Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of
content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms
of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.
Pacific Affairs, University of British Columbia is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend
access to Pacific Affairs.
http://www.jstor.org
William S. Turley
370
37I
372
'Indochina as a whole at this time was the third largest market,afterAlgeria and
Switzerland,forFrenchproducts,the mostimportant ofwhichweretextiles,automobiles,bicy-
cles, paper, clocks,watches,pharmaceuticals,flour,tinnedfoodand wine. Donald Lancaster,
The Emancipation ofFrenchIndochina (London: OxfordUniversityPress, 1961),416.
10 Tran Huy Lieu, Op. CILt.,251.An estimateafterthe transferofpowershowedroughly7,600
stall-keepers,io,oooshop-owners,io,ooopeddlersand io,ooosidewalk-hawkers. Ibid.,290.
" This estimateis crude because ofthe difficultyofestablishinga reliable,meaningful base-
figure(thelastofficialestimatebeforethewar,in 1943,was renderedmeaninglessbythefluctua-
tionsof 1946-47) and because theDRV made onlya roughestimateofHanoi's populationat the
transferof power.
12 The clearestexampleofrefugees in Hanoi was at theend ofWorldWar II, whenthecity
was filledwithrefugeesfromfamine,manyofwhomdied in thestreets.These persons,at least
thosewho stillhad thestrength and otherswhoheldFranceresponsible,swelledthecrowdsthat
participatedin theAugustRevolutionof 1945whentheDRV and theindependenceofVietnam
were proclaimed.
373
Hanoiin Peace
The transition from colonial to national rule also introduced
socialist transformation,which proved to be an effectivepreparation
for the second, much differenttype of conflict. When the DRV re-
entered Hanoi on io October 1954, this "fortressof colonialism" was
objectively "backward." It had not experienced the reforms nor
shared the hardships which had nourished the Resistance ethos. The
industrial proletariat was negligible, all but overwhelmed by the
374
375
376
377
378
Sources: Bo Quoc gia Kinh te, Thongke Nien (iam Viet-narn (Annuaire sta
I-III (1919-1952) (Vien Thongke va ao cuu Min te Viet-nam
1, L1; Thu do Ha-noi (14 April 1961), 1; Douglas Pike "Briefin
(saigo;;75T'eruaryT97.1, 2); Nhan J.an (30 August 1974j, 1; Han
Hanoi Moi (5 September 1974), 1.
380
38i
382
383
384
385
386
387
and Reconstruction
Recovery
to wereindividualfamilyliv-
HanoiMci ( I7 January1973), 1. Ifthe"housingunits" referred
ing quarters,thenbased on the averageof5.3 personsper household(whichnormallyobtained
in Kham Thien) up to go,ooopersonsmay have been lefthomeless.
60HanozMo (20 April 1973),3.
388
389
67
Vzetnam No. 29 (October I974), 7.
Courier,
68
Hanoi Moz (3I March I973), 2.
390
39I
392
Boundaries
z metropolitan _ __
_ /~~~~~~~~~~~suburban districts
balsed on sa1ps by Nguyn nhin Ax~IHuy Litu lch s& me-caA=~ (HanoI 196).
itemssuch as plastics,whichsubstituted
forsomewood itemsso thatthecity
could surmount difficulties concerning wood. Construction materials in-
dustriesincreasedfifty percent. ..Machine industriesmaintainedproduc-
tin..... and wereable to operatecontinuously
withsimpleequipment.Small
industryand handicrafts developed,in morevariouswaysthan before,and
theforcesofsmall industryand handicrafts absorbedmanymoreworkers.79
Aside fromconfirmingthe repressiveeffectthat the air war had on
large enterprisesand labor productivityand thus testifyingto the in-
7 NguyenVan Tran, HanoiMoz (9 April 1974),I.
393
,_ _ __-, 5 ooom
4I.
~~~~C
.
394
395
396
397