Distortion in “Transformer Cores Part IV.—REVISED DESIGN TECHNIQUE TO MINIMISE HARMONIC DISTORTION BYN: Pari B.Se.(Eng)AMLBE, [—————— ay YHE nature and extent of har dali, siformer tor tow tonic distortion in push-pull g00d"" magneto materiel forthe | fut iraformers hasbeen examcead | coe. talent | in detail in earlier instalments. This fence aad Vio | eticle, the last of the series, will be | (manufactured ie and Elec trical Alloys, Wembley) as | devoted to the consideration of way ‘gar. siarting’ point. “An oncllgyrams cand means of heeping this distortion | Swisg the nr coir: | went stortion produced about Silcor _ 2, The final require: ment is a cuve connecting indoe tance with fax den: ty. Such a curve s contained in Fig 23, but for com Plcteness its repo Suced here in Fig, 28. Having faxed upon the core material, ‘the Second sep ig to consider Row best it may be used. One could design transformer in the conventional mabacr and claim an improveneat by vitae of by. this alloy x density of G80 liste pet produced Sn galenla- “the better core. "But there would cil Ce all densities must be of or two rath ing erietnne wucentosciograms at For ‘one thing, the iairiats desertion yen in Fig. 24 would be high.” As ean be sen from Fig, Saal rave. form shown = These The Wins Word, July 98 193 Fig. 24-—The, cectogiine (Ghieatdowtion vans with ar decly Mt tee of Mie. Bn the vale of ie peak Bax daly ia nee per ag ne ours ssid ie Segara wih gs show ow the hr wiih ane tame ondJULY igth, 1939. Gf Ditonto ts raters Cores 645, appréiable distortion occurs at quite Sow densities and itis only the somewhat . 8) 4 fortuitous. circuit conditions () that ‘the tapifcmner in itselé could be made ‘Sitoltioles apart from the extemal ut Again, 2 small oatotcbalance be- {heancde curents ofthe two push Ball lives will be sulfclent (upset all ‘he eletlaions. And there is sl the le," matte of frequency modulation ‘Which depends upon the external circu By keep tte working distortion within reason 1able limits, Tt would be more satisfying P > Iofeacetion. 1s ai extfemely ‘simple device Dysfhost of the tibubles and worsies ‘above cam be substantially IF That is by patting a suitable ait the magnetic ecu. Gaps have erage Sree ote oe Beyonce ee seagrass bt Seer Sah omer ieneraeae ‘pate med ih Fg lh chew be Wi ria ‘gap, which is proportional to the Gux de ensues tetas Se ie oa Se eer es rere See vee Fens forthe Vicor and the ea eeaets ieee ss a rma oe es car sae Se nr Sata Sarees ceeran ats erin amtss a eee socs omer es cena aa ee Ss aaa =e oc matin Soo ae Ane roan eit ee Seite curate paions eet eoet ear ly reduced by question of harinosic distortion. a shas occurred here, too... The’ curves Fig: 25 give the distortion ag 3 ‘of the fondamental ‘The air gap has in- ‘eased the fundamestal withost altering, the magnitude of the jarmobic:durents, “and; thetefore, these atmgnis: wil be Speccentage ‘when se at tbetsogmented Rated PA tea 6 aad Slo tn er "Table Y.ahows an ‘approximate method fesiesty ts adoclnce and datctgn carve athe conte ne conntng Ms Lr gap- Column 5 contains ciel dens to wick ere five magnetsing coments taken by the ‘Viorsréssonm column ‘Fhese ures Megs GUAR by top the Vicor Sth uta gap. The third colin indicates the ‘tortion igus jn the case ofthe particular B. chosen forthe a Es Because the basic’ distortion (x) has ‘been reduced to less than one-third original value it rust not be assumed that ~ Fi. af) dows the relation Fi “eal aad arrest int sprecsinnt fo ue yao ioe frmation a the eae of paped Cae. ‘nant propene o, fo the erent 7 erepsding ince oni? parrrate aaciet sate feat ie Geno Eee, deta J soy en Seacrest Bin bee coe int mek Cees athe oe es ee fee ace et ae ce Se oper i eal mee eaten Pee iheabt escheat A metentgregtemn are ners She De rl 20 en ars meet ran ee eae wee, yet ae er gu ul tl fae the intae distortion and mabe the former bebave as thowgh it were alr mitode ot ian the oe te in 3 ore; tom have to be wound ‘pimity fn order to kee the adel le pa2 aatoton fn Transformer Coes find obviouély the wire gauge caniot be smaller than that which will safely carry fhe curent. Also the DC resistance of the Winding must not be permitted to reach too high a value" leakage in- ble of tions, and ths lit the num Riaz that ead be emloyen ‘With view to showitg the type of re- salt that ean be obtained wth Vogel Se gp tei, «andor mas Suton a shin stack of No 4 sey ings to ‘operate with two DAgo faves f- las-A push-pull. ‘The harmonic dstors son given by’ this transformer af go c/s 3 BS inlie Pe 2 The shold be i ebpared with Fig: a, which give stat s-.data relating toa well-designed trans “© former with core of Slcor 2" Note that the Partridge Distortion Index for the Tater ‘was 0.5 percent, whereas the "gapped Vio edu his gre toa pet “Ail the examples $0 far have the No Stamping The ceason for Une that it 8's very popaiar stamping "and Serves fo ie purpose of ostaten & sell 8S try oer.” ‘Bot the No. landaations ie not ocesaily the moet satable ones for tudiolrequency tanetormer:dodgn, Grater ton detok weld Seay Sane “tage and so would be's gh resaeted : The forme makes it pose let work ata lower fx deny ood the latter eds inthe Teducton of lenge ince “The No” so suming Qe netic & Elececal Alloys, LAG) ia veo) fed one |The imeions ot Bath the and the No. s6 stampings are shown fy ie in Fig! 0 for coparaone ‘be reduced to as low a value as oné wishes. ( air gap wil be possible without jeopa ing’ the bass response extemal circuit conditions, such a trans ‘nesstnce Wires Wate ae Sot Part Ll"Jene 2oth hue sd lio -Baapraph of thar ‘A lange core section with ample window pethape facet pool te vintage pene EMP Smith a"vey high inductance and'a lange such iat the sone ‘apily fom the lowest au “The inti ds- - ‘Sasound 0 or boo {orton wil, by. this means, be made ex-- ths Was per eos tx no maiter what the” contained fad fond asthe nas —The Eft of fot torte of a per Cnt, means tha ic’ ‘ge ofthe seventh harmonie (350 ¢/s) is ° ion, ‘Wireless ‘World former would not produce harmon di tortion. "Bat theory and practice do not collaborate hameniosly fn this The larger the transformer the more df. cal it Becomes to preerve the high-fe- ‘queney response, Also, owing 1 the shape of the distortion curves in Fig. 5 and Fig. 25, it requies « very comics able reduction in the fx deny to brag About any’ worth while improverent ihe tenelgmer dtorn, eign of 2 good output trans. formers beset with conctng Nedra. The final soluon must be 2 compromise and the best design ix that which gees vwellconsdered belance of evils. Thane pleasantness resting tom the less of fop, the iron distorton, ete, should ll be approximately equals judged by the car..'A supetb frequency reponse ‘of zo avail i harmon distortion ts high dlstortionless core ls wasted if all the high frequencies aze atenuated, To achicee such a balance requires not only technical Enovlege but a wide praca! expe Conetuston it on a: akin weet tak rn Se tomtin Tene a ale eas SSP et et nee oe Serra ea ie en mee Sol eae 8 ie Soren ot nary by otic Su beats Aseet ewe mae tales 0 SH Sete mens troy ga pare 50 «8 note ca" cound af This ‘lt: JOLY 13th, 1939. 4 per cent. ‘of that of thie fundamental (50 c/s). In other words, the seventh ‘harmonic is 34 db below the level of the 1 7 dh he vy the a noes spproxinately 34 db between Bhd 0 c/s. Heat the harmon wt Sound tothe ear as thoagh i were 700 Pet gat One Bot care, aig at the sensitivity of the loud speatar the satme at both Gequencien, Tit happens fo be greater at 350 ep. then he bo dion ffeven were its full rated outpat ‘of value equal to the, ‘nominal secondary load, 2 pesance i sie wh the ‘mains as the source. of “power. Tis shame stones al poy of van Glistortion masking the transformer distr- ‘and avoids the risk of polarisation,