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1. What is questionnaire?

Questionnaires is a method used to collect standardized data from large numbers of people -i.e. the
same information is collected in the same way. Questionnaires consist of the set of questions that
are used to collect data in a statistical form. List of a survey questions are asked to respondents
and are designed to extract specific information. It serves four basic purposes: to (1) collect
the appropriate data, (2) make data comparable and amenable to analysis, (3) minimize
bias in formulating and asking question, and (4) to make questions engaging and varied.
These are usually used to get a standardized answer rather than a specific answer seen in other
questionnaire types of statistical data collection.

Advantages of questionnaire?

1. Practical
2. Large amounts of information can be collected from a large number of people in a short
period of time and in a relatively cost effective way
3. Can be carried out by the researcher or by any number of people with limited affect to its
validity and reliability
4. The results of the questionnaires can usually be quickly and easily quantified by either a
researcher or through the use of a software package
5. Can be analyzed more 'scientifically' and objectively than other forms of research
6. When data has been quantified, it can be used to compare and contrast other research and
may be used to measure change
7. Very cost effective compared to face to face interviews
8. Very familiar with people almost everyone has completed one so no guidance needed.
9. They are simple and quick for the respondent to complete
Disadvantages of questionnaire?

1. It is inadequate to understand some forms of information - i.e. changes of emotions,

behavior, feelings etc.
2. Limited amount of information without explanation
3. Lacks validity
4. There is no way to tell how truthful a respondent is being
5. There is no way of telling how much thought a respondent has put in
6. People may read questions differently and therefore reply based on their own interpretations-
i.e. what is 'good' to someone may be 'bad' to someone else.
7. Some people may not be willing to answer the questions. They might not wish to reveal the
information or they might think that they will not benefit from responding.
 Essentials of Questionnaire?

Unit 2:

Definition of research?

Research is an attempt to find answer to the problems both practically and

theoretically, through the applications of scientific methods. Research is a
continuous process. It plays two imp roles firstly it adds to the existing knowledge
and secondly it helps to solve any complex problems.

Significance of Research?

To Gather Necessary Information

Research provides you with all necessary information in field of your work, study or operation before you begin
working on it. For example, most companies do research before beginning a project in order to get a basic idea about
the things they will need to do for the project. Research also helps them get acquainted with the processes and
resources involved and reception from the market. This information helps in the successful outcome of the project.
Uses scientific methods:
Scientific methods are used to solve economical, business, social and political problems. Scientific methods are
usually called as puzzle solving activity.
Develops Principles:
Research is always scientific in nature. It unfolds the fact which are known to us through experiments and
observations. The knowledge thus collected is translated in principles to deal with the similar situation in future.
Purposeful Investigation:
Research is not just limited for collection of data, the scope of it is much wider. It is important to carry a purposeful
investigation into a situation.
Study Human Behaviour:
No two persons have same thinking and same behaviour, due to which the responsibility of the researcher increases.
He has to record the behaviour of both the people for future reference.
Continuous process:
Research is a continuous process. It has beginning but no end.
Conducts Observation and Experimentation:
Research starts with observation of information and putting that information into experimentation.
Ensures Practical Use:
Providing only theoretical information is just half of the research, research completes when it ensures practical use.

Limitations of research?
1. Problems of collection of data and conceptualization may occur.
2. Repetition problems.
3. Outdated and insufficient information system may cause problems.
4. Sometimes lack of resources becomes an obstacle.
5. No availability of trained researchers.
6. Absence of code of conduct.
7. Formulation of research aims and objectives. You might have formulated research aims and
objectives too broadly. You can specify in which ways the formulation of research aims and
objectives could be narrowed so that the level of focus of the study could be increased.
8. Choice of data collection method(s). Regardless of your choice of data collection method you
can always say that integrating additional methods of data collection could have increased the
scope and depth of analyses and this statement would be true.
For example, if, for a study entitled “Facebook as an effective platform for viral marketing
campaign” you have employed questionnaire primary data collection method surveying users
of Facebook social networking website, you can say that data collection method of focus group
could also be used in addition to questionnaire to get a fuller picture about the level of
effectiveness of Facebook as a viral marketing campaign platform.
9. Implementation of data collection method. Because you do not have an extensive experience
in primary data collection there is a great chance that the nature of implementation of data
collection method.
10. Scope of discussions. You can include this point as a research limitation regardless of the
choice of the research area. Because (most likely) you don’t have many years of experience of
conducing researches and producing academic papers of such a large size individually, the
scope and depth of discussions in your paper is compromised in many levels compared to the
works of experienced scholars.
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Stages in research process.

Research Process: It is also called as research methodology. It is undertaken
in order to study the research problem and to arrive at certain firm
conclusions.

It consists of certain steps which are as follows:

1. Identifying and selection of research problem.

2. Review of literature.

3. Formulation of hypothesis.

4. Research Design.

5. Designing the Questionnaire.

6. Sampling Design.

7. Collection of data.

8. Processing of data.

9. Data analysis and presentation.

10. Hypothesis testing.

11. Preparation of research report.

12. Follower of the report.