Structural Modeling, Analysis and Design

“Food Court” Building For ITL Infosys, Hyderabad

Submitted By:
Amit Kumar Saran
Ashwini Kumar
Bharat Sondhi
M.Tech. (IT in Building Science), IIIT,Hyderabad

Index

1. Structural Modeling
Structural Details of the building

Modeling with STAAD

Modeling with AutoCAD

2. Structural Analysis
Wind Load Analysis

Seismic Load Analysis

Base Shear Calculations

Load Distribution

Possible Load Combinations

Analysis results

3. Structural Design
Design of beams

Design of ring beam

Design of Columns

Design of Footings

Design of Slab
 1. Structural Modeling

Reliability and accuracy of design of a building structure largely depends on how accurately and meticulously it has been
perceived and modeled. This structure has been modeled in both STAAD as well as AutoCAD after several careful
inspections of the site as well as architectural drawings. Some of the salient features of the building are:

1. A shell structure used as a dome of the building

2. A Space Frame structure consisting of a food court cum auditorium, aerobics room and cyber-cafe

Structural Details of the building:

Total no. of members / elements: 548

Total no. of joints: 388

Total no. of supports: 56

Total no. of degrees of freedom: 1992

Size of stiffness matrix: 1, 79,280

There are 4 representative Ring Beams: RB1, RB2, RB3, and RB4 each in 3 rings.

No. of columns in the innermost ring = 4

No. of columns in last but penultimate ring = 8

No. of columns in penultimate ring = 16

No. of columns in the outermost ring = 16

No. of columns in the corners = 12

There are 3 representative radial beams: B1, B2 and B3

Ring Beams in the structure were modeled as straight line elements, each of them are at an angle of 5.625 degrees.
Structural Modeling in STAAD
Structure was modeled in STAAD-III by using its in-built modeling facilities. It was modeled using file-input as well as
user-interface facility provided in STAAD.

Input parameters in the STAAD input file are as follows:

STAAD SPACE INFOSYS
INPUT WIDTH 72
UNIT METER KNS
JOINT COORDINATES
1 73.438 .000 36.719
2 73.261 .000 33.120
3 72.732 .000 29.556
4 71.857 .000 26.060
5 70.643 .000 22.667
6 69.102 .000 19.410
7 67.250 .000 16.319
8 65.103 .000 13.425
9 62.683 .000 10.755
10 60.013 .000 8.335
11 57.119 .000 6.188
12 54.028 .000 4.336
13 50.771 .000 2.795
14 47.378 .000 1.581
15 43.882 .000 .706
16 40.318 .000 .177
17 36.719 .000 .000
18 33.120 .000 .177
19 29.556 .000 .706
20 26.060 .000 1.581
21 22.667 .000 2.795
22 19.410 .000 4.336
23 16.319 .000 6.188
24 13.425 .000 8.335
25 10.755 .000 10.755
26 8.335 .000 13.425
27 6.188 .000 16.319
28 4.336 .000 19.410
29 2.795 .000 22.667
30 1.581 .000 26.060
31 .706 .000 29.556
32 .177 .000 33.120
33 .000 .000 36.719
34 .177 .000 40.318
35 .706 .000 43.882
36 1.581 .000 47.378
37 2.795 .000 50.771
38 4.336 .000 54.028
39 6.188 .000 57.119
40 8.335 .000 60.013
41 10.755 .000 62.683
42 13.425 .000 65.103
43 16.319 .000 67.250
44 19.410 .000 69.102
45 22.667 .000 70.643
46 26.060 .000 71.857
47 29.556 .000 72.732
48 33.120 .000 73.261
49 36.719 .000 73.438
50 40.318 .000 73.261
51 43.882 .000 72.732
52 47.378 .000 71.857
53 50.771 .000 70.643
54 54.028 .000 69.102
55 57.119 .000 67.250
56 60.013 .000 65.103
57 62.683 .000 62.683
58 65.103 .000 60.013
59 67.250 .000 57.119
60 69.102 .000 54.028
61 70.643 .000 50.771
62 71.857 .000 47.378
63 72.732 .000 43.882
64 73.261 .000 40.318
65 60.317 .000 36.719
66 60.203 .000 34.406
67 59.864 .000 32.115
68 59.301 .000 29.869
69 58.521 .000 27.688
70 57.531 .000 25.595
71 56.340 .000 23.609
72 54.960 .000 21.749
73 53.405 .000 20.033
74 51.689 .000 18.478
75 49.829 .000 17.098
76 47.843 .000 15.907
77 45.750 .000 14.917
78 43.569 .000 14.137
79 41.323 .000 13.574
80 39.032 .000 13.235
81 36.719 .000 13.121
82 34.406 .000 13.235
83 32.115 .000 13.574
84 29.869 .000 14.137
85 27.688 .000 14.917
86 25.595 .000 15.907
87 23.609 .000 17.098
88 21.749 .000 18.478
89 20.033 .000 20.033
90 18.478 .000 21.749
91 17.098 .000 23.609
92 15.907 .000 25.595
93 14.917 .000 27.688
94 14.137 .000 29.869
95 13.574 .000 32.115
96 13.235 .000 34.406
97 13.121 .000 36.719
98 13.235 .000 39.032
99 13.574 .000 41.323
100 14.137 .000 43.569
101 14.917 .000 45.750
102 15.907 .000 47.843
103 17.098 .000 49.829
104 18.478 .000 51.689
105 20.033 .000 53.405
106 21.749 .000 54.960
107 23.609 .000 56.340
108 25.595 .000 57.531
109 27.688 .000 58.521
110 29.869 .000 59.301
111 32.115 .000 59.864
112 34.406 .000 60.203
113 36.719 .000 60.317
114 39.032 .000 60.203
115 41.323 .000 59.864
116 43.569 .000 59.301
117 45.750 .000 58.521
118 47.843 .000 57.531
119 49.829 .000 56.340
120 51.689 .000 54.960
121 53.405 .000 53.405
122 54.960 .000 51.689
123 56.340 .000 49.829
124 57.531 .000 47.843
125 58.521 .000 45.750
126 59.301 .000 43.569
127 59.864 .000 41.323
128 60.203 .000 39.032
129 52.052 .000 36.719
130 51.978 .000 35.216
131 51.757 .000 33.728
132 51.392 .000 32.268
133 50.885 .000 30.851
134 50.242 .000 29.491
135 49.468 .000 28.200
136 48.572 .000 26.992
137 47.561 .000 25.877
138 46.446 .000 24.866
139 45.238 .000 23.970
140 43.947 .000 23.197
141 42.587 .000 22.553
142 41.170 .000 22.046
143 39.710 .000 21.681
144 38.222 .000 21.460
145 36.719 .000 21.386
146 35.216 .000 21.460
147 33.728 .000 21.681
148 32.268 .000 22.046
149 30.851 .000 22.553
150 29.491 .000 23.197
151 28.200 .000 23.970
152 26.992 .000 24.866
153 25.877 .000 25.877
154 24.866 .000 26.992
155 23.970 .000 28.200
156 23.197 .000 29.491
157 22.553 .000 30.851
158 22.046 .000 32.268
159 21.681 .000 33.728
160 21.460 .000 35.216
161 21.386 .000 36.719
162 21.460 .000 38.222
163 21.681 .000 39.710
164 22.046 .000 41.170
165 22.553 .000 42.587
166 23.197 .000 43.947
167 23.970 .000 45.238
168 24.866 .000 46.446
169 25.877 .000 47.561
170 26.992 .000 48.572
171 28.200 .000 49.468
172 29.491 .000 50.242
173 30.851 .000 50.885
174 32.268 .000 51.392
175 33.728 .000 51.757
176 35.216 .000 51.978
177 36.719 .000 52.052
178 38.222 .000 51.978
179 39.710 .000 51.757
180 41.170 .000 51.392
181 42.587 .000 50.885
182 43.947 .000 50.242
183 45.238 .000 49.468
184 46.446 .000 48.572
185 47.561 .000 47.561
186 48.572 .000 46.446
187 49.468 .000 45.238
188 50.242 .000 43.947
189 50.885 .000 42.587
190 51.392 .000 41.170
191 51.757 .000 39.710
192 51.978 .000 38.222
193 72.732 -5.500 29.556
194 67.250 -5.500 16.319
195 57.119 -5.500 6.188
196 43.882 -5.500 .706
197 29.556 -5.500 .706
198 16.319 -5.500 6.188
199 6.188 -5.500 16.319
200 .706 -5.500 29.556
201 .706 -5.500 43.882
202 6.188 -5.500 57.119
203 16.319 -5.500 67.250
204 29.556 -5.500 72.732
205 43.882 -5.500 72.732
206 57.119 -5.500 67.250
207 67.250 -5.500 57.119
208 72.732 -5.500 43.882
209 59.864 -5.500 32.115
210 56.340 -5.500 23.609
211 49.829 -5.500 17.098
212 41.323 -5.500 13.574
213 32.115 -5.500 13.574
214 23.609 -5.500 17.098
215 17.098 -5.500 23.609
216 13.574 -5.500 32.115
217 13.574 -5.500 41.323
218 17.098 -5.500 49.829
219 23.609 -5.500 56.340
220 32.115 -5.500 59.864
221 41.323 -5.500 59.864
222 49.829 -5.500 56.340
223 56.340 -5.500 49.829
224 59.864 -5.500 41.323
225 50.885 -5.500 30.851
226 42.587 -5.500 22.553
227 30.851 -5.500 22.553
228 22.553 -5.500 30.851
229 22.553 -5.500 42.587
230 30.851 -5.500 50.885
231 42.587 -5.500 50.885
232 50.885 -5.500 42.587
233 60.317 5.000 36.719
234 60.203 5.000 34.406
235 59.864 5.000 32.115
236 59.301 5.000 29.869
237 58.521 5.000 27.688
238 57.531 5.000 25.595
239 56.340 5.000 23.609
240 54.960 5.000 21.749
241 53.405 5.000 20.033
242 51.689 5.000 18.478
243 49.829 5.000 17.098
244 47.843 5.000 15.907
245 45.750 5.000 14.917
246 43.569 5.000 14.137
247 41.323 5.000 13.574
248 39.032 5.000 13.235
249 36.719 5.000 13.121
250 34.406 5.000 13.235
251 32.115 5.000 13.574
252 29.869 5.000 14.137
253 27.688 5.000 14.917
254 25.595 5.000 15.907
255 23.609 5.000 17.098
256 21.749 5.000 18.478
257 20.033 5.000 20.033
258 18.478 5.000 21.749
259 17.098 5.000 23.609
260 15.907 5.000 25.595
261 14.917 5.000 27.688
262 14.137 5.000 29.869
263 13.574 5.000 32.115
264 13.235 5.000 34.406
265 13.121 5.000 36.719
266 13.235 5.000 39.032
267 13.574 5.000 41.323
268 14.137 5.000 43.569
269 14.917 5.000 45.750
270 15.907 5.000 47.843
271 17.098 5.000 49.829
272 18.478 5.000 51.689
273 20.033 5.000 53.405
274 21.749 5.000 54.960
275 23.609 5.000 56.340
276 25.595 5.000 57.531
277 27.688 5.000 58.521
278 29.869 5.000 59.301
279 32.115 5.000 59.864
280 34.406 5.000 60.203
281 36.719 5.000 60.317
282 39.032 5.000 60.203
283 41.323 5.000 59.864
284 43.569 5.000 59.301
285 45.750 5.000 58.521
286 47.843 5.000 57.531
287 49.829 5.000 56.340
288 51.689 5.000 54.960
289 53.405 5.000 53.405
290 54.960 5.000 51.689
291 56.340 5.000 49.829
292 57.531 5.000 47.843
293 58.521 5.000 45.750
294 59.301 5.000 43.569
295 59.864 5.000 41.323
296 60.203 5.000 39.032
297 44.386 .000 36.719
298 44.349 .000 35.967
299 44.239 .000 35.223
300 44.056 .000 34.493
301 43.802 .000 33.785
302 43.481 .000 33.105
303 43.094 .000 32.459
304 42.646 .000 31.855
305 42.140 .000 31.298
306 41.583 .000 30.792
307 40.979 .000 30.344
308 40.333 .000 29.957
309 39.653 .000 29.636
310 38.945 .000 29.382
311 38.215 .000 29.199
312 37.471 .000 29.089
313 36.719 .000 29.052
314 35.967 .000 29.089
315 35.223 .000 29.199
316 34.493 .000 29.382
317 33.785 .000 29.636
318 33.105 .000 29.957
319 32.459 .000 30.344
320 31.855 .000 30.792
321 31.298 .000 31.298
322 30.792 .000 31.855
323 30.344 .000 32.459
324 29.957 .000 33.105
325 29.636 .000 33.785
326 29.382 .000 34.493
327 29.199 .000 35.223
328 29.089 .000 35.967
329 29.052 .000 36.719
330 29.089 .000 37.471
331 29.199 .000 38.215
332 29.382 .000 38.945
333 29.636 .000 39.653
334 29.957 .000 40.333
335 30.344 .000 40.979
336 30.792 .000 41.583
337 31.298 .000 42.140
338 31.855 .000 42.646
339 32.459 .000 43.094
340 33.105 .000 43.481
341 33.785 .000 43.802
 342 34.493 .000 44.056
343 35.223 .000 44.239
344 35.967 .000 44.349
345 36.719 .000 44.386
346 37.471 .000 44.349
347 38.215 .000 44.239
348 38.945 .000 44.056
349 39.653 .000 43.802
350 40.333 .000 43.481
351 40.979 .000 43.094
352 41.583 .000 42.646
353 42.140 .000 42.140
354 42.646 .000 41.583
355 43.094 .000 40.979
356 43.481 .000 40.333
357 43.802 .000 39.653
358 44.056 .000 38.945
359 44.239 .000 38.215
360 44.349 .000 37.471
361 42.140 -5.500 31.298
362 31.298 -5.500 31.298
363 31.298 -5.500 42.140
364 42.140 -5.500 42.140
365 66.568 .000 12.345
366 66.568 .000 2.916
367 59.372 .000 2.666
368 14.066 .000 2.666
369 6.870 .000 2.916
370 6.870 .000 12.345
371 6.870 .000 61.093
372 6.870 .000 70.522
373 14.066 .000 70.522
374 59.372 .000 70.522
375 66.568 .000 70.522
376 66.568 .000 61.093
377 66.568 -5.500 12.345
378 66.568 -5.500 2.916
379 59.372 -5.500 2.666
380 14.066 -5.500 2.666
381 6.870 -5.500 2.916
382 6.870 -5.500 12.345
383 6.870 -5.500 61.093
384 6.870 -5.500 70.522
385 14.066 -5.500 70.522
386 59.372 -5.500 70.522
387 66.568 -5.500 70.522
388 66.568 -5.500 61.093
MEMBER INCIDENCES
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427 123 59
428 127 63
429 301 133
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433 333 165
434 341 173
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436 357 189
437 133 69
438 141 77
439 149 85
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442 173 109
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444 189 125
445 69 5
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447 85 21
448 93 29
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450 109 45
451 117 53
452 125 61
453 66 2
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473 106 42
474 108 44
475 110 46
476 112 48
477 114 50
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479 118 54
480 120 56
481 122 58
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483 126 62
484 128 64
485 297 129
486 313 145
487 329 161
488 345 177
489 129 65
490 145 81
491 161 97
492 177 113
 493 65 1
494 81 17
495 97 33
496 113 49
497 305 137
498 321 153
499 337 169
500 353 185
501 137 73
502 153 89
503 169 105
504 185 121
505 73 9
506 89 25
507 105 41
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529 8 365
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MEMBER PROPERTY INDIAN
1 TO 64 PRI YD .9 ZD .6
65 TO 128 PRI YD .9 ZD .750
129 TO 192 PRI YD .9 ZD .600
209 TO 224 PRI YD 1.2 ZD .450
225 TO 232 PRI YD .600 ZD .300
249 TO 312 PRI YD .900 ZD .600
193 198 201 206 PRI YD .500 ZD .300
194 TO 197 199 200 202 TO 205 207 208 PRI YD .800 ZD .300
233 TO 248 PRI YD 1.200 ZD .450
313 TO 376 PRI YD .900 ZD .600
377 TO 380 PRI YD .600
381 TO 396 PRI YD .900 ZD .300
429 TO 436 485 TO 488 497 TO 500 PRI YD .900 ZD .300
437 TO 442 444 TO 452 489 TO 496 501 TO 508 PRI YD .900 ZD .300
443 PRI YD .900 ZD .300
397 TO 399 401 TO 403 405 TO 407 409 TO 411 PRI YD .800 ZD .300
453 TO 484 PRI YD .800 ZD .300
413 TO 415 417 TO 419 421 TO 423 425 TO 427 PRI YD .800 ZD .300
523 TO 526 539 541 TO 543 PRI YD .900 ZD .300
529 TO 534 536 TO 538 546 TO 548 PRI YD .800 ZD .300
511 512 517 518 PRI YD .300 ZD .600
515 520 PRI YD .600 ZD .300
514 PRI YD .600 ZD .300
509 PRI YD .600 ZD .300
510 PRI YD .800 ZD .300
513 516 519 PRI YD .800 ZD .300
521 522 527 528 535 540 544 545 PRI YD .900 ZD .300
400 404 408 412 416 420 424 428 PRI YD .900 ZD .300
CONSTANT
E CONCRETE ALL
DENSITY CONCRETE ALL
POISSON CONCRETE ALL
SUPPORT
193 TO 232 FIXED
377 TO 380 FIXED
364 381 TO 388 FIXED
361 TO 363 FIXED
*DEFINE WIND LOAD
*TYPE 1
*INT 0. 1.1 HEI -4.5 20.
*EXPOSURE 1. YR -5. 20.5
*LOAD 1 WIND LOAD IN Z
*WIND LOAD Z 1. TYPE 1
LOAD 1 DL SHELL
MEMBER LOAD
249 TO 312 UNI GY -24.
LOAD 2 SELF
SELFWEIGHT Y -1.
LOAD 3 DL LL FF SLAB
MEMBER LOAD
1 TO 64 UNI GY -7.02881
65 TO 128 UNI GY -11.5651
129 TO 192 UNI GY -7.2621
313 TO 376 UNI GY -2.68
413 TO 428 UNI GY -24.9444
453 TO 484 UNI GY -24.9444
445 TO 452 UNI GY -24.9444
429 TO 437 UNI GY -18.28
437 TO 444 UNI GY -27.90
381 TO 396 UNI GY -18.28
397 TO 412 UNI GY -27.9
499 501 490 502 491 503 492 504 489 UNI GY -27.9
496 508 493 505 507 495 506 494 UNI GY -24.9444
485 497 486 498 487 499 488 500 UNI GY -18.28
521 TO 528 539 TO 545 535 UNI GY -7.2621
529 TO 534 536 TO 538 546 TO 548 UNI GY -14.4
LOAD COMB 4 DL SHELL + SELF + DL LL FF SLAB
1 1.5 2 1.5 3 1.5
PERFORM ANALYSIS PRINT ALL
LOAD LIST ALL
PRINT ANALYSIS RESULTS
PRINT MEMBER FORCES ALL
PRINT SUPPORT REACTIONS
FINISH

Modeling with AutoCAD:

The space frame structure of the building was also modeled in AutoCAD for better CAD facilities provided with the
software. The drawings in *.DXF format were then imported in STAAD software, where additional properties were
applied to CAD model of the structures. The properties applied to the imported CAD drawing are as follows:

1. Sectional properties
2. Support conditions
3. Material Properties
4. Loading conditions

Loading units were taken as per IS codes as follows:

unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m3

unit weight of 200 mm thick solid concrete block wall = 24 kN/m3

floor finish = 1 kN/m2

Live load at floor = 3.5 kN/m2

Live load at roof level = 1.5 kN/m2

 2. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

Structure was analyzed for self-weight, live load, wind load and seismic loads. Analysis was performed in
STAAD-III. Details of analysis are as follows:

Wind Load Analysis:

For wind load analysis all data is taken from Indian standard code : IS – 875 (Part – 3) – 1987

Design Wind Speed = Vb * k1 * k2 * k3

Where;
Vb = Basic wind speed in m / s
k1 = risk coefficient = .91
k2 = THS Factor = 1.02
k3 = Topography Factor = 1
Vb = 44 m / s for Hyderabad

Terrain Category : 2 (open terrain with scattered obstructions of height between 1.5m to 10m)

Class of Building : B (structures having maximum dimensions between 20m to 40m)

Wind intensities:
Design Wind Pressure = 0.6 * Vz2

Exposure Factor At all Joints = 1

Wind load intensity at 1st Floor = 1.0008 kN / m2

The wind load on the building shall be calculated for the building as a whole.
Wind Load on the Building = Cf * Ae * Pd
Where;
Cf = Force Coefficient
Ae = Effective Frontal Area
Pd = Design Wind Pressure

The value of Cf = 0.5 from Table – 23 of IS: 875 (Part – 3) for buildings of circular shape.

Wind Load at each floor is distributed among the columns at that floor accordingly their relative stiffness.

Seismic Load Analysis:

The Structure is analyzed as an equivalent static approach employing the use of a Seismic Coefficient method.

Terminology:
Basic Seismic Coefficient (a0)
To give the basic design acceleration as a fraction of the acceleration due to gravity

Importance Factor (I)

To modify the basic seismic coefficient and seismic zone factor, depending upon the importance of structure

Soil Foundation System Factor (ß)

To modify the a0 and seismic zone factor, depending upon soil foundation system.

Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient (a h)

Seismic coefficient taken for design
 Earthquake Zone (Hyderabad) : Zone II
Basic Horizontal Seismic Coefficient (a0) : 0.01
Coefficient depends upon soil foundation system (ß) (Hard Soil) : 1.0
Importance Factor (I) : 1.5
Design Value of Horizontal Seismic Coefficient,

a h = ß * I * a0 = 0.015

Base Shear Calculations:

The Base Shear is given by,

Vb = K * C * a h * W
Where K = Performance Factor according to structural framing system = 1
C = Coefficient defining the flexibility of structure (depends upon the no. of storey in structure) = 0.75
a h = Design Seismic Coefficient
W = Total DL + 25 % of LL

Calculating base shear,

Vb = K * C * ah * W
= 1 * 0.62 * 0.04 *1947.2
= 482.9152 KN

• Load Distribution:
The distribution of base shear along with the height of the building is given by,
Qi = Vb * (Wi * hi2) / S (Wi * hi2)

Nodal forces and seismic shear forces at various floor levels

Floor Qi Vi

1 391.7677 482.9151

2 91.1473 91.1473
Possible Load Combinations:
(Dead Load + Live Load + Wind Load) * FoS
(Dead Load + Live Load) * FoS
(Dead Load + Live Load + Earthquake Load) * FoS

For 1st case FoS will be 1.5 and for the rest of the case FoS will be 1.2 as per IS – 456

Analysis results:
Structure was analyzed in STAAD.
SF and BM Diagrams as produced by STAAD

Bending Moment Diagram (isometric view) in STAAD

Shear Force Diagram (isometric view) in STAAD

SF and BM diagrams of beam B1 in STAAD

Deflection Diagrams

Simulation under deflection

Failure zones in the structure

Green – safe zone

Yellow – moderate failure zone
Red – extreme failure zone
Analysis result data:
Shear force, bending moments, axial loads ( for columns) and torsion are calculated for each element.
 3. Structural Design

All the members (beams, columns, footings) except slab were designed on a structural design
package developed by our own team of students. The package has been tested with real-time
problems and gives perfectly reliable results. Slab design was performed on STAAD.

Design of beam B1

Alternate design of beam B1

Design of beam B2

Design of ring beam RB3

Ring beam RB3 has been designed manually. All the design calculations were done in a
MATLAB script file, which is as follows.
After running script file in MATLAB editor, the outputs are as follows.

Designed cross-section of RB3:

Provide section = 700 x 900 mm
Provide 6 nos. – 28 mm diameter bars.

Design of columns:

design of column C2
Design of column C3

Footing design for columns:

Footing Design for C4

FOOD-
FOOD-COURT FOR INFOSYS SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY PARK, Hyderabad

Design of slab (1st floor)

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