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Applied Grammar
Pronoun- Person table

Person Subject Object Relative (1) Relative(2) self

With noun Without noun

I Me My Mine My self
Ist
We Us Our Ours Ourselves
IInd You You Your Yours yourself
He Him His His Himself
She Her Her Hers Herself
IIIrd
It It It‟s Its Itself
They Them Their Theirs Their selves

1. TENSE
Use of verbs in tense
Tense Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect
Continuous

Present 1st form 1st form +ing 3rd form 1st form +ing

Past Positive 1st form +ing 3rd form 1st form +ing
Sentence es
2nd form
vU; lHkh 1st
from
Future 1st form 1st form +ing 3rd form 1st form +ing

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Use of helping verbs in tense
Root verbs Do Be Have Have+been
Tense Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect
Continuous

Present Do-P Is-S Have –P Have+ been- P

Does-S Are-P Has-S Has+ been –S
Am-I
Past Was- S Had Had+been
Did Were-P
Future Shall- I&We Shall be Shall have Shall have been
Will-other Will be
subject Will have Will have been
Note :- p- plural subject

s- singular subject

Golden Rules
for
Filling Correct Forms Of Verbs

Present indefinite tense

Rule:1:- Daily, always, usually, seldom, often, every(day, month,
weak, year………….) vkfn preset indefinite tense ds iz;qDr gksrs gS&
Examples: (1) she…….(come)to see me every month.

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(2)I …………(go) to school daily
(3)My uncle always…….(take) tea in the morning.
Ans :- (i) comes (ii) go (iii) takes
Rule-2 modals (can,could,may,mifht,must,shall,will,would,should,ought
to, need not) ds ckn ges’kk verb dh 1st form gh vkrh gSA
Examples: (1) she can……(do) this work
(2)Yours sister could…………(bring) some fruits for me.
ans:- (i) do (ii) bring

2. present Continuous
Rule-1 ;fn fjDr LFkku ds ckn dks"V es be fn;k gks rFkk okD; orZeku dky esa gks rks
fjDr LFkku eas is/ar/am vk;sxa rFkk verb dh 1st form es ing tksM nsxaAs
Exampales :-
(1) He …….(be) a teacher.
(2) Ramesh…………..(be cook) food.
Ans (i) is (ii) is cooking
Rule-2 while, as, still vkfn 'kCnks ds ckn is/are/am+verb dh 1st form +ing
dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
Eaxmple- (i) The boy brought a letter and he……..(still wait) for your
reply.
Ans:- is still waiting

3.present perfect tense

Rule-1 ;fn okD; esa just,yet,already, vkfn 'kCn gks rks okD; present perfect
tense dk gksrk gS vr% bles has/have+main verb 3rd form vk;sxhA

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Examples: (1) Ram is not at home. He ……(go) to hospital just now.
(3)They ……… (already finish) their work and now they will
go to the cinema.
(Ans) (i)has gone (ii) have already finished

4. Present Perfect Continuous

Rule: 1. ;fn le; ls igys since / for / all gks vkSj okD; lekIr gks x;k gks rks
fjDr LFkku esa has been vFkok have been + verb esa ing vk;sxk A
Exmaple :- (i) My brother…..(cook) for two hours.
(ii) Rani……(teach) to him since 9 o‟ clock.
Ans:- (i) has been cooking (ii) has been teaching

Rule2 :- ;fn nks okD; fn;s x;s gks vkSj fdlh Hkh ,d okD; esa le; ls igys
since / for / all gks rFkk nwljk okD; present tense esa gks rks fjDr LFkku esa has
been / have been + verb esa ing tqMx s kA
Examples :-
(1) Raju….(write) a story since morning , but he has not finished it
yet.
(2) You……(waste) my time since 9 o‟ clock, you may go now.
Ans:- (i) has been writing (ii) have been wasting

Rule -3 ;fn okD; ds chp esa since gks rks fdUrq since ds ckn le; ugha fn;k gks
rks since ds igys has been / have been + verb esa ing rFkk since ds ckn dh
IInd form vk;sxh A
Examples :- (i) Mother…….. (sleep) since you ….. ..(go) to office.

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(ii)Rani……….(sing) songs since she……(take) food.
Ans:- (i) has been sleeping , went
(ii) has been singing , took

Past Indefinite
Rule 1: Yesterday, last (week, month, Year………..)vkfn 'kCn past
tense ds lwpd gSa A ;fn okD; eas ;s 'kCn gks rks verb dh IInd form vk;sxh A
Examples:-
1. she………(go) to Jaipur yesterday.
2. We……….(visit) the zoo last month.
Answer:- (i) went (ii) visited
Rule :2 ;fn okD; past tense es ’kq: gks rks izk;% iwjk okD; past tensees pysxkA
Examples:-
1. Radha………….(cook) and went to market.
2. When I was reading, I……..(hear) a loud noise.
Answer:- (i) cooked (ii) heard

5. Past continuous
Rule: 1 ;fn fjDr LFkku ds ckn dks"Bd es be fn;k gks rFkk okD; past tense es gks rks
st
fjDr LFkku es Was/were vk,xk rFkk verb dh I form es ing tksM nsaxsA

Examples:-
1. He………(be read) a letter yesterday.
Answer:- was reading
Rule:2 ;fn okD; es when gks rFkk when ds ckn verb dh IIst form gksrks nwljk
okD; ds fjDr LFkku es Was/were+ verb dh Ist form es ing tksM nsx
a sA
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Examples:-
1. I…….. (read) a book when sita come in.
2. My mother………(wait) for me when I returned home.
Answer:- (i) was reading (ii) was waiting

Rule:3 while ds ckn Was/were+ verb dh Ist form es ing dk iz;ksx djsx
a sA
Example-
1. The teacher come late while the students………...for him.
Answer:- were waiting

7. Past Perfect
Rule:1 ;fn okD; es before ds igys had+ verb dh IIIrd form gksrks before ds ckn
verb dh IIst form vk,xhA
Examples:-
1. My sister had cooked food before I …………(reach) the home.
2. The patient had died before the doctor………(come).
Answer:- (i) reached (ii) came
Rule:2 ;fn okD; es before ds ckn had+ verb dh IInd form gksrks before ds igys
rd
had+verb dh III form vk,xhA

Examples:-

1. My sister………(cook) food before I reached the home.

2. The patient………..(die) before the doctor came.

Answer;- (i) had cooked (ii) had died

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Rule:3 ;fn okD; es after ds igys verb dh IInd form gksrks after ds ckn had+ verb
rd
dh III form vk,xhA

Examples:-

1. I washed my shirt after I………(go) to Jaipur.

2. Rahul cooked food after seela……..(write) a story.

Answer:- (i) had gone (ii) had written

Rule:4 ;fn okD; es after ds ckn had gks rks after ds igys verb dh IIrd form
vk,xhA
Examples:-

1. Sita…….(go) to school after she had finished her work.

2. Rahul……….(cook) food after seela had writer a story.

Answer:- (i) went (ii) cooked

8. Past perfect continuous

Rule:-1 ;fn le; ls igys since/for gks vkSj okD; lekIr gks x;k gks rks fjDr LFkku es
st
had been+verb dh I form+ ing vk,xh A (;fn okD; past tense es gks)

Examples;-

1. She……..(live) in this house since 1999.

2. Raju ……….(write) a story for two hours yesterday.

Answer;- (i) had living (ii) had writing

Rule;2 ;fn nks okD; fn, gks vkSj fdlh ,d okD; es le; ls igys since/for gks rFkk nqljs
rd rd
okD; es verb dh II form gks rks since/for ds igys had been+verb dh I form es
ing tksM nsx
a sA
Examples:-

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1. Sita………(suffer) from fever for five days when she received the
invitation.
2. Sita…………..(teach) in this school for ten years when I read last
year.
Answer:- (i) had been suffering (ii) had been teaching.

9. Future Indefinite
Rule:1 ;fn okD; es tomorrow, next (day, weak, year, month, year,
Monday………etc) fn, gks rks okD; future tense dk gSA
*I o we ds lkFk shall + verb dh Ird form dk iz;ksx djsxa As
rd
*I o we dks NksMdj vU; drkZvks ds lkFk will + verb dh I form dk iz;ksx djsx
a As

Examples:-

1. I…….(go) to school tomorrow.

2. She …………(come) here on next Monday.
Answer:- (i) shall go (ii) will come

10.Future Continuous
bl Tense es Hkfo"; es dk;Z pyrs jgus dh dYiuk dh tkrh gSA
*I o we ds lkFk shall be + verb dh Ird form+ ing dk iz;ksx djsxa As
rd
*I o we dks NksMdj vU; drkZvks ds lkFk will be + verb dh I form+ ing dk
iz;ksx djsx
a As

Examples:-

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1. He……….(write) a story next day.

Answer:- will writing.

11. Future perfect tense

Rule:-1;fn le; ls igys by gks rks fjDr LFkku es will have/ shall have+ verb dh IIIrd
form+ ing vk,xhA

Examples:-

1. He……..(leave) for school by 10 a.m.

2. She……….(return) from jaipur by 2014.

Answer:- (i) will have left (ii) will have returned

12. Future perfect continuous

Ikgpku%&

i. okD; es future tense lwpd ’kCn ds igys by/on ’kCn gksrs gSA
ii. le; ls igys since/for gksrs gSA
iii. okD; es when ds ckn verb dh Ird form gksA

Rule:-1. Will have been/ shall have been+ verb Hkh Ird form+ ing dk iz;ksx djsx
a As

Example:-

1. Anita………(play) football for two hours by six O‟ clock.

2. Ramesh…………(live) in this house for five year by 2020.

Answer:- (i) will have been playing (ii) will have been living

Imperative sentence
Ikgpku%&

i. Verb dh Ird form ls okD; vkjaEHk gksrs gSA

ii. Do/do not ls okD; vkjaEHk gksrs gSA

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iii. Please/ kindly ls okD; vkjaEHk gksrs gSA

Rule:-1 ;fn okD; please ’kq: gks mlds rqjar ckn czsfdV es not+ verb dh Ird
form gks rks not ls igys do vkSj tksM nsax
s sA

Example:-

1. Please…………(not make) a noise.

Answer:- (i) do not make

Rule:-2 Imperative sentence okD; ds ckn ;fn nqljk okD; Hkh gks rks nqljk okD; es
is/am/are+ verb dh Istform+ ing dk iz;ksx djsx
a As

Example:-

1. Do not get out now, the train……..(move) fast.

2. Look! The man…….(run) after the bus, perhaps he wants to catch it.

Answer:- (i) is moving (ii) is running

2. Modals
Modals:- Modal ’kCn vaxzsth ds mood ’kCn ls cuk gSA Mood dk vFkZ „euksHkko ;k ekufld
n’kk gksrk gSA ;s lgk;d fØ;k;s gksrs gSA vr% os Helping verb tks oDrk ds euksHkko dks izdV djrs
gS] Modal dgykrs gSA

Modals dh fo’ks"krk,%&

i. Modals dHkh&Hkh vdsys ugh vkrs gS ;s lnSo main verb ds lkFk iz;qDr gksrs gS ;s okLro
es Helping verb gksrs gSA
ii. Modals ds ckn ges’kk verb dh 1st form dk iz;ksx gksrk gSaA

1. Can :- can dk iz;ksx ’kfDr] lkeF;Z] {kerk o ;ksX;rk ds Hkko ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
&able(;ksX;) Ability (;ksX;rk) , Capacity-{kerk , Power 'kfDr , strength- 'kfDr ,
Most informal request – lokZf/kd vukSipkfjd fuosnu

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Examples :- (i) I can do this work easily (capacity)

(ii) He can run fast.

(iii) My grandmother is over sixty, but she can still read without
glasses.

2. Cannot dk iz;ksx can ds udkjkRed :i esa gksrk gSA

Not allowed to ( vkKk ugh) Not permitted to (vuqefr ugha)

Examples: (i) Pakistan cannot attack India.

(ii) This is examination room so you cannot use mobile here.

3. Could:- can ds past :i eas could dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA ;fn okD; past tense eas fn;k
gks –
Past able, past ability, past capacity, past power, past strength.
Polite request (fouze foosnu) ds fy, could dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS ( ;fn ftl O;fDr
ls fuonsu fd;k tk jgk gS mldk ml oLrq ij vf/kdkj gks)

Examples:- (i) I could do this work. (post capacity)

(ii) I could buy a car because I was rech.

(iii) Could I take your pen? ( polite request)

(iv) Could you help me, please.

4. May:- may dk iz;ksx lEHkkouk] ’kqHkdkeukvks] vk’hkokZn] vuqefr nsus ;k ysus ds fy, fd;k
tkrk gSA
& Possible (lEHko), Possibility (lEHkkouk),allowed(vkKk nsuk), permission(vuqefr),
wish(’kqHkdkeuk), bless(vk’khokZn), formal permission(vkSipkfjd vuqefr),
likehood(lEHkkouk)

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Examples:–

i. He may win this match. (Possibility)

ii. May you live long life.(bless)
iii. May I come in, sir? (formal permission)

* ’krZ okys okD;ks es so that ds lkFk orZeku dky es may dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

Examples:- (i). She is working hard so the she may get good marks.

(ii). There are clouds in the sky. So, it may rain today.

5.May not:- may not dk iz;ksx No formal permission (vkSipkfjd vuqefr ugh) ds
vFkZ es fd;k tkrk gSA

Example:- No, you may not come in. [No formal permission]

6.Might:- might, may dk past :Ik gksrk gSA might dk iz;ksx {kh.k lEHkkouk ds fy,
fd;k tkrk gSA past possibility, Remote possibility({kh.k lEHkkouk)

Examples:- (i). There are not clouds in the sky. So it might rain today.

ii. He is very poor students, he might pass.

7. Must:- Must dk iz;ksx ck/;rk] vfuok;Zrk] vko’;drk] etcwjh o vkns’k vkfn dks
O;Dr djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

& Obligation (ck/;rk), necessary(vko’;d), necessity(vko’;drk), compulsory(vfuok;Z),

compulsion (etcwjh)certain(fuf’pr), sure(fuf’pr), determine(fuf’pr djuk),
mandatory(vfuok;Zrk), order(vkns’k)

Examples:- (i)Student must come in uniform.

(ii)Soldiers must follow the order of the officer.

8. Must not:- must not dk iz;ksx fu"ks/k ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

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& Prohibition (fu"ks/k), not allowed(vkKk ugh nsuk), forbade(euk djuk), not
compulsory(vfuok;Z ugh)

Examples:- (i).you have T.B. you must not smoke.

(ii).You must not walk in the middle of the road.

9. Would:- would dk iz;ksx fouez fuosnu] Hkwrdkyhu vknr ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
bldk iz;ksx will ds past :Ik es Hkh gksrk gSA

& polite request(lk/kkj.k fouez fuosnu), please,kindly(n;kyqrk ls), past habit(past

habitual and repeated actions(Hkwrdkyhu vknr)

Examples:- (i) I would swim in my childhood.

(ii)You would tell me about my child.

10. Should:- should dk iz;ksx lykg] lq>ko o drZO; okys okD;ks es gksrk gSA bldk
iz;ksx shall ds past :Ik es Hkh gksrk gSA

& advice(lykg), suggestion(lq>ko), moral duty(uSfrd drZO;), moral obligation(uSfrd

ck/;rk)

Examples:- (i).You should obey your parents.

(ii).He should welcome his guest.

11. Ought to:- ought to dk iz;ksx lykg] lq>ko o drZO; okys okD;ks es gksrk gSA
& advice(lykg), suggestion(lq>ko), moral duty(uSfrd drZO;), moral obligation(uSfrd
ck/;rk)

Note:- ;fn fn, gq, fjDr LFkku ds vUr es to fn;k gks rks dk ought iz;ksx djsx
a s vU;Fkk should
dk iz;ksx djsx
a As

Golden Rule:- vxj okD; es fjDr LFkku ds rqjar ckn to fn;k gks rks dk ought to iz;ksx
djsx
a sA

Examples:- (i)You ought to obey your parents.

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(ii)He ought to welcome his guest.

12. Will:- will ekWMy ds :Ik es *vo’;* dk Hkko nsrk gSA bldk iz;ksx oknk] /kedh vkfn ds
vFkZ es Future tense es I o we ds lkFk fd;k tkrk gSA

& Promise(oknk), Threat(/kedh)

Examples:- (i)We will do this work in favour of you.( Promise)

(ii)I will kill you, if you punish me. (threat)

13. Shall:-shall ekWMy ds :Ik es *vo’;* dk Hkko nsrk gSA shall dk iz;ksx oknk] /kedh vkfn
ds vFkZ es Future tense es I o we dks NksMdj fd;k tkrk gSA

Examples:- (i).My son shall help you in your work. (promise )

(ii).He shall kill you, if you punish me.( threat)

Exercises
Secondary Board Examination ;2012
Exercise-1 Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given blow.

(can, could, may, must, might)

(i) There are clouds in the sky. So it may rain today.

(ii) His lungs have become very weak. So he must give up smoking.
(iii) My grandmother is over sixty, but she can still read without glasses.
(iv) He belonged to a poor family therefore, he could not buy a car.

Board modal paper- 2013

Exercise:- 2 Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given blow.

(can, could, may, should, might)

(i) Raju is very intelligent he…….. get Ist Division in the board examination.
(ii) You are very weak, you……….take nutricious food.

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(iii) He ………….play football, When he was in school.
(iv) You have completed your homework, now you……….go.

Answer. (i) can (ii) should (iii) could (iv) may

Exercise:- 3 Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given blow.

(can, could, may, must, might)

(i) There are not clouds in the sky, but it………rain today.
(ii) Your son has got a first position in the board‟s exam. He………….be a
very intelligent boy.
(iii) She was a rich lady so she………buy a car for her son.
(iv) The patient is very serious. He………..die at any time.

Answer (i)might (ii) must (iii) could (iv) may

Exercise:- 4 Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given blow.

(can, could, may, ought to, might)

(i) The last bus has gone, so he………come now.

(ii) ………..you help me, please?
(iii) I………..solve any question of this exercise
(iv) The clouds are dark, so it ………….rain today.

Answer. (i) might (ii) could (iii) can (iv) may

Exercise:-5 Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given blow.

(can, could, ought to, should, would )

(i) I……….run fast when I was young.

(ii) You are ill. You……..take rest.
(iii) She……..speak Hindi well.
(iv) You………..to serve your old parents.

Answer. (i) could (ii) should (iii) can (iv) ought to

Exercise:- 6 Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given blow.

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(ought to, shall, will, must, should)

(i) You………do your duty honestly.

(ii) My son……….help you.
(iii) I……….help you.
(iv) We………to be a good citizen.

Answer. (i) should (ii) shall (iii) will (iv) ought to

Exercise:- 7 Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given blow.

(may, must, might, should, would)

(i) He…… play football in his childhood.

(ii) You….look after your old father.
(iii) Those boy……….pass because they are negligent to studies.
(iv) A soldier……..be in the uniform.

Answer. (i) would (ii) should (iii) might (iv)must

3. Active to passive
Rule:-1. Passive es ges’kk verb dh IIIrd form yxkbZ tkrh gSA

tSls%& (i) He is reading newspaper.

(M.V.)

P= Newspaper is being read. (verb IIIrd) by him.

(ii) Are you teaching maths?

P= Is maths being taught(verb IIIrd) by you?

Rule:- 2. Passive cukrs le; helping verb dk change fuEu lkj.kh vuqlkj gksxk:-

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Change of helping verb
S.R. Active voice Passive voice
1 Do/Does Is/ Are/Am
2 Is/ Are/Am Is/ Are/Am + Being
3 Has/Have Has/Have+ Been
4 Did Was/ Were
5 Was/ Were Was/ Were + Being
6 Had Had been
7 Shall/Will Shall / Will + Be
8 Shall Have/ Will Have Shall have / Will have +Been
9 Modal Modal + Be

Change of Helping verbs According Tense

Simple continuous Perfect
Tense
Active Passive Active Passive Active Passive

Root Do Be Be Be +Being Have Have+been

Verbs

Do-P Is-S Is-S Is+being Have –P Have+ been

Does-S Are-P Are-P Are+ being Has-S Has+ been
Present Am-I Am-I Am+ being

Was- S Was- S Was+Being Had Had+been

Were-P Were-P Were+
Past Did Being

Shall be Shall - - Shall Shall have

Shall- I&We be have been
Future Will-other Will be - -
subject Will be Will Will have
have been

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Note :- p- plural subject

s- singular subject

Rule:- 3. Active ls passive cukrs le; Active ds subject dks ’kq: es by yxkdj passive
dk object cuk fn;k tkrk gS tSls&

(i) Ramesh has prepared tea.

P- Tea has been prepared by Ramesh.
(ii) He gives me a lot more money.
P- I am given a lot more money by him.
Or

A lot more money is given to me by him.

Rule:-4. Active ls passive cukrs le; Active ds object dks passive dk subject cuk fn;k
tkrk gS tSls&

1. He likes tea at 4.00PM every evening.

p- Tea is liked at 4.00PM every evening by him.
2. Do you write letters?
p- Are letters written by you?

Formula:-

(1) A.V.- (S.) +M.V.+(ob.)+ Ot.?

P.V.- S(ob.)+H.V.(be)+M.V.(III)+ot+by+ob(S).

Example:-

A.V.:- I have given him a book.

P.V. :- He has been given a book by me.

Or

A book has been given to him by me.

Simple Present

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S- (S)+M.V.+(O.)

P.V.- S(O)+Is/Are/Am+M.V.(III)+by+O.(S)

N- (S)+H.V.+not+M.V.+O

P.V- S.(O)+Is/Are/Am+not+M.V.(III)+by+O.(S)

I.- H.V.+(S)+M.V.+(O)+?

P.V.- Is/Am/Are+S(O)+M.V.(III)+by+O(S)+?

I.N.- H.V.+(S)+Not+M.V.+(O)+?

P.V.- Is/Am/Are+S(O)+not+M.V.(III)+by+O(S)+?

Examples:-

1. You do not do your work.

P.- Your work is not done by you.

2. I give money to my father.

P.- Money is given to my father by me.

3. I do my duties.
P.- My duties are done by me.

4. Do you like your house?

P.- Is your house liked by you?

5. I do not know the shopkeeper.

P.- The shopkeeper is not known by me.

6. Do I not decorate the home?

P.- Is the home not decorated by me?

7. Does your father build the houses?

P.- Are the houses built by your father?

8. She prepares food for everybody in this family.

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P.- Food for everybody in this family is prepared by her.
OR
Food is prepared for everybody in this family by her.

9. Does Raman not ask his teachers some questions about national problems?
P.- Are his teachers not asked some questions about the national problems
by Raman?

10. I do not like book which was given to you.

P.- The book which was given to you is not liked by me.

11. Do you not teach them Hindi?

P.- Are they not taught Hindi by me?

12. He always reads newspaper.

P.- Newspaper is always read by him.

13. Rahul does not have the book.

P.- The book is not had by Rahul.

*Passvie cukrs le; fufEuf[kr subject dks object cukdj ugh fy[kk tkrk gSA
1) They
2) We
3) This……..
4) That………
5) These……..
6) Those…….
7) ………people………
8) ……….person……..
9) Every…….
10) Some….....
11) Any……
12) No one, no body

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13) Police
14) Students
15) Boys
16) Girls
17) The teachers

Examples:-

1. The teachers teach the student.

P.- The students are taught.

2. They do not ask the questions in the class room.

P.- The questions are not asked in the class room.

3. We do not say them anything.

P.- They are not said anything.

4. Every student says something about this book.

P.- Something about this book is said.

5. These boys play football at 4.30PM.

P.- Football is played at 4.30.

6. These People never cut the trees in this village.

P.- The trees are never cut in this village.

7. He does his home work.

P.- His home work is done by him.

8. Do you like mango the most/

P- Is the mango liked the must?

9. Does he not give his father some money?

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P- Is his father not given some money by him?

Present Continuous
Formula:-

P- (S)+ Is/Am/Are+ M.V. +(O)

P.V._ S.(O)+Is/Am/Are+ Being+ M.V.(III)+By+ O(S)

N.- (s)+ Is/Am/Are+ not+ M.V. +(O)

P.V. S.(O)+Is/Am/Are+ not+ Being+ M.V.(III)+By+ O(S)

I.- Is/ Am/Are+ S+ M.V.+(O)+?

P.V.- Is/ Am/Are+ S(O)+being+ M.V.(III)+by+O(S)+?

I.N.- Is/ Am/Are+ S+ not+ M.V.+(O)

P.V.- Is/ Am/Are+ S(O)+not+ being+ M.V.(III)+by+ O(S)+?

1. Am I not asking you any question?

P.- Are you not asked any question by me?

2. Are they watering the plants in the garden?

P.- Are the plants being watered in the garden?

3. I am not saying something to you.

P.- Something is not being said to you by me.

4. Are they not singing the song?

P.- Is the song not being sung?

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5. Am I not giving you money for your education?
P.- Are you not being given money for your education by me?

6. They are playing the drama for the NGO.

P.- The drama is being played for the NGO.

Present perfect Tense

Formula:-

P- (S)+Has/Have+ M.V.+(O)

P.V.- S(o)+Has/Have+ been+ M.V.(3rd) + by+ O(S)

N.- (S)+Has/Have+ not+ M.V.+(O)

P.V.- S(o)+Has/Have+ not+ been+ M.V.+ by+ O(S)

I- Has/have+ (S)+ M.V.+ (O)+?

P.V.- Has/have+ S(O)+Been+ M.V.+(O)+?

I.N.- Has/Have+ S(O)+not+ been+ M.V.+ by+ O(S)+?

P.V- Has/Have+ S(O)+ not+ been+ M.V.+ by+ O(S)+?

Examples:-

1. He has had this car.

P- This car has been had by him.

2. He has not had this car.

P- This car has not been had by him.

3. Has he had this car?

P- Has this car been had by him?

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4. Has he not had this car?
P- Has this car not been had by him?

5. They have refused me.

P- I have been refused.

6. I have broken this table glass.

P- This table glass has not been broken by me.

7. Have I not broken this table glass?

P-Has this table glass not been broken by me

8. She has asked everybody about her son.

P- Everybody has been asked about her son by her.

Past Simple

P- (S)+ M.V.(II)+(O)

P.V.- S(o)+ Was/Were+ M.V.(III)+ by+ O(S)

N.- (S)+Did+ not+ M.V.(I)+(O)

P.V.- S(o)+Was/Were+ not+ M.V.(III)+ by+ O(S)

I- Did+ (S)+ M.V.(I)+ (O)+?

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P.V.- Was/Were+ S(O)+ M.V(III)+ By+ O(S)+?

I.N.- Did+ (S)+not+ M.V.+ (O)+?

P.V- Was/Were+ S(O)+ not+ M.V. (III)+ by+ O(S)+?

Examples:-

1. He did not do his work.

P.V.- His work was not done by him.

Past Continuous
P- (S)+ Was/Were+ M.V.(I+ing)+(O)

P.V.- S(o)+ Was/Were+ being+ M.V.(III)+ by+ O(S)

N.- (S)+ Was/Were+ not+ M.V.(I+ing)+(O)

P.V.- S(o)+Was/Were+ not+ being+ M.V.(III)+ by+ O(S)

I- Was/Were+ (S)+ M.V.(I+ing)+ (O)+?

P.V.- Was/Were+ S(O)+ Being+ M.V.(III)+ By+ O(S)+?

I.N.- Was/Were+ (S)+not+ M.V.(I+ing)+ by+ (O)+?

P.V- Was/Were+ S(O)+ not+ being+ M.V.(III)+ by+ O(S)+?

Past perfect
P- (S)+ Had+ M.V.(III)+(O)

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P.V.- S(o)+ Had+ Been+ M.V.(III)+ by+ O(S)

N.- (S)+ Had+ not+ M.V.(III)+(O)

P.V.- S(o)+Had + not+ been+ M.V.(III)+ by+ O(S)

I- Had+ (S)+ M.V.(III)+ (O)+?

P.V.- Had+ S(O)+ Been+ M.V.(III)+ By+ O(S)+?

I.N.- Had+ (S)+not+ M.V.(III)+ by+ (O)+?

P.V- Had+ S(O)+ not+ been+ M.V.(III)+ by+ O(S)+?

Example:-

1. I had Taken your book.

P- Your book had been taken by me.

PAST SIMPLE TESNE

1. He did not do his work.

P-His work was not done by him.

2. They did not ask me about my brother who cut his pipeline.
P- I was not asked about my brother who cut his pipeline.

3. Did you like that book which was not available?

P- Was that book which was not available liked by you?

4. Did the blacksmith not make this cutter for the wood cutter?
P- Was this cutter not made for the wood cutter?

Past Perfect

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1. I had taken your book.
P- Your book had been taken by me.

2. Were they watering the plants?

P- Were the plants being watered?

3. Was I not asking them some question in the class room by me?
P- Were they not being asked some question in the class room by me?

4. Had you had that important shop?

P- Had that important shop been had by you?

Simple future
Formula:-

P- (S)+ Will/Shall+ M.V.+(O)

P.V.- S(o)+ Will/Shall+ Be+ M.V.(III)+ by+ O(S)

N.- (S)+ Will/Shall + not+ M.V.+(O)

P.V.- S(o)+ Will/Shall + not+ be+ M.V.(III)+ by+ O(S)

I- Will/Shall + (S)+ M.V.+ (O)+?

P.V.- Will/Shall + S(O)+ Be+ M.V.(III)+ By+ O(S)+?

I.N.- Will/Shall + (S)+not+ M.V.+ by+ (O)+?

P.V- Will/Shall + S(O)+ not+ be+ M.V.(III)+ by+ O(S)+?

Future perfect Tense

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Formula:-

P- (S)+ Will/Shall+ have+ M.V.+(O)

P.V.- S(o)+ Will/Shall+ have+ Been+ M.V(III) + by+ O(S)

N.- (S)+ Will/Shall + not+ have+ M.V.+(O)

P.V.- S(o)+ Will/Shall +not + have + been+ M.V(III) + by+ O(S)

I- Will/Shall + (S)+ have+ M.V.+ (O)+?

P.V.- Will/Shall + S(O)+ have+ Been+ M.V(III)+ By+ O(S)+?

I.N.- Will/Shall + (S)+not+ have+ M.V.+ by+ (O)+?

P.V- Will/Shall + S(O)+ not+ have+ been+ M.V. (III)+ by+ O(S)+?

Example:-

1. I shall not ask your teacher.

P- Your teacher will not be asked by me.

2. They will not have told this man.

P- This man will not have been told.

3. Shall we not have any reason?

P- Will any reason not be had?

4. Will you have refused the king?

P- Will the King have been refused by you?

5. Will the players not play this match?

P- Will this match not be played?

6. Aadesh will not tell me the reason for not coming with me.
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P- I shall not be told the reason for not coming with me by Aadesh.

7. Hari singh will have robbed Anil till tomorrow morning.

P- Anil will have been robbed till tomorrow morning by Hari singh.

*Wh- Group okys sentence dk passive voice

Formula :- WH WORD+H.V+(S)+M.V+(O)?
P- WH WORD +H.V+S(O)+M.V(III)+BY+O(S)?

Examples:-

1. Why was he asking me to go out?

P- Why was I being asked to go out by him?

2. How did you get this house?

P- How was this house got by you?

3. Where is he playing the game?

P- Where is the game being played by him?

4. How are you reading the book without a good eyesight?

P- How is the book being read without a good eyesight by you?

5. How can you beat him?

P- How can he be beaten by you?

6. Why should I obey you?

P- Why should you be obeyed by me?

7. Why shall I cut this line?

P- Why will this line be cut by me?

8. Where will you arrange the party?

P- Where will the party be arranged by you?

9. When have they told you about that loss in income?

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P- When have you been told about that loss income?

10. When will you have done my work?

P- When will my work have been done by you?

Who okys sentences;-

Formula:- Who+h.v.+m.v.+ ob.?

P.V.:-By whom+h.v.+s(ob.)+m.v. (III)?

1. Who can ask him?

P- By whom can he be asked?

2. Who had taken this responsibility?

P- By whom had this responsibility been taken?

3. Who is taking this book?

P- By whom is this book being taken?

4. Who will cut the line?

P- By whom will the line be cut?

Whom okys sentences;-

Formula:- A.V.- Whom+ H.V.+ S.+ M.V.+ ?

P.V.- Who+ H.V.+ M.V.(III)+ By+ O(S)+?

Examples;-

1. Whom can I ask?

P- Who can be asked by me?

2. Whom have you given money?

P- Who has/have been given money by you?

3. Whom will I ask about?

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P- Who will be asked about by me?

4. Whom did he make fool?

P- Who was made fool by him?

Is /are/am/ was/were+going/coming okys sentence.

Formula:-

A.V.:- (S)+is/am/are/was/were+going/coming +to+M.V.(I)+O

P.V.:- S(O)+ is/am/are/was/were+going/coming +to+be+M.V.(III)+by+ O(S)

Examples:-

1. They are going to buy this house.

P- This house is going to be brought.

2. I am coming to ask you about this matter.

P- You are coming to be asked about this matter by me.

3. The police is going to arrest the shopkeeper.

P- The shopkeeper is going to be arrested.

4. She is going to tell you something.

P- You are going to be told something by her.

5. Am I not going to give him food?

P- Is he not going to be given food by me?

6. Why are you going to test this dish?

P- Why is this dish going to be tested by you?

7. When are you going to bring the book?

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P- When is the book going to be brought by you?

Imperative Sentence dk Passive Voice

(A)M.V. dh Ist form ls ’kq: gksus okys sentence

Formula:-

M.V.(I)+ Ob.

P- Let+ ob.+ be+ M.V.(III)

Examples:-

1. Print the newspaper.

P- Let the newspaper be printed.

2. Allow him to go to Jodhpur.

P- Let him be allowed to go to Jodhpur.

3. Cut down the tree.

P- Let the tree be cut down.

4. Put on your school dress.

P- Let your school dress be put on.

(B) Please/kindly ,ao M.V. dh Ist form ls ’kq: gksus okys okD;:-
Formula:-

Please/ kindly+ M.V.(Ist)

P- you are requested to………..

Example:-

1. Teach us please.
P- you are requested to teach.

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2. Go please.
P- You are requested to go.

3. Kindly issue me my T.C.

P- You are requested to issue me my T.C.

4. Please have seat.

P- you are requested to have seat.

5. Go away please.
P- you are requested to go away.

(C) Don’t +M.V. dh Ist form okys okD;

Sentence structure:-

A.V- Don‟t +M.V.(I)+ob

P.V- Let +ob. +not+ be+ M.V.(III)

Examples:-

1. Don‟t ask me.

P- Let me not be asked.

2. Don‟t allow him.

P- Let him not be allow.

3. Don‟t trip the lion.

P- Let the lion not be tripped.

(D) Let+ M.V.+ dh Ist form okys sentences:-

A.V.- Let +ob(i)+M.V.(I)+ob(2)

P.V.- Let+ Ob(2)+ be+ M.V.(III)+to/by+ ob(i).

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Examples:-

1. Let me ask a question.

P- Let a question be asked to me.

2. Let me give money.

P- Let money be given to me.

3. Let him make a plan.

P- Let a plan be made to him.

4. Direct to Indirect
(A) Reported speech es okD; ;fn positive ;k negative gks rks reporting verb es
fuEukuqlkj change gksxkA
(i) Say to- tell
(ii) Says to- tells
(iii) Saying to- telling
(iv) Said to – told

/;ku jgs ;fn say ds ckn to ugh gks rks change ugh gksxkA

(B) Inverted commas es:-

Rule:- reported speech es okD; ;fn positive ;k negative gks rks Inverted
commas dks gVkdj nksuks okD;ks dks that ls tksMk tkrk gSA

(C) Reported speech es change:-

(I) Pronoun lEca/kh change:-

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Rule – Reported speech esa ik;s tkusa okys 3rd person ds pronoun es dksbZ change ugh
gksxk&

Example:-

(i) I am saying to you, “ she has given her sister the book.”
(ii) I am telling you that she has given he sister the book.

Rule – Speech es ik;k tkus okys 1st person ds pronoun ess reporting verb ds subject ds
vuqlkj change gksxkA

Example:-

1. I have said to him,”you are very good student”.

I.D I have told him that he is very good student.

2. Ramesh will say to me, “ I will do your work.

I.D Ramesh will tell me that he shall do my work.

3. The teachers are saying to the students, ”You have to do yours work”.

I.D The teachers are telling the students that they have to do their work.

(d) Tense lEcU/kh change

Rule:- ;fn Reporting verb present ;k future rense es gks rks Reported specch ds tense
es dksbZ change ugh gksxk tSls%&

1. I have said to Rahul, “you may go”.

I.D I have told Rahul that he may go.

Rule-2 ;fn Reporting verb past tense esa gks rks Reported speech ds tense fuEu lkj.kh ds
vuqlkj change gksxk%&

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S.R Direct Indirect

1. M.v 1st form M.V 2nd form

2. M.V 1st form + s/es M.V 2nd form

3. Do/does Did

4. Is/Are/Am Was/ were

5. Has/Have had

6. Has been/Have been Had/been

7. Did+mv1st form Had+m.v 3rd form

8. M.v 2nd form Had+m.v 3rd form

9. was/were had been

10. shall/will would

11. can could

12. may might

Examples –

1. You said to me,” I am going to buy yours house”.

I.D You told me that you were going buy my house.

2. I said to him,”you are going to play with the team.”

I.D I told him that he was going to play with the team.

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3. Rakesh said to meera ,” you have to give her your oen.”

I.D Rakesh told meera that she had to give her pen.

4. I said to him, “You are looking very nice.‟

I.D I told hin that he was looking very nice.

5. Rakesh said to sandeep and his sister, ;You did not ask me any question.”

I.D Rakesh told sandeep and his sister that they had not asked him any
question.

6. I had told her,” You making me a fool,”

I.D I had told her that she was making me a fool.

7. He asked me, “They are cutting the card boad .”

I.D He asked me that They were cutting the card-load.

8. Raman said to prem,”I am not a player.”

I.D Raman told prem thet he was not a player.

9. He said to me,”I had a note book of you.”

I.D He told me that he had had a notebook of me.

10. Rakesh told his sister,” I don‟t want to say you any thing my alan which is
related to your mistakes.”

I.D Rakesh told his sister that he didn‟t want to say her anything about his
plan which was related to your mistakes.

11. The class teacher said,” studenr‟s. I knew every thing about you,”

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I.D The class teacher told the student‟s that he had known everything about
them.

12. She said,” mother I want to say you some thing about my school,”

I.D She told mother that she wanted to say her something about her school.

13. Niraja said to Meenakshi,” I want to give you my book at your school”.

I.D Niraja told at Meenakshi that she wanted to give her her book at her
school.

Note :- I.D means Indirect Speech

Interrogative Sentences
fu;e 1- ;fn reported speech helping verb okys Interrogative gks rks Reporting verb
dks ask es cny nsrs gS rFkk tksMus ds fy, if dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

Examples:-

1. I said to him,” Are you going to jaipur.?”

I.D I asked him if he was coming to Jaipur.

fu;e 2-

Reported specch ds Inrerrogative sentence dks positive cuk fn;k tkrk gSA

Examples:-

1. Rahul said to my mother,” Did your son write the letter to your husband
before last Monday,”

I.D Rahul asked my mother if her son had written the letter to her husband
before the previous Monday.

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2. He said to Ram,” Do you Like this car?”

I.D He asked Ram if he liked that car.

3. he said him ,” Are you asking this question ?”

I.D I asked him if He was asking that question.

Wh-G okys Inrerragative sentence

fu;e 1- Reporting verb vkSj Reported speech dks tksMus es wh-G okys 'kCn gh dke
vk;sxkA

Examples:-

1. They said to me, “when did we say some thing to this man?”

I.D They asked me when they had said something to that man.

2. I told your father,”why are you asking about your son ?”

I.D I asked your father why he was asking me about his son.

Imperative sentences
(a) Please/kindly okys I mperative Sentence

fu;e 1- Reporting verb , requested gksxh] Reported Speech es ls please ;k kindly dks
gVkdj ‘‟to‟ ls 'ks"k okD; tksM fn;k tkrk gSA

Examples:-

1. The student said to me,”pleare answer my question

I.D The student requested me to answer his question.

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2. Madhu said to me,” Kindly issue me my T.C.”

I.D Madhu requested me to issue her T.C. .

3. The captain said to the coach,”please don‟t arrange the extra player.”

I.D The captain requested the coach not to arrange the extra player.

4. I requested him,”take it without asking any thing,”

I.D I requested him to take it without asking anything.

(b) don’t okys imperative sentences

fu;e 1- Reporting verb forlade gksxh] Reparted es ls don‟t dks gVkdj ‟to‟ ls 'ks"k
okD; tksM fn;k tkrk gSA

Examples:-

(1) The caption said to the coach, “Don‟t arrange the extra player”.

I.D The caption forbade the coach to arrange the extra player.

(2) She said to me, “Don‟t cut the wire”.

I.D She forbade me to cut the wire.

(3) I said to my brother,” don‟t say me anything about your friend.

I.D I forbade my brother to say me anything about his friend

( c) M.V dh 1st form ls 'kq:kr okys Imperative Sentences.

fu;e 1 Reparting verb, Reported speech ds Hkko ds vuqlkj change gksxh] mlds ckn
Reported speech dks ‘to‟ ls tksM fn;k tkrk gSA

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Examples:-

1. He said to his teacher,” check it ,sir”

I.D He requested his teacher to check it.

2. Geeta said to her friend,”Ask your mother don‟t ask me.”

I.D Geeta advised her friend to ask her mother and forbade to ask her.

3. Ravi said to me,” come inside; but din‟t make a noise ,”

I.D Ravi ordered me to come inside but forbade to make a noise

4. I said to my students,” write down the note,”

I.D I ordered my students to write down the note.

5. He said to his father,” Bring the book from market,”

I.D He requested his father to bring the book from market.

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