wo different JPEG decodes implementations could generate different images as output of the same compressed data. JPEG merely defines the maximum allowable deviation. Many images contain only a small portion of sharp edges: they consist mostly of areas of a single color. After applying DCT, such areas are represented by a small por- tion of high frequencies. Sharp edges, on the other hand, are represented as high fre- ‘quencies. Images of average complexity thus consist of many AC-coefficients with a valve of zero or almost zero, This means that subsequent entropy encoding can be used twachieve considerable data reduction, 7522 Quam Image processing is followed by the quantization of all DCT eveticints this isa lossy process. For ths step, the IPEG application provides table with 6 entries, one for each of the 64 DCT coefficients. This allows each of the 64 coefficients 0 be adjusted separately. The application can thus influence the relative significance of the dierent cootticients. Specific frequencies can be given more importance than others ‘depending on the characteristics of the image material to be compressed. The possible ‘compression is influenced a the expense of achievable image quality The table entries Q., are inter values coded with 8 bits. Quantization is, performed aeconding to the Formula: ation a ound Se “The greater the table entries, the coarser the quantization, Dequantization is per. formed prior to the IDCT aecording to the formula: Ry = 54.%O, ‘Quantization and dequantization must use the same tables Figure 7-12 shows a greatly enlarged detail from Figure 7-16, The blocking and the effects of quantization are clearly visible. In Figure 7-12(b) a coarser quantization was performed to highlight the edges of the 8x8 blocks,