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Peralatan tegangan tinggi

Sttm syafrddinr

type.
Fuse wire
rating (A)

Cu Wire
diameter
(mm)
3 0.15
5 0.20
10 0.35
15 0.50
20 0.60
25 0.75
30 0.85
45 1.25
60 1.53
80 1.8
100 2.0
HRC Fuse
Air break switchgear
Double break oil circuit breaker
Single break oil circuit breaker
General construction of a vacuum circuit breaker
Air magnetic breakers

Buchholz relay
Construction of Buchholz relay
Phase Fault Protection
Figure 2.16 (a) Cascaded testing transformers with insulating shell
construction (courtesy IREQ, Canada)

Figure 2.16 (b) Cascaded testing transformers with metal tanks and
coolers. Total voltage 3000 kV, 4 A (courtesy HIGH-VOLT Dresden,
Germany)
Figure 2.19 2 .2 MV series resonant circuit (Hitachi Research Laboratory,
supplied by Hipotronix, Brewster, USA)

Figure 2.22 Modular reactors of a series resonant circuit with variable


frequency during an on-site test of very long polymeric cables (courtesy FKH,
Zurich, Switzerland)
200 kV/6 A each as used during on-site a.c. voltage tests of 110 kV XLPE
cables with a length of about 7 km.
the standard switching impulse has time parameters (including
tolerances) of
Tp D 250 s š 20%
T2 D 2500 s š 60%
Figure 2.33 2.4-MV impulse generator UMIST
Figure 2.34 Indoor impulse generator, 20-stage, 4-MV, 200-kJ, with
encapsulated sphere gaps (courtesy of CEPEL, Rio de Janero, manufactured
by Haefely)
Figure 3.2 Universal Reference Voltage Divider for 500 kV lightning and
switching impulse, 200 kV a.c. (r.m.s.) and 250 kV d.c. voltage (courtesy
Presco AG, Switzerland)
Figure 3.20 Standard (compressed gas) capacitor for 1000 kV r.m.s.
(courtesy Micafil, Switzerland)
Figure 3.41 Series-damped capacitor voltage divider for 6-MV impulse
voltage (courtesy EdF, Les Renardieres, France)
Figure 4.26 Photographs of bushing (courtesy Micafil, Switzerland).
(a) Wall bushing, outdoor–indoor, rated 123 kV/1250 A. (b) Transformer
bushing with ‘dry’ insulation, rated 170 kV a.c./630 A, BIL 750 kV
8.7 Modern power systems protection devices
8.7.1 MOA – metal oxide arresters
The development of MOA (metal oxide arresters) represented a breakthrough
in overvoltage protection devices. It became possible to design arresters
without using gaps which were indispensable in the conventional lightning
arresters, which utilized non-linear resistors made of silicon Carbide (SiC)
and spark gaps. Figure 8.29 shows a block diagram of the valve arrangements
in the two types of arrester.
In (a) the elements and the spark gaps are connected in series. In (b) the
elements are stacked on top of each other without the need for spark gaps.
Figure 9.6 Typical constructions of ceramic type suspension insulators.
(a) Standard. (b) Open profile (self-cleaning). (c) Anti-fog and for d.c.
applications
Figure 9.7 Examples of non-ceramic insulators. (a) Suspension type.
(b) Post type

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