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Oersted’s Discovery:
Whenever current moves through a conductor, a magnetic
field is created in the region around the conductor. The
direction of current flow is taken to be the direction of
positive charge flow (the opposite direction of electron
flow) and is called conventional current flow.
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What if you coil the wire?
The field lines look very similar to that of the field around
a simple bar magnet (below). But how can we predict
which end of the electromagnet is north or south?
2
To predict electromagnet polarity we use another right
hand rule.
3
Applications of Electromagnets
4
Drawing Field Maps
7
Try these examples:
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The Action in a Direct Current (D.C.) Electric Motor
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A Commutator allows a motor to run on D.C. current
because it alternates the current in the armature.
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Example Questions
1. For each current-carrying conductor, sketch a view of the magnetic field,
based on the direction of current flow shown.
(d) (e)
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
2. For each coil, show the direction of current flow that would cause the labeled magnetic polarity.
(a) (b)
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Motor Principle Questions
1. For all cases, indicate the field magnet poles (N or S), the current direction, field
lines, and the direction of force on the conductors.
Add the missing piece of information; the magnetic poles, field lines, direction of
conventional current flow or force in each of the figures below.
3. Which way will these two coils turn? 4. Identify the direction of current flow
and motor rotation and label the
armature polarity.
(a) (b)
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Electromagnetic Induction
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Electric Generators
A Simplified AC Generator
Transformers
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Power Distribution Using Transformers
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Electromagnetic Induction questions
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3. Show the direction of magnet motion.
Np
a) What is the ratio of primary to secondary turns Ns ?
b) What is secondary voltage?