Introduction:

The Government Act of 1919 and 1935 were brought in to bring in "responsible government" for
Indians and increasing their participation.

The Government Act of 1919 was based on Mont-Ford Report that was supposedly made after
taking into consideration the concerns of all the sections of polity.

The Government Act 1935 was based on the reports of Simon Commission, 3rd Round Table
Conference and the White Paper of 1933.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT 1919 AND 1935

The Government of India Act, 1919 was an Act of
the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
The Govt Act, 1919 had a separate Preamble which
declared that Objective of the British Government
is the gradual introduction of responsible
Government in India.
Govt of India Act 1919 was more centralized.
The Act covered ten years, from 1919 to 1929.
The 1919 act provided for separate subjects for
Centre and Provinces
Under the Act of 1919 the Provinces were at the
mercy of the Centre
It was passed to expand participation of Indians in
the government of India
Government of India Act 1935 was passed by
British Parliament in August 1935.
while there was no such preamble in Govt,
1935.
Govt of India Act 1935 was more Decentralized.
The Government of India Act 1935 was the
last constitution of British India It lasted until
1947.
The 1935 act provided for establishing All-India-
Federation with powers divided as Federal List
and Provincial List comprising of British
provinces, 6 chief commissioner provinces and
princely states but the federation never came
into existence.
The Act of 1935 made a marked advance from
the Constitution. They got responsible
Government also. Thus their autonomy
conveyed double sense
It was passed to Increase in size of legislatures,
extension of franchise, division of subjects into
three lists and retention of communal
electorate.

The Act provided a dual form of government (a The Act provided Abolition of provincial diarchy
"diarchy") for the major provinces. and introduction of diarchy at centre.

Indian Legislative council replaced by council of Bicameralism introduced in some states

states. No Bicameralism in provinces
No bill of the legislature could be deemed to have The later could however enact a Bill without
been passed unless assented to by the governor the assent of the legislature.
general.
The lower house was the Legislative Assembly,
with 145 members serving three year terms (the
model for today's Lok Sabha); the upper house
was the Council of States with 60 members serving
five year terms
The Act of 1919 although did not confer full
autonomy on the Provinces, certainly took the first
step in that direction.
To substitute direct for indirect election
Indian council minimum members 8, Maximum 12.
½ of them with work ex of 10 years in public
service.
1919 act introduced the Bicameral legislature in
Centre with Upper & Lower House
1919 Act extended Communal representation to
Sikh, Indian Christians, Anglo Indians and
Europeans.
1919 Act granted limited franchise
1919 Act provided for establishment of Central
Public Service Commission
Act 1919 made 2 Lists for Central and Provincial
Subjects in order to further decentralisation.
Govt of India Act 1919 focussed on British
Provinces.
The Council of States was to be upper house
and a permanent body with one third of its
membership retiring every 3rd year. It was to
be composed of 260 members of which 156
were to be representatives of British India
while 101 of the Indian states.
Under the Act of 1935, the first ever attempt
was made to give the Provinces an autonomous
status by freeing them from external
interference.
For the first time direct elections were
introduced.
Indian council was abolished. Secretary of state
provided with team of 15 members.
1935 Act - provincial Autonomy was introduced
- Responsible Govt at Provinces - Governor to
Act with Advise of Ministers responsible to
provincial legislature (Bicameral).
1935 Act further extended separate electorate
for depressed classes.
1935 act extended it to 10% of the total
population.1919 Act - first time - separated
provincial budget from Central budget.
1935 Act both Federal and Provincial PSC were
allowed to be established along with
establishment of central Bank of India and
Federal Court.
Govt of India Act 1935 added a third list for
concurrent subjects and placed the residuary
powers with the Viceroy.
Govt of India Act 1935 tried to consolidate the
Princely States to establish a Federation of
India.