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USCS Unified Soil Classification System

Prepared by: Mohammad.Almasoud@g.AustinCC.edu


The classification system can be applied to most unconsolidated materials, and is represented by a two-letter symbol.
Each letter is described below (with the exception of Pt):
First letter Second letter
Letter Definition Letter Definition
G gravel Graduation symbols
S sand P poorly graded (uniform particle sizes)
M silt W well-graded (diversified particle sizes)
C Clay (Liquid limit symbols)
O organic H high plasticity LL > 50
Pt Peat & organic L low plasticity LL < 50
If the soil has 5–12% by weight of fines passing a #200 sieve (5% < P#200 < 12%), both grain size distribution and
plasticity have a significant effect on the engineering properties of the soil, and dual notation may be used for the group
symbol. For example, GW-GM corresponds to "well-graded gravel with silt."
If the soil has more than 15% by weight retained on a #4 sieve (R#4 > 15%), there is a significant amount of gravel, and
the suffix "with gravel" may be added to the group name, but the group symbol does not change. For example, SP-SM
could refer to "poorly graded SAND with silt" or "poorly graded SAND with silt and gravel."
ASTM D-2487
Soil Classification
Criteria for Assigning Group Symbols and Group Names Using Laboratory Tests Group
Symbol
Group Name

Gravels Gravels
Cu ≥ 4 and 1 ≤ Cc ≤ 3 GW Well-graded gravel
More than with Less
COARSE- 50% of than 5% Poorly graded
Cu < 4 and/or 1 > Cc > 3 GP
GRAINED coarse fines gravel
SOILS retained Gravels
PI < 4 or plots below "A" line GM Silty Gravel
More on # 4 with More
Sieve
than 50% (4.75 mm) than 12% PI > 7 and plots on or above "A" line GC Clayey gravel
fines
retained
Sands 50% Sands with Cu ≥ 6 and 1 ≤ Cc ≤ 3 SW Well-graded sand
on #200 Less than
or more of
Sieve coarse 5% fines Cu < 6 and/or 1 > Cc > 3 SP Poorly graded sand
(0.075 mm) passes # 4 Sands with PI < 4 or plots below "A" line SM Silty sand
Sieve More than
(4.75 mm) 12% fines PI > 7 and plots on or above "A" line SC Clayey sand
PI > 7 and plots on or above "A" line CL Lean clay
FINE- Silts and Clays inorganic
PI < 4 and plots below "A" line ML Silt
GRAINED with Liquid limit
𝑳𝒊𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒅 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕 − 𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒅 OL Organic clay
less than 50 organic < 0.75 OL zone
SOILS 50% or 𝑳𝒊𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒅 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕 − 𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒅
OL Organic silt
more passes
PI plots on or above "A" line CH Fat clay
the #200 Silts and Clays inorganic
PI plots below "A" line MH Elastic silt
Sieve (0.074 with Liquid limit
𝑳𝒊𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒅 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕 − 𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒅 OH Organic clay
mm) 50 or more Organic 𝑳𝒊𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒅 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕 − 𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒅 < 0.75 OH zone
OH Organic silt
HIGHLY ORGANIC SOILS Primarily organic matter, dark in color, and organic odor PT Peat

Gravels with 5 to 12% fine require dual symbols GW-GM, GW-GC, GP-GM, GP-GC.
sands with 5 to 12% fines require dual symbols SW-SM, SW-SC, SP-SM, SP-SC.
If 4 ≤ PI ≤ 7 and plots in the hatched area use dual symbol CL-ML
𝑫𝟔𝟎 𝑫𝟑𝟎 𝟐
Coefficient of Uniformity 𝑪𝒖 = Coefficient of Curvature 𝑪𝒄 =
𝑫𝟏𝟎 𝑫𝟔𝟎 𝑿 𝑫𝟏𝟎

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