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BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Submitted By:
Name Roll No
Name Roll No
Name Roll No
Name Roll No
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
College name
SUBMITTED TO: …………………………
Contents
Objective...................................................................................................6
Introduction..............................................................................................6
Block diagram...........................................................................................7
Working.....................................................................................................8
Literature survey.......................................................................................8
Software used...........................................................................................9
HARDWARE USED...................................................................................10
Atmega16 Microcontroller:.....................................................................11
Linear Power Supplies..........................................................................14
Linear Regulator Theory................................................................14
GPS SIM28 Module..............................................................................18
Bluetooth Module HC-05.....................................................................22
Overview..............................................................................................23
Specifications.......................................................................................24
Hardware Features............................................................................24
Software Features.............................................................................24
LM35 Temperature sensor...................................................................25
Application..............................................................................................26
Advantage...............................................................................................27
Disadvantage...........................................................................................27
Future scope...........................................................................................27
References..............................................................................................27
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project report entitled “Black box with
video recording and location tracking for train” submitted is our
original work and the report has not formed the basis for the award
of any degree, associate ship, fellowship or any other similar title.
Signature:
Name:
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled “Black box with
video recording and location tracking for train” is the bona fide work
carried out by students of “College Name” during the year 2016 in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of
B. Tech. The report has not formed the basis for the award
previously of any degree, diploma, associate ship, fellowship or any
other similar title.
THANK YOU
Signature:
Name:
Objective
The objective of the project is to design and develop a Black box with
video recording and location tracking system for the train the system
black box will be more helpful to rescue the reason of train accident
than earlier.
Introduction
The system is very useful to rescue the reason the of the train
accident. The system is equipped will with many sensors. The
temperature sensor is attached to measure the temperature of the
engine; the speed sensor is used to measure the speed of the train.
The GPS stand for global positioning system is used to know the
location of the train .A camera is installed inside the train to record
the video, the recorded video will very helpful for hijack like
activities . The loco pilot has an android phone (black box) the
phone has an app running it will display all the data given by the
sensor and the video recording also. There is call recording feature
if pilot talks to any one will record in the phone. And all the phone
data like call recording, video recording, engine temperature, fuel
sensor data will be record in the black box of the train. We are using
an android phone as black box. The black box data is very useful to
rescue the reason of the train crash. The sensors data is use full for
the loco pilot so they can sure for the train maintenance. And help to
drive safer than earlier.
Block diagram
Temperature
Sensor lm35
Bluetooth module
HC-05
Bluetooth module HC-
05
The loco pilot has android phone used as the black box
Working
Literature survey
The flight data recorder (FDR) is a device that preserves the recent
history of the flight through the recording of dozens of parameters
collected several times per second. The cockpit voice recorder
(CVR) preserves the recent history of the sounds in the cockpit
including the conversation of the pilots. The two recorders give an
accurate testimony, narrating the aircraft's flight history, to assist in
any later investigation.
The FDR and CVR may be combined in a single unit. The two
recorders are required by international regulation, overseen by the
International Civil Aviation Organization, to be capable of surviving
the conditions likely to be encountered in a severe aircraft accident.
For this reason, they are typically specified to withstand an impact of
3400 g and temperatures of over 1,000 °C (1,830 °F) as required by
EUROCAE ED-112. They have been required in commercial aircraft
in the US since 1967.
Software used
HARDWARE USED
MICROCONTROLLER ATMEGA16
POWER SUPPLY
BLUETOOTH MODULE HC-05
SPEED SENSOR
GPS MODULE
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
VIDEO CAMERA
ANDROID PHONE
Atmega16 Microcontroller:
Features
High-performance, Low-power AVR® 8-bit Microcontroller
Advanced RISC Architecture
131 Powerful Instructions Most Single-clock Cycle Execution
32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers
Fully Static Operation
Up to 16 MIPS Throughput at 16 MHz
On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier
Nonvolatile Program and Data Memories
16K Bytes of In-System Self-Programmable Flash
Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles
Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits
In-System Programming by On-chip Boot Program
True Read-While-Write Operation
512 Bytes EEPROM
Endurance: 100,000 Write/Erase Cycles
1K Byte Internal SRAM
Programming Lock for Software Security
JTAG (IEEE std. 1149.1 Compliant) Interface
Boundary-scan Capabilities According to the JTAG Standard
Extensive On-chip Debug Support
Programming of Flash, EEPROM, Fuses, and Lock Bits through the
JTAG Interface
Peripheral Features
Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescalers and Compare
Modes
One 16-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler, Compare Mode,
and Capture
Mode
Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator
Four PWM Channels
8-channel, 10-bit ADC
8 Single-ended Channels
7 Differential Channels in TQFP Package Only
2 Differential Channels with Programmable Gain at 1x, 10x, or 200x
Byte-oriented Two-wire Serial Interface
Programmable Serial USART
Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface
Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator
On-chip Analog Comparator
Special Microcontroller Features
Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection
Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator
External and Internal Interrupt Sources
Six Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-
down, Standby and Extended Standby
I/O and Packages
32 Programmable I/O Lines
40-pin PDIP, 44-lead TQFP, and 44-pad MLF
Operating Voltages
2.7 - 5.5V for ATmega16L
4.5 - 5.5V for ATmega16
Speed Grades
0 - 8 MHz for ATmega16L
0 - 16 MHz for ATmega16
Power Consumption @ 1 MHz, 3V, and 25°C for ATmega16L
Active: 1.1 mA
Idle Mode: 0.35 mA
Power-down Mode: < 1 μA
Transient Response
The response of linear power supplies to line and load transients are
better their switching counterparts because the linear supply does
not have a switching frequency to limit the bandwidth. In linear
supplies, the regulation bandwidth is typically limited by parasitic
device elements.
The weight and size of the linear power supply is the major
disadvantage. AC/DC conversion is done at low frequencies and
therefore the transformer must be large to keep the core from
saturating. This factor, along with efficiency to be discussed next, is
the main reason why linear power supplies have limited use today.
For example, a 500W linear power supply might weigh about 50
pounds and occupy a desktop. Whereas a 500W switching supply
might weight less than 10 pounds and sits on a small part of the
desktop.
Efficiency
Summary
Mechanical data
•Dimensions: 16*12.2*2.4mm
•Weight: 1g
Features
•Support EASYTM self-generated orbit prediction
•Support AGPS
MSAS)
Interfaces
•Serial interfaces:
•Digital I/O:
EINT0 input
GPIO
Pulse-pre-second (PPS)
•Protocols
NMEA
PMTK
Support product
•Receiver type
SIM28_Hardware Design_V1.02
Introduction
This document describes the hardware interface of the SIMCOM
module SIM28 which can be used as a standalone or A-GPS Assisted
Global Positioning System receiver. As a wide range of applications
can be integrated in SIM28, all functional components of SIM28 are
described in great detail.
SIM28 Overview
Key Features
Functional Diagram:
Bluetooth Module HC-05
Specifications
Hardware Features
PIO control
Software Features
Description:
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature
sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius
(Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage over
linear temperature sensors calibrated in ˚ Kelvin, as the user is not
required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to
obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require
any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of
±1⁄4˚C at room temperature and ±3⁄4˚C over a full −55 to +150˚C
temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and calibration
at the wafer level. The LM35’s low output impedance, linear output,
and precise inherent calibration make interfacing to readout or
control circuitry especially easy. It can be used with single power
supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. As it draws only 60 µA
from its supply, it has very low self-heating, less than 0.1˚C in still air.
The LM35 is rated to operate over a −55˚ to +150˚C temperature
range, while the LM35C is rated for a −40˚ to +110˚C range (−10˚
with improved accuracy). The LM35 series is available packaged in
hermetic TO-46 transistor packages, while the LM35C, LM35CA, and
LM35D are also available in the plastic TO-92 transistor package.
The LM35D is also available in an 8-lead surface mount small outline
package and a plastic TO-220 package.
Features
Calibrated directly in ˚ Celsius (Centigrade)
Linear + 10.0 mV/˚C scale factor
0.5˚C accuracy guarantee able (at +25˚C) n Rated for full −55˚ to
+150˚C range
Suitable for remote applications
Low cost due to wafer-level trimming
Operates from 4 to 30 volts
Less than 60 µA current drain n Low self-heating, 0.08˚C in still
air
Nonlinearity only ±1⁄4˚C typical
Low impedance output, 0.1 Ω for 1 mA load
Application
The system is very use full for the rescue of the train crash .
It is easy to implement and reliable method.
It makes the driving train safer than earlier for the loco pilot.
It enhances the security of the train.
Disadvantage
The electronic system has limitation the component may be fail due
internal or expected problems.
The SMD component of the system sensitive to EDS.
Future scope
References