958, boxes of tobacco were placed on the above test floors
March 1 , and moisture readinde were taken monthly to determine thefluotuations from
their peak moistures in August or September . The graph shows the peak mois-
M
tures obtained on all floors . In addition, the complete moisture curve for
the board floor in A-103 is shown . This floor had controlled ventilation
above and below the floor . The suspended concrete floor in the same house
showed moisture variations not significantly different from the board floor .
The suspended concrete floor had controlled ventilation above and below
(1) The floors with controlled ventilation above and below are the best from
+c e (3) A board floor with no ventilation underneath and a board floor with
ventilation under it at all times gave about the some results . The peak
LG 0391772
- 143 -
)ple d (4) The concrete floor with 60 of cinders underneath compared fairly closely
with the concrete floor with the 3" board overlay . The insulation quality
:rolle d of these floors produced a lower peak moisture than those shown above them
ender the
on the graph . However, the cinder concrete floor reached 13% on on e
occasion .
:rolled
serous
ling for
floors
ans from
i after
er on the
observing
peak mots-
rve for
elation
as house
and floor .
low
best from
e the worst .
wit h
a peak
LG 0391773
144
% Moistur0
1x21-a 9 11 -24-69 12-22-59 1-26-60 2-22-60 _ 3-22-60
board, ope- : : :erneath 12 .00 10 .97 10 .22 9 .97 10 .44 10 .81 10.48
11th fens a-c r
board, o1osr: underneath 12 .00 10.62 10 .38 10.38 10 .19 10 .02 9 .90
slth fans alzose
board, fans . . rneath U . 05 9 .98 9 .78 10, 9 .98 10 .33 7
e d fa a a:re .
Suspended , :r•te, fans- 11 .05 0 .78 9 .97 .1 10 .11
underneath s•:'fane abov e
Loncretp e1& . w :t5 11 .73 10 .08 9 .75 10 .19 0 9 .83 1033'
sipdere u •r sla b
F-o-ird lad •e-ner .te slab 10, S .4 9 .178 58 10 .08
Cometo s : _n cla!r 12 .20 10 .97 10 .6 10 .72 10.38 11
.01 9 .90
---Type of ^ :r % Moistur e
sanufac
sold da
dietrit
record
Uu
roof Is
where n
Or
water f
Du
large in
oinderi
and hoF.
LG 0391776
- 146 -
Introduction
In the spring of 1959 bright tobaccos brought from the storages for
mold damage . Records wiro kept, starting on May 21, 1959, shoving the
during 1969 a careful inspection of all storage houses was made . All I
roof leaks were repaired and gutters and drains were checked and repaired
where necessary .
cinders . In other cases, there was very little air space between cinders
Assessing dome-go
The overall damage was not as serious as had at first been thought .
Last October a report was made for the period May 21, 1969 through
TABL A a
20,778,700 335,853 1 .6 1
are taking effect with resulting lowering of damage losses . Table o covers
LG 0391777
- 147 -
TABS U
a . All 112,000 pounds of tobacco for the periad . May 21, 1960 through 3eptemoer 30,
,aire d 1960 .
The data of Tables A and 2 are for two comparable periods of about four
surfac e months . In Table C is given the loss percentage data for the period May 21,
11
1959 through September 3C, 1960 or about 16 months .
in a TABL 0
In Table U, are ohown the loeees in bright tobacco by crop year for
the 16 months pertod M,.y 21, 1959 throul;h September 30, 1960 .
measure s
u covers
11
LG 0391778
- 148 -
TAi)LS L
37,135 3 .57
291, 425 28 .09
468,509 45 .16
224,553 21-,6 4
8,884 0 .85
6 866 0 .66
1 037 372--
type for the 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1 :+67 and 1958 crops .
TABLE E
as . 45 22 4 164 2 17 0 75 2156
1997 1837 403 8 106 164 6142
9921 4345 156 25 59 14506
Du r 0 0 60 0 30 90
D•W 736 35 6518 20 _ 7932 14241
Totals 126 [i441 -7i-414 9 321 X60 3713 5
TABLE 6
LG 0391779
- 149 -
TAFLF: G
fABLF H
LG 0391780
- 1CO -
I L'Li. J
. 1959 through
1May2 September 30, 190 0
11Dt D 1L .
Ga . 0 O 0 28,3 0 2613
Sc 0 332 39? 2003 sv 2826
ENC 0 166 0 125 1140 1431
Dur 0 44U 0 0 '309 74 9
D- V 0 0 0 0 1266 1286_
~iCala 0 938 9-7 711 2608 8W4
TA9a.E K
75 .1 1145 375 1
878 427 188 7
199 388 628
0 62 9U
0 70 n
50 22092 SINE
LG 039178 1
- 151 -
Warehouse procedure s
tobacco and get it out of storage for manufacture . More Important, this
North
systom has spotted tobacco likely to go bad and has permitted us to either
use the tobacco or make provisions to prevent spoilage . Since the spot
check system was begun, nearly 4000 hogsheads have been sampled .
1963 ,
All bright tobaccos of the 1954 through 1957 crops have been reversed
L2 in storage and polyethylene file has been placed under the hogsheads to
row .
prevent moisture from the floors from reaching the tobacco . All 1953
the f
crop tobaccos have been used in manufacture .
Tobaccos of the 1958 crop are now in the process of being reversed
run through our Ouardite equipment to reduce moisture . This method was
All new tobao, s going into our storages are now being placed over
polyethylene film .
etfec
MOISTURE VARIATIONS IN STOHAO 6 the t
To date, our storage moisture investi6ations have, or necessity, been
somewhat of an emergency nature . The main objective of these tests has been
to save tobacco from damaging . Observations during the past eighteen this
months have suggested a number of factors which may influence the moisture was
contents of a given crop of tobaooc . These factors are ; were
I
L
1 Wet or dry growing season and r
2 Mild or severe win%er s
3 wet or dry fall or spring The i
4 Ads of tobacco in storage
5 Type of tobacc o
6 Grade of tobacc o
7 Moisture content from dryer
11
LG 0391782
- 152 -
To determine the influence of these factors, the following plan is no w
being followed .
I
1 . Bright tobacco of five types, Georgia, South Carolina, "stern
North Carolina, Middle Belt and Old Belt, all of Ca grade, will be studied .
4 . Each month, a moisture sample will be taken from each tier of each
this study . These sections are 72 and 73 . In section 72, polyethylene film
was placed over the entire floor as a vapor barrier . In section 73 no changes
were made .. Tobaccos of the 1959 crop were placed in both of these sections
and moisture tests have been made monthly since the tobacco was store d
LG 0391783
L)
0
w
to
Y
- 153 -
The data is plotted and shown as the curves for Project One . Xote
that the tobacco in section 73 gained more moisture than that in section
72 . Also the moisture loss rate is such slower . The tobacco in section 79
I
is about li higher than the original moisture content when stored . The
Project i
A house located in town was chosen for a test . This house is located
in a group north of Lamond Avenue and is known as Garrard number 40. This
house is high above ground level and is general lya *goods house . It is
ventilated by roof fans . In this test, two types of concrete are used with
building, two floors were placed, one on top of the other . The first or
lower floor Is .& concrete containing vermiculite which has very high
insulating value . The second is Solite concrete which also has good
insulating value, but has high strength . The vermiculite concrete would
The right hand site of the house contains a 100% Solite concrete floor .
Both the right and left hand floors were poured over polyethylene film .
1959 crop tobacco was stored on both sides of the house and moisture samples
LG 0391785
LG 0391786
- 154 -
Of great interest . however . Is the fact that the tobacco returned to its
original moisture content in October . Also, the maximum moisture reached
vas only 10.83% which is well under the critical condition required for
Project 3
Polyethylene film was placed over the earth floor on the right bond
side of Andrews 103 and over the top of the concrete floor on the left hand
these storage houses have fans in the roofs . Monthly moisture tests have
LG 0391787
LG 0391788
- 155 -
Polyethylen e Polyethylen e
over concrete over eart h
Date A-102_ A-102
11-510 8 .23 8 .7 2
12-59 8 .77 8 .83
1-60 8 .77 9 .06
2-60 9 .67 9 .3 0
3-60 9 .29 9 .55
4-60 9 .60 9 .24
5-60 9 .84 10 .03
8-60 9 .95 10 .4 3
7-60 10 .19 10 .54
8-60 11 .01 11 .1 9
9-60 9 .M 9 .26
10-80 9 .93 9 .19
11-60 9 .84 8 .8 1
Theme data arc plotted in the graph for Project Three . There is very
return to the original dryer moisture . The tobacco stored on the polyethylene
1 1/2% higher in moisture than when stored . The reason for this difference
in the two floors is that there is no dunnage on the concrete floor and air
cannot circulate under the hogsheads . On the earth floor, there is a 1 foot
air space under the dunnage allowing for good air circulation .
N has been quite bad from this viewpoint . In view of the apparent succes s
One half of the floor has been completed and the other half is planned soon-
Tobaccos of the 1960 crop will be stored or. the floors and monthly moisture
checks will be made . Fans were installed in section 68 this past November .
LG 0391789
rM
- 156 -
COOPERATIVE PROJECTS WITH STO11D TOBACCO INSECTS LAHO :ATORY OF THE UNITSD
STATES kEPAaiTT ILL u-
tocacco moth from artificially infested tobacco . . It was found that the
2 and 4 p .m .
black light . It was fount that black light attracts two and one-half
.,
very to three times as many beetles as incandescent light . Attraction to
•a prior black 113ht chances very little with increase in intensity for the ranges
•th floor studied . The percentage of females oolleoted in black light traps
it, to decreases slightly with an increase in intensity . The percentages of
Mlyethylene- females collected by incandescent traps was less than with black light
ove r traps .
fferenoe
3 . An investigation of the relative attraction of the cigarette beetle to
and air infra-red and incandescent light traps was made . It was found that
a 1 foot infra-red light attracts about one-third as many beetles as does
incandescent light .
4th ot . ;arette beetle from hogsheads of flue cured tobacco and the
ovember . in the hogsheads was located in the first inch . with very little found
beyond the first inch and none beyond the third inch . It is expected tha t
LG 0391790
0
- 167 -
the infestation might increase below the first Inch in 1961 in these
UK 2T =
test hogsheads .
3e of the
that the
a . and
ien Abou t
:Sion of
:let of
s. -half
.on t o
the ranges
.ape
a of
tie to
hat
oond
o& the
infestation
e found
,eotnd that
LG 0391791