A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF MICROFUNGI IN

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PAHANG (CAPITAL, Arial 14)

AMINAH BINTI ABDULLAH (2009101020)

AMRAN BIN ABU BAKAR (2007101011)
SARIAH BINTI YAHAYA (2007112231) (CAPITAL,Arial 14)

DIPLOMA IN SCIENCE (CAPITAL, Arial 14)

FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

SEPTEMBER 2013 (CAPITAL,Arial 14)

 A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF MACROFUNGI IN UNIVERSITI
TEKNOLOGI MARA PAHANG (CAPITAL ARIAL/TNR 12)

AMINAH BINTI ABDULLAH (2009101020)

AMRAN BIN ABU BAKAR (2007101011)
SARIAH BINTI YAHAYA (2007112231) (CAPITAL ARIAL/TNR 12)

Mini Project Report Submitted in (ARIAL/TNR 12)

Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Diploma in Science
in the Faculty of Applied Sciences
Universiti Teknologi MARA

SEPTEMBER 2013
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the thesis is based on our original work except for quotations

and citations which have been duly acknowledged. We also declare that it has not

been previously or concurrently submitted for any other report at Universiti Teknologi

MARA or other institutions. (TNR, DOUBLE SPACING)

___________________
Aminah Binti Abdullah (YOUR NAME)

___________________
Amran Bin Abu Bakar

___________________
Sariah Binti Yahaya
This Final Year Project Report entitled “A Preliminary Study of Microfungi in
Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang” was submitted by Aminah Binti Abdullah
(2009101020), Amran Bin Abu Bakar (2007101011), and Sariah Binti Yahaya
(2007112231), in partial fulfillment for the Diploma in Science, in the Faculty of
Applied Science, and was approved by (SINGLE SPACING, TNR, 12)

_________________________
Sarina Binti Hashim
Supervisor
Faculty of Applied Sciences
Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perak,
Kampus Tapah

(if you have co-supervisor)

_________________________
Wan Siti Atikah binti Wan Omar
Co-Supervisor
Faculty of Applied Sciences
Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perak,
Kampus Tapah

_________________________
Dr Hasnun Nita Ismail
Ketua Fakulti Sains Gunaan
Faculty of Applied Sciences
Universiti Teknologi MARA
Cawangan Perak, Kampus Tapah

Date: __________________
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Upon completion of this project, we would like to express our gratitude to many

parties. Our heartful thanks to ………… ……… …………… …………… ………

……… ………… …………………… ………………… …… ……………………

…………… ……………………… ……………… ………………

…………………………… ……………………… …………… ……………………

………………… …….. grateful appreciated. Our gratitude also goes to FRIM

mycologists for their help in identifying tha macrofungi specimens.

Aminah Binti Abdullah

Amran Bin Abu Bakar
Sariah Binti Yahaya

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

DECLARATION iii
APPROVAL SHEET iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES viii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ix
ABSTRACT x
ABSTRAK xi

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Significance of study 1
1.3 Objective of study 2

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Diversity of Kingdom Fungi 3
2.2 Characteristics of fungi 5
2.2.1 Body structure 5
2.2.2 Mode of nutrition 6
2.3 Life cycle of fungi 9
2.4 Importance of fungi 11

CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 Collecting macrofungi 15
3.2 Species identification 15
3.2.1 Morphological study 16
3.2.2 Anatomical study 17

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Classification of Microfungi 20
4.2 Group of Fungi 23
4.2.1 Gill mushrooms 24
4.2.1 Boletes 29
4.2.3 Puffballs and earthballs 34
4.3 Macrofungi and the environment 47

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 50

REFERENCES 51
APPENDICES 57
CURRICULUM VITAE 60

vi
 LIST OF TABLES

Table Caption Page

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Caption Page

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vii
 2.2 Bbbbbb bbbbbbb bbbbbbb 6
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4.4 Gggggggg ggggg gggggg gggggg ggg ggggg 31

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

UiTM : Universiti Teknologi MARA

UiTMPFR : Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang Forest Reserve

FRIM : Forest Research Institute Malaysia

viii
 ABSTRACT

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF MACROFUNGI IN UNIVERSITI

TEKNOLOGI MARA PAHANG

Fungi are among the most important organisms because of their vital roles in
ecosystem functions. Different kinds of macrofungi have been recognized for
thousands of years, but no study on macrofungi has been recorded in Universiti
Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Pahang. The objectives of this preliminary study are to
identify and to document the macrofungi collected around UiTM Pahang. Studies
were conducted………………… …………………………………… ………………
………………… …………… ……………………… ……………………

ix
………………… ………… ……………………………… ……… ……………
……………… …………… …… …………………… (TNR, 12, SINGLE
SPACING)

ABSTRAK

KAJIAN AWAL MAKROFUNGI DI UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

PAHANG

Fungi adalah organisma yang sangat penting kerana peranan utamanya dalam fungsi-
fungsi ekosistem. Pelbagai jenis makrofungi telah dikenalpasti sejak sekian lama,
tetapi tiada kajian berkenaan direkodkan di Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)
Pahang. Objektif kajian awal ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti dan mendokumenkan
macrofungi yang berjaya dikumpulkan di sekitar UiTM Pahang. Kajian ini telah
dijalankan………………… …………………………………… ………………

x
………………… …………… ……………………… ……………………
………………… ………… ……………………………… ……… ……………
……………… …………… …… …………………… (TNR, 12, SINGLE
SPACING)

xi
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

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bbbbbbbbbbbb. (TNR, 12, DOUBLE SPACING)

1.2 Significance of the study

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1
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1.3 Objectives of the study

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2
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Diversity of Kingdom Fungi

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3
2.2 Characteristics of fungi

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2.2.1 Body structure

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shown in Table 2.2. Bbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbb (Mueller et al., 2004).

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4
 Table 2.2: Bbbbbb bbbbbbb bbbbbbb

2.2.2 Mode of nutrition

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5
 REFERENCES

McKnight, K.H. & McKnight, V.B. (1987). Peterson field guides – mushrooms. USA:
Houghton Mifflin Company.

Mueller, G.M., Bills, G.F., & Foster, M.S. (2004). Biodiversity of Fungi: Inventory
and monitoring methods. United Kingdom: Elsevier Inc.

Pegler, D.N. (1997). The larger Fungi of Borneo. Sabah: Natural History Publications
(Borneo) Sdn. Bhd.

Rayner, R. (1979). Hamlyn nature guides – mushrooms and toadstools. London: The
Hamlyn Publishing Group limited.

Salmiah, U., & Thillainathan, P. (1998). Some common macrofungi in Malaysia.

FRIM Technical Information, 64, 1-4.

Smith, A.H., Smith, H.V., & Weber, N.S. (1979). How to know the gilled mushrooms.
USA: Wm. C. Brown Company.

6
 APPENDICES

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7
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Photo
A. Personal

Ful name: _______________________________________

Student No.: _______________________________________

Birth date: _______________________________________

Citizenship: _______________________________________

Place of birth: _______________________________________

Gender: _______________________________________

Address: _______________________________________

Telephone no.: _______________________________________

E-mail address: _______________________________________

B. Academic qualifications

1. ___________________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________________________

C. Related experiences

1. ___________________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________________________