Table of Contents

Part-01: Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3

1.1 Background ......................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Objectives............................................................................................................................................ 3
1.3 Scope of the report ............................................................................................................................. 3
1.4 Methodology & Limitations ................................................................................................................ 4
Part-02: Overview of the Project .................................................................................................................. 5
2.1 Introduction to the Project: Padma Water Treatment Plant .............................................................. 5
2.2 Project Scope Statement .................................................................................................................... 6
2.3 Economic validity of the Project ....................................................................................................... 13
2.4 Major Deliverables ............................................................................................................................ 14
Part-03: Insights and Analysis of the Project .............................................................................................. 16
3.1 The Project at a Glance ..................................................................................................................... 16
3.2 Description of the Project ................................................................................................................. 17
3. 4 System Design .................................................................................................................................. 26
Part-04: Project Life Cycle and Specific Issues ............................................................................................ 29
4.1 Project Life Cycle ............................................................................................................................... 29
4.2 Problem Statement ........................................................................................................................... 32
4.3 Problems & Challenges of the Project .............................................................................................. 35
4.4 Technical & Financial Aspects ........................................................................................................... 36
4.4.1 Technical Aspects ....................................................................................................................... 36
4.4.2 Financial Issues........................................................................................................................... 37
Part-05: Learning, Recommendation and Conclusion ................................................................................ 38
5.1 Qualities of a Good Project Manager................................................................................................ 38
5.2 Learning from the Entire Apprenticeship ......................................................................................... 41
5.3 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 41
References .................................................................................................................................................. 42
Appendix ..................................................................................................................................................... 43

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List of Figures

Figure 1: Design of Padma Water Treatment Plant ...................................................................................... 5

Figure 2: Milestones of the Project ............................................................................................................... 9
Figure 3: Limitations of the Project ............................................................................................................ 12
Figure 4: Economic Validity of the Project .................................................................................................. 13
Figure 5: Design of Padma Water Treatment Plant .................................................................................... 17
Figure 6: WBS of Padma Water Treatment Plant ....................................................................................... 19
Figure 7: Machineries of Padma Water Treatment Plant ............................................................................ 20
Figure 8: Financing of the Project ............................................................................................................... 21
Figure 9: Network Design ........................................................................................................................... 23
Figure 10: Water Treatment Process ........................................................................................................... 24
Figure 11: PERT Chart of the Padma Water Treatment Plant ..................................................................... 25
Figure 12: Flow Sheet of Padma Water Treatment Plant ........................................................................... 26
Figure 13: Primary Treatment ..................................................................................................................... 27
Figure 14: Activated Sludge Process .......................................................................................................... 28
Figure 15: Project Life Cycle ...................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 16: Project Initiation ........................................................................................................................ 29
Figure 17: Project Planning ........................................................................................................................ 30
Figure 18: Project Execution ...................................................................................................................... 31
Figure 19: Project Closure .......................................................................................................................... 32
Figure 20: 5’s of Problem Statement .......................................................................................................... 33
Figure 21: Qualities of a Good Project Manager ........................................................................................ 39

List of Tables
Table 1: Short Overview of the Project ........................................................................................................ 6
Table 2: The Project at a Glance ................................................................................................................. 16
Table 3: Detailed Budget of the Project ...................................................................................................... 22

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Part-01: Introduction

1.1 Background

The M.B.A. Program under the department of International Business offers a course named
“International Project Management (IB-520)” which requires submitting a Report on a
specific topic. The Report is under the headline of “Padma Water Treatment Plant Project”.

As the students of international business, we should have some knowledge about some major
projects around the world. Padma Water Treatment Plant is one of the major and most potential
project that has a great impact to get the purify water in Dhaka. The sector is supplying a large
number of purify water daily. It helps to get the pure drinkable water which has a much scarcity
in Dhaka.

1.2 Objectives

The Primary objective of the report is to fulfill the partial requirement of the course as Our
Course Teacher assigned a report on any Project to us.
The Secondary objectives of this report are-
 Take a depth inside of the Project
 Learning the Project management Procedures
 Identify the key challenges and problems of the Project
 Key Stakeholders of the Project
 Budget & Financing of the Project
 Key success factors of the Project
 Economic validity of the Project
 Internal and external factors of Project
 To learn in details about Padma Water Treatment Plant.

1.3 Scope of the report

The Report is mainly based on the leanings & knowledge that we get from our course in entire
semester. No extensive research is conducted for preparing the report. So the result may vary
with reality due to the constraints or limitation of the data and the sources.

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1.4 Methodology & Limitations

This report has been prepared on the basis of experience gathered during the period of semester. For
preparing this report, information has been gathered from website and related books and practical
visiting in the Project.

Primary Data

We were visiting the project and collect much information by talked with the Project manager Mr.
Clerk, interpreter Mr. Arafat and some workers.

Secondary Data

Relevant data for this report has been collected directly investigation of different records, papers,
documents, and operational process. Some renowned articles are reviewed to make the Project. The
results are presented by using different chart and tables.

Most of the information has been derived from Visiting the Project, Website and Papers.

It’s a descriptive report. The cases are analyzed with various parameters and strategic tools. The
Finding and Analysis are the result of the Analysis.

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Part-02: Overview of the Project

2.1 Introduction to the Project: Padma Water Treatment Plant

The Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (DWASA) is going to operate a project the
Padma Water Treatment Plant by December 2018. The plant located at Jashaldia under
Lauhajang Upazila of Munshiganj. The Project has the capacity of supplying 45 crore liters of
water a day.

Once the project goes into operation it will begin to improve the water supply to the southern and
eastern parts of Dhaka. Already 40 per cent of the work of the project has been completed and
the rest is expected to be done within the deadline.

Figure 1: Design of Padma Water Treatment Plant

Water from the Padma River will get treated at the plant and then pass through 33-km-long
pipeline to the distribution lines near Mitford Hospital before it is supplied to the Dhaka city.
The cost of the project is Tk3508 Crore in which the WASA is contributing Tk. 22 crore and the
government Tk. 1073 crore. The Exim Bank of China is providing around Tk. 2417 crore as a
soft loan to implement the said project. This is the first time China is financing a treatment plant
in Bangladesh.

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2.2 Project Scope Statement
Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority is setting up a water treatment plant at Jashaldia
point of Munshiganj, with a capacity of supplying 45 crore liters of water per day (Daily Star,
2017). An agreement was signed between Dhaka WASA and China CAMC Engineer Com Ltd
in this regard.

Name The Padma Water Treatment Plant.

Location Mawa, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Cost cost of Taka 3,509 crore
Client Sinoconst.
Volume 2000 square Feet.
Scope of work Shipping from Shanghai Port to Chittagong Port; Inland transportation to
Mawa Water Treatment Plant.

Transit Challenge Poor Road Conditions.

Project Start Schedule 2015 - Current.
Main Outcome The project designed to produce 45 crore liter water a day
Project End December 2018.

Table 1: Short Overview of the Project

The plant would reduce to a large extent city people's dependency on ground water.
Water from the Padma River would get treated at the plant and then pass through 33-km long
pipe lines to the distribution lines near Mitford Hospital before it is supplied in Dhaka city.
The Chinese government will provide around Tk 2,500 crore out of the estimated cost of Tk
3,500 crore in soft loans and the remaining expense of the Padma Water Treatment Plant will be
borne by Bangladesh.

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Project Objectives

It is a great challenge for Dhaka City to ensure water supply in adequate quantity and quality
round the year. To improve the water supply situation, a new surface water treatment plant at
Jashaldia with intake at Mawa in the Padma River has been proposed. Some ad hoc measures
have been undertaken to meet the growing demand of water supply, mainly dependent on
abstraction of groundwater which has already reached its optimum level. The proposed project
must meet the following objectives to fulfill the project purpose and meet the existing and
anticipated need for treated water.

 The plant is being constructed to provide water to areas in Old Dhaka including Mitford,
Nababpur, Lalbagh, Hazaribagh, and parts of Dhanmandi and Mohammadpur.
 The plant upon completion at the end of 2018 would provide 45 crore litre pure water in
any given day to meet the water demands of South-west Dhaka.
 The plant, as part of sustainable water source management, would help reduce pressure
on ground water as it would add 23 percent of surface water stake to the current
percentage of 22 within January, 2019.
 This project is being implemented as part of moving towards the environment-friendly,
sustainable and pro- people water supply system.
 The project will be able to serve the people of Dhaka through supplying drinking water.
 To reduce the overwhelming dependence on groundwater resources for water supply,
groundwater and surface water has been proposed for conjunctive use.
 To remove the impurities that are contained in water as found in nature.
 To control or eliminate of these impurities is necessary to combat corrosion, scale
formation, and fouling of heat transfer surfaces throughout the reactor facility and
support.
 Provide additional raw water to existing customers and additional customers along with
the raw water pipeline system.
 Minimize negative impacts from treated surface water and costs by maximizing the use
of gravity flow for both raw water and treated water facilities.
 Minimize water loss from the raw and treated water delivery system and optimize project
design costs and construction costs.

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Deliverables of Padma Water Treatment Plant

The Padma Water Treatment Plant is the 2nd largest project in Bangladesh after the Padma
Bridge constructed by Chinese a company. In addition, it is the 1st china financed water
treatment plant in Bangladesh. Undoubtedly it is a mega project of the government and one of
the dream project of Dhaka WASA and the city dwellers of Dhaka. The Project will cover a wide
range of specific sections. The major deliverables of the project are,

 Water Collection System from the Padma River

 Storage Tanks
 Water Purification System
 Administration and Maintenance Office
 Pipeline for Water Supply
 Electric Capacity and Support System
 Infrastructural Development
 Mechanical and Engineering Unit

The project is expected to be completed by December 2018 under the dynamic leadership of
Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and her effective policy measures, according to Dhaka Water
Supply and Sewerage Authority (DWASA). The project will be implemented within 42 months
after the land acquisition which may take one year. Upon completion of the first phase, the
proposed Padma water treatment plant will supply 450 million liters of water a day to the city.
After successful completion of the project the ratio of surface and underground water supply will
be 45 percent instead of the present 22 percent (Dhaka Tribune, 2017). The areas to be covered
by the plant are old Dhaka, Mohammadpur, Dhanmondi and Kawran Bazar.

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Milestones

Padma Water Treatment Plant is the first water treatment project financed by China in
Bangladesh. Though started a long ago, due to smell of corruption the project is still on the
construction phase even after its initial completion deadline. The cost of the project has also
increased by 10 %. The duration of the construction was estimated to 42 months. The project will
cover 94 acres of land and will be able to supply 45 crore liters of water in the city of Dhaka.

Projected Full
Operation by
40% Works December,
Done May 26, 2018
Inagurated by 2017
The Prime
Project Cost Minister on
Increased by October 28,
Agreement 10% 2015
Signed on
September 25,
2012

Figure 2: Milestones of the Project

The tender for the project was declared in 2012. After having several proposals, the proposal
evaluation committee selected Chinese contractor M/S CMC Engineering Company Limited as
the lowest bidder for the project. The entire project will require nearly Tk 3500 crore for
completion of the construction. The EXIM Bank of china provided Tk 2,042.36 crore at 2%
interest rate while remaining amount of the project will be funded from the national exchequer of
which Dhaka WASA will provide Tk. 22 crore and the Govt ( New Age, 2017). will finance the
rest. The project has huge social, economic and environmental value. After having great
challenges from its initial phase the project is fully running on its construction. 40% of the
construction has been completed till date. It is a dream project by WASA hopefully opened for
operation in December 2018.

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Technical Requirement

A short description is given below which technologies are used in Padma Water Treatment Plant:

Activated sludge model

Activated sludge model is a generic name for a group of mathematical methods to model
activated sludge systems. The research in this area is coordinated by a task group of the
International Water Association. Activated sludge models are used in scientific research to study
biological processes in hypothetical systems. They can also be applied on full scale waste water
treatment plants for optimization, when carefully calibrated with reference data for sludge
production and nutrients in the effluent.

An activated sludge model consists of:

 State variables: these include the different fractions of COD, biomass and different types
of nutrients, both organic and inorganic
 A description of the dynamic processes: lists the different biological processes that are
modeled, together with their formulae
 Parameters: variables that describe the circumstances of the biological system, such as
growth and decay rate, half-saturation coefficient for hydrolysis, etc.
Filtration

Filtration is any of various mechanical, physical or biological operations that separate solids
from fluids (liquids or gases) by adding a medium through which only the fluid can pass. The
fluid that passes through is called the filtrate. In physical filters oversize solids in the fluid are
retained and in biological filters particulates are trapped and ingested and metabolites are
retained and removed. However, the separation is not complete; solids will be contaminated with
some fluid and filtrate will contain fine particle. Filtration occurs both in nature and in
engineered systems; there are biological, geological, and industrial forms. For example, in
animals, renal filtration removes wastes from the blood, and in water treatment and sewage
treatment, undesirable constituents are removed by absorption into a biological film grown on or
in the filter medium, as in slow sand filtration.

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Reverse Osmosis

Reverse osmosis is a water purification technology that uses a semipermeable membrane to

remove ions, molecules, and larger particles from drinking water. In reverse osmosis, an applied
pressure is used to overcome osmotic pressure, a colligative property that is driven by chemical
potential differences of the solvent, a thermodynamic parameter. Reverse osmosis can remove
many types of dissolved and suspended species from water, including bacteria, and is used in
both industrial processes and the production of potable water. The result is that the solute is
retained on the pressurized side of the membrane and the pure solvent is allowed to pass to the
other side. To be "selective", this membrane should not allow large molecules or ions through
the pores, but should allow smaller components of the solution to pass freely.

In the normal osmosis process, the solvent naturally moves from an area of low solute
concentration, through a membrane, to an area of high solute concentration. The driving force for
the movement of the solvent is the reduction in the free energy of the system when the difference
in solvent concentration on either side of a membrane is reduced, generating osmotic pressure
due to the solvent moving into the more concentrated solution.

Limitations

A limitation in project management refers to any restriction that defines a project's constraints
the scope or what the project is expected to accomplish. The three most significant project
constraints are time, cost and performance. These three are sometimes known as the triple
constraint or the project management triangle. A project’s scope involves the specific goals,
deliverables and tasks that define the boundaries of the project. However, the major limitations
of the project Padma Water treatment Plant are the followings,

Loan & Interest

Bangladesh took 2042.36 crore taka for accomplishing this project for which we have to pay 2%
interest per year.
Tender
WASA didn’t arrange any open tender for this project which increases its cost.

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 Loan and Interest

Tender

Negotiation

Destruction of Agricultural
Land

Time Constraints

Distance

Figure 3: Limitations of the Project

Negotiation
WASA’s failure to negotiate properly for the project has increased the cost of this project by
10%.
Importing pipes before acquiring land
WASA will have to count Tk150 crore more for importing pipes, to be used in the project long
before acquiring land.
Agricultural land destroyed
Many agricultural lands are destroyed for this project.
Distance
Water from the Padma River will get treated at the plant and then pass through 33-km-long
pipeline to the distribution lines near Mitford Hospital before it is supplied to the Dhaka city.
Delay
The Project was expected to accomplish by 2016 at the time of start but for the delay of working
new deadline for accomplishing this project will be December 2018.

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2.3 Economic validity of the Project
China committed to a loan of US$290.8 million at a 2% interest rate via the Chinese Exim Bank
for Bangladesh to build the Padma water treatment plant. Exim bank’s financing purportedly
involves both a concessional loan and preferential buyer's credit, but it is unclear how much of
the project either modality is financing. The remaining amount for the project will be funded by
the government of Bangladesh. The treatment plant is expected to be completed in June 2016,
and will have a daily treatment capacity of about 450,000 tons. The project is currently being
built. Upon completion, it can help alleviate the water needs of a quarter of the population in
Bangladesh. The project will provide the following benefits to Bangladesh.

Improvement
in Ratio of
Expanding Surface and
Supporting Underground
Local Business Water
Alleviating
Drinkable Water
Scarcity
Protection of
Environment

Figure 4: Economic Validity of the Project

Projection of Environment
Currently, WASA can supply around 210 crore liters of water per day, 87 percent of which
comes from ground water and the rest from surface water treated by four treatment plants. Once
the projects are completed, dependence on groundwater would reduce by 80 percent making the
Dhaka City more safe and sustainable on the point of environmental view.
Alleviating Drinkable Water Scarcity
Currently the supply of water is very shortage in Dhaka. Many people from different areas can’t
get their regular drinkable water in Dhaka. Once the project goes into operation it will supply 45
crore liters of water a day which can minimize the scarcity of pure water for drinking.

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Expanding Supporting Local Business
The main contractor focuses on the local supplier to collect their raw materials & others
equipment so that many supporting businesses are Booming in the country to supply to the
Project.
Improvement in Ratio of Surface and Underground Water
Now, 72 percent of water comes from natural underground reservoirs supplied by WASA.
Excessive extraction of water legally and illegally by deep tube wells is lowering the ground
water level in the capital, posing a risk to the city's future. After successful completion of the
project the ratio of surface and underground water supply will be 45:55 instead of the present 22:
78 percent.

2.4 Major Deliverables

The Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (DWASA) is going to operate its dream
project the Padma (Jashaldia) Water Treatment Plant, with a capacity of supplying 45 crore liters
of water per day. An agreement was signed between Dhaka WASA and China CAMC Engineer
Com Ltd in this regard. CAMC will construct the plant in 42 months. The Chinese government
will provide around Tk. 2,500 crore out of the estimated cost of Tk. 3,500 crore in soft loans and
the remaining expense of the Padma Water Treatment Plant will be borne by Bangladesh.
This is the first time China is financing a treatment plant. The process of land acquisition for the
plant is underway and the construction work will finish by 2018.The plant will be constructed on
94 acres of land, a WASA official said. Currently, WASA can supply around 210 crore liters of
water per day, 87 percent of which comes from ground water and the rest from surface water
treated by four treatment plants.

Modern technologies are being used to implement the project. Project Manager of the Padma
(Jashaldia) Water Treatment Plant said China CAMC Engineering Co Ltd has lot of experiences
to implement such kind of projects around the globe.

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Excessive extraction of water legally and illegally by deep tube wells is lowering the ground
water level in the capital, posing a risk to the city's future. Some outcomes are specified,

1. To relax dependence on underground water.

2. To produce 450-million-liter water per day to meet the ever increasing demand for water
in Dhaka.
3. A 30km pipeline will be laid to supply treated water to the city dwellers.
4. The project has designed to produce 45 crore liter water a day.
5. The water of the plant would be supplied to meet the water demand of Dhaka City's
Mitford, Nawabpur, Lalbagh, Hazaribagh, Dhanmondi, MOhammadpur and adjacent
areas.
6. The project would reduce the pressure on groundwater resources and develop an
environment friendly and sustainable water supply system in Dhaka City.
7. Once the projects are completed, the dependence on groundwater would reduce by 80
percent making the Dhaka City more safe and sustainable on the point of environmental
view. Now 72 percent of water supplied by WASA comes from natural underground
reservoirs.
8. The government has already completed water supply master plan and sewerage master
plan for Dhaka and drainage master plan would be completed very shortly.
9. To improve the water supply of southern and eastern parts of Dhaka.
10. The project will be able to serve the people of Dhaka through supplying drinking water.

Already 40 per cent of the work of the project has been completed and the rest is expected to be
done within the deadline. After successful completion of the project the ratio of surface and
underground water supply will be 45:55 instead of the present 22: 78 percent.

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Part-03: Insights and Analysis of the Project

3.1 The Project at a Glance

Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (DWASA) is going to set up a water treatment
plant at Jashaldia point of Munshiganj, with a capacity of supplying 45 crore liters of water per
day. The following tables describes the project at a glance,

Name of the Project Padma Water Treatment Plant

CRS Sectors Water Supply and Sanitation
Contractor China CAMC Engineering Co. Ltd.
Key Stakeholders  Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage
Authority (DWASA)
 Local Government and Rural Development
(LGRD) Ministry
 Exim Bank of China
 Government of Bangladesh
Project Manager Boris Zhang Zhaoyang
Capacity 450 million liter water per day
Area of the main Project 94 Acres
Budget Tk. 3508 Crore
Financing  Exim Bank of China – 2,413 Crore
 Government of Bangladesh – 1073 Crore
 DWASA – 22 Crore
Initiation January 2013
Initial Deadline June 2016
Revised Deadline April 2018
Supervisor Jointly by M/S Grontmij A/S and its sub-
Consultants
i. AQUA Consultants Limited
ii. BETS Consulting Ltd
iii. The Institute of Water Modeling
Objectives of the Project  Meet the ever increasing drinking water
demand for water in Dhaka.
 Relax dependence on underground water
Coverage of Water Supply Dhaka City's Mitford, Nawabpur, Lalbagh,
Hazaribagh, Dhanmondi, Mohammadpur and
adjacent areas

Table 2: The Project at a Glance

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3.2 Description of the Project
The Padma Water Treatment Plant is the 1st China financed water treatment plant and 2nd largest
china based company project after Padma Bridge. The project started in 2012. The main
contractor of the project is China CAMC Engineering Co. Ltd. The mother company then
outsourced different components of the project to some other Chinese sub-contractors. Almost
40% of the project has been accomplished. The construction is running in full speed without any
weekly holiday to meet the deadline. The design of the project will like the following picture
after completion,

Figure 5: Design of Padma Water Treatment Plant

About the Contractor:

China CAMC Engineering Co. Ltd (CAMC) is an incorporated company affiliated to China
National Machinery Industry Corporation (SINOMACH). The company was established in May
2001and was listed in Shenzhen Stock Exchange in June 2006. CAMC has rich experience in
international project contracting area. The company has already completed about a hundred large
scale turnkey project and equipment export projects. It covers industrial projects, agricultural
projects, water engineering projects, power projects etc. Some notable project done by the
company includes China-Belarus Industrial Park, Vientiane New World Project in Laos, Ping’an
Waste Water Treatment Plant in Longquanyi, Chengdu and many others.

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Work Breakdown Structure

Work breakdown structure is a hierarchical tree structure that outlines the entire project and
breaks it down into smaller, more manageable portions. A WBS can be drawn by creating folders
and subfolders, and can even go further to divide individual tasks into subtasks.The goal of a
WBS is to make a large project more manageable. Breaking it down into smaller chunks means
work can be done simultaneously by different team members, leading to better team productivity
and easier project management overall.
The creation of a work breakdown structure requires the active participation of all the members
of the project team as their work will be analyzed at each level. The process involves these three
main steps:

 Identification of the major functional deliverables

 Subdivision of these deliverables into sub-deliverables
 Determination of the match between the members and the specific work packages

The work breakdown structure facilitates the effective identification of the skills sets required to
complete the work that, in turn, facilitates the speedy determination of the right people for the
job. It also facilitates the determination of the right number of people necessary for work
completion.
The work breakdown structure allows the team members to see the delineation of the steps
required in delivering the desired product or service to the stakeholders. Team members will then
be able to better understand the relationships between the steps and the deliverables.
The work breakdown structure can also be used to easily and quickly identify the major
deliverables affected by delays in any of the specific work packages or sub-deliverables. The
faster the source of the delays and the impact on the deliverables can be identified, the faster the
appropriate action can be made so as to avert a project crisis, perhaps even a project cessation.

The WBS of the Padma Water Treatment Plant is drawn here,

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 Water Push Pump
Sedimentary Tank
Installation

Water Purification
Oxidentation Tank
System
Machine Installation
Physical Construction
Chorne Tank
Machinaries

Electric Power Supply

Water Suction From the

River
Installation of Pipre to
Collect water
Reservation of Raw
Route of Water
Water
Water Reserve Tank Capacy of Water Storage
Reservation of Purified
Water

Pipe Installation
towards Dhaka
Water Supply Bulk Archetecural
Sewerage Design
Building Sub- Stations
Padma Water Treatment

Structural Design

Bricks, Sand,
Plant

Piling
Steel

Staff Quarters Civil Foundation

Structural Works

Electrical , Lighting and

Earthing

Construction of Office Painting, Fitting

Building and Furniture
Control and
Maintainance Office
IT network
System
Fire Safety
System
Roads and Linkage Design of the Linked
Construction Road

Archetehrural Design
Design & Procurement
Civil Structural Design

Figure 6: WBS of Padma Water Treatment Plant

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Machineries and Equipment
The process of water treatment is a complex process and requires a wide range of tools and
machineries. The engineers are mainly relying on the Japanese Heavy Machines. The major
machines for construction are Komatsu, Cat and Large Scale Cranes.

The uses of excavators have also been seen. The project is also full with small tools and
machines from hand run small carriers, cement mixtures and small trucks.

Figure 7: Machineries of Padma Water Treatment Plant

The water purification system uses complex machineries and chemicals. Most of the machineries
used here are hired for temporary basis. Because purchasing the heavy machineries are very
costly for short-term use.

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Budget and Cost Estimation
The project budget is a detailed estimate of all the costs required to complete the project tasks. It
is much more detailed than the high level budget developed in the Initiate Stage A well-
researched and planned cost estimation and budget is necessary for the successful completion of
any project. Project managers need to thoroughly scope the project in order to secure sufficient
funding. Scoping involves estimating labor hours, materials, supplies and other miscellaneous
expenses. Cost estimations and budgets are a work in progress and should contain room for
change.
The Budget of Any project can be divided into two parts. One is sources of financing and
expenditure. The budget of Padma Water Treatment Plant is 3508 crore taka. The huge amount
of money will come from the following sources.

Sources of Financing
Exim bank of China Govt. of Bangladesh Dhaka WASA

1%
Total= Tk. 3508 Crore

1. Exim Bank of China =

30% Tk. 2413 Crore

2. Govt. of Bangladesh =
Tk. 1073 Crore

69% 3. DWASA = Tk. 22 Crore

Figure 8: Financing of the Project

The required funds will come from the Exim Bank of China. They will provide tk. 2413 crore at
2 % interest. The rest of the money will be provided by the government and DWASA
collectively. The govt. will fund Tk. 1073 crore and DWASA will provide rest of the 22 crore
Taka.

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The funds will be expended to wide range of compartments. The entire cost has been divided
into some small section of work units. The more details expenditure of the project is shown here,

Work Packages Tk. in Crore Percentage of the Entire Project

Installation Project 720 20.52

Machineries and Tools 340 9.69

Buildings and Roads Construction 570 16.24

Water Purification System 548 15.62

Pipeline Creation 430 12.25

Others 900 25.65

Table 3: Detailed Budget of the Project

The Installation Project of the Padma Water Treatment Plant will account approximately 720
crore taka which is 20.52% of the total cost of the project. The Installation project is running on
full speed under the sob contractor SinoConst. Almost all the work units have been given to
different sub-contractors and even sub-contractors also given to them to the other sub
subcontractors. The Machineries and Tools setup responsibility will be done by SinoMach. The
Water purification System will cost almost 548 crore Taka. The other cost will account for 900
crore taka totals to accomplish the project.

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3.3 Network Design
Network Design is a process that links different important parts of the projects into a system that
converts the input into output. The network design of a water treatment plant is not too much
complex but the purification system itself is sophisticated and requires improved technology.

Figure 9: Network Design

The water purification network starts with collecting water from river to a storage tank. The
water goes through different stages of purification system. The purification system has three
steps known as Sedimentary tank, Oxitation Tank and Chorne Tank. After going through the
process the clean water is stored into a purified tank. Finally the water is ready to use and supply.

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3.4 Production Process
The production process of the Padma Water Treatment Plant is simply collecting water from the
Padma River, Covert the raw water into drinkable clean water; supply the water to the end users.
The water from the river will be collected through a pipeline with a network of almost 1
kilometer. The water will be stored instantly in a large tank for sending it to the purification
system. The purification system will purify the water with different complex technologies and
store it to another large tank.

The Purification
System

Collecting Raw
Supply Clean Water
Water

Figure 10: Water Treatment Process

The supply of clean water to Dhaka will be done through 33 kilometer long pipeline. There are
two major rivers on the way named Dholeshwari and Buriganga. The construction of Padma
Bridge Rail Link and upgrade of Dhaka Mawa link road to four lane road network also hampers
the installation of the pipeline.

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3.5 PERT Chart
A PERT chart is a project management tool that provides a graphical representation of a project's
timeline. Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) allows the tasks in a particular project
to be analyzed. It creates a link from the starting point of the project with the end point. The
PERT Chart for Padma Water treatment Plant will look like as shown below,

Testing and
Chemicals 33
The Padma Water Monitoring
and Kilometer
River Filter Purified
Minerals Pipeline
Water

1 Raw Water Clean

End Users
Kilometer Water Purification Water
in Dhaka
Pipeline Tank System Tank

Figure 11: PERT Chart of the Padma Water Treatment Plant

The Starting point of the project network system is the Padma River. The water in the
purification system will be brought through a one kilometer pipeline. The three step purification
system will purify water with latest technology. The water will be filtered and the cleaning
chemicals will be added before it goes through the purification system. The clean water will be
then stored into a tank. Finally the clean water will be supplied for use after testing.

Here all the parts are interrelated with each other. Almost 40% task of the project is completed.
Though the installation of the pipeline is running on full pace but it won’t work before the
construction of the purification system and the Water tanks.

Again the administration system is useless until the project goes into operation. The PERT chart
defines that the project should be constructed so that all the work units get constructed in the
smooth way and can meet the deadline.

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3. 4 System Design
The purpose of Padma water treatment is to meet the growing demand of water supply, mainly
dependent on abstraction of groundwater which has already reached its optimum level. So, this
project tries to remove/reduce organic and inorganic substances, nutrients toxic substances kill
pathogenic organisms etc. so that the quality of discharged water is improved supplying drinking
water.
Stages of Waste Water Treatment

The main aim of Padma water treatment is the removal of contaminants from water so that the
treated water can be reused for beneficial purposes of the Dhaka city people. The Padma water
treatment is carried out in two stages: Primary, Secondary waste treatment.

Figure 12: Flow Sheet of Padma Water Treatment Plant

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A. Primary Treatment

Waste water, contains a wide variety of solids of various shapes, sizes and densities. The primary
treatment is of general nature and is used for removing suspended solids, odor, color and to
neutralize the high or low pH in the case of industrial effluents.
This stage exploits the physical or chemical properties of the contaminants and removes the
suspended and floating matter by:
a. Screening.
b. Sedimentation.
c. Floatation.
d. Filtration.
e. Precipitation etc.

Figure 13: Primary Treatment

B. Secondary or Biological Treatment

The biological process of sewage is a secondary treatment involving removing, stabilizing and
rendering harmless very fine suspended matter, and solids of the waste water that remain even
after the primary treatment has been done.

Since much of the organic material in waste water may be colloidal or dissolved, the primary
treatment processes are largely ineffective in removing it. The organic matter still represents a
high demand for oxygen which must be reduced further so that the effluent may be rendered
suitable for discharge into the water bodies.

Thus, the principal requirements of a biological waste treatment process are an adequate amount
of bacteria that feed on the organic material present in waste water, oxygen and some means of
achieving contact between the bacteria and the organics.

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Two of the most commonly used systems for biological waste treatment are:

(i) The activated sludge system and

(ii) The biological film system.

The selected Chinese company decided to apply activated sludge system in this plant.

(i) Activated Sludge Process

The essential features of activated sludge process are:

i. Aeration stage.
ii. Solids-liquid separation following aeration.
iii. Sludge recycles system.

Water after primary treatment enters into aeration tank where the organic matter is brought into
intimate contact with the sludge from the secondary clarifier.

Figure 14: Activated Sludge Process

This sludge is heavily laden with micro-organisms which are in an active state of growth. Air is
introduced into the tank either in the form of bubbles through diffusers or by surface aerators.

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Part-04: Project Life Cycle and Specific Issues

4.1 Project Life Cycle

The Project Life Cycle has four phases: Initiation, Planning, Execution and Closure. Each project
life cycle phase is described below, along with the tasks needed to complete it.

Figure 15: Project Life Cycle

The Project Life Cycle of Padma Water Treatment Plant is given blow

Project Initiation

The Project Initiation Phase is the 1st phase in the Project Management Life Cycle, as it involves
starting up a new project.

Undertake
Develop a Establish Appoint Set up the
a
Business the Project the Project Project
Feasibility
Plan Charter Team Office
Study

Figure 16: Project Initiation

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The idea of Padma water treatment Plant came into front line in 2011 and the following year a
treaty was done between Dhaka WASA and China CAMC Engineers Company Ltd. Feasibility
study and soil & river water test done by Chinese engineers in 2013. Responsibility to complete
the project is fully given to CAMC company ltd and they formed a project team combining
Chinese engineers, Bangladeshi & Chinese workers and with some interpreters. Project office
was set up in Jhasladia, Bikrampur.

Project Planning

The Project Planning Phase is the second phase in the project life cycle. It involves creating of a
set of plans to help guide team through the execution and closure phases of the project.

The plans created during this phase helps to manage time, cost, quality, change, risk and issues.
They will also help you manage staff and external suppliers, to ensure that deliver the project on
time and within budget.

Create a
Create a Financial Create a
Project Plan Plan Risk Plan

Create a Create a
Resource Quality Plan
Plan

Figure 17: Project Planning

The detailed project plan was done in the end of 2013. The plan was developed jointly by Dhaka
WASA & CAMC Company ltd. The number of machineries, number of human resources, tools
was also identified.

The estimated total cost of the project is about 35 thousand corer taka in BDT of which 2000
crore will be provided by Chinese company and 1500 crore will be provided by Dhaka WASA.

Quality Control System and water purification process is also installed.

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Project Execution

The Project Execution Phase is the third phase in the project life cycle. In this phase, the physical
project deliverables are building. The Project Execution Phase is usually the longest phase in the
project life cycle and it typically consumes the most energy and the most resources.

Perform Perform
Perform Time Perform Cost
Quality Change
Management Management
Management Management

Figure 18: Project Execution

Time management is not strongly maintained. Though June 2018, is the time line only 40% tasks
is completed. Cost increases 20% from the beginning budget. Quality of raw materials is not so
standard because they source raw materials from Bangladeshi suppliers.

Project Closure

The Project Closure Phase is the fourth and last phase in the project life cycle. In this phase,
project formally close your and then report its overall level of success to your sponsor.

Project Closure involves handing over the deliverables to your customer, passing the
documentation to the business, cancelling supplier contracts, releasing staff and equipment, and
informing stakeholders of the closure of the project.

After the project has been closed, a Post Implementation Review is completed to determine the
project’s success and identify the lessons learned.

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 Perform Project Review
Closure Project
Completion

Figure 19: Project Closure

The deadline of closing the project is June 2018. But it will not be possible to close the project
with the dead line.

The project will be successfully closed when it will be able to supply purified drinking water
from the project to link with Dhaka WASA. After accomplishment of the project China CAMC
Engineers company ltd will deliver the whole responsibility to look up and run the project to
Dhaka WASA.

4.2 Problem Statement

A problem statement is a clear concise description of the issue(s) that need(s) to be addressed by
a problem solving team. It is used to center and focus the team at the beginning, keeps the team
on track during the effort, and is used to validate that the effort delivered an outcome that solves
the problem statement. It has a specific form:

 A problem statement is a clear description of the issue(s), it includes a vision, issue

statement, and method used to solve the problem.
 The 5 'W's can be used to spark the discussion about the problem.
 A problem statement expresses the words that will be used to keep the effort focused and
it should represent a solvable problem.

Vision - what does the world look like if we solve the problem?

Issue Statement - one or two sentences that describe the problem using specific issues. It is not a
"lack of a solution" statement. Method - the process that will get followed to solve the problem.
For example, DMAIC or Kaizen.

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How to get started

The 5 'W's - Who, What, Where, When and Why - is a great tool that helps get pertinent
information out for discussion.

When

What Where

5's of
Who Problem Why
Statement

Figure 20: 5’s of Problem Statement

Who - Who does the problem affect? Specific groups, organizations, customers, etc.

What - What are the boundaries of the problem, e.g. organizational, work flow, geographic,
customer, segments, etc. - What is the issue? - What is the impact of the issue? - What impact is
the issue causing? - What will happen when it is fixed? - What would happen if we didn’t solve
the problem?

When - When does the issue occur? - When does it need to be fixed?

Where - Where is the issue occurring? Only in certain locations, processes, products, etc.

Why - Why is it important that we fix the problem? - What impact does it have on the business
or customer? - What impact does it have on all stakeholders, e.g. employees, suppliers,
customers, shareholders, etc. Each of the answers will help to zero in on the specific issue(s) and
frame the Issue Statement (Ceptara, 2017).

Problem statement of regarding this project

 It is a great challenge for Dhaka City to ensure water supply in adequate quantity and
quality round the year.
 reduce pressure on ground water
 Providing sustainable surface water source management
 remove the impurities
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Vision: “Reducing dependence on underground water by using surface water to produce 450-
million-liter drinkable water per day to meet the ever increasing demand for water in Dhaka”.

The 5W’s of the project

Who – Dhaka WASA & China CAMC Engineers Company Ltd

What - What are the boundaries of the problem- geographic a long distance water supply pipe
line, - What is the issue? Installation of purified water system- What is the impact of the issue? –
Required a specialized team of engineers, - What would happen if we didn’t solve the problem?
Future shortage on ground water.

When - When does the issue occur? - WASA faces extensive shortage of water in Winter season
(December to March)

Where - Where is the issue occurring? - In Dhaka City

Why - Why is it important that we fix the problem? – To reduce the burden on underground
water what impact does it have on the business or customer? Hampers of regular activity of
Garments related work and consumers faces lack of drinking water.

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4.3 Problems & Challenges of the Project
One of the most common issues facing companies today is that they concentrate their
management efforts on executing individual projects, but fail to understand the impact of
these on the wider business. The result is a sub-optimal performance and lower returns for
the project as a whole. The typical problems and challenges facing by the Project Managers
today when managing projects includes,

 Installation of 32km-long transmission pipeline of diameter of 2000 millimeters from

Jashadia to Mitford via Abdullahpur in Keraniganj was a big challenge as the work was
delayed due to expansion work of the Dhaka-Mawa highway connecting the under-
construction Padma Bridge.
 It was also alleged that Wasa’s failure to negotiate properly for the project has increased its
cost by 10%.
 The selected Chinese company appointed Chinese technical human resources who govern the
entire project. On the other side all the non-technical works are done by Bangladeshi people
almost those are illiterate. So every employer’s faces communication distance. The project
manager appointed only five interpreters to reduce language barriers.

 By this time, this project only completed 40% works. Rest has to be fulfilled by December,
2018. This seems quite impossible for all project workers. This work also delayed for the
construction work of Padma Bridge & Railway.
 Most of the Technology & supplies are collected from china which is time consuming &
increasing the resource cost. As supplies collection delayed, its result in waste of resources.
There arising difficulties on the application of Chinese technology due to non-adequate
resource personnel in this project.
 Some of supplies collected from the local market. The quality that requires the project can’t
be obtained by those products. Pipeline seems easily fragile. Quality of those products is not
maintained according to the demand.
 Accommodation facility for the workers is below the standard. They are not getting quality
food & they always have complained with the living standard. Proper care is not taken.

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4.4 Technical & Financial Aspects
4.4.1 Technical Aspects
The Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development is likely to select Chinese contractor
M/S CMC Engineering Company Limited to set up a water treatment plant at Munshiganj at a
cost of Tk3,508 crore. China CAMC Engineering Co Ltd has lot of experiences to implement
such kind of projects around the globe. The plant will be set up on 94 acres of land at Josholdia,
an adjacent area of the Padma River under Munshiganj district. A 33 kilometre-long pipe line
from Josholdia to Mitford, Dhaka will be set up to supply water from the plant.

The project will help to develop a new surface water supply scheme, reinforce the distribution
network in Dhaka by developing a new surface water supply scheme from Padma river and
extend the distribution network. The surface aerators installed directly in the canal increase the
concentration of oxygen in the water and improve the efficiency of the second step of the
pretreatment, consisting of biological nitrification. Biological nitrification using the Meteor
process reduces the ammonia levels in the raw water and prevents the development of algae.

The project will consist of three components:

 Investments for a new surface water system: This will include a water intake at Padma
River, two large raw water transmission pipelines and a water treatment plant.
 Investments for distribution network: This will include reinforcing the water distribution
network to provide inhabitants with treated water, access to safe water to low income
communities.
 Project Management and capacity building: This includes training, promoting best
engineer practices and support for the implementation of a social program.

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4.4.2 Financial Issues
Financial Aspects: Dhaka Water and Sewerage Authority (Dwasa) has taken three mega projects
involving Tk 13,347 crore, aiming to increase its surface water supply to 70 percent from the
existing 22 percent by 2021. The Padma (Jasholdia) Water Treatment Project is one of them. The
Padma (Jashaldia) Water Treatment Plant would be constructed at Jashaldia under Louhjong
Upazila of Munsiganj district at a cost of Taka 3,508 crore with the financial support of China.

In 2012, China committed to a loan of US$290.8 million at a 2% interest rate via the Chinese
Exim Bank for Bangladesh to build the Padma water treatment plant. Exim bank's financing
purportedly involves both a concessional loan and preferential buyer's credit, but it is unclear
how much of the project either modality is financing. The remaining amount for the project will
be funded by the government of Bangladesh. The treatment plant is expected to be completed in
June 2016, and will have a daily treatment capacity of about 450,000 tons. The project is
currently being built. Upon completion, it can help alleviate the water needs of a quarter of the
population in Bangladesh.

WASA is contributing Tk. 22 crores and the government contributes Tk. 1073.15 crores. The
EXIM Bank of China is providing around Tk. 2,280.02 crores at 2% interest rate while
remaining amount of the project will be funded from the national exchequer. This is the first time
China is financing a treatment plant in Bangladesh. CAMC Engineer Company Ltd of China is
responsible to implement the Project.

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Part-05: Learning, Recommendation and Conclusion

5.1 Qualities of a Good Project Manager

A project manager is the person responsible for leading a project from its inception to execution.
This includes planning, execution and managing the people, resources and scope of the project.
Project managers must have the discipline to create clear and attainable objectives and to see
them through to successful completion. The project manager has full responsibility and authority
to complete the assigned project.

To accomplish the project with efficiency and effectiveness the project manager must have to
develop the following qualities,

Inspires a Shared Vision

An effective project leader is often described as having a vision of where to go and the ability to
articulate it. Visionaries thrive on change and being able to draw new boundaries. Project
Managers offer people opportunities to create their own vision, to explore what the vision will
mean to their jobs and lives, and to envision their future as part of the vision for the
organization. (Bennis, 1997)

Good Communicator

The ability to communicate with people at all levels is almost always named as the second most
important skill by project managers and team members. Project leadership calls for clear
communication about goals, responsibility, performance, expectations and feedback.

Integrity

Good leadership demands commitment to, and demonstration of, ethical practices. Creating
standards for ethical behavior for oneself and living by these standards. Leadership motivated by
self-interest does not serve the well-being of the team. Leadership based on integrity represents
nothing less than a set of values others share, behavior consistent with values and dedication to
honesty with self and team members. In other words the leader "walks the talk" and in the
process earns trust.

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Enthusiasm

Enthusiastic leaders are committed to their goals and express this commitment through
optimism. Leadership emerges as someone expresses such confident commitment to a project
that others want to share his or her optimistic expectations. Enthusiasm is contagious and
effective leaders know it.

Inspires a Shared
Vision

Ability to Delegete
Good Communicator
Task

Competence Integrity

Problem Solving Skills Enthusiasm

Figure 21: Qualities of a Good Project Manager

Competence

Having a winning track record is the surest way to be considered competent. Expertise in
leadership skills is another dimension in competence. The ability to challenge, inspire, enable,
model and encourage must be demonstrated if leaders are to be seen as capable and competent.

Ability to Delegate Tasks

Individuals who are unable to trust other people often fail as leaders and forever remain little
more that micro-managers, or end up doing all of the work themselves.

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Cool Under Pressure

In a perfect world, projects would be delivered on time, under budget and with no major
problems or obstacles to overcome. But we don't live in a perfect world - projects have problems.
A leader with a hardy attitude will take these problems in stride. Out of the uncertainty and chaos
of change, leaders rise up and articulate a new image of the future that pulls the project
together (Bennis 1997).

Team-Building Skills

A team builder can best be defined as a strong person who provides the substance that holds the
team together in common purpose toward the right objective. In order for a team to progress
from a group of strangers to a single cohesive unit, the leader must understand the process and
dynamics required for this transformation.

Problem Solving Skills

Although an effective leader is said to share problem-solving responsibilities with the team. They
have a fresh, creative response to here-and-now opportunities, and not much concern with how
others have performed them. (Kouzes, 1987)

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5.2 Learning from the Entire Apprenticeship
International Project Management is a vast discipline. It requires both sound theoretical and
practical knowledge to develop a good command over it. The key leanings from the study of
analyzing the project Padma Water Treatment Plant is stated below,

 Learning about project Life Cycle

 Getting introduced with actually how real projects work
 Knowing Work Breakdown Structure, PERT Chart and other important tools
 Identified the qualities of a good Project manager
 Dealing with the three Constraints of the Project
 Communication problem with International projects
 Interest of Different Stakeholders in a Project
 Presence of Multi level Subcontractors
 Resource Requirements of a Project
 Financial and technical Issues related to a Project.

5.3 Conclusion
Padma Water Treatment Plant is one of the important megaprojects in Bangladesh which will
provide direct benefit to the people living in the capital city Dhaka. The project has huge social
and environmental value because it will reduce the reliance of underground water and alleviate
the water scarcity in the city. The budget of the project is 3508 crore taka. The project is 40 %
complete till now and expected to be finished by December, 2018. Being an International
project, it faces a number of problems and challenges most importantly communication problem,
Poor Infrastructure and technological adaptation.

At present the project is running its construction on full speed. The project manager and the
subcontractors are very optimistic to accomplish it by the deadline. Though having some smell
of corruption in tender offering and project cost increase, turning the project into a reality will be
a great achievement for the government and all the other stakeholders associated with it.

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References
1. Archive.dhakatribune.com. (2017). Padma Treatment Plant gets consultants | Dhaka Tribune.
[online] Available at: http://archive.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2014/nov/24/padma-
treatment-plant-gets-consultants [Accessed 26 Nov. 2017].

2. Bennis, W., 1997. "Learning to Lead," Addison-Wesley, MA.

3. Ceptara.com. (2017). How To Write A Problem Statement | Ceptara. [online] Available at:
http://www.ceptara.com/blog/how-to-write-problem-statement [Accessed 26 Nov. 2017].

4. Correspondent, S. (2017). New plant in Munshiganj to treat Padma water. [online] The Daily
Star. Available at: http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-251302 [Accessed 26 Nov. 2017].

5. Kouzes, J. M: "The Leadership Challenge," Jossey-Bass Publishers, CA.

6. New Age | The Outspoken Daily. (2017). Dhaka WASA hopes to double surface water
supply by 2019. [online] Available at: http://www.newagebd.net/article/16364/dhaka-wasa-
hopes-to-double-surface-water-supply-by-2019 [Accessed 26 Nov. 2017].
7. Padma (Jashaldia) Water Treatment Plant Progect In Bangladesh." China CAMC
Engineering Co., Ltd. Available
From> http://www.camce.com.cn/en/project/water/1407719757-502.html. [Accessed on:
November 22, 2017]
8. Project Management Guide. (2017). What is Work Breakdown Structure in Project
Management? - Project Management Guide. [online] Available at:
https://www.wrike.com/project-management-guide/faq/what-is-work-breakdown-structure-
in-project-management/ [Accessed 25 Nov. 2017].

9. The Daily Observer. (2017). Padma Water Treatment Plant to go into operation by Dec 2018
- Miscellaneous - observerbd.com. [online] Available at:
http://www.observerbd.com/details.php?id=75629 [Accessed 26 Nov. 2017].

10. Wateronline.com. (2017). ECNEC Clears Tk 3509b DWASA Water Treatment Plant Project.
[online] Available at: https://www.wateronline.com/doc/ecnec-clears-tk-b-dwasa-water-
treatment-plant-project-0001 [Accessed 26 Nov. 2017].

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Appendix
Here are some Photographs during our visit to the Project,

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