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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Today, computers play a big role in education especially in developing countries like
the Philippines. According to Casiano (2007), computer has a capability for administrative
and managerial users, namely: easing enrollment procedures, preparing transcript of records,
recording grades, paying school fees, and others, as well as for teaching purposes. Moreover,
it has given way to the development of multi-media which is creating an exciting and very
real interactive learning environment. According to Senator Oreta, three to four out of five
teachers lacked knowledge in using computers (Philippine Star, 2002). A survey research
with an overall goal of determining ICT preparedness of teacher stated that the literacy of
teachers in using word processing software is about 63.27% while the second is internet
browsing with 33.91%. The third is using spreadsheets application, 13.84% and other
software application is quite below at 10% (Magno, 2006). Moreover, the Department of
Education (DepED) estimates that only one out of seven schools have teachers who are
knowledgeable about the capabilities of hardware and software and understanding how
computers and the internet can enhance students’ educational experiences. The government
and the education department has come up with plans for computer literacy of learners as
well as teachers. According to Carandang (2010), Senator Angara urged the incoming
the Board of Computer Education. The proposed board will promote the Build-Operate-
DIVINE WORD COLLEGE OF BANGUED 2
Transfer (BOT) scheme of the program, which is facilitating the computer literacy training of
teachers. Angara also urged to integrate computer subjects in private and public schools from
computer literacy. They are making laws and bills like House Bill No. 632 introduced by
Senator Escudero (2003), an act to integrate a computer education program into the
educational system and for other purposes, for pursuing the objectives in achieving goals for
In schools, some books used by teachers have additional information and useful links
that can be accessed in the internet. There are times that the researcher integrates academic
subjects for the hands-on activity of students in their computer subject. If the teachers know
how to use computer and its applications, it will be easy for them to understand the
advantage of being computer literate. Also, students will realize that the computer is not only
for fun and entertainment but for their own benefit. According to Carlson and Gadio (2002),
educational technology is not, and never will be, transformative on its own. It requires
teachers who can integrate technology into the curriculum and use it to improve students’
learning. Teachers are the keys to how technology is used appropriately and effectively.
Today, most teachers have laptops or computers to help them in their tasks in terms
of preserving records, encoding documents, computation of grades and browsing the internet.
Other teachers studying for their master’s degree prepare presentations of their report using
their computers. Unfortunately, based on the researchers’ observation, some of the teachers
have minimal computer literacy and the school has no program for computer literacy for
teachers. Despite of the complete equipment and facilities available to every teacher for use
in a computer literacy program, teachers learn operating computers by exploring and through
DIVINE WORD COLLEGE OF BANGUED 3
the help of their peers. Realizing the compelling need of teachers to be computer literate, the
researchers were motivated to determine the computer skills of the teachers at the Divine
Word College of Bangued. It is hoped that the results can help the researcher s come up with
Nowadays, every teacher relies on computers for making lesson plans, preparing
examinations, recording and computing grades, and others. Teachers have to immerse
themselves in the age of information revolution since society is surrounded by rapid changes,
media, knowledge workers, technology and research and development (CICT, 2006).
Actually Sec. Lapuz (2008) stated that teachers must be equipped with 21st century skills
that can empower all Filipinos to become competitive in today’s digital age.
While there may be a general willingness to apply the tools of technology in the
different learning areas, one of the major handicaps among teachers is limited proficiency in
terms of computer applications (Andrada, 2003). Although some teachers have knowledge in
using computers, their skills are outdated (Philippine Star, 2010). In line with this, Mau
(2001) in his case study about the basic information technology training for teachers in Hong
Kong revealed that the continuous long-term training should be arranged so that teachers can
update their knowledge. More importantly, teachers must be challenged to go away from
their familiar methods and approaches and instead adopt themselves according to the
The idea of information and computer literacy arises with the development of
recognize when information is needed and to then have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use
resources. Information literacy is related to information technology skills, but has broader
implications for the individual, the education system, and for society (National Research
Council 1999). Moreover, according to Lant (2001) information and computer literacy from
the basis for lifelong learning is common to all disciplines, to all learning environments, and
to all levels of education. Information literacy is an abstract concept. The name “computer
literacy” marks knowledge, abilities, skills, which the person needs in his job. The computer
through Computer Aided Instruction (CAI), Computer Assisted Learning (CAL), and E-
Learning. The uses of computers by the teachers however assist in the curriculum contact
delivery. Computers in the school system assist in the academic environment to store,
This study sought to determine the computer literacy of the Faculty of the Divine
1. What is the profile of the Faculty of the Divine Word College of Bangued in terms of:
A. Length of service
C. Ownership of computer
2. What are the computer literacy skills of the Faculty of the Divine Word College of
C.2 Spreadsheet
C.3 Presentation
C.4 Internet
3. What are the problems encountered by the faculty members of Divine Word College
This study focused on the computer skills of the Faculty of the Divine World College
of Bangued from the different departments (the Grade School, High School, and College) as
a whole. It looked into the hardware, system, and common application software knowledge
and skills of the faculty. Hardware knowledge and skills would encompass the understanding
and proper use of monitors, keyboards, CPU, printer, scanner, and other computer
paraphernalia. Moreover, system knowledge and skills would pertain to the Faculty
understanding and proper way of storing and accessing information using the computer.
This study is highly beneficial for the school because it determines the skills and kind
of computer literacy to be given to the faculty.
For the School, the outcome of the study will be a basis for planning, designing, and
implementing a computer literacy program for faculty.
For the Teachers, the output of this study will make teachers aware of programs that
will help them prepare their instructional materials and paper works.
For the Pupils, this study will be beneficial to them as they are the recipients of
professional merit of teachers.
For the Future Researchers, the result of this study may be used for developing a
better computer literacy program for the faculty.
DIVINE WORD COLLEGE OF BANGUED 7
The following concepts and terms were used in this study and are operationally
defined below:
use a computer system in the performance of common computer related tasks without the
need to understand the deeper detail of how the different computer components work and
Hardware - refers to the physical computer machine such as the main board or
central processing unit, and other peripheral devices but with special concentration on the
Application Software – this refer to the programs that runs to accomplish user tasks.
In this study it is limited to word processing, spreadsheet, presentation and Internet access.
Basic Computer Concepts – these pertain knowledge of the principles related to the
Keyboarding skills – this is the ability to use the computer keyboard as a data entry
device. The expectation is sufficient accuracy and speed without touching on the proper
pictures, audio and video that tell a story or present information in slideshow style. Microsoft
PowerPoint and Libre Office Impress software are common forms of this software.
DIVINE WORD COLLEGE OF BANGUED 8
analysis and storage of data in tabular form; it has extensive formatting tools and built-in
functions for many applications like statistics, finance, and engineering. Commonly used
composing, editing, formatting, and printing of documents. Common form of this software
This section presents the research design, population and sampling, data gathering
Research Design
This study made used the descriptive research design. It is descriptive because it
described the computer related concepts and skills of the teachers of the Divine Word
College of Bangued along the literacy of computer(hardware) along the basic computer
concepts and keyboarding skills, the literacy of basic system components, and the literacy of
Internet. In addition, the descriptive design aims to describe the nature of a situation as it
A survey was also used to gather the needed data for this study through the use of a
The respondents of this study were the faculty of the Divine Word College of
Bangued with probationary or permanent status for the school year 2016-2017. Total
Part I comprises the personal profile of the Faculty of the Divine Word College of
ownership of computer. Part II is intended to determine whether or not faculty members can
perform or not certain key skills related a) use of computer (hardware), b) use of basic
system services, and c) skill in performing certain tasks using application software. Part III
covered the problems encountered by the respondents in their computer literacy. The faculty
members were asked to check the listed problems that affected them in their quest for
computer literacy.
The researchers asked the permission of the Academic Officer of the Divine Word
1. Frequency count and percentages were used to describe the profile of respondents.
2. Frequency count is also used to determine the computer literacy skill of the
respondents.
1. What is the profile of the Faculty of the Divine Word College of Bangued in terms of:
A. Length of service
C. Ownership of computer
Table 1
Profile of the faculty members of the DWCB in terms of Length of service
0-5 years 28 46
6-10 years 8 13
11-15 years 3 5
16-20 years 8 13
21-25 years 2 3
26 and above 12 20
Total 61 100
The Table 1 shows the profile of the faculty members of the Divine Word College of
Bangued in terms of Length of service. The figures basically show that there is a wide range
of teachers in terms of their years in the service. Most of the teachers, 46%, that is 28 of the
total number of respondents, are five or less years in the service at the DWCB. This shows
that there is a large number of very young teachers, including first-timers, signifying a fast
DIVINE WORD COLLEGE OF BANGUED 12
turn-over of teaching force of the college. The next biggest group is the 26 and above group
with 20% or 12 teachers. This shows a large group of silver Jubilarian teachers. The smallest
groups are the 11 to 15 and the 21 to 25 groups with 3 (5%) and 2 (3%) teachers respectively.
Table 2
Number of computer related seminars/training attended
1 12 20
2 6 10
3 10 16
4 5 8
5 3 5
6 and above 7 11
No answer 18 30
Total 61 61
questionnaire, the choices given were (1), (2),(3),…, (6 and above). Eighteen of the
respondents did not make any choice, and the researchers assumed that this means that these
teachers have not attended any computer-related training/seminars. This group comprise 30%
of the group, which mirror the demography of a higher number of young teachers. As new
teachers, some would not yet have the chance to attend in-service computer-related training.
This may also reflect a perception that the younger members of the teaching staff are already
exposure to computers in the environment. Among those who have had trainings in
DIVINE WORD COLLEGE OF BANGUED 13
computer-related seminars and workshops, the largest is 12 (20%), those who only had one
computer-related training. Ten of the respondents, comprising 16% have had three computer-
related training. Six (10%) had three training, five (8%) had four training, three (5%) had five
Table 3
Computer Ownership
Frequency Percentage
Total 61 100
Table 3 shows that only eleven teachers (18%) of the 61 respondents did not have
computer of their own, while 50 (82%) of the teachers have their own desktop computers or
laptops. This would imply that a big majority of the teachers have access to their own
computer anytime that they had to do a certain computer-linked task. This would also suggest
that more of them have more chances of being exposed to computer use, even without
2. What are the computer literacy skills of the Faculty of the Divine Word College of
Table 4
Knowledge of computer hardware along basic concepts and keyboarding skills
n=61
A. Knowledge of Computer Hardware YES Percent
age
The 61 respondents generously answered all items in either Yes or No. And the
specifically on Basic Computer Concepts, the respondent performed well as a group. Fifty-
nine or 97% can turn the computer by themselves with only one incapable of this task. The
skill of using the mouse properly, quitting applications and shutting down the computer can
DIVINE WORD COLLEGE OF BANGUED 15
be performed by 58 or 95% of the respondents. Fifty-seven (93%) can use the keyboard
properly and as well as use removable media properly. Fifty-six (92%) say they can start
application software on their own. For the whole Basic Computer Concepts block of skills,
the respondent group had a mean of 58 (95%) who can do the necessary skills. As a group,
the teachers exhibit a high rating in terms of knowledge of Basic Computer Concepts.
In terms of keyboarding, only 45 (74%) can say that they have sufficient accuracy
and speed in using the keyboard, the lowest in this keyboarding skills block. Fifty-seven
(93%) of the respondents can use the mouse using click, double click or click and draw, 55
(90%) of the teachers can take care of the keyboard and 93 (89%) can care for the mouse
properly. As a group for this skills block, the mean is 53 or 86% literacy.
Table 5
Literacy of Basic Operating System Services
n=61
B. Knowledge of the Basic System (operating system) YES Percentage
Table 5 shows that 54 (88%) of the respondents are capable of creating folders, and
53 (87%) and remove folders properly and safely; 54 (88%) can copy files from one folder to
another, 54 (88%) can copy files from the hard drive to removable media and another 50
(82%) can copy files from removable media to the hard drive. As a group for the Basic
Operating System Services, the mean is 53 or (87%) of the respondents which is interpreted
DIVINE WORD COLLEGE OF BANGUED 16
as a big majority of the respondents understand the concept and can perform tasks related to
C.2 Spreadsheet
C.3 Presentation
C.4 Internet
Table 6.1
The Knowledge of Application Software – Word Processing
n=61
YES Percentage
Table 6.1 shows the rating of the respondents in terms of the skill in word processing.
Can save a document is the skill that the largest number of respondent, 57 or 93% claim they
can do. In the field of volatile electronic data, it is very well that one can save a document
because that keeps one from losing data in the face of power outages and unstable electric
DIVINE WORD COLLEGE OF BANGUED 17
supply. The skills of opening a document setting line spacing, and changing fonts style and
font size are each claimed by 56 teachers (92%), 55 (90%) can set paper size and margins,
insert tables in a document, and create columns and rows, 54 respondents (88%) can set
document alignment, 52 or 85% of the teachers can retrieve documents. The smallest number
of the respondents, 47 (77%) can use the different toolbars like Standard, Formatting, and
Drawing tools. Most users of word processing software would probably know about the
Standard and Formatting tools, but the Drawing tools is the least used, ordinarily.
The group mean of the respondents for the Word Processing skills block is 54 (88%)
which indicate that for the most part, teachers possess sufficient skills to use the word
Table 6.2
Knowledge of Applications Software – Electronic Spreadsheet
n=61
YES Percentages
Table 6.2 show markedly lower figures that Table 6.1, indicating that Electronic
spreadsheet has lower usage than word processing. Forty-eight (77%) of the respondents can
enter data such as text, numbers and formula, a very fundamental skill in spreadsheet use.
Forty-six can save spreadsheet, a necessary safeguard for computer applications use. Only 43
(70%) of the respondents can Format cells, Perform computations, and Retrieve spreadsheets.
computations. Spreadsheet lend itself well in computing for grades in class records and in
grading sheets. It is also very useful, for example, in preparation of financial statements in
Table 6.3
Knowledge of Application Software – Presentation
n=61
YES Percentage
a. Can create a new presentation 50 82
b. Can create a slide 51 84
c. Can change font, font style, and font size 51 84
d. Can create animations to a slide 49 81
e. Can save a presentation 50 82
f. Can retrieve a presentation 48 79
Mean 50 82
Create slides and Change font, font style, and font size. Fifty (82%) of the respondents can
Create new presentation and Save presentation, 49 (81%) can Create animation and 48 (79%)
can Retrieve presentation. The respondents mean for this set of skills, presentation, is 50
Presentation is most usually used in preparation of teaching aids, and the skills shown
in the table above indicate that most of the teachers are equipped with the computer-related
Table 6.4
Knowledge of Application Software – Internet Browsing
n=61
YES Percentage
a. Can start using a browser 48 79
b. Can type using a URL 47 77
c. Can follow a link 48 79
d. Can download internet content 49 81
Mean 48 79
Table 6.4. show the skills of the respondent group with respect to Internet Browsing
as application of computer. The table show that 49 or 81% can download internet content; 48
(79%) can Start a browser and Follow a link. Forty-seven among the respondents can use a
Uniform Resource Locator (URL), the formal address system of the Internet. The mean for
3. What are the problems encountered by the faculty members of Divine Word College
Table 7
Problems encountered
n=61
Problems Encountered Frequency Percentage
Limited hands-on 25 41
Lack of skills/knowledge 18 30
No computer to use 11 18
No/Poor internet connection 5 8
literacy. The most frequently named problem is Limited hands on, identified by 25 teachers
DIVINE WORD COLLEGE OF BANGUED 20
problem by 18 (30%) of the respondents. Eleven of the respondents or 18%, stated that their
problem is No computer to use. Five respondents had problems with No/Poor Internet
connection.
It is not a problem, but somehow affects the overall computer literacy of the faculty
as a whole: five of the respondent teachers said that they do not see the need, for computer
literacy in their professional life. On further inquiry, reasons stated include approaching
retirement and others said that there are other people who can do their encoding work for
them.
DIVINE WORD COLLEGE OF BANGUED
Chapter 4
The two biggest groups are the 0 to 5 years of service and the 26 and above years of
service groups. Eighteen of the respondents had never attended seminars of training in
computer use or literacy, while seven of them had Six or more training on the field. Thirty-
six had attended one to five computer-related training or seminar. Fifty of the respondents
hardware, including removable media. On Keyboarding skills, 86% or mean of 53 can use
the keyboard with sufficient accuracy and speed. Most respondents do not have problem with
Fifty three (87%) are capable of making use of the Basic Operating System Services.
In Word processing, 54 or 88% of the respondents do not have problems with the common
tasks. In Electronic Spreadsheet, the group registered the lowest mean, 45 (74%) can perform
82%. Fifty of the respondents do not have problems with Presentation software.
Lack of skills and knowledge follows, No computer to use, and No or poor internet
connection. Five of the respondents do not see the need for computer literacy.
DIVINE WORD COLLEGE OF BANGUED 22
Recommendation
While a bigger number of the faculty respondents are capable in performing the
Computer literacy training be administered for those who have limited computer-
related knowledge and skills, and are interested in enhancing their knowledge and capability
in the area. Recognizing that not all teachers are of the have the same skills, nor need the
same skills, then the lessons will be customized for individuals or small group.
The College administration can explore the possibility of financing computer units for
employees to be paid for by salary deduction, on a per payday basis, so that instructors who
References
Abad, F. (2004). Policy directions for ICT use in primary and secondary schools in the
Philippines. Paper delivered during the First National ICT in Basic Education Congress,
Ahmad, Dr. Jasi (2012). Computer applications in education. New Delhi Kamal Publications.
http://www.unescobkk.org/index.php?id=1807.
Geisert, Paul - Futrell, Mynga (1984). Computer Literacy for Teachers. ERIC Clearinghouse
https://www.ericdigests.org/pre-921/literacy.htm.
SEAMEO INNOTECH (2003). Profile on the ICT capabilities of elementary & secondary
Taylor, Robert P., James L. Poirot, and James D. Powell (1980). Computing Competencies
edited by Diana
This survey questionnaire is intended to determine the computer literacy skill of the Faculty
Membersthe Divine Word College of Bangued.
Direction: Kindly fill out the needed data and check the corresponding answer below.
Name (Optional):__________________________
Length of Service: [ ] O-5 years [ ] 6-1O years [ ] 11-15 years [ ] 16-20 years [ ] 21-25
years
[ ] 26 and above
Ownership of a computer:
Do you have a computer(desktop or laptop/netbook at home? _______Yes ______No
Direction: Below are items on the basic skills in computer hardware operation and concepts. Please checkYES
if you can
do it and check NO if not.
Knowledge of Computer YES NO
1.Basic Computer Concepts
h. Can turn on the computer machine
i. Can use the keyboard properly
j. Can use the mouse properly
k. Can use removable storage media (USB flash drive, CD/DVD, etc) properly.
l. Can run an application using Desktop or Start Menu shortcuts
m. Can quit an applications normally
n. Can shutdown a computer properly.
2. Keyboarding Skills
e. Can use the keyboard with sufficient skill and speed
f. Can operate a mouse using click, double click, click and drag
g. Can take proper care of the keyboard
h. Can take proper care of the mouse
3. Knowledge of the Basic System (operating system)
f. Can create folders
g. Can remove folders properly and safely
h. Can copy files from one folder to another
i. Can copy files from the hard drive to a removable media (pen or flash) drive
j. Can copy files from a removable drive (CD/DVD, flash/pen drive) to the
hard drive
Application Software Knowledge
4. Knowledge of Word Processing (Microsoft Word)
k. Can create a new document
l. Can use the different toolbars like Standard, Formatting, and Drawing Tools
DIVINE WORD COLLEGE OF BANGUED 25
B. Problems Encountered
Which of the following problems affected you in your computer literacy? Check if applicable.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________