‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬

 K٪٩٥‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K٣٠W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Penetration Test of Bitumen
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬  K ‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٠‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬K٣٠ ٢٠‫א‬ ٣٠L٢٠،
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١ J١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K K٢
 K K٣
K K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 K‫א‬ K٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 K‫א‬WE١ J١٢F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 ١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K
K٢٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 K‫א‬١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥٠‫א‬ K٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K٩
‫א‬  ١٠‫א‬ ١٠‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Flash Point Test of Bitumen

 W‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ K
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬       ‫א‬        ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، ١٧٥‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K٢٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٦٢
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢ J١٢F‫א‬‫א‬ .١
K‫א‬ .٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 KWE٢ J١٢F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 ١٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢{٨‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬٥‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٦
K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 Softening Point Test of Bitumen
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧٥  ٣٠  ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬
KEEthylene glycolF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
         ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٣ J١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬ K٢
K٩{٥‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٣ J١٢F
 W‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٨–١٠٠ ‫א‬EEthylene glycolF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٧–٢٥‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 KE٤ J١٢F‫א‬
K٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤ J١٢F
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
Ductility Test of Bitumen
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬١٠٠٥‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥٠
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥ J١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬٥٠‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤

   
 K‫א‬WE٥ J١٢F
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 Kinematics Viscosity Test of Asphalts
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ٦٠ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬    K  ١٣٥ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K
 K١٠٠{٠٠٠٦‫א‬(CST) ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٦ J١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬ K٤
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 K‫א‬WE٦ J١٢F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 ٦٠‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٧
‫א‬٦٠‫א‬‫א‬،٠{١‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬W‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K٨
KE‫א‬‫א‬FxE‫א‬FZEF‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٩
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
Solubility Test

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 .(Carbon Disulphide)‫א‬
 K٪٩٩ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
 Volatility Test

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪½‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬
 Superpave Method
 
superior performing asphalt  ‫א‬  ESuperpaveF   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Kpavement
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) Test
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٧ J١٢F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬ .١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٧ J١٢F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K2 MPa‫א‬٢٠‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Rotational Viscometer (RV) Test
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٨ J١٢F‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٨ J١٢F
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٦٠٠٣‫א‬ K١
 K١{٠E‫א‬٢٥٠–٠F‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬٪١‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
KE١٣–٨F‫א‬ K٤
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
K‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) Test
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٩ J١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬ K٢
K K٣
 K K٤

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٩ J١٢F
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
:‫א‬

‫א‬E‫א‬١٠٠F٢٠١٠‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬٥٠‫א‬ K٢
،  ‫א‬  ‫א‬         K٣
 K١‫א‬EGF٪٢‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٠  ٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬٢٥٨‫א‬K‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) Test
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٠ J١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬ K٢
K K٣
 K K٤

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE١٠ J١٢F
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      K١
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K٤‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Direct Tension (DT) Test

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٠–٠F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١١ J١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬ K٢
K K٣
 K K٤
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE١١ J١٢F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     K١
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Aggregates Abrasion Test
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
   ،‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬     ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٢ J١٢F ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K١٢٨ K٢
K K٣
K‫א‬ K٤
KE٤٤٥ J٣٩٠٣{٨‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 

 
K‫א‬WE١٢ J١٢F
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
١٠٠٠ ٥٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ ٣٣ ٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

Aggregates Impact Resistance Test

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬٥١٠{٢
 K‫א‬٣٨‫א‬‫א‬١٤ K٢

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٠١٢{٥‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬٢٥‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K٢٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K١٥‫א‬‫א‬٣٨‫א‬ K٤
 K٢{٣٦‫א‬ K٥

 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬٪١٠‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬٪٢٠ J١٠‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

K ‫א‬٪٣٠ J٢٠‫א‬ •

 

 
 K‫א‬WE١٣ J١٢F

 
 
 
 
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Compaction Tests
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KWE١٤ J١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 KE٤F K٢
K K٣
K K٤
20 kg‫א‬ K٥
0.1 gm‫א‬ K٦
K٥±١١٠‫א‬ K٧
K K٨
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 KEF‫א‬WE١٤ J١٢F

 Standard Proctor Test‫א‬‫א‬ J

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
،‫א‬‫א‬٪٨٠E٤F‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
5 cm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٥
K7 cm
٢٥،30.5 cm‫א‬2.5 kg‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬K٧
KE٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫ א‬K٨
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
KE٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٠
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K١١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٢
٣٪‫א‬‫א‬E١٣FE٦F‫א‬‫א‬ K١٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Modified Proctor Test‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥FE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٢
٢٥،45.72 cm‫א‬4.54 kg‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫ א‬K٤
KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
.E١٣FE١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
‫א‬٣٪‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬
maximum dry density (γ d −max )  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬optimum moisture content (OMC ) ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
Ws
γd =
V
W
=
⎛ w ⎞
V ⎜1 + ⎟
⎝ 100 ⎠
:
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ = Ws

 ‫א‬ =V

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ =W

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ =w

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
California Bearing Ratio ECBR) Test

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬        ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٥ J١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬CBR K١
K١٨‫א‬١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
KK٤٥{٨‫א‬٤{٥٣ K٣
K K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬ K٦
K K٧
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
KE٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥٥‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬F٤{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
KE‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

،٠‫א‬‫א‬٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 K٩٦،٧٢،٤٨،٣٦،٢٤،١٢،٨،٤،٢،١
 ‫א‬ ١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬
٤{٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
،٧{٥،٥،٢{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١{٢٥‫א‬E
 K١٢{٥،١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١٦ J١٢F‫א‬ EF‫א‬‫א‬E٢ LF‫א‬ K٩
K٥{٠٢{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬CBR K١٠
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﻢ‬2.5 ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺒﺐ ﻻﺧﺘﺮاق‬
  100 × = (%)CBR
‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﻢ ﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﺠﺎر‬2.5 ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺒﺐ ﻻﺧﺘﺮاق‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬CBR‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬
 
 KCBRE١F
LF‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢  EF
 ٧٠  ١٣٧٠  ٢{٥
 ١٠٥  ٢٠٥٥  ٥
 ١٣٤  ٢٦٣٠  ٧{٥
 ١٦٢  ٣١٧٠  ١٠
 ١٨٣  ٣٦٠٠  ١٢{٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 

 
 .CBRWE١٥ J١٢F
 
 
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
  
 K‫א‬WE١٦ J١٢F
 
 
 
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 Marshall Method of Design
 
‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   
  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬  K٣
K‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 

 ‫א‬
Marshall Test
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٧ J١٢F‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K٢٢٧٦ ‫א‬ K٢
K٧٦{٢‫א‬١٠١{٦‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K٤٥{٨‫א‬٤{٥٣ K٥
K K٦
K‫א‬ K٧
K‫א‬،،،، K٨
 
 
 W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   F  ٣   ‫א‬      K١
K‫א‬١٢٠٠،E‫א‬‫א‬
K٢٤١١٠١٠٥‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
. ١{١٨،٢{٣٦،٤{٧٥،٩{٥،١٩،٢٥‫א‬‫ א‬ K٣
±١٧٠‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (CST)  ٢٠
KE١٦٥١٦٠‫א‬F (CST) ٣٠±٢٨٠
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K٥
‫א‬   ١٢٠٠   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
K 101.6   ١{٢٧ ± ٦٣{٥ ‫א‬      ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬٣
   ٤ ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬  ،E٪٧ ،٪٦{٥ ،٪٦ ،٪٥{٥ ،٪٥ ،٪٤{٥ ،٪٤F
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
‫א‬،‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٪٥٠‫א‬‫א‬ ٤‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬١٠ ١٥‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K٪٥٠‫א‬‫א‬

KWE١٧ J١٢F

W‫א‬
            ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K١
 K١٥٠–٩٠‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠‫א‬  ١٥‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
   E‫א‬  ‫א‬  F  ٥٠  ٧٥ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
،‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬
E٤٠ –٣٠F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K٦٠‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K٣
‫א‬     K‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫ א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٥٠{٨‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K
‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 ٣٠‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
K ٠{٢٥٤ ٠{٠١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ٢٤   K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،٪٦،٪٥{٥،٪٥،٪٤{٥،٪٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٪٧،٪٦{٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ E٣LF‫א‬ K١
 F ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬ F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺠﺎف‬ ‫وزن‬
  = ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

  ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  K٢
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ E٪F ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬ F ‫א‬
KE٪F
 ،E FEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬24 ‫ اﻟﺜﺒﺎت ﺑﻌﺪ‬- ‫ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬30 ‫اﻟﺜﺒﺎت ﺑﻌﺪ‬
  100 × = ‫اﻟﺜﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻗﺪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬30 ‫اﻟﺜﺒﺎت ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬ ٪٥ ٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K٪٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EF ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫ א‬  ‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
 K١٠٠٠‫• א‬
 K٥٢{٤‫• א‬
 K٢٥‫א‬‫• א‬

 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Superpave Method of Design
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Gyratory Compaction Test

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ (Gyratory Compactor)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٨ J١٢F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٨ J١٢F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ •
K‫א‬‫א‬٪٠{٥‫א‬٢ •
K‫א‬‫א‬٪٠{٥٢ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
K٪٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩

 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KE١٩ J١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

KE٢٠ J١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١٩ J١٢F

 

 
 ‫א‬WE٢٠ J١٢F
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬  E  ٢٠  F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫ א‬K٣

  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ،  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
 ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬K٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ٪ ٠{٠٠٥ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Bitumen Content Extraction Test

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
  3600 ‫א‬    E٢١ J١٢F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K١
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬ K٢
 K،، K٣
 K K٤
 K  K٥
KETrichloroethyleneF ‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K ((NH4)2 Co3) ‫א‬ K٧
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢١ J١٢F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬       ‫א‬  ‫א‬ K١
  
 KE٢F
 ،‫א‬ ٪٠{١‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
E٢F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٤
  ‫א‬،‫א‬
  ٣٦٠٠  ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫ א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٥
،‫א‬٢٠٠‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 KE ‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٦
‫ א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬     ٥ ± ١١٠ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬١٠٠
  ٥       ٦٠٠ J ٥٠٠   ‫א‬  
      ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬     ،‫א‬   ١٠٠ ‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
EF EF
37.500 4.00
25.00 3.00
19.00 2.00
12.500 1.50
9.500 1.00
4.75 0.50

 

 

 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Field Density Tests
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   K‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬٪١٠٠–٩٥،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬
Sand Cone Method
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٢ J١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬ K٤
K K٥
 K K٦
K‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٧
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(Wh) ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K(Wsand)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
KE γ Sand F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
WSand
KE V = γ Sand F‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
 

 K‫א‬WE٢٢ J١٢F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Wh
γ h = W‫א‬‫א‬ •
v
γ
γ d = h
W‫א‬‫א‬ •
( w + 1)
γ d ( field )
RC (%) = × 100 W‫א‬ •
γ d − max( lab )
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٣ J١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬      ‫א‬      
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 K‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 K‫א‬ K٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
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  

  
 K‫א‬WE٢٣ J١٢F