Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Microorganisms
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Nitrification Denitrification
Organic N compounds
Nitrate-nitrogen NO3-N
(urea, proteins, etc.)
Hydrolysis and ammo- Nitrate reductase
nification - Oxygen
Table 3: Causes and effects of nutrient deficiencies in the biological stage of wastewater treatment
Shortage of Causes/Origin of the wastewater Possible consequences Corrective action
Carbon • Long dwell time in the sewerage • Profuse development of filamentous • Bypass the primary treatment
network bacteria (sludge bulking and foam) • Increase the denitrification volume while
• Far-reaching primary treatment of • Insufficient denitrification retaining sufficient volume for the nitrification
the wastewater (minimum sludge age of 9 days)
• Industrial wastewater with a high
nitrogen content, e.g. from milk and
meat processing
Nitrogen Low-nitrogen wastewater from: • High COD/TOC values in the inflow Balance the nutrient ratio by:
• Paper industry of the wastewater treatment plant • Addition of N compounds
• Fruit and vegetable processing • Filamentous bacteria (good-value industrial products such as urea)
• Addition of domestic wastewater, turbid water
from digester
Phosphorus • Landfill leachate, wastewater from • Increased COD/TOC values in the Balance the nutrient ratio by:
fruit and vegetable processing outflow • Addition of P compounds (good-value industrial
• Filamentous bacteria products such as phosphoric acid or phosphate
fertilisers for the agricultural sector)
• Addition of domestic wastewater
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Conclusions
Unfavourable nutrient ratios and high
Table 8: External carbon sources for calculating the necessary dosage concentrations of individual substances
Acetic acid Methanol Ethanol reduce the degradation efficiency of
COD kg/kg 1.07 1.50 2.09 biological wastewater treatment proces-
TOC kg/kg 0.40 0.38 0.52
ses. Early recognition and continuous
BOD5 kg/kg 0.70 0.96 1.35
Density kg/m3 1,060 790 780 monitoring of critical parameters is there-
In this example, 1 kg acetic acid is equivalent to 1.07 kg COD. fore essential in order to enable plant
operators to take rapid corrective action
when necessary. Only in this way can
compliance with legal outflow values be
ensured and unnecessarily high waste-
water levies be avoided. LANGE cuvette
tests and continuously operating process
measurement devices have demonstra-
ted that they are indispensable aids
to achieving greater transparency and
reliability.
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Filter
Final sedimentation
Thickener
Aeration
Primary settling
®
Screen/grit chamber
Digester
¬
Channel
Storm-water tank
Sludge dewatering
Fig. 2: Schematic representation of a wastewater treatment plant with measurement locations for nutrient monitoring
NUTRIENTS_MEASUREMENT SOLUTIONS
SC 200 Controller Controls up to two sensors (not for AMTAX sc or PHOSPHAX sc). bleme auf Kläranlagen durch Blähschlamm,
Schwimmschlamm, Schaum, Springer-Verlag
2000
6. D. Jenkins, M. G. Richard, G. T. Daigger:
Manual on the causes and control of activa-
ted sludge bulking, foaming, and other solids
separation problems, Lewis Publishers 2004
7. Poster „Betriebssicherheit und Kosteneinspa-
rung mit HACH LANGE“, DOC140.72.00449