Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
2:3 - καὶ ἐπορεύοντο πάντες ἀπογράφεσθαι, ἕκαστος εἰς τήν ἑαυτοῦ πόλιν.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἐπορεύοντο -- verb; 3rd person plural imperfect passive of <πορεύω> go, make go --
were compelled to go
πάντες -- adjective; nominative plural masculine of <πᾶς> all, every -- all
ἀπογράφεσθαι -- verb; infinitive passive of <ἀπογράφω> register -- to be registered
ἕκαστος -- indefinite pronoun; nominative singular masculine of <ἕκαστος> each,
every -- every one
εἰς -- preposition; <εἰς> towards -- to
τήν -- article; accusative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
ἑαυτοῦ -- reflexive pronoun; genitive singular masculine of <ἑαυτοῦ> oneself -- his
own
πόλιν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <πόλις> city -- city
2:4 - Ἀνέβη δὲ καὶ Ἰωσὴφ ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ἐκ πόλεως Ναζαρὲθ εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν
εἰς πόλιν Δαυὶδ ἥτις καλεῖται Βηθλέεμ, διὰ τὸ εἰν͂ αι αὐτὸν ἐξ οἴκου καὶ πατριᾶς
Δαυίδ,
ἀνέβη -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <ἀναβαίνω> mount, go up -- went up
δὲ -- particle; <δέ> and, on the other hand -- and
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
Ἰωσὴφ -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <Ἰωσήφ> Joseph -- Joseph
ἀπὸ -- preposition; <ἀπό> from -- from
τῆς -- article; genitive singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
Γαλιλαίας -- noun, feminine; genitive singular of <Γαλιλαία> Galilee -- Galilee
ἐκ -- preposition; <ἐκ> from, out of -- out of
πόλεως -- noun, feminine; genitive singular of <πόλις> city -- (the) city
Ναζαρὲθ -- noun, feminine; genitive singular of <Ναζαρέθ> Nazareth -- Nazareth
εἰς -- preposition; <εἰς> towards -- to
τὴν -- article; accusative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
Ἰουδαίαν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <Ἰουδαία> Judea -- Judea
εἰς -- preposition; <εἰς> towards -- to
πόλιν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <πόλις> city -- city
Δαυὶδ -- noun, masculine; accusative singular of <Δαυίδ> David -- (of) David
ἥτις -- relative pronoun; nominative singular feminine of <ὅστις> whoever, whatever -
- which
καλεῖται -- verb; 3rd person singular present passive of <καλέω> call, summon -- is
called
Βηθλέεμ -- noun, neuter; nominative singular of <Βηθλέεμ> Bethlehem -- Bethlehem
διὰ -- preposition; <διά> through, by -- (through) because
τὸ -- article; accusative singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- ...
εἰν͂ αι -- verb; infinitive of <εἰμί> I am -- (being) was
αὐτὸν -- pronoun; accusative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- (him) he
ἐξ -- preposition; <ἐξ> from, out of -- from
οἴκου -- noun, masculine; genitive singular of <οἰκ ͂ ος> house -- (the) house
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
πατριᾶς -- noun, feminine; genitive singular of <πατριά> lineage -- lineage
Δαυίδ -- noun, masculine; genitive singular of <Δαυίδ> David -- of David
2:5 - ἀπογράψασθαι σὺν Μαριὰμ τῇ ἐμνηστευμένῃ αὐτῷ, οὔσῃ ἐγκύῳ.
ἀπογράψασθαι -- verb; infinitive future passive of <ἀπογράφω> register -- to be
registered
σὺν -- preposition; <σύν> with -- with
Μαριὰμ -- noun, feminine; dative singular of <Μιριάμ> (indeclinable; from Hebrew)
Mary -- Mary
τῇ -- article; dative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
ἐμνηστευμένῃ -- verb; dative singular feminine of perfect participle passive of
<μνηστεύω> woo, espouse -- espoused
αὐτῷ -- pronoun; dative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- to him
οὔσῃ -- verb; dative singular feminine of present participle of <εἰμί> I am -- (she)
being
ἐγκύῳ -- adjective; dative singular feminine of <ἐγκύων> pregnant -- pregnant
2:6 - Ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν τῷ εἰν͂ αι αὐτούς ἐκεῖ ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ τεκεῖν αὐτήν,
ἐγένετο -- deponent verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <γίγνομαι> happen, become --
it happened
δὲ -- particle; <δέ> and, on the other hand -- and
ἐν -- preposition; <ἐν> in -- in
τῷ -- article; dative singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- ...
εἰν͂ αι -- verb; infinitive of <εἰμί> I am -- being
αὐτούς -- pronoun; accusative plural masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- they
ἐκεῖ -- adverb; <ἐκεῖ> there -- there
ἐπλήσθησαν -- verb; 3rd person plural aorist passive of <πίμπλημι> fill -- were
fulfilled
αἱ -- article; nominative plural feminine of <ὁ> the -- the
ἡμέραι -- noun, feminine; nominative plural of <ἡμέρα> day -- days
τοῦ -- article; genitive singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- ...
τεκεῖν -- verb; infinitive aorist of <τίκτω> give birth -- to give birth
αὐτήν -- pronoun; accusative singular feminine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- (for) her
2:7 - καὶ ἔτεκεν τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς τὸν πρωτότοκον, καὶ ἐσπαργάνωσεν αὐτὸν καὶ
ἀνέκλινεν αὐτὸν ἐν φάτνῃ, διότι οὐκ ἠν͂ αὐτοῖς τόπος ἐν τῷ καταλύματι.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἔτεκεν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <τίκτω> give birth -- gave birth to
τὸν -- article; accusative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
υἱὸν -- noun, masculine; accusative singular of <υἱός> son -- son
αὐτῆς -- pronoun; genitive singular feminine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- her
τὸν -- article; accusative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
πρωτότοκον -- adjective; accusative singular masculine of <πρωτότοκος> first-born --
first-born
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἐσπαργάνωσεν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <σπαργανόω> wrap in swaddling
clothes -- wrapped ... in swaddling clothes
αὐτὸν -- pronoun; accusative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- him
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἀνέκλινεν -- verb; 3rd person singular imperfect of <ἀνακλίνω> lay down -- laid
αὐτὸν -- pronoun; accusative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- him
ἐν -- preposition; <ἐν> in -- in
φάτνῃ -- noun, feminine; dative singular of <φάτνη> manger -- manger
διότι -- conjunction; <διότι> because -- because
οὐκ -- particle; <οὐκ> not -- not
ἠν͂ -- verb; 3rd person singular imperfect of <εἰμί> I am -- there was
αὐτοῖς -- pronoun; dative plural masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- for them
τόπος -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <τόπος> place -- room
ἐν -- preposition; <ἐν> in -- in
τῷ -- article; dative singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
καταλύματι -- noun, neuter; dative singular of <κατάλυμα> inn -- inn
ἰδοὺ γὰρ εὐαγγελίζομαι ὑμῖν χαρὰν μεγάλην, ἥτις ἔσται παντὶ τῷ λαῷ·
ἰδοὺ -- adverb; <ἰδού> behold -- behold
γὰρ -- conjunction; <γάρ> for -- for
εὐαγγελίζομαι -- deponent verb; 1st person singular present middle of
<εὐαγγελίζομαι> bring good news -- I bring good news
ὑμῖν -- pronoun; dative plural masculine of <σύ> you -- to you
χαρὰν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <χαρά> joy -- (of) ... joy
μεγάλην -- adjective; accusative singular feminine of <μέγας> great -- great
ἥτις -- relative pronoun; nominative singular feminine of <ὅστις> whoever, whatever -
- which
ἔσται -- verb; 3rd person singular future of <εἰμί> I am -- shall be
παντὶ -- adjective; dative singular masculine of <πᾶς> all, every -- to all
τῷ -- article; dative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
λαῷ -- noun, masculine; dative singular of <λαός> people -- people
2:11 - ὅτι ἐτέχθη ὑμῖν σήμερον σωτὴρ, ὅς ἐστιν χριστὸς κύριος, ἐν πόλει Δαυίδ.
ὅτι -- conjunction; <ὅτι> because, that -- that
ἐτέχθη -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist passive of <τίκτω> give birth -- was born
ὑμῖν -- pronoun; dative plural masculine of <σύ> you -- to you
σήμερον -- adverb; <σήμερον> today -- today
σωτὴρ -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <σωτήρ> Savior -- a Savior
ὅς -- relative pronoun; nominative singular masculine of <ὅς> who, which -- who
ἐστιν -- verb; 3rd person singular present of <εἰμί> I am -- is
χριστὸς -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <χριστός> Christ -- Christ
κύριος -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <κύριος> lord -- the Lord
ἐν -- preposition; <ἐν> in -- in
πόλει -- noun, feminine; dative singular of <πόλις> city -- the city
Δαυίδ -- noun, masculine; genitive singular of <Δαυίδ> David -- of David
2:12 - καὶ τοῦτο ὑμῖν σημεῖον, εὑρήσετε βρέφος ἐσπαργανωμένον καὶ κείμενον ἐν
φάτνῃ
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
τοῦτο -- demonstrative pronoun; nominative singular neuter of <οὑτ͂ ος> this -- this
ὑμῖν -- pronoun; dative plural masculine of <σύ> you -- to you
σημεῖον -- noun, neuter; nominative singular of <σημεῖον> sign, miracle -- (shall be a)
sign
εὑρήσετε -- verb; 2nd person plural future of <εὑρίσκω> find -- you shall find
βρέφος -- noun, neuter; nominative singular of <βρέφος> new-born baby -- baby
ἐσπαργανωμένον -- verb; accusative singular neuter of perfect participle passive of
<σπαργανόω> wrap in swaddling clothes -- wrapped in swaddling clothes
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
κείμενον -- verb; accusative singular neuter of present participle middle of <κεῖμαι>
lie -- lying
ἐν -- preposition; <ἐν> in -- in
φάτνῃ -- noun, feminine; dative singular of <φάτνη> manger -- a manger
2:13 - καὶ ἐξαίφνης ἐγένετο σὺν τῷ ἀγγέλῳ πλῆθος στρατιᾶς οὐρανίου αἰνούντων
τὸν θεὸν καὶ λεγόντων,
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἐξαίφνης -- adverb; <ἐξαίφνης> suddenly -- suddenly
ἐγένετο -- deponent verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <γίγνομαι> happen, become --
there was
σὺν -- preposition; <σύν> with -- with
τῷ -- article; dative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
ἀγγέλῳ -- noun, masculine; dative singular of <ἄγγελος> angel -- angel
πλῆθος -- noun, neuter; nominative singular of <πλῆθος> multitude -- a great
number
στρατιᾶς -- noun, feminine; genitive singular of <στρατία> host -- of a ... host
οὐρανίου -- adjective; genitive singular feminine of <οὐράνιος> heavenly -- heavenly
αἰνούντων -- verb; genitive plural feminine of <αἰνέω> praise -- praising
τὸν -- article; accusative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
θεὸν -- noun, masculine; accusative singular of <θεός> god -- God
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
λεγόντων -- verb; genitive plural feminine of present participle of <λέγω> say --
saying
Lesson Text
2:1 - Ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐξῆλθεν δόγμα παρὰ Καίσαρος Αὐγούστου
ἀπογράφεσθαι πᾶσαν τὴν οἰκουμένην. 2:2 - αὐτὴ ἀπογραφὴ πρώτη ἐγένετο
ἡγεμονεύοντος τῆς Συρίας Κυρηνίου. 2:3 - καὶ ἐπορεύοντο πάντες ἀπογράφεσθαι,
ἕκαστος εἰς τήν ἑαυτοῦ πόλιν. 2:4 - Ἀνέβη δὲ καὶ Ἰωσὴφ ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ἐκ
πόλεως Ναζαρὲθ εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν εἰς πόλιν Δαυὶδ ἥτις καλεῖται Βηθλέεμ, διὰ τὸ
εἰν͂ αι αὐτὸν ἐξ οἴκου καὶ πατριᾶς Δαυίδ, 2:5 - ἀπογράψασθαι σὺν Μαριὰμ τῇ
ἐμνηστευμένῃ αὐτῷ, οὔσῃ ἐγκύῳ. 2:6 - Ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν τῷ εἰν͂ αι αὐτούς ἐκεῖ
ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ τεκεῖν αὐτήν, 2:7 - καὶ ἔτεκεν τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς τὸν
πρωτότοκον, καὶ ἐσπαργάνωσεν αὐτὸν καὶ ἀνέκλινεν αὐτὸν ἐν φάτνῃ, διότι οὐκ ἠν͂
αὐτοῖς τόπος ἐν τῷ καταλύματι. 2:8 - Καὶ ποιμένες ἠσ ͂ αν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ τῇ αὐτῇ
ἀγραυλοῦντες καὶ φυλάσσοντες φυλακὰς τῆς νυκτὸς ἐπὶ τὴν ποίμην αὐτῶν. 2:9 -
καὶ ἄγγελος κυρίου ἐπέστη αὐτοῖς καὶ δόξα κυρίου περιέλαμψεν αὐτούς, καὶ
ἐφοβήθησαν φόβον μέγαν. 2:10 - καὶ εἰπ͂ εν αὐτοῖς ὁ ἄγγελος, μὴ φοβεῖσθε· ἰδοὺ γὰρ
εὐαγγελίζομαι ὑμῖν χαρὰν μεγάλην, ἥτις ἔσται παντὶ τῷ λαῷ· 2:11 - ὅτι ἐτέχθη
ὑμῖν σήμερον σωτὴρ, ὅς ἐστιν χριστὸς κύριος, ἐν πόλει Δαυίδ. 2:12 - καὶ τοῦτο ὑμῖν
σημεῖον, εὑρήσετε βρέφος ἐσπαργανωμένον καὶ κείμενον ἐν φάτνῃ 2:13 - καὶ
ἐξαίφνης ἐγένετο σὺν τῷ ἀγγέλῳ πλῆθος στρατιᾶς οὐρανίου αἰνούντων τὸν θεὸν
καὶ λεγόντων, 2:14 (memory verse) -
Augustus, that all the world should be taxed. 2 (And this taxing was first made when
Cyrenius was governor of Syria.) 3 And all went to be taxed, every one into his own
city. 4 And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judaea,
unto the city of David, which is called Bethlehem; (because he was of the house and
lineage of David:) 5 to be taxed with Mary his espoused wife, being great with child.
6 And so it was, that, while they were there, the days were accomplished that she
should be delivered. 7 And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in
swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in
the inn.
8 And there were in the same country shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watch
over their flock by night. 9 And, lo, the angel of the Lord came upon them, and the
glory of the Lord shone round about them: and they were sore afraid. 10 And the
angel said unto them, Fear not: for, behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy,
which shall be to all people. 11 For unto you is born this day in the city of David a
Saviour, which is Christ the Lord. 12 And this shall be a sign unto you; Ye shall find
the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger. 13 And suddenly there was
with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God, and saying,
2:14 (memory verse) --
Glory to God in the highest,
and on earth peace, good will toward men.
Grammar
1 The alphabet and sound system.
1.1 The alphabet.
The alphabet is the same for New Testament Greek as for Classical Greek. The names are
generally well known, such as the first two from our word alphabet, the third from
gamma rays, the fourth from the delta of a river, and so on.
The same pronunciation is used for the language, in spite of the difference in time. As a
result of the conquests of Alexander the Great (356-323), Greek came to be used
throughout the world adjoining the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea, extending
farther east and also in the south to Egypt and in the west to Italy. It was the common
(κοινη) language much as English is today. In such a wide expanse, there were
differences of pronunciation and usage, just as there are in English today. These may be
of interest for scholarly purposes, but they do not affect the reading and understanding
of the Biblical texts.
The letters in small and capital forms, with their names and guides to pronunciation, are
as follows:
Alpha α, Α father
Beta β, Β bother
Gamma γ, Γ gather
Delta δ, Δ delta
Epsilon ε, Ε debt
Zeta ζ, Ζ zen
Eta η, Η rate (rat)
Theta θ, Θ thin (tin) i.e. with aspiration
Iota ι, Ι sin
Kappa κ, Κ cope (scope) i.e. no aspiration
Lamba λ, Λ lap
Mu μ, Μ map
Nu ν, Ν nap
Ksi ξ, Ξ tax
Omikron ο, Ο rope
Pi π, Π poke (spoke) i.e., no aspiration
Rho ρ, Ρ rope
Sigma σς, Σ soap (note: lower-case form has 2 variants)
Tau τ, Τ top (stop) i.e. no aspiration
Upsilon υ, Υ soon (German Suehne) i.e. front rounded
Phi φ, Φ four (pour) i.e. with aspiration
Chi χ, Χ core (German ich or ach) i.e. velar fricative
Psi ψ, Ψ tops
Omega ω, Ω boat (bought)
In addition, words beginning with vowels may have an initial h sound. This is called a
breathing. If beginning with h, the breathing is called rough, represented by the diacritic ῾
immediately preceding or over the vowel (e.g., ὁ); if without an h sound, the breathing is
smooth, represented by the diacritic ᾿ immediately preceding or over the vowel (e.g., ὀ).
Moreover, vowels may have an iota subscript, that is, an [i] sound after the vowel,
written as a diacritic beneath the vowel (e.g., ῳ); while indicated in texts, this is
generally left without pronunciation.
1.2 The sound system.
The system is as follows:
Labials Dentals Palato-velars
Voiceless: π τ κ
Voiced: β δ γ
Aspirated, voiceless: φ θ χ
Fricative: ς
Nasals: μ ν γ (spelled γ before γ or κ)
Vowels: ι υ
ε ο
α
ῑ ῡ
η ω
ᾱ
Diphthongs: ει αι οι υι ευ αυ ηυ ου
Classical Greek had a musical accent. There are three such accents. Vowels marked with
oxia (e.g., ά) had high pitch; those with varia (e.g., ὰ) had a low or falling pitch; those
marked with perispomeni (e.g., ᾶ) had rising and falling pitch.
The accent had changed, however, from one of pitch to one of stress. Yet the stress fell
on the same syllables as in Classical Greek. The different type of stress is assumed to
have had an effect on the quality of vowels. We may disregard such effects, and
pronounce the words as in Classical Greek.
2 The basis word order of sentences in New Testament Greek.
In contrast with Classical Greek, in which the verb often stood at the end of the clause,
verbs are placed initially in many sentences of New Testament Greek, or after the
subject. In almost all of the sentences in this text, they stand initially. Their position may
be due to influence from Aramaic, which is the other language of probably all authors of
the New Testament as well as of Jesus. Like Hebrew, it is a verb-initial language. The first
words of our text may provide an example:
Ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείνοις
"And it happened in those days..."
Another syntactic influence from Aramaic is the frequent use of an initial word for 'and'
in the sentence, as in 2.8:
Καὶ ποιμένες ἠσ͂ αν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ
"And shepherds were in that area"
Languages in which the verb is initial in the clause often place a connective before it. The
Hebrew Bible does so, with an equivalent to Greek καί; this practice not only influenced
New Testament Greek, but also later translations like the King James version for English
and the translations in other languages.
3 Modifications of the basic sentence pattern.
The sentences in the New Testament are relatively short and transparent, as in this text.
There are few subordinate clauses; phrases with participles and infinitives may replace
them. One such construction is the genitive absolute, in which a participle and a noun in
the genitive correspond to a subordinate clause, as in 2:2 --
ἡγεμενεύοντος τῆς Συριάς Κυρηνίου
governing Syria Cyrenius
"when Cyrenius was governing Syria"
Another such construction is the use of an infinitive with a noun in the accusative as
subject, as in 2.4:
διὰ τὸ εἰν͂ αι αὐτὸν ἐξ οἰκ
͂ ου καὶ πατριᾶς Δαυίδ
through the be(ing) him from house and lineage David
"because he was from the house and lineage of David"
But in general, many examples of the use of participles and infinitives are comparable to
that in English.
4 Nominal inflection.
Nouns, adjective and the article are inflected for three genders, four cases, and two
numbers. The dual is no longer used. The three genders are the masculine, feminine and
neuter. The four cases are the nominative, genitive, dative, and accusative. The principal
uses of the cases are readily noted. The nominative is the case of the subject and of
nouns after the copula in the predicative nominative. The genitive is the case of
possession. The dative is the case of the indirect object, but is used less than in Classical
Greek; nouns with prepositions may replace it. The accusative is the case of the direct
object.
Because of the common use of the article, its forms might well be memorized.
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nom sg ὁ ἡ τό
Gen sg τοῦ τῆς τοῦ
Dat sg τῷ τῇ τῷ
Acc sg τόν τήν τό
1 pl πιστεύομεν ἐπιστεύομεν
2 pl πιστεύετε ἐπιστεύετε
3 pl πιστεύουσι(ν) ἐπίστευον
εἴδομεν γὰρ αὐτοῦ τὸν ἀστέρα ἐν τῇ ἀνατολῇ, καὶ ἤλθομεν προσκυνῆσαι αὐτῷ.
εἴδομεν -- verb; 1st person plural aorist of <ὁράω> see -- we have seen
γὰρ -- conjunction; <γάρ> for -- for
αὐτοῦ -- pronoun; genitive singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- his
τὸν -- article; accusative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
ἀστέρα -- noun, masculine; accusative singular of <ἀστήρ> star -- star
ἐν -- preposition; <ἐν> in -- in
τῇ -- article; dative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- the
ἀνατολῇ -- noun, feminine; dative singular of <ἀνατολή> east -- east
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἤλθομεν -- verb; 1st person plural aorist of <ἔρχομαι> come -- we have come
προσκυνῆσαι -- verb; aorist infinitive of <προσκυνέω> worship -- to worship
αὐτῷ -- pronoun; dative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- him
2:3 - ἀκούσας δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς Ἡρῴδης ἐταράχθη, καὶ πᾶσα Ἱεροσόλυμα κατ' αὐτοῦ.
ἀκούσας -- verb; nominative singular masculine of aorist participle of <ἀκούω> hear,
listen -- having heard
δὲ -- particle; <δέ> and, on the other hand -- and
ὁ -- article; nominative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
βασιλεὺς -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <βασιλεύς> king -- King
Ἡρῴδης -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <Ἡρῴδης> Herod -- Herod
ἐταράχθη -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist passive of <ταράσσω> trouble -- was
troubled
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
πᾶσα -- adjective; nominative singular feminine of <πᾶς> all, every -- all
Ἱεροσόλυμα -- noun, neuter; nominative singular of <Ἱεροσόλυμα> Jerusalem --
Jerusalem
κατ' -- preposition; <κατά> completely, down, under -- with
αὐτοῦ -- pronoun; genitive singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- him
2:4 - καὶ συναγαγὼν πάντας τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ γραμματεῖς τοῦ λαοῦ ἐπυνθάνετο
παρ' αὐτῶν ποῦ ὁ χριστὸς γεννᾶται.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
συναγαγὼν -- verb; nominative singular masculine of aorist participle of <συνάγω>
bring together -- having brought together
πάντας -- adjective; accusative plural masculine of <πᾶς> all, every -- all
τοὺς -- article; accusative plural masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
ἀρχιερεῖς -- noun, masculine; accusative plural of <ἀρχιερεύς> chief priest -- chief
priests
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
γραμματεῖς -- noun, masculine; accusative plural of <γραμματεύς> scribe -- scribes
τοῦ -- article; genitive singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- of the
λαοῦ -- noun, masculine; genitive singular of <λαός> people -- people
ἐπυνθάνετο -- deponent verb; 3rd person singular imperfect middle of <πυνθάνομαι>
inquire -- he inquired
παρ' -- preposition; <παρά> from, of -- of
αὐτῶν -- pronoun; genitive plural masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- them
ποῦ -- adverb; <ποῦ> where -- where
ὁ -- article; nominative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
χριστὸς -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <χριστός> Christ -- Christ
γεννᾶται -- verb; 3rd person singular present subjunctive passive of <γεννάω> beget,
bring forth -- would be born
͂ αν αὐτῷ
2:5 - οἱ δὲ εἰπ
οἱ -- article used as pronoun; nominative plural masculine of <ὁ> the -- they
δὲ -- particle; <δέ> and, on the other hand -- and
͂ αν -- verb; 3rd person plural aorist of <λέγω> say -- said
εἰπ
αὐτῷ -- pronoun; dative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- to him
ἐν Βηθλέεμ τῆς Ἰουδαίας. οὕτως γὰρ γέγραπται διὰ τοῦ προφήτου,
ἐν -- preposition; <ἐν> in -- in
Βηθλέεμ -- noun, neuter; dative singular of <Βηθλέεμ> Bethlehem -- Bethlehem
τῆς -- article; genitive singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
Ἰουδαίας -- noun, feminine; genitive singular of <Ἰουδαία> Judea -- of Judea
οὕτως -- adverb; <οὕτως> so, thus -- so
γὰρ -- conjunction; <γάρ> for -- for
γέγραπται -- verb; 3rd person singular perfect passive of <γράφω> write -- it is
written
διὰ -- preposition; <διά> through, by -- by
τοῦ -- article; genitive singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
προφήτου -- noun, masculine; genitive singular of <προφήτης> prophet -- prophet
2:7 - Τότε Ἡρῴδης λάθρα καλέσας τοὺς μάγους ἠκρίβωσεν παρ' αὐτῶν τὸν χρόνον
τοῦ φαινομένου ἀστέρος.
τότε -- adverb; <τότε> then -- then
Ἡρῴδης -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <Ἡρῴδης> Herod -- Herod
λάθρα -- adverb; <λάθρα> secretly -- secretly
καλέσας -- verb; nominative singular masculine of aorist participle of <καλέω> call,
summon -- having summoned
τοὺς -- article; accusative plural masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
μάγους -- noun, masculine; accusative plural of <μάγος> wise man -- wise men
ἠκρίβωσεν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <ἀκριβόω> investigate thoroughly --
inquired thoroughly
παρ' -- preposition; <παρά> from, of -- of
αὐτῶν -- pronoun; genitive plural masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- them
τὸν -- article; accusative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
χρόνον -- noun, masculine; accusative singular of <χρόνος> time -- time
τοῦ -- article; genitive singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- of the
φαινομένου -- deponent verb; genitive singular masculine of present participle of
<φαίνομαι> see -- seen
ἀστέρος -- noun, masculine; genitive singular of <ἀστήρ> star -- star
͂ εν
2:8 - καὶ πέμψας αὐτοὺς εἰς Βηθλέεμ εἰπ
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
πέμψας -- verb; nominative singular masculine of aorist participle of <πέμπω> send --
sending
αὐτοὺς -- pronoun; accusative plural masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- them
εἰς -- preposition; <εἰς> towards -- to
Βηθλέεμ -- noun, neuter; accusative singular of <Βηθλέεμ> Bethlehem -- Bethlehem
͂ εν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <λέγω> say -- he said
εἰπ
ἐπὰν δὲ εὕρητε, ἀπαγγείλατέ μοι, ὅπως κάγὼ ἐλθὼν προσκυνήσω αὐτῷ.
ἐπὰν -- conjunction; <ἐπάν> whenever -- whenever
δὲ -- particle; <δέ> and, on the other hand -- and
εὕρητε -- verb; 2nd person plural aorist subjunctive of <εὑρίσκω> find -- find out
ἀπαγγείλατέ -- verb; 2nd person plural imperative aorist of <ἀπαγγέλλω> report --
report
μοι -- pronoun; dative singular masculine of <ἐγώ> I -- to me
ὅπως -- adverb; <ὅπως> so that -- so that
κάγὼ -- conjunction; <καί> and + pronoun; nominative singular of <ἐγώ> I -- I too
ἐλθὼν -- deponent verb; nominative singular masculine of aorist participle of
<ἔρχομαι> come, go -- going
προσκυνήσω -- verb; 1st person singular future of <προσκυνέω> worship -- may
worship
αὐτῷ -- pronoun; dative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- him
καὶ ἰδοὺ ὁ ἀστήρ, ὃν εἰδ͂ ον ἐν τῇ ἀνατολῇ, προῆγεν αὐτοὺς ἕως ἐλθὼν ἐστάθη ἐπάνω
οὑ ͂ ἠν͂ τὸ παιδίον.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἰδοὺ -- adverb; <ἰδού> behold -- behold
ὁ -- article; nominative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
ἀστήρ -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <ἀστήρ> star -- star
ὃν -- relative pronoun; accusative singular masculine of <ὅς> who, which -- which
εἰδ͂ ον -- verb; 3rd person plural aorist of <ὁράω> see -- they saw
ἐν -- preposition; <ἐν> in -- in
τῇ -- article; dative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- the
ἀνατολῇ -- noun, feminine; dative singular of <ἀνατολή> east -- east
προῆγεν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <προάγω> proceed, go before -- went
before
αὐτοὺς -- pronoun; accusative plural masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- them
ἕως -- conjunction; <ἕως> until -- until
ἐλθὼν -- deponent verb; nominative singular masculine of aorist participle of
<ἔρχομαι> come, go -- moving
ἐστάθη -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <ἵστημι> put, place, stand -- it stood
ἐπάνω -- adverb; <ἐπάνω> above -- above
οὑ ͂ -- relative pronoun; genitive singular neuter of <ὅς> who, which -- where
ἠν͂ -- verb; 3rd person singular imperfect of <εἰμί> I am -- was
τὸ -- article; nominative singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
παιδίον -- noun, neuter; nominative singular of <παιδίον> young child -- young child
2:11 - καὶ ἐλθόντες εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν εἰδ͂ ον τὸ παιδίον μετὰ Μαρίας τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἐλθόντες -- deponent verb; nominative plural masculine of aorist participle of
<ἔρχομαι> come, go -- going
εἰς -- preposition; <εἰς> towards -- into
τὴν -- article; accusative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- the
οἰκίαν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <οἰκία> house -- building
εἰδ͂ ον -- verb; 3rd person plural aorist of <ὁράω> see -- they saw
τὸ -- article; accusative singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
παιδίον -- noun, neuter; accusative singular of <παιδίον> young child -- young child
μετὰ -- preposition; <μετά> after, with -- with
Μαρίας -- noun, feminine; genitive singular of <Μαρία> Mary -- Mary
τῆς -- article; genitive singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
μητρὸς -- noun, feminine; genitive singular of <μήτηρ> mother -- mother
αὐτοῦ -- pronoun; genitive singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- his
2:12 - καὶ χρηματισθέντες κατ' ὄναρ μὴ ἀνακάμψαι πρὸς Ἡρῴδην, δι' ἄλλης ὁδοῦ
ἀνεχώρησαν εἰς τὴν χώραν αὐτῶν.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
χρηματισθέντες -- verb; nominative plural masculine of aorist participle passive of
<χρηματίζω> negotiate, warn -- having been warned
κατ' -- preposition; <κατά> completely, down, under -- in
ὄναρ -- noun, neuter; accusative singular of <ὄναρ> dream -- (a) dream
μὴ -- particle; <μή> not -- not
ἀνακάμψαι -- verb; aorist infinitive of <ἀνακάμπτω> return -- (to) return
πρὸς -- preposition; <πρός> to -- to
Ἡρῴδην -- noun, masculine; accusative singular of <Ἡρῴδης> Herod -- Herod
δι' -- preposition; <διά> through, by -- by
ἄλλης -- adjective; genitive singular feminine of <ἄλλος> other -- (an) other
ὁδοῦ -- noun, feminine; genitive singular of <ὁδός> way, road -- way
ἀνεχώρησαν -- verb; 3rd person plural aorist of <ἀνακάμπτω> return -- returned
εἰς -- preposition; <εἰς> towards -- to
τὴν -- article; accusative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
χώραν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <χώρα> land, country -- land
αὐτῶν -- pronoun; genitive plural masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- their
Mark 10:14b (memory verse) -
Lesson Text
2:1 - Τοῦ δὲ Ἰησοῦ γεννηθέντος ἐν Βηθλέεμ τῆς Ἰουδαίας ἐν ἡμέραις Ἡρῴδου τοῦ
βασιλέως, ἰδοὺ μάγοι ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν παρεγένοντο εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα λέγοντες, 2:2 -
ποῦ ἐστιν ὁ τεχθεὶς βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων; εἴδομεν γὰρ αὐτοῦ τὸν ἀστέρα ἐν τῇ
ἀνατολῇ, καὶ ἤλθομεν προσκυνῆσαι αὐτῷ. 2:3 - ἀκούσας δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς Ἡρῴδης
ἐταράχθη, καὶ πᾶσα Ἱεροσόλυμα κατ' αὐτοῦ. 2:4 - καὶ συναγαγὼν πάντας τοὺς
ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ γραμματεῖς τοῦ λαοῦ ἐπυνθάνετο παρ' αὐτῶν ποῦ ὁ χριστὸς
͂ αν αὐτῷ ἐν Βηθλέεμ τῆς Ἰουδαίας. οὕτως γὰρ γέγραπται διὰ
γεννᾶται. 2:5 - οἱ δὲ εἰπ
τοῦ προφήτου, 2:6 - καὶ σὺ Βηθλέεμ, γῆ Ἰούδα,
οὐδαμῶς ἐλαχίστη εἰ ͂ ἐν τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν Ἰούδα ἐκ σοῦ γὰρ ἐξελεύσεται
ἡγούμενος,
ὅστις ποιμανεῖ τὸν λαόν μου τὸν Ἰσραήλ 2:7 - Τότε Ἡρῴδης λάθρα καλέσας
τοὺς μάγους ἠκρίβωσεν παρ' αὐτῶν τὸν χρόνον τοῦ φαινομένου ἀστέρος. 2:8 - καὶ
πέμψας αὐτοὺς εἰς Βηθλέεμ εἰπ ͂ εν πορευθέντες ἐξετάσατε ἀκριβῶς περὶ τοῦ
παιδίου. ἐπὰν δὲ εὕρητε, ἀπαγγείλατέ μοι, ὅπως κάγὼ ἐλθὼν προσκυνήσω αὐτῷ.
2:9 - οἱ δὲ ἀκούσαντες τοῦ βασιλέως ἐπορεύθησαν. καὶ ἰδοὺ ὁ ἀστήρ, ὃν εἰδ͂ ον ἐν τῇ
ἀνατολῇ, προῆγεν αὐτοὺς ἕως ἐλθὼν ἐστάθη ἐπάνω οὑ ͂ ἠν͂ τὸ παιδίον. 2:10 - ἰδόντες
δὲ τὸν ἀστέρα ἐχάρησαν χαρὰν μεγάλην σφόδρα. 2:11 - καὶ ἐλθόντες εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν
εἰδ͂ ον τὸ παιδίον μετὰ Μαρίας τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ. καὶ πεσόντες προσεκύνησαν αὐτῷ,
καὶ ἀνοίξαντες τοὺς θησαυροὺς αὐτῶν προσήνεγκαν αὐτῷ δῶρα, χρυσὸν καὶ
λίβανον καὶ σμύρναν. 2:12 - καὶ χρηματισθέντες κατ' ὄναρ μὴ ἀνακάμψαι πρὸς
Ἡρῴδην, δι' ἄλλης ὁδοῦ ἀνεχώρησαν εἰς τὴν χώραν αὐτῶν. Mark 10:14b (memory
verse) -
behold, there came wise men from the east to Jerusalem, 2 Saying, Where is he that
is born King of the Jews? for we have seen his star in the east, and are come to
worship him.
3 When Herod the king had heard these things, he was troubled, and all Jerusalem
with him. 4 And when he had gathered all the chief priests and scribes of the people
together, he demanded of them where Christ should be born. 5 And they said unto
him, In Bethlehem of Judaea: for thus it is written by the prophet,
6 And thou Bethlehem, in the land of Juda,
what time the star appeared. 8 And he sent them to Bethlehem, and said, Go and
search diligently for the young child; and when ye have found him, bring me word
again, that I may come and worship him also.
9 When they had heard the king, they departed; and, lo, the star, which they saw in
the east, went before them, till it came and stood over where the young child was.
10 When they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceeding great joy. 11 And when they
were come into the house, they saw the young child with Mary his mother, and fell
down, and worshipped him: and when they had opened their treasures, they
presented unto him gifts; gold, and frankincense and myrrh. 12 And being warned of
God in a dream that they should not return to Herod, they departed into their own
country another way.
Mark 10:14b (memory verse) --
Suffer the little children to come unto me,
and forbid them not:
for of such is the kingdom of God.
Grammar
6 Conjunctions and Particles.
As these texts exemplify, Greek makes great use of conjunctions and particles. These
may have basic meanings, but many of them simply suggest relationships between
syntactic units, so that they vary in use and may even not need to be translated.
The most common conjunction is καί, with a basic meaning of 'and' but also 'even' and at
times 'but'. Another common conjunction is γάρ, with a basic meaning of 'for' but also
'now', or it may be added simply to strengthen questions.
Particles typically stand right after the first content word in sentences. Among the
particles, δέ is very common, as in our texts; it has a basic adversative meaning and may
often be translated 'but' or 'on the other hand', but is often redundant. In a different
meaning it is attached to names of places that are in the accusative, and then means 'to'.
In addition it may be added to pronouns to strengthen their meaning. The particle τε is
also very common, and has the meaning 'and'; it is often used after both nouns that are
conjoined. The particle μέν often stands in clauses that are followed by other clauses
including δέ, where it means something like 'on the one hand'; it may also be combined
with other particles, as in μὲν ἄρα, where it means 'and'. The particle δή indicates
emphasis, as on the word preceding it. In short, particles often supply meaning much as
intonation does in English. The meaning of the content words in sentences may be a
guide to interpretation of the particles included in them.
7 Participles.
Participles are often used to function as verbs of modifying clauses. These modifying
clauses may correspond to relative clauses, as does τεχθαὶς in 2:2. The relationship to a
principal clauses may require a further interpretation, as does that of the participle
ἀκούσας in 2:3 or that of συναγαγὼν in 2:4. On the other hand, they may be treated as
participles in English, for example πέμψας in 2:8. They may also be nominal; an example
is ἡγούμενος in 2:6. The interpretations will generally be clear from the contexts in
which they are found.
8 Nouns in consonantal declension.
Nouns in the consonantal declension often have the final consonant elided before the
nominative ending, so that their stem form must be determined from the genitive or
other oblique cases. Examples are given here of nouns with stems ending in -δ- and -ρ-.
Masculine Feminine
Nom sg ὁ παῖς 'child' ἡ θυγάτηρ 'daughter'
Gen sg τοῦ παιδός τῆς θυγατέρος
Dat sg τῷ παιδί τῇ θυγατέρι
Acc sg τὸν παῖδα τῆν θυγατέρα
1 pl πιστεύωμεν πιστεύοιμεν
2 pl πιστεύητε πιστεύοιτε πιστεύετε
3 pl πιστεύωσι(ν) πιστεύοιεν πιστευόντων
The participial forms, nominative and genitive singular, are as follows.
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nom sg πιστεύων πιστεύουσα πιστεῦον
Gen sg πιστεύοντος πιστευούσης πιστεύοντος
οὐδεὶς γὰρ δύναται ταῦτα τὰ σημεῖα ποιεῖν ἃ σὺ ποιεῖς, ἐὰν μὴ ᾐ ͂ ὁ θεὸς μετ' αὐτοῦ.
οὐδεὶς -- pronoun; nominative singular masculine of <οὐδείς, οὐδεμία, οὐδέν> no one,
nothing -- no one
γὰρ -- conjunction; <γάρ> for -- for
δύναται -- deponent verb; 3rd person singular present middle of <δύναμαι> be able --
is able
ταῦτα -- demonstrative pronoun; accusative plural neuter of <οὑτ͂ ος> this -- these
τὰ -- article; accusative plural neuter of <ὁ> the -- ...
σημεῖα -- noun, neuter; accusative plural of <σημεῖον> sign, miracle -- miracles
ποιεῖν -- verb; infinitive of <ποιέω> make, do -- do
ἃ -- relative pronoun; accusative plural neuter of <ὅς> who, which -- that
σὺ -- pronoun; nominative singular masculine of <σύ> you -- you
ποιεῖς -- verb; 2nd person singular present of <ποιέω> make, do -- do
ἐὰν -- conjunction; <ἐάν> if -- if
μὴ -- particle; <μή> not -- not
ᾐ ͂ -- verb; 3rd person singular present subjunctive of <εἰμί> I am -- were
ὁ -- article; nominative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
θεὸς -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <θεός> god -- God
μετ' -- preposition; <μετά> after, with -- with
αὐτοῦ -- pronoun; genitive singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- him
͂ εν αὐτῷ.
3:3 - ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἰπ
ἀπεκρίθη -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist passive of <ἀποκρίνω> separate, answer -
- answered
Ἰησοῦς -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <Ἰησοῦς> Jesus -- Jesus
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
͂ εν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <λέγω> say -- said
εἰπ
αὐτῷ -- pronoun; dative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- (to) him
ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω σοι, ἐὰν μή τις γεννηθῇ ἄνωθεν, οὐ δύναται ἰδεῖν τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ
θεοῦ.
ἀμὴν -- adverb; <ἀμήν> verily, truly -- verily
ἀμὴν -- adverb; <ἀμήν> verily, truly -- verily
λέγω -- verb; 1st person singular present of <λέγω> say -- I say
σοι -- pronoun; dative singular masculine of <σύ> you -- to you
ἐὰν -- conjunction; <ἐάν> if -- if
μή -- particle; <μή> not -- not
τις -- indefinite pronoun; nominative singular masculine of <τις> someone, something
-- one
γεννηθῇ -- deponent verb; 3rd person singular aorist subjunctive passive of
<γίγνομαι> happen, become -- is...born
ἄνωθεν -- adverb; <ἄνωθεν> from above, anew -- from above (again)
οὐ -- particle; <οὐ> not -- not
δύναται -- deponent verb; 3rd person singular present middle of <δύναμαι> be able --
can
ἰδεῖν -- verb; aorist infinitive of <ὁράω> see -- see
τὴν -- article; accusative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- the
βασιλείαν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <βασιλεία> kingdom -- kingdom
τοῦ -- article; genitive singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
θεοῦ -- noun, masculine; genitive singular of <θεός> god -- God
μὴ δύναται εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν τῆς μητρός αὐτοῦ δεύτερον εἰσελθεῖν καὶ γεννηθῆναι;
μὴ -- particle; <μή> not -- surely...not
δύναται -- deponent verb; 3rd person singular present middle of <δύναμαι> be able --
(he) can
εἰς -- preposition; <εἰς> towards -- into
τὴν -- article; accusative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- the
κοιλίαν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <κοιλία> womb -- womb
τῆς -- article; genitive singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
μητρός -- noun, feminine; genitive singular of <μήτηρ> mother -- mother
αὐτοῦ -- pronoun; genitive singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- (of) his
δεύτερον -- adverb; <δεύτερον> second -- a second time
εἰσελθεῖν -- deponent verb; infinitive aorist of <εἰσέρχομαι> enter -- enter
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
γεννηθῆναι -- deponent verb; infinitive aorist passive of <γίγνομαι> happen, become -
- be born
ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω σοι, ἐὰν μή τις γεννηθῇ ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος, οὐ δύναται
εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ
ἀμὴν -- adverb; <ἀμήν> verily, truly -- verily
ἀμὴν -- adverb; <ἀμήν> verily, truly -- verily
λέγω -- verb; 1st person singular present of <λέγω> say -- I say
σοι -- pronoun; dative singular masculine of <σύ> you -- to you
ἐὰν -- conjunction; <ἐάν> if -- if
μή -- particle; <μή> not -- not
τις -- indefinite pronoun; nominative singular masculine of <τις> someone, something
-- one
γεννηθῇ -- deponent verb; 3rd person singular aorist subjunctive passive of
<γίγνομαι> happen, become -- is born
ἐξ -- preposition; <ἐξ> from, out of -- of
ὕδατος -- noun, neuter; genitive singular of <ὕδωρ> water -- water
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
πνεύματος -- noun, neuter; genitive singular of <πνεῦμα> spirit -- spirit
οὐ -- particle; <οὐ> not -- not
δύναται -- deponent verb; 3rd person singular present middle of <δύναμαι> be able --
can
εἰσελθεῖν -- deponent verb; infinitive aorist of <εἰσέρχομαι> enter -- enter
εἰς -- preposition; <εἰς> towards -- into
τὴν -- article; accusative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- the
βασιλείαν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <βασιλεία> kingdom -- kingdom
τοῦ -- article; genitive singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
θεοῦ -- noun, masculine; genitive singular of <θεός> god -- (of) God
3:6 - τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τῆς σαρκὸς σάρξ ἐστιν, καὶ τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τοῦ
πνεύματος πνεῦμα ἐστιν.
τὸ -- article; nominative singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- that
γεγεννημένον -- deponent verb; nominative singular neuter of perfect participle
passive of <γίγνομαι> happen, become -- born
ἐκ -- preposition; <ἐκ> from, out of -- from
τῆς -- article; genitive singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- the
σαρκὸς -- noun, feminine; genitive singular of <σάρξ> flesh -- flesh
σάρξ -- noun, feminine; nominative singular of <σάρξ> flesh -- flesh
ἐστιν -- verb; 3rd person singular present of <εἰμί> I am -- is
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
τὸ -- article; nominative singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- that
γεγεννημένον -- deponent verb; nominative singular neuter of perfect participle
passive of <γίγνομαι> happen, become -- born
ἐκ -- preposition; <ἐκ> from, out of -- from
τοῦ -- article; genitive singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
πνεύματος -- noun, neuter; genitive singular of <πνεῦμα> spirit -- spirit
πνεῦμα -- noun, neuter; nominative singular of <πνεῦμα> spirit -- spirit
ἐστιν -- verb; 3rd person singular present of <εἰμί> I am -- is
3:8 - τὸ πνεῦμα ὅπου θέλει πνεῖ, καὶ τὴν φωνήν αὐτοῦ ἀκούεις, ἀλλ' οὐκ οἰδ͂ ας
πόθεν ἔρχεται καὶ ποῦ ὑπάγει·
τὸ -- article; nominative singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
πνεῦμα -- noun, neuter; nominative singular of <πνεῦμα> spirit -- (spirit) wind
ὅπου -- adverb; <ὅπου> where -- where
θέλει -- verb; 3rd person singular present of <θέλω> mean, purport -- it wishes
πνεῖ -- verb; 3rd person singular present of <πνέω> blow -- blows
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
τὴν -- article; accusative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- the
φωνήν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <φωνή> voice, sound -- sound
αὐτοῦ -- pronoun; genitive singular neuter of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- of it
ἀκούεις -- verb; 2nd person singular present of <ἀκούω> hear, listen -- you hear
ἀλλ' -- conjunction; <ἀλλά> but -- but
οὐκ -- particle; <οὐκ> not -- not
οἰδ͂ ας -- verb; 2nd person singular perfect of <οἰδ͂ α> know -- you know
πόθεν -- adverb; <πόθεν> from where -- from where
ἔρχεται -- deponent verb; 3rd person singular present middle of <ἔρχομαι> come, go -
- it comes
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ποῦ -- adverb; <ποῦ> where -- where
ὑπάγει -- verb; 3rd person singular present of <ὑπάγω> lead on, retire -- it goes
͂ εν αὐτῷ·
3:10 - ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἰπ
ἀπεκρίθη -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist passive of <ἀποκρίνω> separate, answer -
- answered
Ἰησοῦς -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <Ἰησοῦς> Jesus -- Jesus
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
͂ εν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <λέγω> say -- said
εἰπ
αὐτῷ -- pronoun; dative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- to him
3:11 - ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω σοι ὅτι ὃ οἰδ͂ αμεν λαλοῦμεν καὶ ὃ ἑωράκαμεν μαρτυροῦμεν,
καὶ τὴν μαρτυρίαν ἡμῶν οὐ λαμβάνετε.
ἀμὴν -- adverb; <ἀμήν> verily, truly -- verily
ἀμὴν -- adverb; <ἀμήν> verily, truly -- verily
λέγω -- verb; 1st person singular present of <λέγω> say -- I say
σοι -- pronoun; dative singular masculine of <σύ> you -- to you
ὅτι -- conjunction; <ὅτι> because, that -- that
ὃ -- relative pronoun; accusative singular neuter of <ὅς> who, which -- what
οἰδ͂ αμεν -- verb; 1st person plural perfect of <οἰδ͂ α> know -- we know
λαλοῦμεν -- verb; 1st person plural present of <λαλέω> speak -- we speak of
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ὃ -- relative pronoun; accusative singular neuter of <ὅς> who, which -- what
ἑωράκαμεν -- verb; 1st person plural perfect of <ὁράω> see -- we have seen
μαρτυροῦμεν -- verb; 1st person plural present of <μαρτυρέω> bear witness -- we
bear witness (of)
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
τὴν -- article; accusative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
μαρτυρίαν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <μαρτυρία> testimony --
testimony
ἡμῶν -- pronoun; genitive plural masculine of <ἐγώ> I -- our
οὐ -- particle; <οὐ> not -- not
λαμβάνετε -- verb; 2nd person plural present of <λαμβάνω> receive, capture --
receive
3:13 - καὶ οὐδεὶς ἀναβέβηκεν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν εἰ μὴ ὅ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς, ὁ υἱὸς
τοῦ ἀνθρώπου.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
οὐδεὶς -- pronoun; nominative singular masculine of <οὐδείς, οὐδεμία, οὐδέν> no one,
nothing -- no one
ἀναβέβηκεν -- verb; 3rd person singular perfect of <ἀναβαίνω> mount, go up -- has
gone up
εἰς -- preposition; <εἰς> towards -- to
τὸν -- article; accusative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
οὐρανὸν -- noun, masculine; accusative singular of <οὐρανός> heaven -- heaven
εἰ -- conjunction; <εἰ> if -- except for
μὴ -- particle; <μή> not -- ...
ὅ -- article used as pronoun; nominative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- the (one)
ἐκ -- preposition; <ἐκ> from, out of -- from
τοῦ -- article; genitive singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
οὐρανοῦ -- noun, masculine; genitive singular of <οὐρανός> heaven -- heaven
καταβάς -- verb; nominative singular masculine of aorist participle of <καταβαίνω>
descend -- coming down
ὁ -- article; nominative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
υἱὸς -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <υἱός> son -- son
τοῦ -- article; genitive singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
ἀνθρώπου -- noun, masculine; genitive singular of <ἄνθρωπος> human being -- of
man
Lesson Text
3:1 - Ἠν͂ δὲ ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τῶν Φαρισαίων, Νικόδημος ὄνομα αὐτῷ, ἄρχων τῶν
Ἰουδαίων. 3:2 - οὑτ͂ ος ἠλ ͂ θεν πρὸς αὐτὸν νυκτὸς καὶ εἰπ
͂ εν αὐτῷ, ῥαββὶ, οἴδαμεν ὅτι
ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἐλήλυθας διδάσκαλος· οὐδεὶς γὰρ δύναται ταῦτα τὰ σημεῖα ποιεῖν ἃ σὺ
ποιεῖς, ἐὰν μὴ ᾐ ͂ ὁ θεὸς μετ' αὐτοῦ. 3:3 - ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἰπ
͂ εν αὐτῷ. ἀμὴν ἀμὴν
λέγω σοι, ἐὰν μή τις γεννηθῇ ἄνωθεν, οὐ δύναται ἰδεῖν τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ. 3:4 -
λέγει πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ Νικόδημος, πῶς δύναται ἄνθρωπος γεννηθῆναι γέρων ὠν͂ ; μὴ
δύναται εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν τῆς μητρός αὐτοῦ δεύτερον εἰσελθεῖν καὶ γεννηθῆναι; 3:5 -
ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς. ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω σοι, ἐὰν μή τις γεννηθῇ ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ
πνεύματος, οὐ δύναται εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ 3:6 - τὸ γεγεννημένον
ἐκ τῆς σαρκὸς σάρξ ἐστιν, καὶ τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος πνεῦμα ἐστιν. 3:7
- μὴ θαυμάσῃς ὅτι εἰπ ͂ όν σοι· δεῖ ὑμᾶς γεννηθῆναι ἄνωθεν. 3:8 - τὸ πνεῦμα ὅπου
θέλει πνεῖ, καὶ τὴν φωνήν αὐτοῦ ἀκούεις, ἀλλ' οὐκ οἰδ͂ ας πόθεν ἔρχεται καὶ ποῦ
ὑπάγει· οὕτως ἐστὶν πᾶς ὁ γεγεννημένος ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος. 3:9 - ἀπεκρίθη
Νικόδημος καὶ εἰπ ͂ εν αὐτῷ· πῶς δύναται ταῦτα γενέσθαι; 3:10 - ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς
͂ εν αὐτῷ· σὺ εἰ ͂ ὁ διδάσκαλος τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ ταῦτα οὐ γινώσκεις; 3:11 - ἀμὴν
καὶ εἰπ
ἀμὴν λέγω σοι ὅτι ὃ οἰδ͂ αμεν λαλοῦμεν καὶ ὃ ἑωράκαμεν μαρτυροῦμεν, καὶ τὴν
μαρτυρίαν ἡμῶν οὐ λαμβάνετε. 3:12 - εἰ τὰ ἐπίγεια εἰπ ͂ ον ὑμῖν καὶ οὐ πιστεύετε,
πῶς ἐάν εἰπ͂ ω ὑμῖν τὰ ἐπουράνια πιστεύσετε; 3:13 - καὶ οὐδεὶς ἀναβέβηκεν εἰς τὸν
οὐρανὸν εἰ μὴ ὅ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς, ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου. Romans 1:17b
(memory verse) -
Ὁ δὲ δίκαιος ἐκ πίστεως ζήσεται.
Translation
From the King James version:
3:1 There was a man of the Pharisees, named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews:
2 The same came to Jesus by night, and said unto him, Rabbi, we know that thou art
a teacher come from God: for no man can do these miracles that thou doest, except
God be with him.
3 Jesus answered and said unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be
of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. 6 That which is born of the
flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit. 7 Marvel not that I said unto
thee, Ye must be born again. 8 The wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest
the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth: so is
every one that is born of the Spirit.
9 Nicodemus answered and said unto him, How can these things be?
10 Jesus answered and said unto him, Art thou a master of Israel, and knowest not
these things? 11 Verily, verily, I say unto thee, We speak that we do know, and testify
that we have seen; and ye receive not our witness. 12 If I have told you earthly things,
and ye believe not, how shall ye believe, if I tell you of heavenly things? 13 And no
man hath ascended up to heaven, but he that came down from heaven, even the
Son of man which is in heaven.
Romans 1:17b (memory verse) --
The just shall live by faith.
Grammar
11 Nouns: ι-stems.
Nouns with stems in -ι have endings differing from those of the -ο- and -ᾱ- declensions,
except in the accusative singular and genitive plural. Their endings also vary in the epic
texts, but the basic inflection is given here with the noun πόλις 'city'.
Nom sg ἡ πόλις Nom pl αἱ πόλεις
Gen sg τῆς πόλεος Gen pl τῶν πολίων
Dat sg τῇ πόλει Dat pl ταῖς πόλισι
Acc sg τῆν πόλιν Acc pl τὰς πόλεις
12 Adjectives of the -ο- and -ᾱ- Declensions.
Many of the most common adjectives fall in these declensions, e.g. κακός 'bad', νέος
'new', φίλος 'dear'. Their endings are those of the nouns in the declensions. It must be
noted, however, that feminine singular forms have -η rather than -α unless their stems
ending in -ε, -ι, -ρ, as in δικαία 'just'. Some, especially compound adjectives, have only
two endings, e.g. βάρβαρος, -ον 'foreign', παράνομος, -ον 'unlawful.
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nom sg κακός κακή κακόν
Gen sg κακοῦ κακῆς κακοῦ
Dat sg κακῷ κακῇ κακῷ
Acc sg κακόν κακήν κακόν
Infinitive πιστεῦσαι
Participle πιστεύσας πιστεύσασα πιστεῦσαν 'one who
Gen sg πιστεύσαντος πιστεύσης πιστεύσαντος believed'
4:2 - Καὶ οὐκ ἔφαγεν οὐδὲν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις, καὶ συντελεσθεισῶν αὐτῶν
ἐπείνασεν.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
οὐκ -- particle; <οὐκ> not -- not
ἔφαγεν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <ἔδω> eat -- he ate
οὐδὲν -- pronoun; accusative singular neuter of <οὐδείς, οὐδεμία, οὐδέν> no one,
nothing -- nothing
ταῖς -- article; dative plural feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
ἡμέραις -- noun, feminine; dative plural of <ἡμέρα> day -- days
ἐκείναις -- demonstrative pronoun; dative plural feminine of <ἐκεῖνος> that -- those
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
συντελεσθεισῶν -- verb; genitive plural feminine of aorist passive participle of
<συντελέω> complete -- (when ... were) completed
αὐτῶν -- pronoun; genitive plural feminine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- these
ἐπείνασεν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <πεινάω> to be hungry -- he was
hungry
͂ εν δὲ αὐτῷ ὁ διάβολος, εἰ υἱὸς εἰ ͂ τοῦ θεοῦ, εἰπὲ τῷ λίθῷ τούτῳ ἵνα γένηται
4:3 - εἰπ
ἄρτος.
εἰπ ͂ εν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <λέγω> say -- said
δὲ -- particle; <δέ> and, on the other hand -- and
αὐτῷ -- pronoun; dative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- to him
ὁ -- article; nominative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
διάβολος -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <διάβολος> devil -- devil
εἰ -- conjunction; <εἰ> if -- if
υἱὸς -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <υἱός> son -- son
εἰ ͂ -- verb; 2nd person singular present of <εἰμί> I am -- you are
τοῦ -- article; genitive singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
θεοῦ -- noun, masculine; genitive singular of <θεός> god -- of God
εἰπὲ -- verb; 2nd person singular imperative aorist of <λέγω> say -- tell
τῷ -- article; dative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
λίθῷ -- noun, masculine; dative singular of <λίθος> stone -- stone
τούτῳ -- demonstrative pronoun; dative singular masculine of <οὑτ͂ ος> this -- this
ἵνα -- conjunction; <ἵνα> so that -- that
γένηται -- deponent verb; 3rd person singular aorist subjunctive of <γίγνομαι>
happen, become -- it become
ἄρτος -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <ἄρτος> bread -- bread
4:4 - καὶ ἀπεκρίθη πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ Ἰησοῦς, γέγραπται ὅτι οὐκ ἐπ' ἄρτῳ μόνῳ ζήσεται ὁ
ἄνθρωπος.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἀπεκρίθη -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist passive of <ἀποκρίνω> separate, answer -
- answered
πρὸς -- preposition; <πρός> to -- ...
αὐτὸν -- pronoun; accusative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- him
ὁ -- article; nominative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
Ἰησοῦς -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <Ἰησοῦς> Jesus -- Jesus
γέγραπται -- verb; 3rd person singular perfect passive of <γράφω> write -- it is
written
ὅτι -- conjunction; <ὅτι> because, that -- ...
οὐκ -- particle; <οὐκ> not -- not
ἐπ' -- preposition; <ἐπί> on, about -- by
ἄρτῳ -- noun, masculine; dative singular of <ἄρτος> bread -- bread
μόνῳ -- adjective; dative singular masculine of <μόνος> alone -- alone
ζήσεται -- verb; 3rd person singular future middle of <ζάω> live -- will ... live
ὁ -- article; nominative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
ἄνθρωπος -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <ἄνθρωπος> human being --
man
4:5 - καὶ ἀναγαγῶν αὐτὸν ἔδειξεν αὐτῷ πάσας τὰς βασιλείας τῆς οἰκουμένης ἐν
στιγμῇ χρόνου.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἀναγαγῶν -- verb; nominative singular masculine of aorist participle of <ἀνάγω> lead
up -- leading ... up
αὐτὸν -- pronoun; accusative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- him
ἔδειξεν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <δείκνυμι> show -- he showed
αὐτῷ -- pronoun; dative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- him
πάσας -- adjective; accusative plural feminine of <πᾶς> all, every -- all
τὰς -- article; accusative plural feminine of <ὁ> the -- the
βασιλείας -- noun, feminine; accusative plural of <βασιλεία> kingdom -- kingdoms
τῆς -- article; genitive singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- of the
οἰκουμένης -- noun, feminine; genitive singular of <οἰκουμένη> the inhabited world,
the Roman world -- world
ἐν -- preposition; <ἐν> in -- in
στιγμῇ -- noun, feminine; dative singular of <στιγμή> spot, point -- a point
χρόνου -- noun, masculine; genitive singular of <χρόνος> time -- of time
͂ εν αὐτῷ ὁ διάβολος, σοὶ δώσω τὴν ἐξουσίαν ταύτην ἅπασαν καὶ τὴν
4:6 - καὶ εἰπ
δόξαν αὐτῶν, ὅτι ἐμοὶ παραδέδοται καὶ ᾡ ͂ ἐὰν θέλω δίδωμι αὐτὴν.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
εἰπ ͂ εν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <λέγω> say -- said
αὐτῷ -- pronoun; dative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- to him
ὁ -- article; nominative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
διάβολος -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <διάβολος> devil -- devil
σοὶ -- pronoun; dative singular masculine of <σύ> you -- you
δώσω -- verb; 1st person singular future of <δίδωμι> give -- I will give
τὴν -- article; accusative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- the
ἐξουσίαν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <ἐξουσία> power -- power
ταύτην -- demonstrative pronoun; accusative singular feminine of <οὑτ͂ ος> this -- this
ἅπασαν -- adjective; accusative singular feminine of <ἅπας> all -- all
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
τὴν -- article; accusative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- the
δόξαν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <δόξα> glory -- glory
αὐτῶν -- pronoun; genitive plural feminine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- of them
ὅτι -- conjunction; <ὅτι> because, that -- because
ἐμοὶ -- pronoun; dative singular masculine of <ἐγώ> I -- to me
παραδέδοται -- verb; 3rd person singular present passive of <παραδίδωμι> give to -- it
was given to
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ᾡ ͂ -- relative pronoun; dative singular masculine of <ὅς> who, which -- to whom
ἐὰν -- conjunction; <ἐάν> if -- if
θέλω -- verb; 1st person singular present of <θέλω> mean, purport -- I wish
δίδωμι -- verb; 1st person singular present of <δίδωμι> give -- I give
αὐτὴν -- pronoun; accusative singular feminine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- it
4:7 - σὺ οὐν͂ ἐὰν προσκυνήσῃς ἐνώπιον ἐμοῦ, ἔσται σοῦ πᾶσα.
σὺ -- pronoun; nominative singular masculine of <σύ> you -- you
οὐν͂ -- particle; <οὐν͂ > indeed -- actually
ἐὰν -- conjunction; <ἐάν> if -- if
προσκυνήσῃς -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist subjunctive of <προσκυνέω> worship
-- bow down
ἐνώπιον -- preposition; <ἐνώπιον> before -- before
ἐμοῦ -- pronoun; genitive singular masculine of <ἐγώ> I -- me
ἔσται -- verb; 3rd person singular future of <εἰμί> I am -- will be
σοῦ -- pronoun; genitive singular masculine of <σύ> you -- yours
πᾶσα -- adjective; nominative singular feminine of <πᾶς> all, every -- all
4:9 - Ἤγαγεν δὲ αὐτὸν εἰς Ἱερουσαλὴμ καὶ ἔστησεν ἐπὶ τὸ πτερύγιον τοῦ ἱεροῦ.
ἤγαγεν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <ἄγω> lead -- he led
δὲ -- particle; <δέ> and, on the other hand -- and
αὐτὸν -- pronoun; accusative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- him
εἰς -- preposition; <εἰς> towards -- to
Ἱερουσαλὴμ -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <Ἱερουσαλήμ> Jerusalem --
Jerusalem
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἔστησεν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <ἵστημι> put, place, stand -- placed
ἐπὶ -- preposition; <ἐπί> on, about -- on
τὸ -- article; accusative singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
πτερύγιον -- noun, neuter; accusative singular of <πτερύγιον> pinnacle -- pinnacle
τοῦ -- article; genitive singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- of the
ἱεροῦ -- noun, neuter; genitive singular of <ἱερόν> temple -- temple
͂ εν αὐτῷ, εἰ υἱὸς εἰ ͂ τοῦ θεοῦ, βάλε σεαυτὸν ἐντεῦθεν κάτω.
καὶ εἰπ
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
εἰπ ͂ εν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <λέγω> say -- he said
αὐτῷ -- pronoun; dative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- to him
εἰ -- conjunction; <εἰ> if -- if
υἱὸς -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <υἱός> son -- (the) son
εἰ ͂ -- verb; 2nd person singular present of <εἰμί> I am -- you are
τοῦ -- article; genitive singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
θεοῦ -- noun, masculine; genitive singular of <θεός> god -- of God
βάλε -- verb; 2nd person singular aorist imperative of <βάλλω> throw -- throw
σεαυτὸν -- reflexive pronoun; 2nd person singular accusative of <σἑαυτοῦ> yourself --
yourself
ἐντεῦθεν -- adverb; <ἐντεῦθεν> from there -- from here
κάτω -- adverb; <κάτω> down, downward -- down
4:10 - γέγραπται
4:11 - καὶ
4:13 - Καὶ συντελέσας πάντα πειρασμὸν ὁ διάβολος ἀπέστη ἀπ' αὐτοῦ ἄχρι καιροῦ.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
συντελέσας -- verb; nominative singular masculine of aorist participle of <συντελέω>
complete -- having completed
πάντα -- adjective; accusative singular masculine of <πᾶς> all, every -- (the) entire
πειρασμὸν -- noun, masculine; accusative singular of <πειρασμός> temptation --
temptation
ὁ -- article; nominative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
διάβολος -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <διάβολος> devil -- devil
ἀπέστη -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <ἀπίστημι> leave, depart -- departed
ἀπ' -- preposition; <ἀπό> from -- from
αὐτοῦ -- pronoun; genitive singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- him
ἄχρι -- preposition; <ἄχρι> until -- for
καιροῦ -- noun, masculine; genitive singular of <καιρός> time -- (a) time
Lesson Text
4:1 - Ἰησοῦς δὲ πλήρης πνεύματος ἁγίου ὑπέστρεψεν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἰορδάνου, καὶ ἤγετο
ἐν τῷ πνεύματι ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ ἡμέρας τεσσεράκοντα πειραζόμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ διαβόλου.
4:2 - Καὶ οὐκ ἔφαγεν οὐδὲν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις, καὶ συντελεσθεισῶν αὐτῶν
ἐπείνασεν. 4:3 - εἰπ ͂ εν δὲ αὐτῷ ὁ διάβολος, εἰ υἱὸς εἰ ͂ τοῦ θεοῦ, εἰπὲ τῷ λίθῷ τούτῳ
ἵνα γένηται ἄρτος. 4:4 - καὶ ἀπεκρίθη πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ Ἰησοῦς, γέγραπται ὅτι οὐκ ἐπ'
ἄρτῳ μόνῳ ζήσεται ὁ ἄνθρωπος. 4:5 - καὶ ἀναγαγῶν αὐτὸν ἔδειξεν αὐτῷ πάσας τὰς
βασιλείας τῆς οἰκουμένης ἐν στιγμῇ χρόνου. 4:6 - καὶ εἰπ ͂ εν αὐτῷ ὁ διάβολος, σοὶ
δώσω τὴν ἐξουσίαν ταύτην ἅπασαν καὶ τὴν δόξαν αὐτῶν, ὅτι ἐμοὶ παραδέδοται καὶ
ᾡ ͂ ἐὰν θέλω δίδωμι αὐτὴν. 4:7 - σὺ οὐν͂ ἐὰν προσκυνήσῃς ἐνώπιον ἐμοῦ, ἔσται σοῦ
πᾶσα. 4:8 - Καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἰπ ͂ εν αὐτῷ, γέγραπται προσκυνήσεις κύριον
τὸν θεὸν σοῦ καὶ αὐτῷ μονῷ λατρεύσεις. 4:9 - Ἤγαγεν δὲ αὐτὸν εἰς Ἱερουσαλὴμ καὶ
ἔστησεν ἐπὶ τὸ πτερύγιον τοῦ ἱεροῦ. καὶ εἰπ ͂ εν αὐτῷ, εἰ υἱὸς εἰ ͂ τοῦ θεοῦ, βάλε
σεαυτὸν ἐντεῦθεν κάτω. 4:10 - γέγραπται
Spirit into the wilderness, 2 Being forty days tempted of the devil. And in those days
he did eat nothing: and when they were ended, he afterward hungered.
3 And the devil said unto him, If thou be the Son of God, command this stone that it
be made bread.
4 And Jesus answered him, saying, It is written, That man shall not live by bread
kingdoms of the world in a moment of time. 6 And the devil said unto him, All this
power will I give thee, and the glory of them: for that is delivered unto me; and to
whomsoever I will I give it. 7 If thou therefore wilt worship me, all shall be thine.
8 And Jesus answered and said unto him, it is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord
unto him, If thou be the Son of God, cast thyself down from hence: 10 For it is written,
He shall give his angels charge over thee,
to keep thee:
11 And
God.
13 And when the devil had ended all the temptation, he departed from him for a
season.
Romans 8:31b (memory verse) --
If God is for us, who can be against us?
Grammar
16 Nouns ending in -ηρ.
The basic relationship terms, among other nouns, end in -ηρ, and have no -ε- in the
genitive and dative singular, and the dative plural. The following are examples.
father daughter man
Nom. sg. ὁ πατήρ ἡ θυγάτηρ ὁ ἀνήρ
Gen. sg. τοῦ πατρός τῆς θυγατρός τοῦ ἀνδρός
Dat. sg. τῷ πατρί τῇ θυγατρί τῷ ανδρί
Acc. sg. τὸν πατέρα τῆν θυγατέρα τὸν ἄνδρα
5:11 - μακάριοι ἐστέ ὅταν ὀνειδίσωσιν ὑμᾶς καὶ διώξωσιν καὶ εἴπωσιν πᾶν πονηρὸν
καθ' ὑμῶν ψευδόμενοι ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ.
μακάριοι -- adjective; nominative plural masculine of <μακάριος> blessed -- blessed
ἐστέ -- verb; 2nd person plural present of <εἰμί> I am -- you are
ὅταν -- conjunction; <ὅταν> when, every time -- every time
ὀνειδίσωσιν -- verb; 3rd person plural aorist subjunctive of <ὀνειδίζω> reproach --
they will reproach
ὑμᾶς -- pronoun; accusative plural masculine of <σύ> you -- you
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
διώξωσιν -- verb; 3rd person plural aorist subjunctive of <διώκω> follow, prosecute --
persecute
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
εἴπωσιν -- verb; 3rd person plural aorist subjunctive of <λέγω> say -- say
πᾶν -- adjective; accusative singular neuter of <πᾶς> all, every -- everything
πονηρὸν -- adjective; accusative singular neuter of <πονηρός> evil, wicked -- evil
καθ' -- preposition; <κατά> completely, down, under -- against
ὑμῶν -- pronoun; genitive plural masculine of <σύ> you -- you
ψευδόμενοι -- deponent verb; nominative plural masculine of present participle of
<ψεύδομαι> lie, deceive -- lyingly
ἕνεκεν -- preposition; <ἕνεκεν> because of -- because of
ἐμοῦ -- pronoun; genitive singular masculine of <ἐγώ> I -- me
5:12 - χαίρετε καὶ ἀγαλλιᾶσθε, ὅτι ὁ μισθὸς ὑμῶν πολὺς ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς.
χαίρετε -- verb; 2nd person plural imperative of <χαίρω> rejoice -- be glad
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἀγαλλιᾶσθε -- verb; 2nd person plural imperative middle of <ἀγαλλιάω> rejoice
exceedingly -- rejoice
ὅτι -- conjunction; <ὅτι> because, that -- because
ὁ -- article; nominative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
μισθὸς -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <μισθός> reward -- reward
ὑμῶν -- pronoun; genitive plural masculine of <σύ> you -- your
πολὺς -- adjective; nominative singular masculine of <πολύς> many -- (will be) great
ἐν -- preposition; <ἐν> in -- in
τοῖς -- article; dative plural masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
οὐρανοῖς -- noun, masculine; dative plural of <οὐρανός> heaven -- heavens
Lesson Text
5:1 - Ἰδὼν δὲ τοὺς ὄχλους ἀνέβη εἰς τὸ ὄρος· καὶ καθίσαντος αὐτοῦ προσῆλθαν αὐτῷ
οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ. 5:2 - καὶ ἀνοίξας τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ ἐδίδασκεν αὐτοὺς λέγων, 5:3 -
μακάριοι οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι,
ὅτι αὐτῶν ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν. 5:4 - μακάριοι οἱ πενθοῦντες,
ὅτι αὐτοὶ παρακληθήσονται. 5:5 - μακάριοι οἱ πραεῖς,
ὅτι αὐτοὶ κληρονομήσουσιν τὴν γῆν. 5:6 - μακάριοι οἱ πεινῶντες καὶ διψῶντες
τὴν δικαιοσύνην,
ὅτι αὐτοὶ χορτασθήσανται. 5:7 - μακάριοι οἱ ἐλεήμονες,
ὅτι αὐτοὶ ἐλεηθήσονται. 5:8 - μακάριοι οἱ καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ,
ὅτι αὐτοὶ τὸν θεὸν ὄψονται 5:9 - μακάριοι οἱ εἰρηνοποιοί,
ὅτι αὐτοὶ υἱοὶ θεοῦ κληθήσονται. 5:10 - μακάριοι οἱ δεδιωγμένοι ἕνεκεν
δικαιοσύνης,
ὅτι αὐτῶν ἔστιν ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν. 5:11 - μακάριοι ἐστέ ὅταν ὀνειδίσωσιν
ὑμᾶς καὶ διώξωσιν καὶ εἴπωσιν πᾶν πονηρὸν καθ' ὑμῶν ψευδόμενοι ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ.
5:12 - χαίρετε καὶ ἀγαλλιᾶσθε, ὅτι ὁ μισθὸς ὑμῶν πολὺς ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς. οὕτως
γὰρ ἐδίωξαν τοὺς προφήτας τοὺς πρὸ ὑμῶν. 1 Peter 5:7 (memory verse) -
disciples came unto him: 2 And he opened his mouth, and taught them, saying,
3 Blessed are the poor in spirit:
manner of evil against you falsely, for my sake. 12 Rejoice, and be exceeding glad: for
great is your reward in heaven: for so persecuted they the prophets which were
before you.
1 Peter 5:7 (memory verse) --
Casting all your care upon him; for he careth for you.
Grammar
21 Consonant stems ending in dentals.
In these stems the consonant is dropped in the nominative singular, as well as in the
accusative singular of neuters, and in the dative plural.
foot body
Nom. sg. ὁ πούς τὸ σῶμα
Gen. sg. τοῦ ποδός τοῦ σώματος
Dat. sg. τῷ ποδί τῷ σώματι
Acc. sg. τὸν ποδά τὸ σῶμα
Indefinite
Masc Fem Neut
'who(ever)' 'who(ever)' 'what(ever)'
Nom. sg. ὄστις ἥτις ὅτι
Gen. sg. ὅτου ἡσ͂ τινος ὅτου
Dat. sg. ᾡτ͂ ινι ͂
ᾑτινι ᾡτ͂ ινι
Acc. sg. ὅντινα ἥντινα ὅτι
1 pl πιστεύομεθα ἐπιστευόμεθα
2 pl πιστεύεσθε ἐπιστεύεσθε
3 pl πιστεύονται ἐπιστεύονται
25 The subjunctive, optative, and imperative middle and passive forms, the infinitive and participle.
While these forms are not frequent, they are given here so that, if found, they may be
recognized. The participial forms, on the other hand, are relatively frequent.
Subjunctive Optative Imperative
1s πιστεύωμαι πιστευοίμην
2s πιστεύῃ πιστεύοιο πιστεύου
3s πιστεύηται πιστεύοιτο πιστεύεσθω
1p πιστευώμεθα πιστευοίμεθα
2p πιστεύησθε πιστεύοισθε πιστεύεσθε
3p πιστεύωνται πιστεύοιντο πιστευέσθων
Infinitive: πιστεύεσθαι
Participle: πιστευόμενος, πιστευομένη, πιστευόμενον
4:2 - καὶ ἐδίδασκεν αὐτοὺς ἐν παραβολαῖς πολλὰ, καὶ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς ἐν τῇ διδαχῇ
αὐτοῦ.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἐδίδασκεν -- verb; 3rd person singular imperfect of <διδάσκω> teach -- he taught
αὐτοὺς -- pronoun; accusative plural masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- them
ἐν -- preposition; <ἐν> in -- in
παραβολαῖς -- noun, feminine; dative plural of <παραβολή> parable -- parables
πολλὰ -- adjective; accusative plural neuter of <πολύς> many -- many (things)
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἔλεγεν -- verb; 3rd person singular imperfect of <λέγω> say -- he spoke
αὐτοῖς -- pronoun; dative plural masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- to them
ἐν -- preposition; <ἐν> in -- in
τῇ -- article; dative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
διδαχῇ -- noun, feminine; dative singular of <διδαχή> teaching -- teaching
αὐτοῦ -- pronoun; genitive singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- his
4:4 - καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ σπείρειν ὅ μὲν ἔπεσεν παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν, καὶ ἥλθεν τὰ πετεινὰ
καὶ κατέφαγεν αὐτό.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἐγένετο -- deponent verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <γίγνομαι> happen, become --
it happened
ἐν -- preposition; <ἐν> in -- in (the course of)
τῷ -- article; dative singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
σπείρειν -- verb; infinitive of <σπείρω> sow -- sowing
ὅ -- article used as pronoun; nominative singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- some (of the
seed)
μὲν -- particle; <μέν> on the one hand -- indeed
ἔπεσεν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <πίπτω> fall -- fell
παρὰ -- preposition; <παρά> from, of -- beside
τὴν -- article; accusative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- the
ὁδόν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <ὁδός> way, road -- road
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἥλθεν -- deponent verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <ἔρχομαι> come, go -- came
τὰ -- article; nominative plural neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
πετεινὰ -- noun, neuter; nominative plural of <πετεινόν> bird -- birds
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
κατέφαγεν -- verb; 3rd person plural aorist of <κατέδω> eat up, devour -- devoured
αὐτό -- pronoun; accusative singular neuter of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- it
4:7 - καὶ ἄλλο ἔπεσεν εἰς τὰς ἀκάνθας, καὶ ἀνέβησαν αἱ ἄκανθαι καὶ συνέπνιξαν
αὐτό, καὶ καρπὸν οὐκ ἔδωκεν.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἄλλο -- adjective; nominative singular neuter of <ἄλλος> other -- others
ἔπεσεν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <πίπτω> fall -- fell
εἰς -- preposition; <εἰς> towards -- into
τὰς -- article; accusative plural feminine of <ὁ> the -- the
ἀκάνθας -- noun, feminine; accusative plural of <ἄκανθα> thorn -- thorns
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἀνέβησαν -- verb; 3rd person plural aorist of <ἀναβαίνω> mount, go up -- grew up
αἱ -- article; nominative plural feminine of <ὁ> the -- the
ἄκανθαι -- noun, feminine; nominative plural of <ἄκανθα> thorn -- thorns
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
συνέπνιξαν -- verb; 3rd person plural aorist of <συμπνίγω> choke -- choked
αὐτό -- pronoun; accusative singular neuter of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- it
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
καρπὸν -- noun, masculine; accusative singular of <καρπός> fruit -- fruit
οὐκ -- particle; <οὐκ> not -- not
ἔδωκεν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <δίδωμι> give -- give
4:8 - καὶ ἄλλα ἔπεσεν εἰς τὴν γῆν τὴν καλήν, καὶ ἐδίδου καρπὸν ἀναβαίνοντα καὶ
αὐξανόμενα, καὶ ἔφερεν εἰς τριάκοντα καὶ ἐν ἑξήκοντα καὶ ἐν ἑκατόν.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἄλλα -- adjective; nominative plural neuter of <ἄλλος> other -- others
ἔπεσεν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <πίπτω> fall -- fell
εἰς -- preposition; <εἰς> towards -- on
τὴν -- article; accusative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
γῆν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <γῆ> earth, land -- land
τὴν -- article; accusative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
καλήν -- adjective; accusative singular feminine of <καλός> good, beautiful --
excellent
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἐδίδου -- verb; 3rd person singular imperfect of <δίδωμι> give -- it gave
καρπὸν -- noun, masculine; accusative singular of <καρπός> fruit -- fruit
ἀναβαίνοντα -- verb; accusative singular masculine of present participle of
<ἀναβαίνω> mount, go up -- that having ripened
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
αὐξανόμενα -- verb; accusative singular masculine of present participle middle of
<αὐξάνω> increase -- having increased
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἔφερεν -- verb; 3rd person singular imperfect of <φέρω> bear, bring, carry --
produced
εἰς -- preposition; <εἰς> towards -- (some) as much as
τριάκοντα -- number; <τριάκοντα> thirty -- thirty(fold)
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἐν -- preposition; <ἐν> in -- as much as
ἑξήκοντα -- number; <ἑξήκοντα> sixty -- sixty(fold)
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἐν -- preposition; <ἐν> in -- as much as
ἑκατόν -- number; <ἑκατόν> hundred -- a hundred
4:10 - Καὶ ὅτε ἐγένετο κατὰ μόνας ἠρώτων αὐτὸν οἱ περὶ αὐτὸν σὺν τοῖς δώδεκα τὰς
παραβολάς.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ὅτε -- conjunction; <ὅτε> when -- when
ἐγένετο -- deponent verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <γίγνομαι> happen, become --
it happened
κατὰ -- preposition; <κατά> completely, down, under -- ...
μόνας -- adjective; accusative plural masculine of <μόνος> alone -- (that they were)
alone
ἠρώτων -- verb; 3rd person plural imperfect of <ἐρωτάω> ask -- asked
αὐτὸν -- pronoun; accusative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- him
οἱ -- article; nominative plural masculine of <ὁ> the -- the(ones)
περὶ -- preposition; <περί> around -- about
αὐτὸν -- pronoun; accusative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- him
σὺν -- preposition; <σύν> with -- with
τοῖς -- article; dative plural masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
δώδεκα -- number; <δώδεκα> twelve -- twelve
τὰς -- article; accusative plural feminine of <ὁ> the -- (about) the
παραβολάς -- noun, feminine; accusative plural of <παραβολή> parable -- parables
4:11 - καὶ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς, ὑμῖν τὸ μυστήριον δέδοται τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ θεοῦ.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἔλεγεν -- verb; 3rd person singular imperfect of <λέγω> say -- he said
αὐτοῖς -- pronoun; dative plural masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- to them
ὑμῖν -- pronoun; dative plural masculine of <σύ> you -- to you
τὸ -- article; accusative singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
μυστήριον -- noun, neuter; accusative singular of <μυστήριον> mystery -- mystery
δέδοται -- verb; 3rd person singular perfect passive of <δίδωμι> give -- it is given
τῆς -- article; genitive singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- of the
βασιλείας -- noun, feminine; genitive singular of <βασιλεία> kingdom -- kingdom
τοῦ -- article; genitive singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
θεοῦ -- noun, masculine; genitive singular of <θεός> god -- God
4:12 - ἵνα
Lesson Text
4:1 - Καὶ πάλιν ἤρξατο διδάσκειν παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν, καὶ συνάγεται πρός αὐτὸν
ὄχλος πλεῖστος, ὥστε αὐτὸν εἰς πλοῖον ἐμβάντα καθῆσθαι ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ, καὶ πᾶς
ὁ ὄχλος πρὸς τὴν θάλασσαν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἠσ ͂ αν. 4:2 - καὶ ἐδίδασκεν αὐτοὺς ἐν
παραβολαῖς πολλὰ, καὶ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς ἐν τῇ διδαχῇ αὐτοῦ. 4:3 - ἀκούετε, ἰδοὺ
ἐξῆλθεν ὁ σπείρων σπεῖραι. 4:4 - καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ σπείρειν ὅ μὲν ἔπεσεν παρὰ τὴν
ὁδόν, καὶ ἥλθεν τὰ πετεινὰ καὶ κατέφαγεν αὐτό. 4:5 - Καὶ ἄλλο ἔπεσεν ἐπὶ τὸ
πετρῶδες ὅπου οὐκ εἰχ ͂ εν γῆν πολλὴν, καὶ εὐθὺς ἐξανέτειλεν διὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν βάθος
͂ ιος ἐκαυματίσθη καὶ διὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν ῥίζαν
γῆς. 4:6 - καὶ ὅτε ἀνέτειλεν ὁ ἡλ
ἐξηράνθη. 4:7 - καὶ ἄλλο ἔπεσεν εἰς τὰς ἀκάνθας, καὶ ἀνέβησαν αἱ ἄκανθαι καὶ
συνέπνιξαν αὐτό, καὶ καρπὸν οὐκ ἔδωκεν. 4:8 - καὶ ἄλλα ἔπεσεν εἰς τὴν γῆν τὴν
καλήν, καὶ ἐδίδου καρπὸν ἀναβαίνοντα καὶ αὐξανόμενα, καὶ ἔφερεν εἰς τριάκοντα
καὶ ἐν ἑξήκοντα καὶ ἐν ἑκατόν. 4:9 - καὶ ἔλεγεν, ὃς ἔχει ὠτ͂ α ἀκούειν ἀκουέτω. 4:10 -
Καὶ ὅτε ἐγένετο κατὰ μόνας ἠρώτων αὐτὸν οἱ περὶ αὐτὸν σὺν τοῖς δώδεκα τὰς
παραβολάς. 4:11 - καὶ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς, ὑμῖν τὸ μυστήριον δέδοται τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ
θεοῦ. ἐκείνοις δὲ τοῖς ἔξω ἐν παραβολαῖς τὰ πάντα γίνεται, 4:12 - ἵνα
great multitude, so that he entered into a ship, and sat in the sea; and the whole
multitude was by the sea on the land. 2 And he taught them many things by parables,
and said unto them in his doctrine,
3 Hearken; Behold, there went out a sower to sow: 4 And it came to pass, as he
sowed, some fell by the way side, and the fowls of the air came and devoured it up.
5 And some fell on stony ground, where it had not much earth; and immediately it
sprang up, because it had no depth of earth: 6 But when the sun was up, it was
scorched; and because it had no root, it withered away. 7 And some fell among
thorns, and the thorns grew up, and choked it, and it yielded no fruit. 8 And other fell
on good ground, and did yield fruit that sprang up and increased; and brought forth,
some thirty, and some sixty, and some an hundred.
9 And he said unto them, He that hath ears to hear, let him hear.
10 And when he was alone, they that were about him with the twelve asked of him the
parable. 11 And he said unto them, Unto you it is given to know the mystery of the
kingdom of God: but unto them that are without, all these things are done in parables:
12 That
͂ ες τὰ σώματα
Nom. pl. αἱ αἰγ
Gen. pl. τῶν αἰγῶν τῶν σωμάτων
Dat. pl. τοῖς αἰξί τοῖς σώμασι
͂ ας τὰ σώματα
Acc. pl. τὰς αἰγ
-λ, -ρ -ν -υ
Nom. sg. ὁ ἅλς ὁ Ἕλλην ὁ σῦς
Gen. sg. τοῦ ἁλός τοῦ Ἕλληνος τοῦ συός
Dat. sg. τῷ ἁλί τῷ Ἕλλενι τῷ συί
Acc. sg. τὸν ἅλα τὸν Ἕλληνα τὸν σῦν
9:3 - καὶ μετεμορφώθη ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν, καὶ τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο στίλβοντα
͂ γναφεὺς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς οὐ δύναται οὕτως λευκᾶναι.
λευκὰ λίαν, οἱα
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
μετεμορφώθη -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist passive of <μεταμορφόω> transform
-- he was transfigured
ἔμπροσθεν -- preposition; <ἔμπροσθεν> before, in front -- before
αὐτῶν -- pronoun; genitive plural masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- them
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
τὰ -- article; nominative plural neuter of <ὁ> the -- ...
ἱμάτια -- noun, neuter; accusative plural of <ἱμάτιον> clothing -- clothing
αὐτοῦ -- pronoun; genitive singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- his
ἐγένετο -- deponent verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <γίγνομαι> happen, become --
became
στίλβοντα -- verb; nominative plural neuter of present middle participle of <στίλβω>
to shine, be radiant -- radiant
λευκὰ -- adjective; nominative plural neuter of <λευκός> white -- white
λίαν -- adverb; <λίαν> very -- very
οἱᾶ -- adjective; nominative plural neuter of <οἱο͂ ς> like, such that -- such that
γναφεὺς -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <γναφεύς> fuller -- fuller
ἐπὶ -- preposition; <ἐπί> on, about -- on
τῆς -- article; genitive singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
γῆς -- noun, feminine; genitive singular of <γῆ> earth, land -- earth
οὐ -- particle; <οὐ> not -- not
δύναται -- deponent verb; 3rd person singular present middle of <δύναμαι> be able --
is able
οὕτως -- adverb; <οὕτως> so, thus -- to such an extent
λευκᾶναι -- verb; aorist infinitive of <λευκάνόω> make white -- whiten
9:5 - καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ Πέτρος λέγει τῷ Ἰησοῦ; ῥαββὶ, καλόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ὡδ͂ ε εἰν͂ αι,
καὶ ποιήσωμεν τρεῖς σκηνάς, σοὶ μίαν καὶ Μωυσεῖ μίαν καὶ Ἠλίᾳ μίαν.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἀποκριθεὶς -- verb; nominative singular masculine of aorist passive participle of
<ἀποκρίνω> separate, answer -- speaking up
ὁ -- article; nominative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
Πέτρος -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <Πέτρος> Peter -- Peter
λέγει -- verb; 3rd person singular present of <λέγω> say -- says
τῷ -- article; dative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
Ἰησοῦ -- noun, masculine; dative singular of <Ἰησοῦς> Jesus -- to Jesus
ῥαββὶ -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <ῥαββί> rabbi -- Master
καλόν -- adjective; accusative singular neuter of <καλός> good, beautiful -- good
ἐστιν -- verb; 3rd person singular present of <εἰμί> I am -- it is
ἡμᾶς -- pronoun; accusative plural masculine of <ἐγώ> I -- (for) us
ὡδ͂ ε -- adverb; <ὡδ͂ ε> here -- here
εἰν͂ αι -- verb; infinitive of <εἰμί> I am -- to be
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ποιήσωμεν -- verb; 1st person plural future subjunctive of <ποιέω> make, do -- let us
make
τρεῖς -- number; <τρεῖς> three -- three
σκηνάς -- noun, feminine; accusative plural of <σκηνή> tent -- tents
σοὶ -- pronoun; dative singular masculine of <σύ> you -- for you
μίαν -- number; accusative singular feminine of <εἱς͂ > one -- one
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
Μωυσεῖ -- noun, masculine; dative singular of <Μωυσῆς> Moses -- for Moses
μίαν -- number; accusative singular feminine of <εἱς͂ > one -- one
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
Ἠλίᾳ -- noun, masculine; dative singular of <Ἠλίας> Elias -- for Elias
μίαν -- number; accusative singular feminine of <εἱς͂ > one -- one
9:7 - καὶ ἐγένετο νεφέλη ἐπισκιάζουσα αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐγένετο φωνὴ ἐκ τῆς νεφέλης·
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἐγένετο -- deponent verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <γίγνομαι> happen, become --
developed
νεφέλη -- noun, feminine; nominative singular of <νεφέλη> cloud -- a cloud
ἐπισκιάζουσα -- verb; nominative singular feminine of present participle of
<ἐπισκιάζω> overshadow -- overshadowing
αὐτοῖς -- pronoun; dative plural masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- them
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἐγένετο -- deponent verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <γίγνομαι> happen, become --
came
φωνὴ -- noun, feminine; nominative singular of <φωνή> voice, sound -- a voice
ἐκ -- preposition; <ἐκ> from, out of -- out of
τῆς -- article; genitive singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- the
νεφέλης -- noun, feminine; genitive singular of <νεφέλη> cloud -- cloud
9:8 - καὶ ἐξάπινα περιβλεψάμενοι οὐκέτι οὐδένα εἰδ͂ ον εἰ μὴ τὸν Ἰησοῦν μόνον μεθ'
ἑαυτῶν.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἐξάπινα -- adverb; <ἐξάπινα> suddenly -- suddenly
περιβλεψάμενοι -- verb; nominative plural masculine of aorist participle middle of
<περιβλέπω> look around -- looking around
οὐκέτι -- adverb; <οὐκέτι> no longer -- no longer
οὐδένα -- pronoun; accusative singular masculine of <οὐδείς, οὐδεμία, οὐδέν> no one,
nothing -- anyone
εἰδ͂ ον -- verb; 3rd person plural aorist of <ὁράω> see -- they saw
εἰ -- conjunction; <εἰ> if -- if
μὴ -- particle; <μή> not -- not = except
τὸν -- article; accusative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
Ἰησοῦν -- noun, masculine; accusative singular of <Ἰησοῦς> Jesus -- Jesus
μόνον -- adjective; accusative singular masculine of <μόνος> alone -- alone
μεθ' -- preposition; <μετά> after, with -- with
ἑαυτῶν -- reflexive pronoun; genitive plural masculine of <ἑαυτοῦ> oneself --
themselves
9:9 - Καὶ καταβαινόντων αὐτῶν ἐκ τοῦ ὄρους διεστείλατο αὐτοῖς ἵνα μηδενὶ ἅ εἰδ͂ ον
διηγήσωνται, εἰ μὴ ὅταν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστῇ.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
καταβαινόντων -- verb; genitive plural masculine of present participle of
<καταβαίνω> descend -- (were) going down
αὐτῶν -- pronoun; genitive plural masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- (as) they
ἐκ -- preposition; <ἐκ> from, out of -- from
τοῦ -- article; genitive singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
ὄρους -- noun, neuter; genitive singular of <ὄρος> mountain -- mountain
διεστείλατο -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist middle of <διαστέλλω> give express
orders -- he gave express orders
αὐτοῖς -- pronoun; dative plural masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- to them
ἵνα -- conjunction; <ἵνα> so that -- that
μηδενὶ -- adjective; dative singular masculine of <μηδείς> no one -- to no one
ἅ -- relative pronoun; accusative plural neuter of <ὅς> who, which -- what
εἰδ͂ ον -- verb; 3rd person plural aorist of <ὁράω> see -- they had seen
διηγήσωνται -- verb; 3rd person plural aorist subjunctive of <διηγέομαι> divulge --
should divulge
εἰ -- conjunction; <εἰ> if -- if
μὴ -- particle; <μή> not -- not = except
ὅταν -- conjunction; <ὅταν> when, every time -- when
ὁ -- article; nominative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
υἱὸς -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <υἱός> son -- son
τοῦ -- article; genitive singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
ἀνθρώπου -- noun, masculine; genitive singular of <ἄνθρωπος> human being -- of
man
ἐκ -- preposition; <ἐκ> from, out of -- from
νεκρῶν -- noun, masculine; genitive plural of <νεκρός> dead -- (the) dead
ἀναστῇ -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist subjunctive <ἀνίστημι> rise -- would arise
9:10 - καὶ τὸν λόγον ἐκράτησαν πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς συζητοῦντες τὶ ἐστιν τὸ ἐκ νεκρῶν
ἀναστῆναι.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
τὸν -- article; accusative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
λόγον -- noun, masculine; accusative singular of <λόγος> word, reason -- statement
ἐκράτησαν -- verb; 3rd person plural aorist of <κρατέω> hold fast, take to heart; rule,
conquer -- they took to heart
πρὸς -- preposition; <πρός> to -- among
ἑαυτοὺς -- reflexive pronoun; accusative plural masculine of <ἑαυτοῦ> oneself --
themselves
συζητοῦντες -- verb; nominative plural masculine present participle of <συζητέω>
discuss -- discussing
τὶ -- interrogative pronoun; accusative singular neuter of <τίς> who, what -- what
ἐστιν -- verb; 3rd person singular present of <εἰμί> I am -- is (might be)
τὸ -- article; nominative singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
ἐκ -- preposition; <ἐκ> from, out of -- from
νεκρῶν -- noun, masculine; genitive plural of <νεκρός> dead -- the dead
ἀναστῆναι -- verb; infinitive aorist of <ἀνίστημι> rise -- rising
9:11 - Καὶ ἐπηρώτων αὐτὸν λέγοντες ὅτι λέγουσιν οἱ γραμματεῖς ὅτι Ἠλίαν δεῖ
ἐλθεῖν πρῶτον;
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἐπηρώτων -- verb; 3rd person plural imperfect of <ἐπερωτάω> ask -- they asked
αὐτὸν -- pronoun; accusative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- him
λέγοντες -- verb; nominative plural masculine of present participle of <λέγω> say --
saying
ὅτι -- conjunction; <ὅτι> because, that -- ...
λέγουσιν -- verb; 3rd person plural present of <λέγω> say -- do. . .say
οἱ -- article; nominative plural masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
γραμματεῖς -- noun, masculine; nominative plural of <γραμματεύς> scribe -- scribes
ὅτι -- conjunction; <ὅτι> because, that -- that
Ἠλίαν -- noun, masculine; accusative singular of <Ἠλίας> Elias -- Elias
δεῖ -- verb; 3rd person singular present of <δεῖ> it is necessary -- it is necessary
ἐλθεῖν -- deponent verb; infinitive aorist of <ἔρχομαι> come, go -- come
πρῶτον -- adverb; <πρῶτον> first -- first
9:12 - ὁ δὲ ἔφη αὐτοῖς· Ἠλίας μὲν ἐλθὼν πρῶτον ἀποκαθιστάνει πάντα.
ὁ -- article used as pronoun; nominative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- he
δὲ -- particle; <δέ> and, on the other hand -- but
ἔφη -- verb; 3rd person singular imperfect of <φῆμι> say -- he said
αὐτοῖς -- pronoun; dative plural masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- to them
Ἠλίας -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <Ἠλίας> Elias -- Elias
μὲν -- particle; <μέν> on the one hand -- indeed
ἐλθὼν -- deponent verb; nominative singular masculine of aorist participle of
<ἔρχομαι> come, go -- having come
πρῶτον -- adverb; <πρῶτον> first -- first
ἀποκαθιστάνει -- verb; present infinitive of <ἀποκαθίστημι> restore -- to restore
πάντα -- adjective used as substantive; accusative plural neuter of <πᾶς> all, every --
all (things)
καὶ πῶς γέγραπται ἐπὶ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, ἵνα πολλὰ πάθῃ καὶ ἐξουδενηθῇ;
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
πῶς -- interrogative particle; <πῶς> how -- how
γέγραπται -- verb; 3rd person singular perfect passive of <γράφω> write -- is it
written
ἐπὶ -- preposition; <ἐπί> on, about -- about
τὸν -- article; accusative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
υἱὸν -- noun, masculine; accusative singular of <υἱός> son -- son
τοῦ -- article; genitive singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
ἀνθρώπου -- noun, masculine; genitive singular of <ἄνθρωπος> human being -- of
man
ἵνα -- conjunction; <ἵνα> so that -- that
πολλὰ -- adjective used as substantive; accusative plural neuter of <πολύς> many --
many things
πάθῃ -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist subjunctive of <πάσχω> suffer -- he must
suffer
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἐξουδενηθῇ -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist passive of <ἐξουδενέω> set at naught --
be set at naught
9:13 - ἀλλὰ λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι καὶ Ἠλίας ἐλήλυθεν, καὶ ἐποίησαν αὐτῷ ὅσα ἤθελον,
καθὼς γέγραπται ἐπ' αὐτόν.
ἀλλὰ -- conjunction; <ἀλλά> but -- but
λέγω -- verb; 1st person singular present of <λέγω> say -- I say
ὑμῖν -- pronoun; dative plural masculine of <σύ> you -- to you
ὅτι -- conjunction; <ὅτι> because, that -- that
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
Ἠλίας -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <Ἠλίας> Elias -- Elias
ἐλήλυθεν -- deponent verb; 3rd person singular pluperfect of <ἔρχομαι> come, go --
has come
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἐποίησαν -- verb; 3rd person plural aorist of <ποιέω> make, do -- they have done
αὐτῷ -- pronoun; dative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- to him
ὅσα -- conjunction; accusative plural neuter of <ὅσος> (as many) as -- as
ἤθελον -- verb; 3rd person plural imperfect of <ἐθέλω> wish, want -- they wished
καθὼς -- conjunction; <καθώς> as -- as
γέγραπται -- verb; 3rd person singular perfect passive of <γράφω> write -- is written
ἐπ' -- preposition; <ἐπί> on, about -- about
αὐτόν -- pronoun; accusative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- him
John 5:39 (memory verse) - Ἐρευνᾶτε τὰς γραφάς, ὅτι ὑμεῖς δοκεῖτε ἐν αὐταῖς ζωὴν
αἰώνιον ἔχειν; καὶ ἐκεῖναί εἰσιν αἱ μαρτυροῦσαι περὶ ἐμοῦ.
ἐρευνᾶτε -- verb; 2nd person plural imperative of <ἐρευνάω> search -- search
τὰς -- article; accusative plural feminine of <ὁ> the -- the
γραφάς -- noun, feminine; accusative plural of <γραφή> writing, scripture --
scriptures
ὅτι -- conjunction; <ὅτι> because, that -- because
ὑμεῖς -- pronoun; nominative plural masculine of <σύ> you -- you
δοκεῖτε -- verb; 2nd person plural present of <δοκέω> seem, think -- think
ἐν -- preposition; <ἐν> in -- in
αὐταῖς -- pronoun; dative plural feminine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- them
ζωὴν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <ζωή> life -- life
αἰώνιον -- adjective; accusative singular feminine of <αἰώνιος> eternal -- eternal
ἔχειν -- verb; infinitive of <ἔχω> have -- have
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἐκεῖναί -- demonstrative pronoun; nominative plural feminine of <ἐκεῖνος> that --
they
εἰσιν -- verb; 3rd person plural present of <εἰμί> I am -- are
αἱ -- article; nominative plural feminine of <ὁ> the -- the (those who)
μαρτυροῦσαι -- verb; nominative plural feminine of aorist participle of <μαρτυρέω>
bear witness -- testify
περὶ -- preposition; <περί> around -- concerning
ἐμοῦ -- pronoun; genitive singular masculine of <ἐγώ> I -- me
Lesson Text
9:2 - Καὶ μετὰ ἡμέρας ἓξ παραλαμβάνει ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὸν Πέτρον καὶ τὸν Ἰάκωβον καὶ
Ἰωάννην, καὶ ἀναφέρει αὐτοὺς εἰς ὄρος ὑψηλὸν κατ' ἰδίαν μόνους. 9:3 - καὶ
μετεμορφώθη ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν, καὶ τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο στίλβοντα λευκὰ
͂ γναφεὺς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς οὐ δύναται οὕτως λευκᾶναι. 9:4 - καὶ ὤφθη αὐτοῖς
λίαν, οἱα
Ἠλίας σὺν Μωυσεῖ, καὶ ἠσ ͂ αν συλλαλοῦντες τῷ Ἰησοῦ. 9:5 - καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ Πέτρος
λέγει τῷ Ἰησοῦ; ῥαββὶ, καλόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ὡδ͂ ε εἰν͂ αι, καὶ ποιήσωμεν τρεῖς σκηνάς, σοὶ
μίαν καὶ Μωυσεῖ μίαν καὶ Ἠλίᾳ μίαν. 9:6 - οὐ γὰρ ᾐδ͂ ει τί ἀποκριθῇ; ἔκφοβοι γὰρ
ἐγένοντο. 9:7 - καὶ ἐγένετο νεφέλη ἐπισκιάζουσα αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐγένετο φωνὴ ἐκ τῆς
νεφέλης· οὑτ͂ ός ἐστιν ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός. ἀκούετε αὐτοῦ. 9:8 - καὶ ἐξάπινα
περιβλεψάμενοι οὐκέτι οὐδένα εἰδ͂ ον εἰ μὴ τὸν Ἰησοῦν μόνον μεθ' ἑαυτῶν. 9:9 - Καὶ
καταβαινόντων αὐτῶν ἐκ τοῦ ὄρους διεστείλατο αὐτοῖς ἵνα μηδενὶ ἅ εἰδ͂ ον
διηγήσωνται, εἰ μὴ ὅταν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστῇ. 9:10 - καὶ τὸν
λόγον ἐκράτησαν πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς συζητοῦντες τὶ ἐστιν τὸ ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστῆναι. 9:11
- Καὶ ἐπηρώτων αὐτὸν λέγοντες ὅτι λέγουσιν οἱ γραμματεῖς ὅτι Ἠλίαν δεῖ ἐλθεῖν
πρῶτον; 9:12 - ὁ δὲ ἔφη αὐτοῖς· Ἠλίας μὲν ἐλθὼν πρῶτον ἀποκαθιστάνει πάντα. καὶ
πῶς γέγραπται ἐπὶ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, ἵνα πολλὰ πάθῃ καὶ ἐξουδενηθῇ; 9:13 -
ἀλλὰ λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι καὶ Ἠλίας ἐλήλυθεν, καὶ ἐποίησαν αὐτῷ ὅσα ἤθελον, καθὼς
γέγραπται ἐπ' αὐτόν. John 5:39 (memory verse) - Ἐρευνᾶτε τὰς γραφάς, ὅτι ὑμεῖς
δοκεῖτε ἐν αὐταῖς ζωὴν αἰώνιον ἔχειν; καὶ ἐκεῖναί εἰσιν αἱ μαρτυροῦσαι περὶ ἐμοῦ.
Translation
From the King James version:
9:2 And after six days Jesus taketh with him Peter, and James, and John, and leadeth
them up into an high mountain apart by themselves: and he was transfigured before
them. 3 And his raiment became shining, exceeding white as snow; so as no fuller on
earth can white them. 4 And there appeared unto them Elias with Moses: and they
were talking with Jesus. 5 And Peter answered and said to Jesus, Master, it is good
for us to be here: and let us make three tabernacles; one for thee, and one for
Moses, and one for Elias. 6 For he wist not what to say; for they were sore afraid.
7 And there was a cloud that overshadowed them: and a voice came out of the cloud,
saying, This is my beloved Son: hear him. 8 And suddenly, when they had looked
round about, they saw no man any more, save Jesus only with themselves.
9 And as they came down from the mountain, he charged them that they should tell
no man what things they had seen, till the Son of man were risen from the dead.
10 And they kept that saying with themselves, questioning one with another what the
and how it is written of the Son of man, that he must suffer many things, and be set at
nought. 13 But I say unto you, That Elias is indeed come, and they have done unto
him whatsoever they listed, as it is written of him.
John 5:39 (memory verse) --
Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they
which testify of me.
Grammar
31 Inflection of adjectives and participles.
Section 12 provided the inflection of the most common adjectives, Here that of
adjectives with consonantal stems is given for the adjective ἄκων 'unwilling'; it applies
also to present participles.
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nom. sg. ἄκων ἄκουσα ἄκον
Gen. sg. ἄκοντος ἀκούσης ἀκοντος
Dat. sg. ἄκοντι ἀκούσῃ ἄκοντι
Acc. sg. ἄκοντα ἄκουσαν ἄκον
͂ αν τὸν κύριον ἐκ τοῦ μνημείου, καὶ οὐκ οἴδαμεν ποῦ ἔθηκαν αὐτόν.
ἡρ
ἡρ͂ αν -- verb; 3rd person plural aorist of <αἱρέω> take away -- they have taken
τὸν -- article; accusative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
κύριον -- noun, masculine; accusative singular of <κύριος> lord -- Lord
ἐκ -- preposition; <ἐκ> from, out of -- out of
τοῦ -- article; genitive singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
μνημείου -- noun, neuter; genitive singular of <μνημεῖον> tomb -- tomb
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
οὐκ -- particle; <οὐκ> not -- not
οἴδαμεν -- verb; 1st person plural perfect of <οἰδ͂ α> know -- we do ... know
ποῦ -- adverb; <ποῦ> where -- where
ἔθηκαν -- verb; 3rd person plural aorist of <τίθημι> put, place -- placed
αὐτόν -- pronoun; accusative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- him
20:3 - Ἐξῆλθεν οὐν͂ ὁ Πέτρος καὶ ὁ ἄλλος μαθητής, καὶ ἤρχοντο εἰς τὸ μνημεῖον.
ἐξῆλθεν -- deponent verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <ἐξέρχομαι> come out --
went out
οὐν͂ -- particle; <οὐν͂ > indeed -- now
ὁ -- article; nominative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
Πέτρος -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <Πέτρος> Peter -- Peter
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ὁ -- article; nominative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
ἄλλος -- adjective; nominative singular masculine of <ἄλλος> other -- other
μαθητής -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <μαθητής> disciple -- disciple
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἤρχοντο -- verb; 3rd person plural imperfect middle of <ἔρχομαι> come, go -- came
εἰς -- preposition; <εἰς> towards -- to
τὸ -- article; accusative singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
μνημεῖον -- noun, neuter; accusative singular of <μνημεῖον> tomb -- tomb
20:5 - καὶ παρακύψας βλέπει κείμενα τὰ ὀθόνια, οὐ μέντοι εἰσῆλθεν.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
παρακύψας -- verb; nominative singular masculine of aorist participle of
<παρακύπτω> bend down -- bending down
βλέπει -- verb; 3rd person singular present of <βλέπω> see -- he sees
κείμενα -- verb; accusative plural neuter of perfect middle participle of <κεῖμαι> lie --
lying
τὰ -- article; accusative plural neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
ὀθόνια -- noun, neuter; accusative plural of <ὀθόνιον> linen cloth -- linen clothes
οὐ -- particle; <οὐ> not -- not
μέντοι -- particle; <μέντοι> but, however -- but
εἰσῆλθεν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <εἰσέρχομαι> enter -- does...enter
20:6 - ἔρχεται οὐν͂ καὶ Σίμων Πέτρος ἀκολουθῶν αὐτῷ, καὶ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸ
μνημεῖον, καὶ θεωρεῖ τὰ ὀθόνια κείμενα ,
ἔρχεται -- deponent verb; 3rd person singular present middle of <ἔρχομαι> come, go -
- comes
οὐν͂ -- particle; <οὐν͂ > indeed -- now
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- also
Σίμων -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <Σίμων> Simon -- Simon
Πέτρος -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <Πέτρος> Peter -- Peter
ἀκολουθῶν -- verb; nominative singular masculine of participle of <ἀκολουθέω>
follow -- following
αὐτῷ -- pronoun; dative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- him
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
εἰσῆλθεν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <εἰσέρχομαι> enter -- entered
εἰς -- preposition; <εἰς> towards -- into
τὸ -- article; accusative singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
μνημεῖον -- noun, neuter; accusative singular of <μνημεῖον> tomb -- tomb
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
θεωρεῖ -- verb; 3rd person singular present of <θεωρέω> see -- sees
τὰ -- article; accusative plural neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
ὀθόνια -- noun, neuter; accusative plural of <ὀθόνιον> linen cloth -- linen clothes
κείμενα -- verb; accusative plural neuter of perfect middle participle of <κεῖμαι> lie --
lying
20:7 - καὶ τὸ σουδάριον, ὃ ἠν͂ ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ, οὐ μετὰ τῶν ὀθονίων κείμενον
ἀλλὰ χωρὶς ἐντετυλιγμένον εἰς ἕνα τόπον.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
τὸ -- article; accusative singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
σουδάριον -- noun, neuter; accusative singular of <σουδάριον> napkin -- napkin
ὃ -- relative pronoun; nominative singular neuter of <ὅς> who, which -- that
ἠν͂ -- verb; 3rd person singular imperfect of <εἰμί> I am -- was
ἐπὶ -- preposition; <ἐπί> on, about -- on
τῆς -- article; genitive singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
κεφαλῆς -- noun, feminine; genitive singular of <κεφαλή> head -- head
αὐτοῦ -- pronoun; genitive singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- his
οὐ -- particle; <οὐ> not -- not
μετὰ -- preposition; <μετά> after, with -- with
τῶν -- article; genitive plural neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
ὀθονίων -- noun, neuter; genitive plural of <ὀθόνιον> linen cloth -- linen clothing
κείμενον -- verb; accusative singular neuter of present participle middle of <κεῖμαι>
lie -- lying
ἀλλὰ -- conjunction; <ἀλλά> but -- but
χωρὶς -- adverb; <χωρίς> apart -- apart
ἐντετυλιγμένον -- verb; accusative singular neuter of perfect passive participle of
<ἐντυλίσσω> wrap up -- wrapped up
εἰς -- preposition; <εἰς> towards -- at
ἕνα -- number; accusative singular masculine of <εἱς͂ > one -- one
τόπον -- noun, masculine; accusative singular of <τόπος> place -- place
20:8 - τότε οὐν͂ εἰσῆλθεν καὶ ὁ ἄλλος μαθητὴς ὁ ἐλθὼν πρῶτος εἰς τὸ μνημεῖον, καὶ
εἰδ͂ εν καὶ ἐπίστευσεν.
τότε -- adverb; <τότε> then -- then
οὐν͂ -- particle; <οὐν͂ > indeed -- ...
εἰσῆλθεν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <εἰσέρχομαι> enter -- he entered
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ὁ -- article; nominative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
ἄλλος -- adjective; nominative singular masculine of <ἄλλος> other -- other
μαθητὴς -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <μαθητής> disciple -- disciple
ὁ -- article; nominative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
ἐλθὼν -- deponent verb; nominative singular masculine of aorist participle of
<ἔρχομαι> come, go -- (one) having come
πρῶτος -- adjective; nominative singular masculine of <πρῶτος> first -- first
εἰς -- preposition; <εἰς> towards -- to
τὸ -- article; accusative singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
μνημεῖον -- noun, neuter; accusative singular of <μνημεῖον> tomb -- tomb
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
εἰδ͂ εν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <ὁράω> see -- he saw
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἐπίστευσεν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <πιστεύω> believe -- believed
20:9 - οὐδέπω γὰρ ᾔδεισαν τὴν γραφὴν ὅτι δεῖ αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστῆναι.
οὐδέπω -- adverb; <οὐδέπω> not yet -- not yet
γὰρ -- conjunction; <γάρ> for -- for
ᾔδεισαν -- verb; 3rd person singular pluperfect of <οἰδ͂ α> know -- they did . . .know
τὴν -- article; accusative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- the
γραφὴν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <γραφή> writing, scripture --
scripture
ὅτι -- conjunction; <ὅτι> because, that -- that
δεῖ -- verb; 3rd person singular present of <δεῖ> it is necessary -- it was necessary
αὐτὸν -- pronoun; accusative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- (for) him
ἐκ -- preposition; <ἐκ> from, out of -- from
νεκρῶν -- noun, masculine; genitive plural of <νεκρός> dead -- the dead
ἀναστῆναι -- verb; infinitive aorist of <ἀνίστημι> rise -- to rise
Romans 3:28 (memory verse) - Λογιζόμεθα γὰρ δικαιοῦσθαι πίστει ἄνθρωπος χωρὶς
ἔργων νόμου.
λογιζόμεθα -- verb; 1st person plural present middle of <λογίζομαι> calculate, think --
we conclude
γὰρ -- conjunction; <γάρ> for -- for
δικαιοῦσθαι -- verb; passive infinitive of <δικαιόω> justify -- (is) justified
πίστει -- noun, feminine; dative singular of <πίστις> faith -- by faith
ἄνθρωπος -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <ἄνθρωπος> human being -- a
human being
χωρὶς -- preposition; <χωρίς> apart -- without
ἔργων -- noun, neuter; genitive plural of <ἔργον> work, deed -- works
νόμου -- noun, masculine; genitive singular of <νόμος> law -- of the law
Lesson Text
20:1 - Τῇ δὲ μιᾷ τῶν σαββάτων Μαρία ἡ Μαγδαληνὴ ἔρχεται πρωὶ σκοτίας ἔτι οὔσης
εἰς τὸ μνημεῖον, καὶ βλέπει τὸν λίθον ἡρμένον ἐκ τοῦ μνημείου, 20:2 - τρέχει οὐν͂ καὶ
ἔρχεται πρὸς Σίμωνα Πέτρον καὶ πρὸς τὸν ἄλλον μαθητὴν ὅν ἐφίλει ὁ Ἰησοῦς, καὶ
λέγει αὐτοῖς. ἡρ ͂ αν τὸν κύριον ἐκ τοῦ μνημείου, καὶ οὐκ οἴδαμεν ποῦ ἔθηκαν αὐτόν.
20:3 - Ἐξῆλθεν οὐν͂ ὁ Πέτρος καὶ ὁ ἄλλος μαθητής, καὶ ἤρχοντο εἰς τὸ μνημεῖον. 20:4
- ἔτρεχον δὲ οἱ δύο ὁμοῦ. καὶ ὁ ἄλλος μαθητὴς προέδραμεν τάχιον τοῦ Πέτρου, καὶ
ἠλ ͂ θεν πρῶτος εἰς τὸ μνημεῖον, 20:5 - καὶ παρακύψας βλέπει κείμενα τὰ ὀθόνια, οὐ
μέντοι εἰσῆλθεν. 20:6 - ἔρχεται οὐν͂ καὶ Σίμων Πέτρος ἀκολουθῶν αὐτῷ, καὶ
εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸ μνημεῖον, καὶ θεωρεῖ τὰ ὀθόνια κείμενα , 20:7 - καὶ τὸ σουδάριον, ὃ
ἠν͂ ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ, οὐ μετὰ τῶν ὀθονίων κείμενον ἀλλὰ χωρὶς
ἐντετυλιγμένον εἰς ἕνα τόπον. 20:8 - τότε οὐν͂ εἰσῆλθεν καὶ ὁ ἄλλος μαθητὴς ὁ
ἐλθὼν πρῶτος εἰς τὸ μνημεῖον, καὶ εἰδ͂ εν καὶ ἐπίστευσεν. 20:9 - οὐδέπω γὰρ ᾔδεισαν
τὴν γραφὴν ὅτι δεῖ αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστῆναι. 20:10 - ἀπῆλθον οὐν͂ πάλιν πρὸς
αὐτοὺς οἱ μαθηταί. Romans 3:28 (memory verse) - Λογιζόμεθα γὰρ δικαιοῦσθαι πίστει
ἄνθρωπος χωρὶς ἔργων νόμου.
Translation
From the King James version:
20:1 The first day of the week cometh Mary Magdalene early, when it was yet dark,
unto the sepulchre, and seeth the stone taken away from the sepulchre. 2 Then she
runneth, and cometh to Simon Peter, and to the other disciple, whom Jesus loved,
and saith unto them, They have taken away the LORD out of the sepulchre, and we
know not where they have laid him.
3 Peter therefore went forth, and that other disciple, and came to the sepulchre. 4 So
they ran both together: and the other disciple did outrun Peter, and came first to the
sepulchre. 5 And he stooping down, and looking in, saw the linen clothes lying; yet
went he not in. 6 Then cometh Simon Peter following him, and went into the
sepulchre, and seeth the linen clothes lie, 7 And the napkin, that was about his head,
not lying with the linen clothes, but wrapped together in a place by itself. 8 Then went
in also that other disciple, which came first to the sepulchre, and he saw, and
believed. 9 For as yet they knew not the scripture, that he must rise again from the
dead. 10 Then the disciples went away again unto their own home.
Romans 3:28 (memory verse) --
Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith without the deeds of the law.
Grammar
36 Tense formation.
To identify verbal forms, it is useful to note the principal parts. Illustrations are provided
here, first with the so-called pure verbs, that is, those for which the stems are not
modified by the endings. Examples are: πιστεύω 'believe', τιμάω 'honor', ποιέω 'make'.
Present πιστεύω τιμάω ποιέω
Future πιστεύσω τιμήσω ποιήσω
Aorist active ἐπίστευσα ἐτίμησα ἐποιήσα
Perfect active πεπίστευκα τετίμηκα πεποίηκα
Perfect middle πεπίστευμαι τετίμημαι πεποίημαι
Aorist passive ἐπιστεύθην ἐτιμήθην ἐποιήθην
37 Tense formation of obstruent stems.
In stems ending in obstruent consonants, that is, those ending in stops or fricatives, the
consonant of the stem is modified before the tense markers. Examples are given here for
πείθω 'persuade', πράττω 'do', ἄγω 'lead', and γράφω 'write'.
Present πείθω πράττω ἄγω γράφω
Future πείσω πράξω ἄξω γράψα
Aorist active ἔπεισα ἔπραξα ἤγαγον ἔγραψα
Perfect active πέπεικα πέπραχα ἠχ ͂ α γέγραφα
Perfect middle πέπεισμαι πέπραγμαι ἤγμαι γέγραμμαι
Aorist passive ἐπείσθην ἐπράχθην ἤχθην ἐγράφθην
38 Tense formation of resonant stems.
Stems ending in resonants may fail to have the future/aorist marker. Examples are
φαίνω 'appear', ἀγγέλλω 'announce', and σπείρω 'sow'.
Present φαίνω ἀγγέλλω σπείρω
Future φανῶ ἀγγελῶ σπερῶ
Aorist active ἔφηνα ἤγγειλα ἔσπειρα
Perfect active πέφαγκα ἤγγελκα ἔσπαρκα
Perfect middle πέφασμαι ἤγγελμαι ἔσπαρμαι
Aorist passive ἐφάνθην ἠγγέλθην ἔσπάρθην
39 The tense formations of some frequent but irregular verbs.
Some verb forms are quite irregular. Some forms of ἔχω 'have' are based on its ancient
root *σεχ-. The forms of φέρω 'bear' are based on several roots. The forms of λέγω,
φημί, ἀγορεύω 'say, speak' are also based on various roots.
Present ἔχω φέρω λέγω (etc.)
Future ἕξω οἴσω έρῶ
Aorist active ἔσχον ἤνεγκον εἰπ ͂ ον
Perfect active ἔσχηκα ἐνήνοχα εἴρηκα
Perfect middle ἔσχημαι ἐνήνεγμαι εἴρημαι
Aorist passive ἔσχομην ἠνέχθην ἐρρήθην
40 The Middle and Passive Perfect.
The forms are the same in the two voices. The subjunctive and optative have forms of
the verb 'to be' after the participle (not repeated in the optative, below). They are as
follows:
Indicative Preterite Subjunctive Opt.
1s πεπίστευμαι ἐπεπιστεύμην πεπιστευμένος ω ᾿̃ εἴην
2s πεπίστευσαι έπεπίστευσο --- ἠς͂ εἴης
3s πεπίστευται ἐπεπίστευτο --- ἠ ͂ εἴη
͂ εν εἴημεν
1p πεπιστεύμεθα ἐπεπιστεύμεθα πεπιστευμένοι ὠμ
2p πεπίστευσθε ἐπεπιστεύσθε --- ἠτ͂ ε εἴτηε
3p πεπίστευνται ἐπεπίστευντο --- ὠσ͂ ι εἴησιν
2:2 - καὶ ἐγένετο ἄφνω ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἠχ͂ ος ὥσπερ φερομένης πνοῆς βιαίας καὶ
ἐπλήρωσεν ὅλον τὸν οἰκ͂ ον οὑ ͂ ἠσ
͂ αν καθήμενοι.
2:4 - καὶ ἐπλήσθησαν πάντες πνεύματος ἁγίου, καὶ ἤρξαντο λαλεῖν ἑτέραις
γλώσσαις καθὼς τὸ πνεῦμα ἐδίδου ἀποφθέγγεσθαι αὐτοῖς.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἐπλήσθησαν -- verb; 3rd person plural aorist passive of <πίμπλημι> fill -- they were
filled
πάντες -- adjective used as substantive; nominative plural masculine of <πᾶς> all,
every -- all
πνεύματος -- noun, neuter; genitive singular of <πνεῦμα> spirit -- Ghost
ἁγίου -- adjective; genitive singular neuter of <ἅγιος> holy -- (with the) Holy
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἤρξαντο -- verb; 3rd person plural aorist passive of <ἄρχομαι> begin -- they began to
λαλεῖν -- verb; infinitive of <λαλέω> speak -- speak
ἑτέραις -- adjective; dative plural feminine of <ἕτερος> other -- in other
γλώσσαις -- noun, feminine; dative plural of <γλῶσσα> tongue, language -- languages
καθὼς -- conjunction; <καθώς> as -- as
τὸ -- article; nominative singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
πνεῦμα -- noun, neuter; nominative singular of <πνεῦμα> spirit -- Spirit
ἐδίδου -- verb; 3rd person singular imperfect of <δίδωμι> give -- gave
ἀποφθέγγεσθαι -- verb; infinitive of <ἀποφθέγγομαι> speak -- to speak
αὐτοῖς -- pronoun; dative plural masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- them
͂ αν δὲ εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ κατοικούντες Ἰουδαῖοι ἄνδρες εὐλαβεῖς ἀπὸ παντὸς
2:5 - Ἠσ
ἔθνους τῶν ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανόν.
ἠσ͂ αν -- verb; 3rd person plural imperfect of <εἰμί> I am -- there were
δὲ -- particle; <δέ> and, on the other hand -- now
εἰς -- preposition; <εἰς> towards -- in
Ἰερουσαλὴμ -- noun, neuter; dative singular of <Ἰερουσαλήμ> Jerusalem -- Jerusalem
κατοικούντες -- verb; nominative plural masculine of present participle of
<κατοικέω> dwell -- dwelling
Ἰουδαῖοι -- adjective; nominative plural masculine of <Ἰουδαῖος> Jewish -- Jewish
ἄνδρες -- noun, masculine; nominative plural of <ἀνήρ> man -- men
εὐλαβεῖς -- adjective; nominative plural masculine of <εὐλαβής> devout -- devout
ἀπὸ -- preposition; <ἀπό> from -- from
παντὸς -- adjective; genitive singular neuter of <πᾶς> all, every -- every
ἔθνους -- noun, neuter; genitive singular of <ἔθνος> nation, people, tribe -- nation
τῶν -- article; genitive plural neuter of <ὁ> the -- of those
ὑπὸ -- preposition; <ὑπό> under, by -- under
τὸν -- article; accusative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
οὐρανόν -- noun, masculine; accusative singular of <οὐρανός> heaven -- heaven
2:6 - γενομένης δὲ τῆς φωνῆς ταύτης συνῆλθεν τὸ πλῆθος καὶ συνεχύθη, ὅτι ἤκουον
εἱς͂ ἕκαστος τῇ ἰδίᾳ διαλέκτῳ λαλούντων αὐτῶν.
γενομένης -- deponent verb; genitive singular feminine of participle middle of
<γίγνομαι> happen, become -- got around
δὲ -- particle; <δέ> and, on the other hand -- now
τῆς -- article; genitive singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
φωνῆς -- noun, feminine; genitive singular of <φωνή> voice, sound -- word
ταύτης -- demonstrative pronoun; genitive singular feminine of <οὑτ͂ ος> this --
(when) this
συνῆλθεν -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist of <συνέρχομαι> unite, come together --
came together
τὸ -- article; nominative singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
πλῆθος -- noun, neuter; nominative singular of <πλῆθος> multitude -- multitude
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
συνεχύθη -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist passive of <συγχύω> confuse -- were
confused
ὅτι -- conjunction; <ὅτι> because, that -- because
ἤκουον -- verb; 3rd person plural imperfect of <ἀκούω> hear, listen -- they heard
εἱς͂ -- number; nominative singular masculine of <εἱς͂ > one -- one
ἕκαστος -- indefinite pronoun; nominative singular masculine of <ἕκαστος> each,
every -- each
τῇ -- article; dative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
ἰδίᾳ -- adjective; dative singular feminine of <ἴδιος> own -- (in his) own
διαλέκτῳ -- noun, feminine; dative singular of <διάλεκτος> language -- language
λαλούντων -- verb; genitive plural masculine of present participle of <λαλέω> speak -
- speaking
αὐτῶν -- pronoun; genitive plural masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- them
2:7 - ἐξίσταντο δὲ καὶ ἐθαύμαζον λέγοντες, οὐχὶ ἰδοὺ πάντες οὑτ͂ οί εἰσιν οἱ
λαλοῦντες Γαλιλαῖοι;
ἐξίσταντο -- verb; 3rd person plural imperfect passive of <ἐξίστημι> be amazed --
they were amazed
δὲ -- particle; <δέ> and, on the other hand -- and
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἐθαύμαζον -- verb; 3rd person plural imperfect of <θαυμάζω> wonder -- wondered
λέγοντες -- verb; nominative plural masculine of present participle of <λέγω> say --
saying
οὐχὶ -- particle; <οὐχί> not -- not
ἰδοὺ -- adverb; <ἰδού> behold -- behold
πάντες -- adjective; nominative plural masculine of <πᾶς> all, every -- all
οὑτ͂ οί -- demonstrative pronoun; nominative plural masculine of <οὑτ͂ ος> this -- these
εἰσιν -- verb; 3rd person plural present of <εἰμί> I am -- are
οἱ -- article; nominative plural masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
λαλοῦντες -- verb; 3rd person plural masculine of present participle of <λαλέω>
speak -- speakers
Γαλιλαῖοι -- noun, masculine; nominative plural of <Γαλιλαῖος> Galilean -- Galileans
2:8 - Καὶ πῶς ἡμεῖς ἀκούομεν ἕκαστος τῇ ἰδίᾳ διαλέκτῳ ἡμῶν ἐν ᾑ ͂ ἐγεννήθημεν;
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
πῶς -- interrogative particle; <πῶς> how -- how
ἡμεῖς -- pronoun; nominative plural masculine of <ἐγώ> I -- we
ἀκούομεν -- verb; 1st person plural present of <ἀκούω> hear, listen -- do we hear
(them speaking)
ἕκαστος -- indefinite pronoun; nominative singular masculine of <ἕκαστος> each,
every -- each (of us)
τῇ -- article; dative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
ἰδίᾳ -- adjective; dative singular feminine of <ἴδιος> own -- own
διαλέκτῳ -- noun, feminine; dative singular of <διάλεκτος> language -- language
ἡμῶν -- pronoun; genitive plural masculine of <ἐγώ> I -- our
ἐν -- preposition; <ἐν> in -- in
ᾑ ͂ -- relative pronoun; dative singular feminine of <ὅς> who, which -- which
ἐγεννήθημεν -- deponent verb; 1st person plural aorist passive of <γίγνομαι> happen,
become -- were born
2:9 - Πάρθοι καὶ Μῆδοι καὶ Ἐλαμῖται, καὶ οἱ καταοικοῦντες τήν Μεσοποταμίαν,
Ἰουδαίαν τε καὶ Καππαδοκίαν, Πόντον καὶ τὴν Ἀσίαν,
Πάρθοι -- noun, masculine; nominative plural of <Πάρθος> Parthian -- Parthians
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
Μῆδοι -- noun, masculine; nominative plural of <Μῆδος> Mede -- Medes
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
Ἐλαμῖται -- noun, masculine; nominative plural of <Ἐλαμῖται> Elamites -- Elamites
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
οἱ -- article; nominative plural masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
καταοικοῦντες -- verb; nominative plural masculine of participle of <κατοικέω> dwell
-- dwellers
τήν -- article; accusative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
Μεσοποταμίαν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <Μεσοποταμία>
Mesopotamia -- Mesopotamia
Ἰουδαίαν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <Ἰουδαία> Judea -- Judea
τε -- conjunction; <τε> and -- ...
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
Καππαδοκίαν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <Καππαδοκία> Cappadocia --
Cappadocia
Πόντον -- noun, masculine; accusative singular of <Πόντος> Pontos -- Pontos
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
τὴν -- article; accusative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
Ἀσίαν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <Ἀσία> Asia -- Asia
2:10 - Φρυγίαν τε καὶ Παμφυλίαν, Αἴγυπτον καὶ τὰ μέρη τῆς Λιβύης τῆς κατὰ
Κυρήνην, καὶ οἱ ἐπιδημοῦντες Ῥωμαῖοι, Ἰουδαῖοί τε καὶ προσήλυτοι,
Φρυγίαν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <Φρύγια> Phrygia -- Phrygia
τε -- conjunction; <τε> and -- ...
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
Παμφυλίαν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <Παμφύλια> Pamphylia --
Pamphylia
Αἴγυπτον -- noun, masculine; accusative singular of <Αἴγυπτος> Egypt -- Egypt
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
τὰ -- article; accusative plural neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
μέρη -- noun, neuter; accusative plural of <μέρος> part -- parts
τῆς -- article; genitive singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- the
Λιβύης -- noun, feminine; genitive singular of <Λιβύη> Libya -- Libya
τῆς -- article; genitive singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
κατὰ -- preposition; <κατά> completely, down, under -- about
Κυρήνην -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <Κυρήνη> Cyrene -- Cyrene
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
οἱ -- article; nominative plural masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
ἐπιδημοῦντες -- verb; nominative plural masculine of participle of <ἐπιδημέω> come
home from foreign parts -- returnees
Ῥωμαῖοι -- noun, masculine; nominative plural of <Ῥωμαῖος> Roman -- Roman
Ἰουδαῖοί -- noun, masculine; nominative plural of <Ἰουδαῖος> Jew -- Jews
τε -- conjunction; <τε> and -- ...
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
προσήλυτοι -- noun, masculine; nominative plural of <προσήλυτος> convert --
converts
2:11 - Κρῆτες καὶ Ἄραβες, ἀκούομεν λαλούντων αὐτῶν ταῖς ἡμετέραις γλώσσαις τὰ
μεγαλεῖα τοῦ θεοῦ.
Κρῆτες -- noun, masculine; nominative plural of <Κρής> Cretan -- Cretans
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
Ἄραβες -- noun, masculine; nominative plural of <Ἄραβες> Arab -- Arabs
ἀκούομεν -- verb; 1st person plural present of <ἀκούω> hear, listen -- we hear
λαλούντων -- verb; genitive plural masculine of present participle of <λαλέω> speak -
- speaking
αὐτῶν -- pronoun; genitive plural masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- them
ταῖς -- article; dative plural feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
ἡμετέραις -- adjective; dative plural feminine of <ἡμέτερος> our -- (in) our
γλώσσαις -- noun, feminine; dative plural of <γλῶσσα> tongue, language -- languages
τὰ -- article; accusative plural neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
μεγαλεῖα -- adjective used as substantive; accusative plural neuter of <μεγαλεῖα>
mighty works -- mighty works
τοῦ -- article; genitive singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
θεοῦ -- noun, masculine; genitive singular of <θεός> god -- of God
2:12 - ἐξίσταντο δὲ πάντες καὶ διηποροῦντο, ἄλλος πρὸς ἄλλον λέγοντες, τί θέλει
τοῦτο εἰν͂ αι;
ἐξίσταντο -- verb; 3rd person plural imperfect passive of <ἐξίστημι> be amazed --
were amazed
δὲ -- particle; <δέ> and, on the other hand -- and
πάντες -- adjective; nominative plural masculine of <πᾶς> all, every -- all
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
διηποροῦντο -- verb; 3rd person plural imperfect middle of <διαπουρέω> to be quite at
a loss -- were at a loss
ἄλλος -- adjective; nominative singular masculine of <ἄλλος> other -- one
πρὸς -- preposition; <πρός> to -- to
ἄλλον -- adjective; accusative singular masculine of <ἄλλος> other -- the other
λέγοντες -- verb; nominative plural masculine of present participle of <λέγω> say --
saying
τί -- interrogative pronoun; accusative singular neuter of <τίς> who, what -- what
θέλει -- verb; 3rd person singular present of <θέλω> mean, purport -- does . . .mean
τοῦτο -- demonstrative pronoun; nominative singular neuter of <οὑτ͂ ος> this -- this
εἰν͂ αι -- verb; infinitive of <εἰμί> I am -- ...
Mark 3:35 (memory verse) - Ὃς ἄν ποιήσῃ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ, οὑτ͂ ος ἀδελφός μου καὶ
ἀδελφὴ καὶ μῆτηρ ἐστίν.
ὃς -- relative pronoun; nominative singular masculine of <ὅς> who, which -- whoever
ἄν -- particle; <ἄν> if -- ...
ποιήσῃ -- verb; 3rd person singular optative aorist of <ποιέω> make, do -- shall do
τὸ -- article; accusative singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
θέλημα -- noun, neuter; accusative singular of <θέλημα> will -- will
τοῦ -- article; genitive singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- ...
θεοῦ -- noun, masculine; genitive singular of <θεός> god -- of God
οὑτ͂ ος -- demonstrative pronoun; nominative singular masculine of <οὑτ͂ ος> this -- he
ἀδελφός -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <ἀδελφός> brother -- brother
μου -- pronoun; genitive singular masculine of <ἐγώ> I -- my
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἀδελφὴ -- noun, feminine; nominative singular of <ἀδελφή> sister -- sister
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
μῆτηρ -- noun, feminine; nominative singular of <μήτηρ> mother -- mother
ἐστίν -- verb; 3rd person singular present of <εἰμί> I am -- is
Lesson Text
2:1 - Καὶ ἐν τῷ συμπληροῦσθαι τὴν ἡμέραν τῆς πεντηκοστῆς ἠσ ͂ αν πάντες ὁμοῦ ἐπὶ
τὸ αὐτό. 2:2 - καὶ ἐγένετο ἄφνω ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἠχ ͂ ος ὥσπερ φερομένης πνοῆς
βιαίας καὶ ἐπλήρωσεν ὅλον τὸν οἰκ ͂ ον οὑ ͂ ἠσ
͂ αν καθήμενοι. 2:3 - καὶ ὤφθησαν αὐτοῖς
διαμεριζόμεναι γλῶσσαι ὡσεὶ πυρός, καὶ ἐκάθισεν ἐφ' ἕνα ἕκαστον αὐτῶν. 2:4 - καὶ
ἐπλήσθησαν πάντες πνεύματος ἁγίου, καὶ ἤρξαντο λαλεῖν ἑτέραις γλώσσαις
καθὼς τὸ πνεῦμα ἐδίδου ἀποφθέγγεσθαι αὐτοῖς. 2:5 - Ἠσ ͂ αν δὲ εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ
κατοικούντες Ἰουδαῖοι ἄνδρες εὐλαβεῖς ἀπὸ παντὸς ἔθνους τῶν ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανόν.
2:6 - γενομένης δὲ τῆς φωνῆς ταύτης συνῆλθεν τὸ πλῆθος καὶ συνεχύθη, ὅτι ἤκουον
εἱς͂ ἕκαστος τῇ ἰδίᾳ διαλέκτῳ λαλούντων αὐτῶν. 2:7 - ἐξίσταντο δὲ καὶ ἐθαύμαζον
λέγοντες, οὐχὶ ἰδοὺ πάντες οὑτ͂ οί εἰσιν οἱ λαλοῦντες Γαλιλαῖοι; 2:8 - Καὶ πῶς ἡμεῖς
ἀκούομεν ἕκαστος τῇ ἰδίᾳ διαλέκτῳ ἡμῶν ἐν ᾑ ͂ ἐγεννήθημεν; 2:9 - Πάρθοι καὶ Μῆδοι
καὶ Ἐλαμῖται, καὶ οἱ καταοικοῦντες τήν Μεσοποταμίαν, Ἰουδαίαν τε καὶ
Καππαδοκίαν, Πόντον καὶ τὴν Ἀσίαν, 2:10 - Φρυγίαν τε καὶ Παμφυλίαν, Αἴγυπτον
καὶ τὰ μέρη τῆς Λιβύης τῆς κατὰ Κυρήνην, καὶ οἱ ἐπιδημοῦντες Ῥωμαῖοι, Ἰουδαῖοί τε
καὶ προσήλυτοι, 2:11 - Κρῆτες καὶ Ἄραβες, ἀκούομεν λαλούντων αὐτῶν ταῖς
ἡμετέραις γλώσσαις τὰ μεγαλεῖα τοῦ θεοῦ. 2:12 - ἐξίσταντο δὲ πάντες καὶ
διηποροῦντο, ἄλλος πρὸς ἄλλον λέγοντες, τί θέλει τοῦτο εἰν͂ αι; 2:13 - ἕτεροι δὲ
διαχλευάζοντες ἔλεγον ὅτι γλεύκους μεμεστωμένοι εἰσίν. Mark 3:35 (memory verse) -
Ὃς ἄν ποιήσῃ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ, οὑτ͂ ος ἀδελφός μου καὶ ἀδελφὴ καὶ μῆτηρ ἐστίν.
Translation
From the King James version:
2:1 And when the day of Pentecost was fully come, they were all with one accord in
one place. 2 And suddenly there came a sound from heaven as of a rushing mighty
wind, and it filled all the house where they were sitting. 3 And there appeared unto
them cloven tongues like as of fire, and it sat upon each of them. 4 And they were all
filled with the Holy Ghost, and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave
them utterance.
5 And there were dwelling at Jerusalem Jews, devout men, out of every nation under
heaven. 6 Now when this was noised abroad, the multitude came together, and were
confounded, because that every man heard them speak in his own language. 7 And
they were all amazed and marvelled, saying one to another, Behold, are not all these
which speak Galilaeans? 8 And how hear we every man in our own tongue, wherein
we were born? 9 Parthians, and Medes, and Elamites, and the dwellers in
Mesopotamia, and in Judaea, and Cappadocia, in Pontus, and Asia, 10 Phrygia, and
Pamphylia, in Egypt, and in the parts of Libya about Cyrene, and strangers of Rome,
Jews and proselytes, 11 Cretes and Arabians, we do hear them speak in our tongues
the wonderful works of God. 12 And they were all amazed, and were in doubt, saying
one to another, What meaneth this?
13 Others mocking said, These men are full of new wine.
1 pl τίθεμεν ἐτίθεμεν
2 pl τίθετε ἐτίθετε
3 pl τιθέασι(ν) ἐτίθεσαν
1 pl τιθῶμεν τιθεῖμεν
2 pl τιθῆτε τιθεῖτε τίθετε
3 pl τιθῶσι(ν) τιθεῖεν τιθέντων
42 Forms of the aorist active.
Indicative Subjunctive Optative Imperative
1 sg ἔθηκα θῶ θείην
2 sg ἔθηκας θῇς θείης θές
3 sg ἔθηκε(ν) θῇ θείη θέτω
1 pl ἐσμέν ἠμ ͂ εν
2 pl ἐστέ ἠτ͂ ε
3 pl εἰσί(ν) ἠσ ͂ αν
1 pl ὠμ͂ εν εἴημεν
2 pl ἤτε εἴητε ἔστε
3 pl ὠσ ͂ ι(ν) εἴησαν ἔστων
44 Forms of οἰδ͂ α 'I know'.
οἰδ͂ α is a perfect with present meaning. It is based on a root meaning 'see', so that the
perfect has developed in meaning from 'I have seen' to 'I know'. The forms representing
present and past time are given here.
Present Past
1 sg οἰδ͂ α 'I know' ᾔδη 'I knew'
2 sg οἰσ ͂ θα 'thou knowest' ᾔδησθα 'thou knewest'
3 sg οἰδ͂ ε(ν) 'he/she knows' ᾔδει 'he/she knew'
13:2 - καὶ ἐὰν ἔχω προφητείαν καὶ εἰδῶ τὰ μυστήρια πάντα καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γνῶσιν,
κἂν ἔχω πᾶσαν τὴν πίστιν ὥστε ὄρη μεθιστάναι, ἀγάπην δὲ μὴ ἔχω, οὐθέν εἰμι.
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἐὰν -- conjunction; <ἐάν> if -- if
ἔχω -- verb; 1st person singular present of <ἔχω> have -- I have
προφητείαν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <προφητεία> prophecy -- (the
gift of) prophecy
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
εἰδῶ -- verb; 1st person singular present of <εἰδῶ> know -- I know
τὰ -- article; accusative plural neuter of <ὁ> the -- the
μυστήρια -- noun, neuter; accusative plural of <μυστήριον> mystery -- mysteries
πάντα -- adjective; accusative plural neuter of <πᾶς> all, every -- all
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
πᾶσαν -- adjective; accusative singular feminine of <πᾶς> all, every -- all
τὴν -- article; accusative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
γνῶσιν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <γνῶσις> knowledge -- knowledge
κἂν -- conjunction; <κἄν> and if -- and if
ἔχω -- verb; 1st person singular present of <ἔχω> have -- I have
πᾶσαν -- adjective; accusative singular feminine of <πᾶς> all, every -- all
τὴν -- article; accusative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
πίστιν -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <πίστις> faith -- faith
ὥστε -- conjunction; <ὥστε> like, so that -- so that
ὄρη -- noun, neuter; accusative plural of <ὄρος> mountain -- mountains
μεθιστάναι -- verb; infinitive of <μεθίστημι> move -- to move
ἀγάπην -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <ἀγάπη> love -- love
δὲ -- particle; <δέ> and, on the other hand -- but
μὴ -- particle; <μή> not -- not
ἔχω -- verb; 1st person singular present of <ἔχω> have -- do ...have
οὐθέν -- pronoun; nominative singular neuter of <οὐδείς, οὐδεμία, οὐδέν> no one,
nothing -- nothing
εἰμι -- verb; 1st person singular present of <εἰμί> I am -- I am
13:3 - κἂν ψωμίσω πάντα τὰ ὑπάρχοντά μου, καὶ ἐὰν παραδῶ τὸ σῶμά μου ἵνα
καυθήσομαι, ἀγάπην δὲ μὴ ἔχω, οὐδὲν ὠφελοῦμαι.
κἂν -- conjunction; <κἄν> and if -- and if
ψωμίσω -- verb; 1st person singular future of <ψωμίζω> feed with sops -- I will
feed...in driblets
πάντα -- adjective; accusative plural neuter of <πᾶς> all, every -- all
τὰ -- article; accusative plural neuter of <ὁ> the -- ...
ὑπάρχοντά -- participle used as substantive; accusative plural neuter of participle of
<ὑπάρχω> belong to -- belongings
μου -- pronoun; genitive singular masculine of <ἐγώ> I -- my
καὶ -- conjunction; <καί> and -- and
ἐὰν -- conjunction; <ἐάν> if -- if
παραδῶ -- verb; 1st person plural future of <παραδίδωμι> give to -- give
τὸ -- article; accusative singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- ...
σῶμά -- noun, neuter; accusative singular of <σῶμα> body -- body
μου -- pronoun; genitive singular masculine of <ἐγώ> I -- my
ἵνα -- conjunction; <ἵνα> so that -- so that
καυθήσομαι -- verb; 1st person singular future passive of <καίω> burn (up) -- I will be
burned up
ἀγάπην -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <ἀγάπη> love -- love
δὲ -- particle; <δέ> and, on the other hand -- but
μὴ -- particle; <μή> not -- not
ἔχω -- verb; 1st person singular present of <ἔχω> have -- I do ...have
οὐδὲν -- pronoun; accusative singular neuter of <οὐδείς, οὐδεμία, οὐδέν> no one,
nothing -- nothing
ὠφελοῦμαι -- verb; 1st person singular present passive of <ὠφελέω> to help, be of use
-- I am helped in (I profit)
13:6 - οὐ χαίρει ἐπὶ τῇ ἀδικίᾳ, συγχαίρει δὲ τῇ ἀληθείᾳ.
οὐ -- particle; <οὐ> not -- not
χαίρει -- verb; 3rd person singular present of <χαίρω> rejoice -- does ...rejoice
ἐπὶ -- preposition; <ἐπί> on, about -- over
τῇ -- article; dative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
ἀδικίᾳ -- noun, feminine; dative singular of <ἀδικία> wrong-doing -- in wrong-doing
συγχαίρει -- verb; 3rd person singular present of <συγχαίρω> rejoice with -- joins in
rejoicing
δὲ -- particle; <δέ> and, on the other hand -- but
τῇ -- article; dative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- in the
ἀληθείᾳ -- noun, feminine; dative singular of <ἀληθεία> truth -- truth
13:10 - ὅταν δὲ ἔλθῃ τὸ τέλειον, τὸ ἐκ μέρους καταργηθήσεται.
ὅταν -- conjunction; <ὅταν> when, every time -- when
δὲ -- particle; <δέ> and, on the other hand -- but
ἔλθῃ -- deponent verb; 3rd person singular aorist subjunctive middle of <ἔρχομαι>
come, go -- shall come
τὸ -- article; nominative singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- that which is
τέλειον -- noun, neuter; nominative singular of <τέλειον> fulfilled, perfect -- perfect
τὸ -- article; nominative singular neuter of <ὁ> the -- that (which is)
ἐκ -- preposition; <ἐκ> from, out of -- in
μέρους -- noun, neuter; genitive singular of <μέρος> part -- part
καταργηθήσεται -- verb; 3rd person singular future passive of <καταργέω> make of
no effect -- will be abolished
13:13 - νυνὶ δὲ μένει πίστις, ἐλπίς, ἀγάπη, τὰ τρία ταῦτα; μείζων δὲ τούτων ἡ
ἀγάπη.
νυνὶ -- adverb; <νυνί> now -- now
δὲ -- particle; <δέ> and, on the other hand -- but
μένει -- verb; 3rd person singular present of <μένω> remain -- (there) remain
πίστις -- noun, feminine; nominative singular of <πίστις> faith -- faith
ἐλπίς -- noun, feminine; nominative singular of <ἐλπίς> hope -- hope
ἀγάπη -- noun, feminine; nominative singular of <ἀγάπη> love -- love
τὰ -- article; nominative plural neuter of <ὁ> the -- ...
τρία -- number; nominative plural neuter of <τρεῖς> three -- three
ταῦτα -- demonstrative pronoun; nominative plural neuter of <οὑτ͂ ος> this -- these
μείζων -- adjective; nominative singular masculine of comparative of <μέγας> great --
greatest
δὲ -- particle; <δέ> and, on the other hand -- but
τούτων -- demonstrative pronoun; genitive plural neuter of <οὑτ͂ ος> this -- of these
ἡ -- article; nominative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
ἀγάπη -- noun, feminine; nominative singular of <ἀγάπη> love -- (is)love
2 Thessalonians 3:16 (memory verse) - Αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ κύριος τῆς εἰρήνης δῴη ὑμῖν τὴν
εἰρήνην διὰ παντὸς ἐν παντὶ τρόπῳ. Ὁ κύριος μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν.
αὐτὸς -- pronoun; nominative singular masculine of <αὐτός> oneself, he -- himself
δὲ -- particle; <δέ> and, on the other hand -- but
ὁ -- article; nominative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
κύριος -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <κύριος> lord -- Lord
τῆς -- article; genitive singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
εἰρήνης -- noun, feminine; genitive singular of <εἰρήνη> peace -- peace
δῴη -- verb; 3rd person singular aorist optative of <δίδωμι> give -- may . . .give
ὑμῖν -- pronoun; dative plural masculine of <σύ> you -- you
τὴν -- article; accusative singular feminine of <ὁ> the -- ...
εἰρήνην -- noun, feminine; accusative singular of <εἰρήνη> peace -- peace
διὰ -- preposition; <διά> through, by -- ...
παντὸς -- adjective; genitive singular neuter of <πᾶς> all, every -- continually
ἐν -- preposition; <ἐν> in -- in
παντὶ -- adjective; dative singular masculine of <πᾶς> all, every -- every
τρόπῳ -- noun, masculine; dative singular of <τρόπος> manner -- manner
ὁ -- article; nominative singular masculine of <ὁ> the -- the
κύριος -- noun, masculine; nominative singular of <κύριος> lord -- Lord
μετὰ -- preposition; <μετά> after, with -- (be) with
πάντων -- adjective; genitive plural masculine of <πᾶς> all, every -- all
ὑμῶν -- pronoun; genitive plural masculine of <σύ> you -- you
Lesson Text
13:1 - Ἐὰν ταῖς γλώσσαις τῶν ἀνθρώπων λαλῶ καὶ τῶν ἀγγέλων, ἀγάπην δὲ μὴ
ἔχω, γέγονα χαλκὸς ἠχῶν ἤ κύμβαλον ἀλαλάζον. 13:2 - καὶ ἐὰν ἔχω προφητείαν
καὶ εἰδῶ τὰ μυστήρια πάντα καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γνῶσιν, κἂν ἔχω πᾶσαν τὴν πίστιν ὥστε
ὄρη μεθιστάναι, ἀγάπην δὲ μὴ ἔχω, οὐθέν εἰμι. 13:3 - κἂν ψωμίσω πάντα τὰ
ὑπάρχοντά μου, καὶ ἐὰν παραδῶ τὸ σῶμά μου ἵνα καυθήσομαι, ἀγάπην δὲ μὴ ἔχω,
οὐδὲν ὠφελοῦμαι. 13:4 - Ἡ ἀγάπη μακροθυμεῖ, χρηστεύεται ἡ ἀγάπη, οὐ ζηλοῖ, ἡ
ἀγάπη οὐ περπερεύεται, οὐ φυσιοῦται, 13:5 - οὐκ ἀσχημονεῖ, οὐ ζητεῖ τὰ ἑαυτῆς, οὐ
παροξύνεται, οὐ λογίζεται τὸ κακόν, 13:6 - οὐ χαίρει ἐπὶ τῇ ἀδικίᾳ, συγχαίρει δὲ τῇ
ἀληθείᾳ. 13:7 - πάντα στέγει, πάντα πιστεύει, πάντα ἐλπίζει, πάντα ὑπομένει. 13:8
- Ἡ ἀγάπη οὐδέποτε πίπτει; εἴτε δὲ προφητεῖαι, καταργηθήσονται; εἴτε γλῶσσαι,
παύσονται; εἴτε γνῶσις, καταργηθήσεται. 13:9 - ἐκ μέρους γὰρ γινώσκομεν καὶ ἐκ
μέρους προφητεύομεν. 13:10 - ὅταν δὲ ἔλθῃ τὸ τέλειον, τὸ ἐκ μέρους
καταργηθήσεται. 13:11 - ὅτε ἠμ ͂ ην νήπιος, ἐλάλουν ὡς νήπιος, ἐφρόνουν ὡς νήπιος,
ἐλογιζόμην ὡς νήπιος. ὅτε γέγονα ἀνήρ, κατήγορηκα τὰ τοῦ νηπίου. 13:12 -
βλέπομεν γὰρ ἄρτι δι' ἐσόπτρου ἐν αἰνίγματι, τότε δὲ πρόσωπον πρὸς πρόσωπον;
ἄρτι γινώσκω ἐκ μέρους, τότε δὲ ἐπιγνώσομαι καθὼς καὶ ἐπεγνώσθην. 13:13 - νυνὶ
δὲ μένει πίστις, ἐλπίς, ἀγάπη, τὰ τρία ταῦτα; μείζων δὲ τούτων ἡ ἀγάπη. 2
Thessalonians 3:16 (memory verse) - Αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ κύριος τῆς εἰρήνης δῴη ὑμῖν τὴν
εἰρήνην διὰ παντὸς ἐν παντὶ τρόπῳ. Ὁ κύριος μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν.
Translation
From the King James version:
13:1 Though I speak with the tongues of men and of angels, and have not charity, I am
become as sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal. 2 And though I have the gift of
prophecy, and understand all mysteries, and all knowledge; and though I have all
faith, so that I could remove mountains, and have not charity, I am nothing. 3 And
though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be
burned, and have not charity, it profiteth me nothing.
4 Charity suffereth long, and is kind; charity envieth not; charity vaunteth not itself, is
not puffed up, 5 Doth not behave itself unseemly, seeketh not her own, is not easily
provoked, thinketh no evil; 6 Rejoiceth not in iniquity, but rejoiceth in the truth; 7
Beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth all things, endureth all things. 8 Charity
never faileth: but whether there be prophecies, they shall fail; whether there be
tongues, they shall cease; whether there be knowledge, it shall vanish away. 9 For
we know in part, and we prophesy in part. 10 But when that which is perfect is come,
then that which is in part shall be done away.
11 When I was a child, I spake as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child:
but when I became a man, I put away childish things. 12 For now we see through a
glass, darkly; but then face to face: now I know in part; but then shall I know even as
also I am known.
13 And now abideth faith, hope, charity, these three; but the greatest of these is
charity.
2 Thessalonians 3:16 (memory verse) --
Now the Lord of peace himself give you peace always by all means. The Lord be with
you all.
Grammar
46 Texts.
The text of the New Testament has probably been examined like no other. It is based on
numerous manuscripts. There are four important ones: Codex Vaticanus in Rome; Codex
Sinaiticus in Leningrad; Codex Alexandrinus in the British Museum; Codex Ephraemi
rescriptus in Paris. These were prepared in the fourth and fifth centuries. There are
numerous others, some with Greek and Latin in parallel pages or columns, as well as
Syrian and Egyptian versions, and also quotations in the church fathers. The variants
among these are slight, so that current editions of the text are comparable.
A convenient modern text is that of Brooke Foss Westcott and Fenton John Anthony
Hort, The New Testament in the Original Greek (New York: Macmillan, 1893), often
reprinted. It includes notes and a Greek-English lexicon. The text used here is that of D.
Eberhard Nestle, Novum Testamentum Graece (Stuttgart: Wuerttembergische
Bibelanstalt, 1898), often reprinted.
47 Grammars.
Similarly, the grammar of the language has been thoroughly and repeatedly presented.
For a large work one may consult A Grammar of New Testament Greek Vol. I, 3rd ed.
(Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1908) by James Hope Moulton; Vol. II (1928) by James Hope
Moulton and Wilbert Francis Howard; and Vol. III (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1963) by
Nigel Turner, all often reprinted. A shorter work is A New Short Grammar of the Greek
Testament (New York: Smith, 1931) by A. T. Robertson and W. Hersey Davis, with a
useful bibliography and credit to Moulton. While the language has undergone changes
since the classical period, as the bibliography of Robertson and Davis implies, a grammar
of the classical language is satisfactory for understanding the grammar of the language
except for specific details that are not essential in interpreting the texts. The most
comprehensive grammar is that of Eduard Schwyzer, Griechische Grammatik I-III
(Munich: Beck, 1939-53).
48 Dictionaries.
There are dictionaries devoted specifically to New Testament Greek, such as that in the
Wetcott-Hort edition, but general dictionaries also cover the language. Accordingly, one
may conveniently use An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon, founded upon the seventh
edition of Lidddell and Scott's Greek-English lexicon (Oxford: Clarendon, 1889), often
reprinted.
49 Specialized handbooks.
The number of works on the New Testament is enormous. For example, a short book of
220 pages: A Preface to Mark, by Christopher Bryan (New York: Oxford, 1993), includes
a bibliography of sixteen pages, concluding with two items on videotape, one distributed
by the American Bible Society (1865 Broadway, New York, NY, 10023). As another
example of their age, extent, and diversity, we may cite the translation of the
Commentary on Saint Paul's Epistle to the Galatians by St. Thomas Aquinas by F. R.
Larcher (Albany, NY: Magi, 211 pages).
For a general work in a "historical nontheological approach," one may consult The New
Testament. A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings by Bart D. Ehrman
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2000, 2nd ed., 465 pages), with suggestions for
further readings in the text but no bibliography. A work written to encourage "a
maximum of observation of the text itself" is The Word of the Lord Grows: A First
Historical Introduction to the New Testament by Martin H. Franzmann (St. Louis:
Concordia, 1961). Among more specialized works of interest is Paul: A Critical Life by
Jerome Murphy-O'Connor (New York: Oxford, 1996). Encyclopedias should not be
overlooked when seeking information on the major figures and the Christian church
itself.
It is hardly necessary to state that there are many translations. Choice among them may
be left to the interest of individuals. One produced by a classicist may be of interest, not
only for its treatment of each of the gospels as continuous works rather than made up of
chapters and verses: The Four Gospels: a new translation from the Greek by E.V. Rieu,
(Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1953, 250 pages), subsequently reprinted. The tone of Rieu's
translation may be indicated by the end of his Introduction: "They are the Magna Charta
of the human spirit. Were we to devote to their comprehension a little of the selfless
enthusiasms that is now expended on the riddle of our physical surroundings, we should
cease to say that Christianity is coming to an end -- we might even feel that it has only
just begun."
50 The Legacy of the New Testament.
The legacy of the New Testament is evident in the spiritual and cultural history of the
western world, and subsequently far beyond it. Its early extent is foreshadowed in the
account of the Pentecost, with citizens of many of the Mediterranean countries present.
And shortly thereafter the letters of St. Paul confirm the widespread reception of its
teachings. Christianity became firmly established when Constantine the Great (306-337)
made it the official religion of the Roman Empire. Many of our early texts in the
languages of Europe resulted from its adoption. Among the earliest is the Gothic
translation of the fourth century ascribed to Bishop Wulfila. With the appearance of the
Latin version in the Vulgate, 404 A.D., it became accessible to the literate community of
Europe.
The growing influence of the Bishop of Rome led to a center for its continued influence.
With the election of Gregory the Great as pope in 590 A.D. the papacy was well-
established, and provided spiritual and intellectual guidance for much of Europe. The
current situation as well as the recent history of Christianity are so obvious that further
discussion here is unnecessary.