CHE502: REACTION ENGINEERING 1

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
MEOR MUHAMMAD HAFIZ BIN SHAH BUDDIN

meorhafiz7767@uitm.edu.my

Menara 1, Aras 18

CHE502: Reaction Engineering 1 1

COURSE OUTCOME

Upon completion of this course, students are

expected to be able to:

1. Explain the principle of chemical

reaction kinetics

2. Apply basic design equations of

chemical reactors applicable for
isothermal and ideal condition

3. Evaluate the design problems related to

reactor system

Main reference: Fogler, H.S. (2006)

Elements of chemical reaction
engineering 4th Edition. New Jersey:
Prentice Hall

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INTRODUCTION

Reaction engineering is the discipline

that quantifies the interactions of
transport phenomena and reaction
kinetics in relating reactor
performance to operating conditions
and feed variables.

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LECTURE OUTLINE

1.0 INTRODUCTION &

CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMICAL
REACTION

2.0 REACTION RATES

3.0 TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT

TERM OF RATE EQUATION

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1.0 INTRODUCTION &
CLASSIFICATION OF
CHEMICAL REACTION

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CHEMICAL REACTIONS
• A process in which at least one new substance
is produced as a result of chemical change

• It causes a chemical species to lost its identity

thus, forming another new chemical species
due to change in the kind/number of atoms in
the compound or by atom’s configuration
change

• Identity of chemical species: (i)kind, (ii)number

and (iii)configurations

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CHEMICAL REACTIONS
• Example:

Mass can neither be created

nor destroyed!

• Identifying reactions occurrence via:

COLOR

FORMATION OF SOLID/PRECIPITATE

EVIDENCE OF GAS

HEAT
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CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Identity losing of a chemical species:

1. Decomposition - molecules are broken down into smaller

molecules/atoms

2. Combination - molecules/atoms combine with other

molecules/atoms

3. Isomerization - change in configurations, not involving any

addition/brake down of molecules

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CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Types of chemical reactions:

Decomposition

Combination

Combustion

Displacement

Metathesis
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CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Homogeneous & Heterogeneous Reactions

• reaction that take place in one phase alone.

Homogeneous i.e. reaction between 2 gases, 2 liquids, 2
solids

• reaction that requires the presence of at

least 2 phases (or more) to proceed at
Heterogeneous certain reaction rate. i.e. reaction between
gas and liquid, gas and solid, liquid and solid

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CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Homogeneous & Heterogeneous Reactions

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2.0 REACTION RATES

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REACTION RATES (-rA)
Introduction

 The rate of a reaction can be expressed as the rate of disappearance of

a reactant or as the rate of appearance of a product

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REACTION RATES(-rA)
Introduction

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REACTION RATES(-rA)
Introduction

Consider the reaction: A P

 rA is the rate of formation of species A per unit volume. It is the
number of moles of species A generated per unit volume per unit
time.
 rA  kC A
 rA is a function of concentration, temperature, pressure(for gas),
and the type of catalyst (if any)

 rA is independent of the type of reaction system (batch, plug flow,

etc.)

 rA can be also be function of position and can very from point to

point
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REACTION RATES(-rA)
Example

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POWER LAW MODEL
 Rate law is the product of concentration of the individual reacting
species, which is raised to a power according to their stoichiometry

 For reaction:

 Information on the order of reactions can be obtained

 Unit of –rA will always be constant (concentration per unit time), but
not k (dependent on the order of reaction)

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POWER LAW MODEL
Unit of k depends on the reaction order

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POWER LAW MODEL
Unit of k depends on the reaction order

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ELEMENTARY RATE LAW

 Specifically for the reactions that are elementary (a single step

reaction), eg:

 The stoichiometric coefficient is identical to the powers in the rate

law. As for the reaction above, the rate law will be:

However, some non elementary reactions follow Elementary Rate Law.

eg:

where the rate law is?

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NON ELEMENTARY RATE LAW

 Reactions (either homogenous/heterogeneous) that did not follow

simple rate law, eg:

 The stoichiometric coefficient is NOT identical to the powers in the

rate law. As for the reaction above, the rate law is:

 Characteristics:
(i) No direct correspondence between stoichiometry and rate
(ii) The reactions always involve intermediate and multiple reactions

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RELATIVE REACTION RATES
Using stoichiometry;

aA  bB  cC  dD

b c d
A B  C  D
a a a
Relatively, every mole of A
consumed, c/a mole of C formed

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RELATIVE REACTION RATES
Example:

 Relative rates of reactions:

 If 4 mole/m3.s of C formed, the rate of formation of B will be:

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RELATIVE REACTION RATES
Example:

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EXERCISE ON RATE LAW

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EXERCISE ON RATE LAW

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3.0 TEMPERATURE
DEPENDENT TERM OF
RATE EQUATION

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TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT TERM
OF RATE EQUATION

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TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT TERM
OF RATE EQUATION
Arrhenius law

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ARRHENIUS LAW
Relating 2 different temperatures

 Algebraic equation that relates –rA to the species concentration

 Written as product of reaction rate constant, k and the concentration

of the species involved in the reaction

 It is independent of the type of reactor

 Temperature dependent k, where the E can be related at 2 different

temperature

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ARRHENIUS LAW
Relating 2 different temperatures

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ARRHENIUS LAW

Example:

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ARRHENIUS LAW
Graphical

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THANK YOU

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