Profibus PDF

Fieldbus Training
Theory and Workshop Javier Portillo

PM-STI
Abteilung/Name: SC-TT / port Titel: Profibus Dateiname: STU11 – Profibus.pptx Geändert: Entwurf Vertraulich 1
Profibus
Profibus
What is Profibus?
Profibus (Process Field Bus) is a standard for field bus communication in automation technology and was first
promoted in 1989 by BMBF (German Department of education and research) and then used by Siemens
Profibus is a two-way communication link between a controller or monitor and a field device. It is a network that is
required for integrating process or factory automation devices into a unified system. Profibus is suitable for
both fast, time-critical applications and complex communication tasks
A fieldbus is the nerve network between the central brain (Controller) and all the part that keep the process or
manufacturing plant functioning
Profibus
• Is a fieldbus network designed for deterministic communication between computers and PLCs. It
is the most widely accepted international networking standard
• It can handle large amounts of data at high speed and serve the needs of large installations
• Based on a real-time capable asynchronous token bus principle, Profibus defines multi-master
and master-slave communication relations, with cyclic or acyclic access
• Profibus distinguishes between confirmed and unconfirmed services, allowing process

communication, broadcasting and multi-tasking
• Profibus DP is a master/slave polling network with the ability to upload/download configuration

data and precisely synchronize multiple devices on the network
Profibus
Profibus supports factory and process automation as well as drive applications with the same
consistent communication protocol named PROFIBUS DP
Profibus
It also enables consistent data exchange with higher-ranking communication systems
Profibus
Communication in automation technology
Profibus
The ISO/OSI reference model
It describes communications between the stations of a communication system. In order for it to
run effectively, defined rules and transfer interfaces need to be used for the communications
protocol
The model defines the elements, structures and tasks required for communication and arranges
them into seven layers with each layer building upon the previous layer
Profibus
Technical system structure Profibus
Profibus
Profibus DP vs. Profibus PA?
Profibus DP (Decentralized Periphery) is mainly used for high speed input/output devices and to link
intelligent devices such as drives. It can use different physical layers such as RS-485, wireless or
fiber optics. One feature of Profibus DP is its high speed of transmission up to 12 Mbits/s
Profibus PA (Process Automation) was developed for the process industry. Communication and power
supply to Transmitter and Positioners are handled direct via one 2-wire cable. Intrinsic safety
installations in Zone 1 / Div. 1 are possible. Features:
• Bus powered by using the Manchester encoded Bus Powered (MBP) physical layer
• Intrinsically safe design
• Configuration over the bus
• Device profile
Profibus
Profibus Supports 3 transmission media
Profibus
Profibus
Profibus
• The Profibus DP profile was developed to answer in cyclic communication in a quick way among
the distributed devices
• It also provides functions for acyclic access services, like configuration, monitoring, diagnostics
and field equipment alarm management
Profibus
• Profibus DP (RS-485)
• 32 devices max (including the controller) on one segment
• Devices must be daisy chained; no spur lines
• Segment must be Terminated (T)
• Baud rate depends on segment length
• Repeater are possible, 9 max per segment
• Use of “recommended grounding methods”
• Devices can be hot swapped and position does not matter
Profibus
• For a good signal transmission it is necessary to terminate Profibus segments by a bus
termination. For Profibus DP a bus termination consists of a combination of three resistors
Profibus
Profibus
• Optical transmission
• Various types of fiber optic cables are supported
• Typically topology structures are star and ring, linear structures are also possible
• The implementation of a fiber optic cable network involves the use of electro-optical
converters
Profibus
Benefits: Long distances and EMC/Noise isolation
Profibus
Communication protocols:
Profibus DP exists in three versions:
• DP-V0: Overall command

structure, cyclic data exchange
• DP-V1: Extension by acyclic data

exchange and others
• DP-V2: Further extension by time

stamp, clock synchronization and
others
Profibus
The Bus Access Protocol (layer 2) or the data-link layer, defines the master-slave procedure and
token passing procedure for coordination of several masters
• The protocol uses the “Master-Slave” model: One device (master) controls one or more other
devices (slaves)
• The protocol uses the “Token Passing” model: The “Token” is transmitted across the network; the
station in possession of the token controls the access to the network
• At least 1 master is mandatory
• Profibus networks allow multiple

masters
• In total 127 stations can be

addressed (masters + slaves)
Profibus
Profibus
The tasks of layer 2 also include functions such as data security and the handling of data frames
Profibus
Field Device Integration
Profibus supports different technologies:

• GSD, EDD, FDT/DTM and TCI
Profibus
• GSD (General Station Description)
• Mandatory basic textual description for any Profibus device
• Used for device integration into the master and exchange of measured values and
manipulated variables
Profibus
Installation: Shielding and Grounding
The recommended grounding practices:
• Connect all cable shields to ground
• Use a grounding cable to go from cabinet to cabinet in the same segment
Types of grounding:
• Direct grounding (at any connecting point)
• Capacitive grounding (in case that the equipotential grounding is not secured)
Profibus
Types of transmission
Profibus DP uses two types of transmission services in sending message telegrams that are defined
in Layer 2 (the Data link Layer) of the ISO/OSI model:
• SRD (Send and Request Data with reply)

Data is sent and received in one telegram cycle. Master sends output data to the slave and
receives input data from the slave in its response
• SDN (Send Data with No acknowledge)

This service is used when a message must be sent simultaneously to a group of slaves
(multi-cast) or all slaves (broadcast). Slaves do not respond this type of messages
Profibus
Telegram Message Structure
A Profibus telegram may contain up to 256 bytes – up to 244 Bytes of data per node per message,
plus 11 Bytes of overhead (Telegram Header) => Profibus is more efficient when large amounts of
data must be transferred
Profibus
• Cables
Profibus
Profibus
Profibus
Profibus
Profibus - Workshop
• Instructions for mounting the Profibus
Interface
Profibus - Workshop
System Layout
Profibus - Workshop
• As in the Profinet case, the first step is to establish connection with the Motor controller through
the USB cable (or Ethernet interface)
• In order to keep this document as short as possible, here will only be explained the relevant
information for the commissioning of the motor controller connected to a Profibus network
Profibus - Workshop
• Remember that the Profibus communication is activated with the Dip Switch 8. For Profibus a
Switch module (Slot 3) is compulsory
• With the Dip switches 1-7 we parameterize an offset for the Profibus address
Dip switches + Base Address = Bus Address
• The Bit rate is configured in the PLC and not in the Motor Controller
Profibus - Workshop
Profibus - Workshop
• If the communication is working, a green LED in the Profibus card illuminates and FHPP is shown
under the Fieldbus options
• Remember to Download + Store + Restart Controller after changing parameters of the Fieldbus
interface
Profibus - Workshop
• Under the fieldbus options, we also found Factor Group and FHPP+ Editor. The functionality of
these parameters is analog to the functionality in the Profinet case
Profibus - Workshop
• As in the Profinet case, the installation of the adequate GSD file is necessary to establish the
communication between the CMMP-M3 and the PLC
Profibus - Workshop
• We proceed to the configuration of the PLC as in the case of Profinet
• The difference now is that we need to configure Profibus instead of Profinet
Profibus - Workshop
• We double click on the Profibus Master (PLC) and the following window is shown
• We set a Profibus Address (2) to the master and create a new Profibus Network (in case it’s not
created yet)
Profibus - Workshop
Profibus - Workshop
• If the Profibus network doesn’t appear besides the PLC in the HW configuration, we add it
manually (right click on “DP”)
Profibus - Workshop
• Add the motor controller to Profibus
Profibus - Workshop
• Add the modules to the motor controller. Remember that they have to match the configuration in
FCT
Profibus - Workshop
• As in the Profinet case, we have to link the HW configuration to the Program configuration. This is
done by copying the Profibus I/O address in the appropriate FBs in the OB1
Profibus - Workshop
• After connecting the blocks and downloading the program (blocks copied from the project in
support portal) we can test the functioning with the variable tables
Profibus - Workshop
• We can also test the FHPP+ behavior. To this purpose we add the modules to the motor controller
in the Hardware configuration and in FCT
Profibus – Common errors
• Should there be distance between Profibus and power cables?
Yes, even Profibus can get disturbed by interference caused by parallel high voltage power lines.
Cables that cross each other will not cause problems. Correct shielding is a must!
• Basic tips for installing a Profibus DP network

• Always use Profibus cable and connectors
• Do not exceed 32 devices per segment
• Make sure the segment length is in contrast with the baudrate
• Make sure every segment has powered termination on both ends
• Avoid spur lines
• Avoid swapping the wires (A= green, B= red)
• Are the addresses correctly set?
• No short circuit or break in the cable?
• Can you communicate with the devices?
• Respect bending radius (energy chains)
• Is there any minimum distance between two devices on Profibus DP?
• When the transmission speed is 1,5 Mbps or higher, it is highly recommended to have at
least 1 m cable between 2 devices
• Which pins on the DB9 connector are for communication?

• Pin 3 = B line (red wire)
• Pin 8 = A line (green wire)
The metal casing of the connector is used for the shielding
• Which tools do you need for troubleshooting and commissioning a running Profibus installation?
• A bus analyzer to verify the protocol quality and an oscilloscope to verify the signal quality
• Will the choice of addresses influence the cycle time?
No, the master will always cyclically communicate with the slaves, so for the cycle time it doesn’t
matter what addresses they have
• How many DP slaves can be configured in a network?

The total number of slaves that can be put in data-exchange is 124, because of the master that
uses an address and the reserved addresses 0 and 126 (these are blocked by the configuration
tool)
• Can I control the outputs of 1 slave with 2 masters?

No, only 1 PLC has the right to control the outputs (safety feature). The 2nd PLC can only read the
inputs/outputs

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Fieldbus Training

Theory and Workshop Javier Portillo

• Profibus distinguishes between confirmed and unconfirmed services, allowing process

• Profibus DP is a master/slave polling network with the ability to upload/download configuration

Benefits: Long distances and EMC/Noise isolation

• DP-V0: Overall command

• DP-V1: Extension by acyclic data

• DP-V2: Further extension by time

• At least 1 master is mandatory

• Profibus networks allow multiple

• In total 127 stations can be

Profibus supports different technologies:

• SRD (Send and Request Data with reply)

• SDN (Send Data with No acknowledge)

• Basic tips for installing a Profibus DP network

• Which pins on the DB9 connector are for communication?

• How many DP slaves can be configured in a network?

• Can I control the outputs of 1 slave with 2 masters?

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