Name. Title: Making Molecules Introduction: Matter is made of particles too small to see called atoms. Scientists have developed the atomic theory to explain how matter is formed and behaves. There are only 92 naturally found kinds of atoms. There are a lot more kinds of matter that this! So how does that happen? Fortunately, atoms come together to form molecules, which is what most of matter is made of. In this, activity you will make models of some common types of molecules. Materials: paper, colored pencils or crayons, Procedure: 1. Make a key for the color of each type of atom you will use. Color the circle next to the atom to show what color you will use (Na) Sodium oO (C) Carbon @ (H) Hydrogen ee (Cl) Chlorine O (©) Oxygen oO (Mg) Magnesium @) (s) Sur C) 2. The letters in front of the atoms is a symbol that is used to stand for it. They are used to describe what atoms are in a molecule and a number behind them tells how many of each atom is ina molecule. The formula H20 shows that water is made of 2 hydrogen atoms bonded to 1 oxygen atom. It would be modeled like this: water 3. Use a round object like a coin to make circles for the atoms of each of the formulas listed below. Write the letter or letters of the atoms inside them. Color them the correct color and make sure you put the name of the molecule above it.4. Draw these molecules: A. Sodium Chloride (salt) B. Chlorine gas C. Ozone D. Hydrochloric acid E. Carbon dioxide F. Sulfur dioxide G. Oxygen H. Magnesium chloride |. Carbon tetrachloride H. Sodium hydroxide Data: (drawings) Analysis: NaCl cl Os HCI CO, SO, Oz MgCl, CC NaOH 1. Which is larger, an atom or a molecule? 2. Why? 3. How are oxygen and ozone alike? 4, How are oxygen and ozone different? 5, Salt (NaCl) is made of sodium, a gray metal, and chlorine, a yellow gas, What can you conclude about what happens to atoms when they form molecules? Conclusion:ATOMS AND MOLECULES WHAT DO ail, waTer, AND rOCKS Have in Common? THey are ALL MaDe LP OF ATOMS! ‘Atoms are the building blocks For all matter. Every substance in the world can be broken down into smaller and smaller pieces until all you have left is one atom, An atom is the smallest particle of an element that still has the same properties as that element. Atoms are very small. The length of just one atom is less than one-billionth of a meter! IF that is hard to imagine, think OF this: TRILLIONS of atoms would fit inside the period at the end Of this sentence. Scientists have discovered many different kinds of atoms - From hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms, neon atoms to gold atoms, and sodium atoms to helium atoms. Each of these specific types of atoms are known as elements, The Periodic Table of Elements shows all 118 types of atoms that have been discovered. Look at the table below. Do you see any elements you recognize? 7 The Periodic Table of the Elements Be 3 Bin | Fe | Co ce Zn | Ga Ge | as! Se megueeian fae kasor jaw ics fegatelinne 3 a ee ae EA Rb | Sr | ¥ | 2r Nb Me! Te Ru Rh Pa Ag" ca in | . 8 a aaa eat a | be HF Te W Re | Os ie Pe Ae Hg Tl Pe) Bi ico ee mp lane fe: Ln esr fm ft ees oa Se eee) ee 7a Ac BE Db Sg Bh | Hs | Mt un Gun) air noble wen fermuinlosnin racine lanwm \uarentunrenrl gases *thelarthaniiand acai sees re 00% soeBut wait! Can you think of any substances that exist that aren't Found of the Periodic Table of Elements? Water is a pretty important part of our survival on Earth, but it is missing From the table. If water is not an element, then what is it made of? Most substances are made when the right combination of atoms come together to form something new. For example, many oxygen atoms combine to create the oxygen that we breath, but when an oxygen atom combines with two hydrogen atoms, it creates anew substance we call water! H,O! 5 + _ bySiegen HpeTEen Hydrogen Hyeragen The oxygen atom is still oxygen and the hydrogen atoms are still hydrogen, but when these atoms combine together in those quantities, they Form a water molecule. A molecule is Formed when different kinds and amounts of atoms bond together. Just like how the 26 letters of the alphabet can create millions of different words, 118 elements can combine in different ways to create millions of different molecules, Atoms are really just one part of @ larger system, Atoms combine to make molecules, moiecuies combine to make all types of substances, all types of substances combine to make our Earth, and Finally, this combines to make everything in the Universe! All of this is just thanks to atoms!physical Science Assessment Probes iad LS is it Made of Molecules? Putan X next to the things on the list that are made up of one or more molecules. bread DNA 1 __, protons __— cell membrane 2 water —_- doud S__ atomic mucleus __. oil _—— brain cell = ____ worm 5 milk protein : eee —— sugar + atom __ flower tL seed __. chromosome —__ blood oe leaf — air ___ mushroom + skin electrons. _ cell nucleus _ fruit {Explain your thinking. Describe the “rule” or reasoning you used to decide if some- 1 thing was made of molecules. Uncovering Student Ideas in Science 85