CHRONOLOGY OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS 1290 Khilji dynasty founded by Jalauddin Khilji

1296-1316 Reign of Alauddin Khilji (addd Aai Darwaz to Qutub Minor)

2800-2000 Harappan culture 1302-1311 Malik Kafur’s campaign in south Inida
From 1500 Advent of Aryans and beginning of Vedic Age 1320 Tughiaq dynasty by Ghiyasuddin (Thuglaqabad)
1200-800 Expansion of the Aryans in Ganga Valley. 1325-1351 Rule of Tughlaq; Ibn Batuta; Under his rule, Bengal breaks
600 Age of the 16 Mahajanapadas of north India away from Delhi in 1338 and remains free till 1538.
563-483 Gautama Buddha (29,35,80) 1336 Foundation of the Vijayanagar kingdon
540-468 Mahavira (30,43,72) 1347 Foundation of the Bahmani kingdom
542-493 Bimbisara rules Magadha 1351-1388 Reign of Firoz Shah Tughlaq
493-461 Ajatshatru rules Magadha 1398 Timur’s invasion
413-362 Shishunaga dynasty 1414-1451 Reign of the Sayyid dynasty
362-321 Nanda dynasty (first non-ksatriya rulers) 1451-1526 Reign of the Lodi dynasty
327-326 Alexander’s invasion 1440-1518 Kabir
321 Chandragupta Maurya founds the Mauyan 1469-1539 Nanak
empire (visit of Megasthenes to India in 315) 1482-1518 Dissolution of the Bahmani into 5 new kingdoms -Bijapur,
268-232 Ashok’a reign Golconda, Ahmednagar, Bidar & Berar
185 Fall of the Mauryan Empire 1498 Vasco-de-Gama arrived in India at Calicut
2nd century Bactrian rule in the north-west (Sialkot) 1509-1530 Reign of Krishnadevaraya
1st century Shakas in western India 1526 1st Battle of Panipat, Babar defeats Ibrahim Lodi and
58 Beginning of the Vikram era Mughal empire founded in India.
1st century Rise of Satavahanas 1527 Battle of Khanwa, Babar defeats Rana Sanga
1st century AD Sangam period in the deep south 1530 Humayun’s accession and Babar’s death.
78 Kanishka’s accession (Kashmir and Mathura) and 1539 Sher Shah/Khan defeats Humayun at Chausa and at
the beginning of the Shaka.era Kanouj and succeded him (died in1545)
3rd century Decline of the Kushanas 1555 Reconquest of India by Humayun
3rd century(194) Decline of the Satavahanas 1556 Akbar’s accession and death of Humayn;
319-320 Accession of Chandragupta l and establishmt 2nd Battle of Panipat, Akbar defeats Hemu
of the Gupta dynasty (Prayag and Ujjain) 1565 Battle of Talikota; Muhammadan Quli Qutub Shah
335-375 Samudragupta 1568-1595 Akbar captures Chittor, Ranth-ambor, Gujarat, Bengal,
375-415 Chandragupta II (Visit of Fa-Hien,405-11) Kashmir, Sind, Orissa, central India etc.
450 The first Huna attack on the Gupta empire 1600 Queen Elizabeth grants Charter to the East India
560-903 The Pallavas establish their kingdom Company to trade with the east
543-755 The rise of Chalukyas of Vatapi or Badami 1605 Jahangir first Dutch factory in india at Masulipatnam,
606-647 Reign of Harsha (Hieun Tsang,630-43) 1611 English factory in the south at Masulipatnam, followed by
609-642 Reign of Pulakesin II, the Chalukya king Madras in 1639, Bombay in 1668 and Calcutta in 1698.
622 Beginning of the Hijri era 1616 Sir Thomas Roe received by Jahangir
712 Arab Conquest of Sind 1628 Shah Jahan proclaimed Emperor
750 Pala dynasty by Gopala in eastern India 1630 Annexation of Ahmedngar.
(Pataliputhra); Vajrayana; Borobudur in Java 1658 Aurangzeb’s accession; all English settlements in Eastern
753 Rise of the Rashtrakuta empire India placed under Fort St. George.
800 Shankaracharya 1674 Shivaji assumes royal title
836 Rise of the Pratiharas under Bhoja 1680 Death of Shivaji
907 Parantaka I establishes Chola power in the south. 1686 Annexation of Golconda; English war on Mughals
973-1190 Foundation of the later Chalukyan kingdom 1698 British acquired the zamindari of three villages – Sutanati,
(Vikramaditya 4,1076-1126 AD). Kalikata and Govindpur where it built Fort William.
985-1014 Reign of Rajaraja Chola 1707 Death of Aurangzeb; Bahadur Shah(1707-12)
1000-1027 Invasions of Mahmud of Ghazni for plunder 1717 Farrukh Siyar grants firman to the English Company
1030 Alberuni in India. exempting their trade in Bengal from duties. Murshid Quli
1020-1060 Rajaraja Narendra; Nannaya (followed by Tikkana Khan was made the Governor of Bengal
in the 13th century) 1724 Foundation of HYD state by Nizam-ul-Mulk.
1150 Rise of Kakatiyas under Prola, Rudra Deva (1158- 1739 Nadir Shah, Alivardi Khan, Safdar Jung, Karikal
95) and Ganapatideva(1198-1262) 1744-1748 1st Anglo-French Camatic War
1191 1st Battle of Tarain 1748-1754 2nd Anglo-French Carnatic War
1192 2nd battle of Tarain, defeat of Prithviraj III by 1748-1761 Invasions of Ahmad Shah Abdali
Mubammad of Ghori 1756-1763 3rd Anglo French Carnatic War.
1206 Qutabuddin Aibak founds the Slave dynasty 1757 Battle of Plassey; British gained the right to free trade in
following the death of Muhammad of Ghori Bihar, Bengal and Orissa, and zamindari of 24 Paraganas.
1210 Accession of IItutmish (Qutub Minor finished) 1760 Battle of Wandiwash. French lost their political authority
1236 Accession of Raziya in India; Mir Jafar was replaced by Mir Qasim.
1265-1285 Reign of Balban 1761 3rd Battle of Panipat, Abdali defeats Marathas;
1288-1295 Marco Pole visits south India (Rudramadevi) 1764-1765 Battle of Buxar, British got the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar,
1289-1323 Pratap Rudra Deva (captured by Tuglaq) Orissa. Dual Govt introduced in Bengal.
 1905 July 19 Partition of Bengal announced despite protests.
1767-1769 1st Anglo-Mysore War, Treaty of Madras (Clive)
Aug 7 Swadeshi Movt formally launched at Town Hall.
1772 End of dual govt in Bengal. The Company starts
Oct 16 Partition of Bengal took effect, a day of mourning;
direct administration of Bengal. Warren Hastings;
1906 Legislative Councils reforms (Minto-Morely) became
birth of Rammohan Roy; death of Madhav Rao
known; Muslim League formed at Dacca; the INC
1773 The Regulating Act
(Calcutta session) declared Swaraj as its goal.
1775-1782 1st Anglo-Maratha war, Treaty of Salbai
1907 Surat Split.
1780-1784 2nd Anglo-Mysore war, Treaty of Mangalore
1909 Morley-Minto reforms
1784 Pitt’s India Act; Asiatic Society of Bengal
1911 King George V visits India. The capital is transferred from
1790-92 3rd Anglo-Mysore war, Treaty of Srirangapatnam
Calcutta to Delhi & Partition of Bengal annulled
1793 Cornwallis Code and Permanent Settlement;
1914 Outbreak of World War I; Komagata Maru; Tilak released
1798-1805 Wellesley is Governor General of Bengal
1915 Gandhi to India; Ghadar Party’s date of armed revolt in
1799 4th Anglo Mysore War; Death of Tipu Sultan; Ranjit
Panjab; Defence of india Act; Hindu Mahasabha; death of
Singh captures Lahore and later, Amritsar
Pherozeshah Mehta and reunion of INC factions decided.
1801 Madras Presidency by merging the Carnatic with the
1916 Home Rule leagues in April by Tilak & in Sep by Besant;
territories seized from Mysore
Congress-League pact and reunion of INC factions at
1803-1805 2nd Anglo-Maratha war – Peshwa, Sindhia and
INC, Lacknow; Sabarmati Ashram at Ahmadabad;
Bhonsle become subsidiary allies; Holker and the
Banaras Hindu University at Varanasi
British sign the treaty of Raighat
1917, April Gandhi launches Champaran campaign in Bihar.
1813 Charter Act, end of Company’s trade monopoly & a
June Annie Besant arrested;
new phase of economic relations with Britain
Aug Montague announces gradual introduction of self-
1814-1816 Anglo-Nepal war; Atmiya Sabha(1815) by Roy.
governing institutions in India (not time-bound).
1817-18 3rd Anglo-Maratha war, Bombay Presidency;
Sep Annie Besant released and elected president of INC
1817 Paika Rebellion in Odisha led by Bakshi Jagbandu
1918 Montague-Chelmsford reforms announced in July and
1828 Brahma Samaj in Bengal; William Bentic
condemned by INC at its Bombay special session in Aug;
1829 Prohibition of sati by Bentinck.
Ahmadabad Mill Strike & Kheda Satyagraha; Trade union
1833 Renewal of the company’s charter and abolition of its
movt begins in india; All India Depressed Classes League;
trading rights; death of Rammohan Roy.
1919, Feb Satyagraha Sabha to disobey Rowlatt Act
1839 Subsidiary Treaty with the Amirs of Sind; Afghan;
March Rowlatt Act passed; Khilafat Committee at Bombay
Death of Ranjit Sing; Tattvabodhini Sabha.
April 6 Call for all-India hartal against Rowlatt Bills
1843 British annex Sind; Debendranath joins Br Samaj
April 9 Deportation of Dr. Satypal and Dr. Kitchiew.
1845-1846 2nd Anglo-Sikh war, Treaty of Lahore.
April 13 Jallianwala Bagh tragedy; Govt of India Act,1919.
1853 First Railway line from Bombay to Thana and First
April 18 Gandhi withdrew anti-Rowlatt movement.
telegraph line from Calcutta to Agra; Berar province
June Khilafat Committee accepted Gandhi’s suggestion on Non-
taken away from the Nizam.
Cooperation and asked him to lead the movt
1854 Wood’s dispatch on Indian education; first cotton
1920 AITUC; Aligarh Muslim University;
textile mill in Bombay; Nagpur & Jhansi annexed.
March Hunter Commission Report on Panjab atrocities.
1855-56 Santhal rebellion; first jute mill at Rishra;
May Dismemberment of Turkish empire.
1856 Annexation of Awadh; Widows Remarriage Act,
Aug 1 Non-Cooperation formally launched; death of Tilak and his
Religious Disabilities Act legalising conversion.
place was taken by Gandhi, C.R.Das and Motilal Nehru.
1857 A vast revolt. Universities founded at Bombay,
Sep INC at its Calcutta special session (Lajpat Roy) adopted
Calcutta and Madras.
Gandhi’s plan of Non-Cooperation with the govt.
1858 British govt. takes over indian administration. Queen
Dec INC (Nagpur) changed its goal to the Swaraj (not self
Victoria’s proclamation
govt) and ratified its earlier plan of Non-Cooperation
1861 Indian Councils Act; Civil and Criminal Code
through extra-constitutional mass action.
1865 Telegraphic communication with Europe; High
1921,Jan Non-Cooperation Movement practically begins with a
Courts set up at Calcutta, Madras & Bombay;
nationwide tour of Gandhi and Ali brothers
1866 East India Association; Keshub Chandra Sen
Dec INC (Ahmedabad) authorised Gandhi to start mass civil
1869 Opening of the Suez Canal
disobedience including non-payment of taxes.
1870 Poona Sarvajanika Sabha;
1922, Feb 1 Gandhi threatens to start mass civil disobedienc at Bardoli
1875 Arya Samaj at Bombay; Md. Anglo-Oriental Collage.
Feb 5 Violence at Chauri Chaura & Gandhi withdraws NCM
1876 Indian Association of Calcutta.
Feb 12 CWC (Bardoli resolution) ratifies Gandhi’s decision.
1877 Delhi Durbar, Queen of England > Empress of India;
Mar 10 Gandhi arrested (released Feb 1924).
1883 IIbert Bill; death of Dayananda.
Nov Sultan of Turkey deposed to make it secular (in 1924).
1884 Madras Mahajan Sabha
Dec Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party at INC (Gaya, C.R. Das)
1885 INC at Bombay; Bombay Presidency
1924 Attempt on the life of Calcutta Police Commissioner;
Association; Annexation of Burma
Hindustan Republican Association at Kanpur
1892 Indian Councils Act passed
1925 Death of C.R. Das; Communist Party of India at Kanpur;
1893 Gandhi to Durban; Besant to India; Vivekananda at
Vithallbhai Patel became Speaker; Kakori train robbery
Chicago; Tilak starts using Ganapati festivals;
1927,Nov Appointment of Simon Commission
1898 Central Hindu Collage; feelings of disaffection
Dec INC (Madras) decides to boycott the commission; All India
The years - 1897, 1899, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1912 States People’s Conference at Bombay;
witnessed various acts of revolutionary terrorism
1928,Feb All-India hartal against Simon; Bardoli Satyagraha.
Aug Nehru Report finalized by an all-party conference.
Sep HRA renamed as HRSA under Chandra 5 Azad
Nov death of Lajpat Rai due to lathi blows.
Dec Saunders’ murder; INC (Calcutta) approves the Nehru
Report, defeated Jinna’s proposals and decides to start
a CDM for Purna Swaraj if a constitution based on the
Dominion Status was not accepted by the year end.
1929, March Leading communists arrested in Meerut.
Apr Bomb on Central Assembly;
Sep Death of Jatin Das;
Oct British announcement of Dominion Status as its goal,
and a promise of RTC after Simon’s report
Dec INC,Lahore adopts the goal of Purna Swaraj and
authorized CWC to launch a CDM to achieve it.
1930,Feb 14 CWC authorises Gandhi to launch a CDM after his 11-
point ultimatum to Lord Irwin has been ignored.
March 12 Gandhi begins Dandi march to break salt law on Apr 6
Apr 18 Chittagong Armoury raid.
May Gandhi arrested; Simon’s report published.
Nov First RTC in London.
1931,Jan Gandhi and others released unconditionally.
Feb Chandra Shekar Azad killed in Allahabad.
March 5 Gandhi-Irwin Pact (or Delhi pact) and CDM suspended;
March 23 Execution of Bhagat Sing, Sukhdev and Rajguru
March 29 INC (Karachi) endorses Gandhi-Irwin pact; Resolution
on FRs and National Eco Programme.
Dec Nehru arrested; Second RTC; Gandhi returns to india
(Bombay) and the CWC decides to resume CDM.
1932, Jan Gandhi arrested and INC declared illegal again.
Aug R MacDonald announces communal award.
Sep 20 Gandhi’s onto death and the Poona Pact (Sep 24)
Oct Harijan Sewak Sangh
Nov Third RTC leading to the Govt of India Act,1935.
1933, Feb Surya Sen arrested and hanged in Jan 1934
May After his release, Gandhi temporarily suspended mass
civil disobedience and focused on his Harijan campaign
1934, May AICC withdraws CDM and decides to fight Central
Legislative Assembly elections in Nov,1934;
Oct Congress Socialist Party; Gandhi resigns from the INC;
1936 All-India Kisan Sabha formed. Nehru urges Lacknow
Congress to adopt socialism as its goal.
1937, July Congress ministries formed in provinces
1939, Jan-May Bose re-elected as President of INC, resigns after its
Tripuri session in March to form Forward Bloc within it.
Sep WW II begins & CWC at Wardha adopts Nehru’s
position and asks Britain to declare its war aims.
Oct Linlithgow’s statement - CWC at Wardha decides not
to support war and asks congress ministers to resign.
1940,March Muslim League adopts Pakistan resolution at Lahore,
while CWC at Ramgarh threatens to begin CDM as
soon as it is considered fit enough for the Congress.
Aug August Offer on the eve of the Battle of Britain.
Oct Congress rejects it and launches individual CDM –
Nehru, Vinous Bhavan and Brahma Dutch.
1941, March Bose escaped to Soviet;
June Germany attacks Soviet Union; Bose goes to Germany.
Dec Japan attacks Pearl Harbour;
1942, March Japan occupies Rangoon (Yangon)
March-April Cripps Mission visits India
Aug 8 AICC at Bombay passes Quit India Resolution
Aug 9 Gandhi and all Congress leaders arrested.
1943, Feb Gandhi starts a 10-day fast in jail to sustain the movt
March 23 Pakistan Day observed
July Bose came to Singapore where he was assisted by
Ras Bihari Bose
Oct Bose set up Provisional Govt of Free India
1944, March C.R.Formula
May 6 Gandhi released on medical grounds
July Bose sought Gandhi’s blesings
1945, May The end of war in Europe (surrender of Germany)
june Ban on Congress lifted and its leaders released to take
part in Simla Conference to discuss the Wavell Plan
July 26 Labour Government comes to power in Britain and
Attlee took over as new prime minister.
Sep Wavell announces elections to central and provincial
legislatures and the new provincial assemblies were to
elect a constituent assembly as per Cripps Offer.
Dec-Jan General Elections in India
1946, Feb Mutiny of naval ratings at Bombay and Karachi.
March A three-member Cabinet Mission comes to India to
announce its constitutional scheme on May 16.
June League and Congress accept the Cabinet plan.
July Elections in the provinces for CA; Nehru’s statement
and League’s withdrawal from the Cabinet Mission Plan
calling for Direct Action from Aug 16 to achiev Pakistan.
Aug 16 Violence breaks out between Hindus-Sikhs and
Muslims in Calcutta and Noakhali
Sep 2 Congress forms Interim Government with Nehru as the
vice-president. It was joined by Muslim League in Oct.
Dec 9 Constituent Assembly(CA) began its session,
1947, Feb 5-20 Congress demands removal of League members from
the Interim Government, while the League demanded
the dissolution of Constituent Assembly;
Feb 22 Attlee announces in British Parliament the decision to
quit India by June 30th 1948.
March Lord Mountbatten arrives as viceroy
March Congress high command votes for dividing the Punjab
and Bengal into Muslim and Hindu/Sikh majority halves.
June 3 Mountbatten announces transfer of power on Aug 15
based on the Dominion Status to two successor states.
July 16 Last meeting of the Interim Government.
July 18 India Independence Act passed & India is to be divided.
Aug 11 Jinnah is elected as the President of the Constitute
Assembly of Pakistan.
Aug 14 Pakistan Independence; celebration in Karachi
Aug 14-15 At midnight India celebrates Independence.
Mahatma Gandhi tours Noahkali in East Bengal to
restore communal harmony; Mountbatten was sworn
as the Governor General, who in turn swore Nehru as
the Prime Minister of free India.
Oct Accession of Kashmir to India.
1948, Jan Gandhi undertakes his last fast in Delhi.
Jan 30 Gandhi falls prey to Nathuram Godese’s bullets
June 20 C. Rajagopalachari is sworn in as the first Governor
General of Independent India.
1949,Nov 26 Constitution of India is ready and signed.
1950, Jan 26 The Constitution comes into force. India becomes a
republic, Rajendra Prasad its first-President and
Nehru the first Prime Minister.
Jan 25 The Election Commission of India is set up
1951 Oct- First general election is held in 1952 and
Feb 1952 India gets its first Parliament.
 CHRONOLOGY OF WORLD HISTORY
1100-1400 W.Europe: growth of science and technology,towns
and establishment of universities.
1400-53 The rise of Ottoman Turks and their capture of Asian
Minor and Constantinople in 1453,Syria and Egypt later.
1450-1500 West European states and merchants begin their search
for a new sea route to India, Indonasia islands(East India)
and hence begin the era of naval discoveries, initiated by
Spain and Portugal who began penetration of Africa and
slave trading from its w.coast
1492 Columbus of Spain discovered America instead.
1498 Vasco de Gama of Portugal discovered a new direct sea
route to India(Calicat) via Cape of Good Hope.
1550-1600 Beginning of the first phase of colonization of
Asia,Africa and the Americas when English,Holand and
later France begin their struggle against the Spanish and
Portuguese mponopoly of world trade.
1600-1850 Triangular slave trade from Africa to Europe and
N.America by Duch,French and British merchants.
(at its peak in 1770-80 involving all colonial powers)
1760 Beginning of Industrial Revolution in W. Europe.
1776 US Declaration of Independence.
1789-1815 French Revolution.
1800-50 Spread of Industrial revolution in USA
1823 U.S. Monroe Doctrine warns European nations not to
interfere in Western Hemisphere.
By1820s Almost all nations of Americas gain independence from
Spain and Portugal.
1839 First Opium War (to 1842) between Britain and China.
1861-65 Civil War in USA & slavery outlawed.
1867 Japan’s modernization begins after Meiji Restoration.
1869 Suez canal opens.
1871 Unification of Germany & start of its economic progress.
1875-1914 The new phase of imperialism & re-emergence of the
pursuit for colonies and colonial rivalries
1880-90 Beginning of the European scramble for Africa.
1882 Triple Alliance(Germany,Austria-Hungary,Italy)
1885-86 Britain annex Burma
1905 Bloody Sunday(Jan 9) in Russia; Japan defeats Russia.
1907 Triple Entente (France,Russia,Britain)
1908 Austria annex the Ottoman provinces of Bosnia and
Herzegovia which were also coverted by Serbia which
had the backing of Russia in founding a united Slav state.
1912 China made a republic (a revolution led by Sun Yat-Sen)
1914,June The heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary assassinated.
July W W I begins when Austria declares war on Serbia
AugGermany declares war on Russia and France;
Britain declares war on Germany.
1917,Apr US declares war on Germany
Mar-Nov February and October Revolutions in Russia
1918,July Britain,France and US attack Germany and its alies
which began to collapse & the end of W W I.
Nov Germany made a republic
1919,June The Treaty of Versailles
1921 Nazy Party founded by Hitler in Germany; Communist
Party of China formed.
1922 Oct The fascists led by Mussolini came to power in Italy:
USSR formed; Egypt gains independence.
1923 Turkey becomes a republic under Mustapha Kemal.
1924 Death of Lenin and Sun Yat-Sen.
1929 Start of Great Depression; Russia adopts first FYP.
1933 Hitler appointed as the Chancellor of Germany.
1936-39 Spanish Civil War; the fascist forces (supported by
Germany and Italy) destroy the republic in 1939.
1936 Hitler’s troops enters Rhineland in violation of the
Versailles Treaty
1937 Germany,Italy and Japan (Axis Powers) united under
the Anti-Comintern Pact to fight communism.
1938,March Hitler’ troops occupy Austria in violation of the Treaty of
Versailles signed after w w i.
Sep Munich Pact b/w Germany and Russia.
1939,March Germany occupies Czekoslovakia.
Aug Soviet signs Non-Aggression Pact with Germany.
Sep1 W W II begins when Germany invades Poland.
Sep 3 Britain and France declare war on Germany
1940,Apr Germany occupies Norway & Denmark(Phney War)
May-JuneGerman invasion of Belgium,Holand and France.
Aug Germany attacks Britain
Sep A pact b/w Germany,Italy and Japan.
1941,June Germany attacks Soviet.
Dec Japan attacks Pearl Harbour.
1942,Jan United Nations Declaration.
March Japan occupies Rangoon after overrunning the whole
of South Asia.
Aug Battle of Stalingrad begins, lasts for over 5 months.
1943, Feb German defeat in Stalingrad turning the tide of war;
July British and US forces invade Sicily,Italy
1944, June Britain & US open Second Front by entering France to
attack German forces, hastening its defeat.
1945,May 2 USSR enters Berlin →Germany’s surrender on M-7.
Aug 6-9 US drops atom bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
thereby leading to the surrender of Japan.
June Adoption of UN Charter at San Francisco.
Oct 24 The UN founded & India joins on Oct 24.
1947,Marc Truman’s Doctrine & the beginning of Cold War.
1948 Division of North and South Korea;creation of Israel;
freedom for Burma and Sri Lanka; apartheid begins.
1949 NATO formed against USSR; partition of Germany
into GDR(east) and FRG(west);Indonasia’s freedom;
People’s Republic of China (Mao Zadong) on Oct 1.
1950s South African nations begin to gain independence.
1950-53 Korean war→ Korea remained divided.
1954 Defeat of French by Vietnamese & Geneva Accords
→division of Vietnam into North and South parts.
Beginning of US intervention in Vietnam.
1955 Bagdad Pact, later CENTO; Warsaw Pact.
1962 India-China war; Cuban Missile Crisis.
1963 Organisation of African Unity founded.
1964 Palestine Liberation Organisation by Arab leaders.
1965 Indo-Pak war; beginning of war in Vietnam(till 1975).
1971 Indo-Pak war & liberation of Bangladesh.
1975 End of Vietnam war leading to its unification; death of
Mao Zadong and economic reforms begins in China.
1990 unification of Germany; Invasion of Kuwait by Iraq.
1991 disintegration of USSR & end of Cold War.