Questions & Answers On Basic Materials & Transformer Construction

Transformers Questions for Campus Interviews about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Transformers Questions for

Campus Interviews
by Manish
6-8 minutes
This set of Transformers Questions and Answers for

Campus interviews focuses on “Basic Materials Used in
Transformer Parts”.
1. The majority of power transformers in use throughout the

world are oil filled using a mineral oil.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In majority power transformers dielectric
material used is the oil, which serves the dual purpose of
providing insulation and as a cooling medium to conduct
away the losses which are produced in the transformer in
the form of heat.
2. Dielectric mineral oil is used in ____________

a) Small transformers
b) Medium transformers
c) Large transformers
1 of 7 3/19/18, 7:40 AM
d) In all transformers
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Because of the fire hazard associated with
mineral oil, it has been the practice to use designs for
smaller transformers which do not contain oil. It is usual,
therefore, to locate transformers with mineral oil, out of
doors where a fire is more easily dealt with and
consequentially the risks are fewer.
3. The purpose of the transformer core is to provide

____________
a) High reluctance path
b) Low reluctance path
c) High inductive path
d) High capacitive path
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The purpose of a transformer core is to
provide a low-reluctance path for the magnetic flux linking
primary and secondary windings. In doing so, the core
experiences iron losses due to hysteresis and eddy currents
flowing within it which, in turn, show themselves as heating
of the core material.
4. Transformer core is designed to reduce

______________
a) Hysteresis loss
b) Eddy current loss
c) Hysteresis loss and Eddy current loss
2 of 7 3/19/18, 7:40 AM
d) Cannot be determined
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Hysteresis loss and eddy current loss are the
losses which take place in core of the transformer thus they
are also termed as core losses. While other losses take
place in winding or in air gap which can’t be dealt with core
design.
5. Transformers windings are generally made of

__________
a) Steel
b) Iron
c) Copper
d) Steel iron alloy
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In order to avoid losses due to loading current,
winding materials must be chosen wisely. Winding
conductors are thus made of copper or more precisely
saying they are made of high conductivity copper by some
industrial processes.
6. Before using oil in transformers, insulation material was

_________
a) Asbestos
b) Cotton
c) Low grade pressboard in air
d) Kraft paper
View Answer
3 of 7 3/19/18, 7:40 AM
Answer: d
Explanation: At the time of discovery of transformer, people
were using asbestos, cotton, low grade pressboard in air for
insulation purpose. Further, Kraft paper was invented which
became much popular insulation material.
7. Which transformer insulation material is best compare to

Kraft paper?
a) Oil
b) Asbestos
c) Low grade pressboard
d) Cotton
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Newly developed oil-filled transformers have
capabilities much greater than those transformers which
used Kraft paper as dielectric material. Also, electrical
properties of Kraft paper depend on physical and chemical
properties of paper.
8. Which of the following is not the property of oil that

should be fulfilled before using in transformer?
a) Low viscosity
b) High flash point
c) Low electrical strength
d) High chemical stability
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: There are various important parameters that
oil must follow for its use in oil cooled transformer. These
4 of 7 3/19/18, 7:40 AM
parameters include low viscosity, high stability, high flash

point, high electrical strength, low pour point.
9. Transformer ratings are given in _____________

a) kW
b) kVAR
c) HP
d) kVA
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: There are two types of losses in a transformer,
Copper Losses and Iron Losses or Core Losses or
Insulation Losses. Copper losses (I2R) depends on current
passing through transformer winding while Iron losses or
Core Losses or Insulation Losses depends on Voltage.
That’s why the rating of Transformer is in kVA.
10. Function of transformer is to _________________

a) Convert AC to DC
b) Convert DC to AC
c) Step down or up the DC voltages and currents
d) Step down or up the AC voltages and currents
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: A Transformer does not work on DC and
operates only on AC, therefore it Step up of Step down the
level of AC Voltage or Current, by keeping frequency of the
supply unaltered on the secondary side.
11. What is the dielectric strength of a transformer oil?

a) 1 kV
5 of 7 3/19/18, 7:40 AM
b) 35 kV
c) 100 kV
d) 330 kV
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: For mineral oil, an accepted minimum
dielectric strength is 30 kV for transformers with a high-
voltage rating of 230 kV and above and 27 kV for
transformers with a high-voltage rating below 230 kV. New
oil should pass the condition of a minimum dielectric
strength of 35 kV by ASTM methods of testing.
12. Which of the following is not a part of transformer

installation?
a) Conservator
b) Breather
c) Buchholz relay
d) Exciter
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Conservator, breather, Buchholz relay are the
parts which are much important in transformer construction
in order to maintain temperature of the transformer and to
work transformer with good efficiency.
13. The insulating material that can withstand the highest

temperature safely is _______________
a) Cellulose
b) Asbestos
c) Mica
6 of 7 3/19/18, 7:40 AM
d) Glass fibre
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Mica is extremely stable when it is exposed to
moisture and extreme temperatures to maintain superior
electrical properties as an insulator. The mechanical
properties of mica allow it to be cut, punched, stamped and
machined to close tolerances along with maintenance of a
high thermal conductivity.
14. The part of a transformer which is visible from outside

_______________
a) Bushings
b) Core
c) Primary winding
d) Secondary winding
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Core, primary winding, secondary winding of a
transformer are generally kept in closed container filled with
an oil so that, oil acts as a coolant and provides electrical
neutrality also. Thus, only bushings are visible from outside.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

Transformers.
To practice all areas of Transformers for Campus

Interviews, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice
Questions and Answers.
7 of 7 3/19/18, 7:40 AM
Core Transformer Construction Questions and ... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
sanfoundry.com
Core Transformer Construction

Questions and Answers
by Manish
7-8 minutes
This set of Transformers Multiple Choice Questions &

Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Transformer Construction
(Core)”.
1. Transformer core is generally made of ___________

a) Single block of core material
b) By stacking large number of sheets together
c) Can be made with any of the above method
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Transformer core experiences eddy current
losses when transformer is in the operations. In order to
reduce eddy current losses, it is advisable to use large
number of sheets laminated from each other are stick
together than using one single block.
2. Transformer core is constructed for ______________

a) Providing least effective magnetic linkage between two
windings
1 of 7 3/19/18, 7:40 AM
b) Providing isolation between magnetic linkages of one coil

from another
c) Providing most effective magnetic linkage between two
windings
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Transformer core is so chosen that it will
provide low reluctance path and will transfer maximum
amount of flux from one winding to other, providing most
effective magnetic linkage between two windings.
3. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

a) High frequency power supplies are light weight
b) Transformer size gets reduced at high frequency
c) Transformer size is more at higher frequency
d) High frequency power supplies are light weight and
transformer size gets reduced at high frequency
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: From the induced emf equation of transformer
emf is given by E ∝ φf. For same emf, φf = constant φ1f1 =
φ2f2 i.e. B1A1f1 = B2A2f2. For constant flux density B1 = B2.
A1f1 = A2f2. For high frequency f2 > f1, A2 < A1. Thus, at
high frequencies transformer size get reduced and also light
weight.
4. Transformer operating at 25-400 Hz frequency contain

core made of _____________
a) Highly permeable iron
2 of 7 3/19/18, 7:40 AM
b) Steel alloy
c) Air core
d) Highly permeable iron and Steel alloy
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: When core is made of highly permeable iron or
steel alloy (cold-rolled, grain oriented sheet steel). This
transformer is generally called an iron-core transformer.
Transformers operated from 25–400 Hz are invariably of
iron-core construction.
5. In various radio devices and testing instruments we use

______________
a) Iron core transformer
b) Air core transformer
c) W/O core transformer
d) Any transformer can be used
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In special cases, the magnetic circuit linking
the windings may be made of nonmagnetic material, in
which case the transformer is referred to as an air-core
transformer. The air-core transformer is of interest mainly in
radio devices and in certain types of measuring and testing
instruments.
6. Which type of flux does transformer action need?

a) Constant magnetic flux
b) Increasing magnetic flux
c) Alternating magnetic lux
3 of 7 3/19/18, 7:40 AM
d) Alternating electric flux

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The energy transfer in a transformer, is from
one winding to another, entirely through magnetic medium it
is known as transformer action. Therefore, transformer
action requires an alternating or time varying magnetic flux
in order to transfer power from primary side to secondary
side. Since induced emf in the winding is due to flux
linkage.
7. Different core construction is required for core type and

shell type transformer.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In the “closed-core” type transformer, the
primary and secondary windings are wound outside and
surround the core ring. In the “shell type” transformer, the
primary and secondary windings pass inside the steel
magnetic circuit (core) which forms a shell around the
windings.
8. There is only one magnetic flux path in the circuit. The

transformer is definitely ________________
a) Core type
b) Shell type
c) Can be any of the above
d) Depends on other parameters
4 of 7 3/19/18, 7:40 AM
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In core type transformer, winding is placed on
two core limbs, while in case of shell type transformer,
winding is placed on mid arm of the core. Other limbs will
be used as mechanical support. Core type transformers
have only one magnetic flux path.
9. Which of the following is correct statement?

a) Core type transformer has more output than shell type
b) Core type transformer has higher efficiency compare to
shell type
c) Core type transformer has lower efficiency than shell type
d) Can’t predict
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In core type winding is surrounded with
considerable part of core whereas in shell type core is
surrounded with considerable part of winding of
transformer. In core type output is less, because of losses.
In shell type transformer output is high because of less loss,
thus efficiency will be more in case of shell transformer.
10. Core type transformer is with ____________________

a) Large size
b) Small size
c) High voltage
d) Everywhere
View Answer
Answer: a
5 of 7 3/19/18, 7:40 AM
Explanation: Core type is very useful when we need large

size of the transformer with operation at low voltage. While
shell type transformer is very useful when we need small
size high voltage. Cooling is more in core type.
11. Which of the following is the correct statement?

a) Shell type has more mechanical protection
b) Cooling is more in shell type
c) In core type sandwiched wiring is used
d) In core type concentric winding is used
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Shell type has less mechanical protection to
coil while Core type has better mechanical protection to coil.
Core type is easy to repair and maintain. In core type
transformer concentric cylindrical winding are used. In shell
type transformer sandwiched winding are used.
12. What is the purpose of providing an iron core in a

transformer?
a) Provide support to windings
b) Reduce hysteresis loss
c) Decrease the reluctance of the magnetic path
d) Reduce eddy current losses
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Iron core is used in a transformer to carry flux
from one winding to another winding, so there should be
minimum opposition to flux passing through iron core.
Hence, transformer function is to decrease the reluctance of
6 of 7 3/19/18, 7:40 AM
magnetic path.
13. What is the thickness of laminations used in a

transformer?
a) 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm
b) 4 mm to 5 mm
c) 14 mm to 15 mm
d) 25 mm to 40 mm
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Laminations are made to reduce the eddy
currents and is made of thin strips. Generally, the steel
transformer lamination range for 50 Hz varies from 0.25mm
to 0.5mm, if it is a 60 Hz transformer then it ranges from
0.17–0.27mm.

Transformers.
To practice all areas of Transformers, here is complete set

of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
7 of 7 3/19/18, 7:40 AM
Winding Transformer Construction Questions a... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Winding Transformer
Construction Questions and
Answers
by Manish
5-7 minutes
This set of Transformers Multiple Choice Questions &

Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Transformer Construction
(Winding)”.
1. In the transformer which of the following winding has got

more cross-sectional area?
a) Copper winding
b) Steel winding
c) Aluminium winding
d) Iron winding
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The wire used for carrying current in a
transformer winding is either copper or aluminium. While
aluminium wire is lighter and less expensive than copper
wire, a larger cross-sectional area of conductor must be
used to carry the same amount of current as with copper.
2. Primary winding of a transformer ______________
1 of 6 3/19/18, 7:40 AM
a) Is always a high voltage winding

b) Is always a low voltage winding
c) Could either be a low voltage or high voltage winding
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Primary winding used in a transformer, can be
at higher or lower voltage potential, depending on the
number of turns with secondary winding. For step up and
step-down transformers primary winding will be at lower and
higher potential respectively.
3. Which winding has more number of turns?

a) Low voltage winding
b) High voltage winding
c) Primary winding
d) Secondary winding
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: High voltage winding always has a large
number of turns, as voltage is directly proportional to the
number of turns. If large numbered winding is present on
primary side then the transformer is step down transformer.
4. Part of the transformer which undergoes most damage

from overheating is ___________
a) Iron core
b) Copper winding
c) Winding insulation
d) Frame or case
2 of 6 3/19/18, 7:40 AM
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Copper windings carry current through them.
The heat loss producing in any winding carrying current is
proportional to the square of the current passing through it
multiplied with resistance. For large transformers, current is
very high, so heating causes most of the damage to
insulation material.
5. If a transformer is continuously operated the maximum

temperature rise will occur in ___________
a) Core
b) Windings
c) Tank
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Copper windings carry currents in a
transformer. The loss in form of heat in copper winding
carrying current is proportional to the square of the current
passing through them multiplied by the resistance of the
winding. This loss is dissipated in heat and corresponding
temperature rise.
6. If secondary number of turns are higher then, transformer

is called _________
a) Step-down
b) Step-up
c) One-one
d) Autotransformer
3 of 6 3/19/18, 7:40 AM
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: When secondary number of turns are higher
compare to primary, voltage induced in secondary windings
will obviously high. Thus, this transformer is used for
stepping up the output voltage by keeping frequency
constant.
7. If primary number of turns are higher then, transformer is

called _________
a) Step-down
b) Step-up
c) One-one
d) Autotransformer
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When primary number of turns are higher
compare to secondary, voltage induced in secondary
windings will obviously low compare to primary. Thus, this
transformer is used for stepping down the output voltage by
keeping frequency constant.
8. If a transformer is having equal number of turns at

primary and secondary then transformer is called as
_______________
a) Step-down
b) Step-up
c) One-one
d) Autotransformer
View Answer
4 of 6 3/19/18, 7:40 AM
Answer: c
Explanation: A transformer is having equal number of turns
at primary and secondary then transformer is called as one-
one transformer. This transformer have turns ratio equal to
1, so is the voltage ratio for the one-one transformer.
9. One to one transformers are used because

______________
a) To isolate any part of circuit electrically
b) To get more voltage at secondary
c) To get less voltage at secondary
d) To reduce losses, present in circuit
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In one to one transformers, we have same
number of turns in primary and in secondary. So,
increasing/ reducing voltage is not possible. They are
generally used to isolate one part of circuit from another
part of circuit, electrically.
10. Same type and kind of insulations are not used in all
types of transformers.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The windings of huge power transformers use
conductors with heavier insulation and are assembled with
greater mechanical support and the winding layers are
insulated from each other, this is known as minor insulation
5 of 6 3/19/18, 7:40 AM
for which pressed board or varnished cloth is used. While

for major insulation and insulating cylinders, they are made
of specially selected pressed board or synthetic resin
bounded cylinders, is used between LV and core and LV
and HV.
11. Sandwiched type of winding is used in ____________

a) In all transformers
b) In core type transformers
c) In shell type transformers
d) In all transformers except shell and core type
transformers
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: According to the construction of transformers
core type transformers don’t require sandwiched wiring.
While, in the shell type transformer, the primary and
secondary windings pass inside the steel magnetic circuit
(core) which forms a shell around the winding.

Transformers.
To practice all areas of Transformers, here is complete set

of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
6 of 6 3/19/18, 7:40 AM

Questions & Answers On Basic Materials & Transformer Construction

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Transformers Questions for Campus Interviews about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...

Transformers Questions for

This set of Transformers Questions and Answers for

1. The majority of power transformers in use throughout the

2. Dielectric mineral oil is used in ____________

3. The purpose of the transformer core is to provide

4. Transformer core is designed to reduce

5. Transformers windings are generally made of

6. Before using oil in transformers, insulation material was

7. Which transformer insulation material is best compare to

8. Which of the following is not the property of oil that

parameters include low viscosity, high stability, high flash

9. Transformer ratings are given in _____________

10. Function of transformer is to _________________

11. What is the dielectric strength of a transformer oil?

12. Which of the following is not a part of transformer

13. The insulating material that can withstand the highest

14. The part of a transformer which is visible from outside

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

To practice all areas of Transformers for Campus

Core Transformer Construction

This set of Transformers Multiple Choice Questions &

1. Transformer core is generally made of ___________

2. Transformer core is constructed for ______________

b) Providing isolation between magnetic linkages of one coil

3. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

4. Transformer operating at 25-400 Hz frequency contain

5. In various radio devices and testing instruments we use

6. Which type of flux does transformer action need?

d) Alternating electric flux

7. Different core construction is required for core type and

8. There is only one magnetic flux path in the circuit. The

9. Which of the following is correct statement?

10. Core type transformer is with ____________________

Explanation: Core type is very useful when we need large

11. Which of the following is the correct statement?

12. What is the purpose of providing an iron core in a

13. What is the thickness of laminations used in a

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

To practice all areas of Transformers, here is complete set

This set of Transformers Multiple Choice Questions &

1. In the transformer which of the following winding has got

2. Primary winding of a transformer ______________

a) Is always a high voltage winding

3. Which winding has more number of turns?

4. Part of the transformer which undergoes most damage

5. If a transformer is continuously operated the maximum

6. If secondary number of turns are higher then, transformer

7. If primary number of turns are higher then, transformer is

8. If a transformer is having equal number of turns at

9. One to one transformers are used because

for which pressed board or varnished cloth is used. While

11. Sandwiched type of winding is used in ____________

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

To practice all areas of Transformers, here is complete set

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