Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Page
i
3.3 Design Requirements to Achieve EQA Effluent Standards 30
3.3.1 Purpose of Design Requirements 30
3.3.2 Design Values 30
3.4 Sewage Pollutants Removal 31
3.4.1 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 31
3.4.2 Total Suspended Solid (TSS) 32
3.4.3 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 32
3.4.4 Oil and Grease (O&G) 32
3.4.5 Nitrogenous Compound 33
3.4.6 Phosphorus Compound 33
3.5 Sludge Characteristics and Treatment Requirements 34
ii
4.5 Mechanical and Electrical Requirements 53
4.5.1 Mechanical Installation 53
4.5.2 Vibration 54
4.5.3 Noise 54
4.5.4 Safety Around Equipment 55
4.5.5 Motors, Controllers and Motor Starters 55
4.5.6 Power Supply Systems 57
4.5.7 Back-up Generator 58
4.5.8 Switchgear and Control Gear Assemblies 59
4.5.9 Control Cabinets 60
4.5.10 Control Requirements 62
4.5.11 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition 64
Systems (SCADA)
4.5.12 Early Warning System (EWS) 65
4.5.13 Instrumentation 65
4.5.14 Cables and Cabling Installation 67
4.5.15 Earthing and Lightning Protection 68
4.5.16 General Purpose Power 69
4.5.17 Manuals, Drawings and Labelling 69
4.5.18 Hazardous Areas 70
4.6 Material Requirements for STP Structures and Installations 70
4.6.1 Concrete and Reinforcement 70
4.6.2 Steel 72
4.6.3 Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP) 74
4.6.4 Aluminium 76
4.6.5 HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) 77
Table 4.1 Modulation Requirements 40
Table 4.2 Land Area Requirements for Class 1 44
Table 4.3 Land Area Requirement for Class 2 45
Table 4.4 Land Area Requirements for 45
Table 4.5 Land Area Requirements for 46
Table 4.6 Required Land Area for Stabilisation Pond and Aerated 47
Lagoons
iii
Figure 4.1 STP Land Area Requirements for Planning Layout Approval 49
for New Development
Figure 4.2 STP Land Area Requirements for Structure Plans 50
Figure 4.3 Guidelines For Buffer Zone 51
Figure 4.4 Plan View of Buffer Zone Requirements 52
Figure 4.5 Clear Working Space 57
iv
5.8.6 Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBR) System 117
5.8.7 Design Requirements for Hybrid Systems 120
5.8.8 Design for Nutrient Removal for Sensitive 120
Receiving Water
5.9 Design of Secondary Clarifiers 122
5.9.1 Purpose 122
5.9.2 Design Requirements 122
5.9.3 Multiple Hoppers 123
5.10 Disinfection 125
5.10.1 Design Requirements 126
5.11 Design of Flow Measurement Devices 130
5.11.1 Purpose of Flow Measuring Devices 135
5.11.2 Design Requirements for Flow Devices 135
5.12 Sludge Holding, Treatment and Disposal 136
5.12.1 Introduction 136
5.12.2 Sludge Strategy in General 137
5.12.3 Provision of Sludge Holding, Treatment and Disposal 138
5.12.4 Design Criteria 139
5.13 Tertiary Treatment 144
5.13.1 Introduction 144
5.13.2 Design Requirement 144
v
Table 5.15 Design Parameters for Trickling Filter 117
Table 5.16 Design Requirements for SBR System 119
Table 5.17 Design Requirement for Biological Nutrient Removal 120
System
Table 5.18 Design Parameters for Secondary Clarifiers 124
Table 5.19 Requirements for Disinfection Facility 126
Table 5.20 Design Guides for Disinfection with Ultra-Violet (UV) 130
Table 5.21 Design Guide for Disinfection with Hypochlorite 133
Table 5.22 Design Guide for Intermittent Disinfection 134
Table 5.23 Design Parameters for Flow Devices 135
Table 5.24 Sludge Generation Rates 136
Table 5.25 Design Parameters for Sludge Thickening 139
Table 5.26 Design Parameters for Aerobic and Anaerobic Digestion 140
Table 5.27 Recommended Design Parameters for Sludge Treatment 141
Figure 5.1 Typical Treatment Process Flow Chart 82
Figure 5.2 Typical Elements and Process Flow Diagram of a Sewage
Treatment Plant 83
Figure 5.3 Typical Drawing of Double Penstock 85
Figure 5.4 Quantities of Screenings Collected From Primary Screens 88
Figure 5.5 Typical drawing of screen chamber based on depth. 89
(<5m for different PE)
Figure 5.6 Typical drawing of screen chamber based on depth. 90
(<5m for different PE)
Figure 5.7 Typical Dimensions of Wet-well Submersible Pump Station 93
Figure 5.8 Typical Dimensions of Dry-well Submersible Pump Station 94
Figure 5.9 Typical details of wet-well pump station 97
Figure 5.10 Typical details of dry-well pump station 98
Figure 5.11 Fine Bubble Diffuser Air – Extended Aeration System 113
Figure 5.12 Oxidation Ditch Activated Sludge System 114
Figure 5.13 Deep Shaft Activated Sludge System 116
Figure 5.14 Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) Systems 119
Figure 5.15 Typical Process Flow Diagram for Biological Nutrient 121
Removal System
Figure 5.16 Schematic illustration of ultraviolet disinfection system 126
with stilling plate for flow conditioning and elongated
weir for level control
vi
Figure 5.17 Profile schematic of lamp modules relative to inlet and 127
outlet structure
Figure 5.19 Chemical-feed system schematic 127
Figure 5.20 Sludge Treatment and Disposal Strategy 143
Figure 5.21 Typical Roof Details for Covered Sludge Drying Bed 146
vii
Table 6.4 Common ventilation rates 167
Table 6.5 Painting System Index – Colour Standards 170
Figure 6.1 Standard Details for Stand Pipe 151
Figure 6.2 Typical for Administration and Mess Facilities Building 152
Figure 6.3 Typical Details of Road Pavement 152
Figure 6.4 Typical Road Section of Site Road 152
Figure 6.5 Typical Drawing of Brickwall Fencing and Gate 155
Figure 6.6 Brickwall Fencing 156
Figure 6.7 Precast Fencing 157
Figure 6.8 Masonry Fencing 158
Figure 6.9 Typical Details of Compound Lighting 162
Figure 6.10 Typical Detail of Guard Rail 171
Figure 6.11 Typical Detail of Lifting Davit 172
Figure 6.12 Typical Detail of A-Frame Lifting Facilities 172
viii
7.5 Guidelines for Homestead Developments 197
7.5.1 Single Developments up to 30 Units or 150 197
PE in Total
7.5.2 Single Developments Over 30 Units in Total 197
with Average Housing Density Greater Than
Five Units per Hectare
7.5.3 Single Developments Over 30 Units in Total with 197
Average Housing Density Less Than Five Units
per Hectare
7.6 Non-Compliance with Standards 198
7.6.1 Introduction 198
7.6.2 Types of Incident’s that Can Cause Treatment 198
Plant Failure
7.7 Energy Saving 201
7.8 Recycle and Reuse 201
ix
Table 8.1 Minimum Design Life Span of Package Sewage 206
Treatment Plant Components
Table 8.2 Recommended Number of Tanks and Effective Volume 207
Consideration for Various Unit Processes
Table 8.3 Technical Requirements of Pumping System 209
Table 8.4 Technical Requirements of Manhole Cover 210
x
Appendices
Appendix A Table
Table A1 Contaminants of Concern in Sewage Treatment 216
Table A2 Typical Composition of Untreated Domestic Sewage 217
Table A3 Major Biological Treatment Processes Used for Sewage 218
Treatment
Table A4 Interim National River Water Quality Standards for Malaysia 220
Table A5 River Clarification 221
Table A6 The Occupational Safety and Health Act 514, 1994 - Brief 222
Summary of Contents
Table A7 Permissible limits for potentially toxic elements in soil 223
Table A8 Options for disposal of Sludge and reuse of bio-solids 224
Appendix B References
Malaysian Standards 227
British Standard 228
European Standard 229
ASTM Standard 231
AS Standard 232
Other Reference Materials 232
Other Guidelines in This Set 232
xi
C-14 Interfaces 245
C-15 Distributed Server Architecture 245
C-16 Web Server 245
C-17 Digital Video Monitoring 246
C-18 Integrated Maintenance Management 246
C-19 Application Report 247
C-20 Application Programming Interface 247
C-21 User Documentation 248
C-22 Specifications and Sizing 248
Table D.1 Duty and Standby Requirements for Activated Sludge 268
Systems (Utilising Diffused Aeration)
Table D.2 Duty and Standby Requirements for Activated Sludge 269
Systems (Utilising Mechanical Surface Aerator)
Table D.3 Duty and Standby Requirements for Rotating Biological 270
Contactor Systems
Table D.4 Duty and Standby Requirements for Trickling Filter Systems 271
xii
Section 1
The owner must comply with the requirements set out in this volume
when submitting an application for approval to the Commissioner.
This volume does not cover any aspect other than Sewage Treatment
Plant requirements. All internal plumbing approvals need to be approved
by Local Authorities.
All Standards references adopted during this revision exercise are compiled
and given in Appendix B.
a) Sufficient land area for the sewage treatment plants plus additional
area to allow for extensions to the plant, where necessary.
b) Land of suitable configuration shall be provided.
c) Sufficient buffer zones.
d) The location of a sewage treatment plant in relation to a particular
catchment area. The plant unit processes shall be located at an
elevation which is not subject to flooding/wave action, or shall
otherwise be adequately protected against all flooding/wave
action.
e) Sufficient topographic features shall be included to indicate its
location in relation to streams and the point of discharge of the
treated effluent.
f) Schematic flow diagrams showing utility systems serving the
plant processes and the flow through various plant units.
g) Pipeworks, including any arrangements for bypass from individual
units. The direction of flow and the content in the pipes shall
also be clearly and permanently painted onto all exposed piping
works.
h) Hydraulic profiles showing the flow of sewage, supernatant liquor,
and sludge.
i) Location, dimensions and elevations of all existing and proposed
plant facilities.
j) Capacity of the effluent receiving drain/water course shall be able
to cater for additional discharge flow from the treatment plant.
k) Consideration for odour and noise mitigation and control through
good facility design, effective operation, containment, collection
and treatment.
l) Point of discharge of treated effluent (effluent outfall) and elevations
2.0m
1.8m
1.6m
Introduction and General Planning Requirements
1.4m
1.2m
1.0m
Volume 4
Volume 4
0.8m
0.6m
0.4m
0.2m
FGL
-0.2m
Page 7
9
Introduction and General Planning Requirements
Introduction and General Planning Requirements
MEASURING
Screen TANK
Grit Pump
Screen
Q= Aerator
BOD =
Mixer Balancing
Volume 4
SS = Q =
Pump
Volume 4
BOD = Q =
RAW SEWAGE M M
Filtrate = BOD =
Raw Sewage SS =
Pump
Grit Classifier
Q= Waste Sludge
BOD = Pump
SS =
Q =
PUMPING STATION (EXISTING)
Figure 1.3 Typical Process Flow Diagram
BOD =
Figure 1.3 Typical Process Flow Diagram
11
Introduction and General Planning Requirements
Introduction and General Planning Requirements
9
Introduction and General Planning Requirements
Introduction
Introductionand
andGeneral
GeneralPlanning
Planning Requirements
Requirements
QiQi= =
BOD= =
BOD Qe
SS= = QQ == Qi
Qi ++ Qr
Qr ++ Qw
Qw Qe ==
SS BOD == BOD
BOD ==
BOD
SS ==
SS SECONDARY
SS
SS ==
SECONDARY CLARIFIER
CLARIFIER
AERATIONTANK
AERATION TANK
OVERFLOW
OVERFLOW SS
SS CONC
CONC== OUTLET
OUTLET
MLSS= = BOD
MLSS BOD ==
Qr
Qr++Qw
Qw==
Qr, Xr BOD =
Qr, Xr BOD =
Qr = X Qi = SS =
Qr = X SS =
BOD = Qi =
BOD
SS ==
SS =
AEROBIC DIGESTED
AEROBIC DIGESTED
SLUDGE HOLDING TANK
SLUDGE HOLDING TANK
Qw =
Qw ==
BOD
BOD
SS ==
SS ==
1%DS
1%DS =
SLUDGE THICKENER
SLUDGE THICKENER
Qw =
Qw ==
BOD
BOD
SS ==
4%DS
SS =
4%DS =
Qw OVERFLOW =
Qw OVERFLOW =
ARM Cable
PUMP PUMP
PUMP PUMP
ARM Cable
ARM Cable
Using 4c x 2.5mm ARM Cable
SUBMERSIBRE
4c x 2.5mm
4c x 2.5mm
SUBMERSIBLE
EQ Pump no. 1 (0.6kW)
PVCsq. PVC
SUBMERSIBRE
Outlet Outlet
x 2.5mm
x 2.5mm
SUBMERSIBLE
To Control Circuit
CIRCUIT
2 x 2.5mm
EQ Pump no. 1 (0.6kW)
D IS T R IB U T IO N B O X F O R
Using
Using
13A Socket
To Control Circuit
Airx blower
CIRCUIT
1.5mm
x 2.5mm
L IG H T IN G A N D P O W E R
Using 4c
Using 4c
RAW SEWAGE
RAW SEWAGE
TO CONTROL
NO.1 (2.4kW)
NO.2 (2.4kW)
E. STOP Using 2Using
Using 2Using
2 x sq.
D IS T R IB U T IO N B O X F O R
13A Socket
x 1.5mm
L IG H T IN G A N D P O W E R
Using 4c
RAW SEWAGE
TO CONTROL
NO.1 (2.4kW)
NO.2 (2.4kW)
Using 2 Using
D S D S
TO 36W FLOUERECENT LIGHT
D S D S D S
TO 36W FLOUERECENT LIGHT
TOR
TOR
TOR
TOR
D S
TOR
TOR
TOR
TOR
TOR
TOR
PSR
DOL
DOL
DOL
DOL
SPARE
TOR
TOR
A
A
20A SPN20A SPN
TPN
TPN
TPN
TPN
SPN
DOL
MCB 6APSR
DOL
DOL
DOL
DOL
DOL
MCB
MCB
MCB
MCB
MCB
MCB
MCB 20A
MCB 20A
MCB 16A
MCB 16A
SPARE
A
A
TPN20A TPN20A
TPN20A TPN20A
20A TPN
20A TPN
16A TPN
16A TPN
SPN6A SPN6A
6A SPN
MCB
MCB
MCB
DOL
DOL
MCB
R Y B
MCB
MCB
MCB
24T
3x5A
0 -5 0 0 V
R Y B
R YS /sB
w
3x5A
24T
10A
20A
20A
0 -4 0 A
6A
3x5A 0 -5 0 0 V
S /s w 0 -5 0 0 V R SY/s wB
S /s w
PSR P HA SE S EQ UENC E 3x5A 0 -3 0 A
10A
20A
20A
R E L A Y0 -4 0 A
6A
S /s w 0 -5 0 0 V
S /s w S /s w
4 0 /0 .3 A 4 p R C C B 4 0 /0 .3 A 4 p R C C B 4 0 /0 .1 A
2P R CCB
PSR P HA SE S EQ UENC E 0 -3 0 A
R E LA Y E E
40A TP N 10KA M C C B S P +N 30K A 3 0 A T P + N 1 0SK/s
AwM C C B
1 04 0K/0
A .1
MAC C B
4 0 /0 .3 A 4 p R C C B 2P R CCB 4 0 /0 .3 A 4 p R C C B
U S IN G 4 C x 1 6 m m P V C /S W A P V C A R M . C A B L E U S IN G 4 C x 1 0 m m P V C /S W A /P V C A R M . C A B L E U S IN G 2 C x 6 m
E m P V C /S W A /P V C A R M . C A B L E E
40A TP N 10KA M C C B 30A TP +N 10KA M C C B S P +N 30K A
10 KA M CCB
40A TP+N 30A TP +N 30A SP+N
U S IN G 4 C x 1 6 m m P V C /S W A P V C A R M . C AMBCL CEB U S IN G 4 C x 1 0 m m P V C /S W A /P V C A R M . CMACBCLB E U S IN G 2 C x 6 m m P V C /S W A /P V C A R M .MCCAC BBLE
6 3 /0 .3 A 4 p R C C B
E
6 0 A T P + N 2 5 K A (4 P O L E ) M C C B S IN G L E L IN E L A Y O U T D IA G R A M F O R
415 V S U P P LY M A IN S W IT C H B O A R D
3 PHASE
T N B M E T E R IN G
PANEL S IN G L E L IN E L A Y O U T D IA G R A M F O R
415 V S U P P LY M U L T IC O R E A R M O U R E D
3 PHASE C ABLE TO M A IN S W IT C H B O A R D
T N B R E Q U IM E N T
T N B M E T E R IN G
PANEL
M U L T IC O R E A R M O U R E D
IN C O M IN G S C
U APBPLLEYT F
OR O M
T N B R E Q U IM E N T
M A IN D B 4 1 5 V
IN C O M IN G S U P P L Y F R O M
M A IN D B 4 1 5 V
Design Overview
Design Overview
Classification PE
Class 1 ≤1000
Class 2 1001 – 5000
Class 3 5001 – 20000
Class 4 > 20000
Flow Range The selected process should be matched to the expected flow
range.
Flow Variation Most unit operation and processes work best with a constant
flow rate, although some variation can be tolerated. If the flow
variation is too great, flow equalisation may be necessary.
Influent Sewage The characteristics of the influent will affect the types of
processes to be used and the requirements for their proper
operation.
Inhibiting Identify the constituents present that may be inhibitory, and the
Constituents conditions they are in.
Reaction Kinetics Reactor sizing is based on the governing reaction kinetics. Data
and Reactor for kinetic expressions are usually derived from experience,
Selection literature and results of pilot-plant studies.
Treatment Residuals The types and amounts of solid, liquid and gaseous residuals
produced must be known or estimated.
Ancillary Processes Identify the required support process and the effect on the
effluent quality, especially when they become inoperative.
Odour and Noise Odour and noise pollution should be minimised to the lowest
possible level.
Safety and The chosen treatment process shall be designed with utmost care
Operability to facilitate safe operations at all times as well as to incorporate
safety features for the protection of operators. See Section 2.3.
Land Requirements A more compact plant component may perform equally well to a
component taking up more land and thus would be preferential,
provided there was no significant component cost differences.
a) Biochemical characteristics
b) Physical characteristics
c) Hydraulic characteristics
d) Mechanical & engineering requirements
e) Structural requirements
f) Constructional characteristics
i) Weir loadings
j) Overflow rate
3.1 Introduction
The need for these standards has been influenced by the fact that sewage
discharges contribute a significant amount of the biodegradable organic
matters, suspended solids and ammoniacal nitrogen to the nation’s
waterways.
Value (g/
Parameter Value (mg/l)
capita.day)
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 56 250
Suspended Solids (SS) 68 300
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 113 500
Total Nitrogen (TN) 11 50
Ammoniacal nitrogen (AMN) 7 30
Total Phosphorus (TP) 2 10
Oil and Grease (O&G) 11 50
Notes:
NA = Not Applicable
All values in mg/l unless otherwise stated.
* Stagnant Water Bodies refer to enclosed water bodies such as lakes, ponds and
slow moving watercourses where dead zone occur.
Sewage contains solid materials that can settle at the bottom and also
give impact on the benthic life. They can also appear in suspension
solids form that can increase turbidity and affect the light availability
for aquatic life. The amount of solids in sewage is usually measured as
“total suspended solids” or TSS. The desired solid removal in sewage
treatment plants should not exceed the absolute TSS discharge limit of
50mg/l and 100mg/l for Standard A and Standard B, respectively.
4.1 Introduction
This section sets out the important factors and considerations associated
with the identification of proper sites to locate sewage treatment plants.
Typical workflows in the site for sewage treatment plants are illustrated
in Figures 4.1 and 4.2. It also addresses the selection of appropriate
treatment concepts and sufficient land area requirements for treatment
plants in relation to the effluent standards.
The buffer zone can be used for any purpose except permanent habitable
buildings. For example, the buffer zone maybe used as a drainage
reserve, road or highway reserve, transmission reserve, utility reserve
or public park.
EQA, 1974 respectively). The type and scope of the study will depend
on the classification of the plant and the environmental sensitivity of
the locality being considered. EIA shall be conducted in compliance
with Volume 2 of the MSIG.
Modular treatment plants that are designed with two (2) or more parallel
streams must be provided with pipeworks and valves to isolate each
stream of unit process during maintenance and major shut down without
interfering normal operation of the remaining stream.
a) Inlet Works/Pumps
b) Screen Facilities
c) Grit Chambers
d) Biological Treatment
e) Secondary Clarifiers
f) Sludge Facilities
The back-up capacity provided shall be such that when one unit process
is taken out of operation, the remaining units shall not be overloaded
beyond 50% of their rated capacities.
The land area requirements and buffer allowance for temporary sewage
treatment plants maybe reduced at the discretion of the Commission on
a case by case basis.
The recommended land area requirements for Class 1 and 2 plants (up
to 5000 PE) are given in Table 4.2 and Table 4.3 respectively. The net
area does not include the 30 m buffer zone surrounding the plant, but
does include appropriate set backs and access paths within the plant. The
area requirements given are sufficient to achieve an effluent conforming
to Standard A discharge requirements. It is important that allowance
is made for sufficient buffers in planning approvals, to avoid future
complaints in relation to the siting of the plant.
Thus, the shape and elevations of the land allocated for the STP development
must be determined during planning stage so that the configuration of
the STP can be planned properly in order to allocate adequate land for
the purpose. This also enables estimates for additional land required. It
may also be required to cut or fill operations to level the land.
The area requirements, as stipulated in Table 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5 and 4.6,
must be adhered to as strictly as possible. The required areas in these
tables include appropriate setbacks and access paths within the plant.
However the areas have not include any buffer zone surrounding each
plant as indicated in Section 4.2.1.
Land Area
Population Requirement *
Equivalent
(m2) (acre)
100 210 0.052
Note: * The required area only includes appropriate setbacks and access paths
within the plant but not the buffer zone surrounding each plant as indicated in
Section 4.2.1.
(ha) (acre)
Note: * The required area only includes appropriate setbacks and access paths
within the plant but not the buffer zone surrounding each plant as indicated in
Section 4.2.1.
Note: * The required area only includes appropriate setbacks and access paths
within the plant but not the buffer zone surrounding each plant as indicated in
Section 4.2.1.
Note: * The required area only includes appropriate setbacks and access paths within the
plant but not the buffer zone surrounding each plant as indicated in Section 4.2.1.
Start
Determine catchment
served
Determine ultimate PE
Identified effluent
requirement
Is development Is development
> 2000 PE? in urban area? N
N Y
Use land area from Use land area from Use land area from
Table 4.2 Table 4.3,4 and 5 Table 4.6
(Class 1 plants) (Class 2 to 4 plants) (pond systems)
End
Start
Local plan
Plan
formulation
Formulation
Consider multi-use of
buffer areas
End
Beautification
Property
Enclosed Plant STW Fence Boundary
Treatment Plant Site Buffer Zone 10m Min. Residential / Commercial Plot
5m Min.
Access And
Screening
Treatment Plant Site Buffer Zone 30m Min. Residential / High Rise
5m Min.
Access and
Screening
Property
Enclosed Plant STW Fence Boundary
5m Min.
Access And
Screening
Note : The buffer area can be used for roads, drains, utility reserve, agricultural or other similar
purposes.
30 m 30 m
4.44.4- Plan
10 m 10 m
View of
Volume 4
Volume 4
of Buffer
BufferZone
30m Surround For Residential and Commercial Note: Buffer areas can be used for roads, drains, utility reserve, public
Development parks, agricultural or similiar purposes other than permanent
ZoneRequirements
The land shall be relatively flat and of a regular shape. Any unusable
area within the plot shall be minimised.
Industry Guidelines
Malaysian Sewerage
Malaysian Sewerage
Industry Guidelines
Requirements for Physical Design
I) Design Considerations
II) Installation
4.5.2 Vibration
The bare frame of rotational equipment or any equipment that may induce
vibration shall be provided with anti-vibration mount. Where rotational
equipment or equipment which may induce vibration is connected to
piping, then vibration isolator shall be provided.
4.5.3 Noise
Noise levels from machinery shall comply with the Factories and
Machinery (Noise Exposure) Regulations 1989 and Occupational Health
and Safety Act. Noise control measures and appropriate safety protection
for operators must be provided where necessary.
Enclosures used to achieve these noise reductions shall permit ready access
to the equipment for routine maintenance. Adequate air ventilation shall
be provided to allow cooling of the enclosure to prevent overheating
of the equipment/motors.
Noise level measurement shall be made with a sound level meter which
complies with BS EN 60651 and which is fitted with an ‘A’ weighting
network. The sound pressure level shall be measured in dB (A).
Noise level for all electronically operated electrical device such as soft
starters, variable speed drives and others shall be conform to IEC, EN.
Thus it shall fulfil all EMC Immunity requirements complying with
EN500082-1, EN50082-2, EN50082-3.
All designs and equipment shall be made and installed with safety in
mind. Nothing in this Design Guidelines shall remove the designer’s
obligation to incorporate equipment or designs that would increase the
safety of the plant.
The installation layout and equipment design shall not allow any item
of equipment to be so positioned that danger could arise to operating
personnel and equipment during normal operation and maintenance.
Particular attention shall be paid to the positioning of switch board,
control panel, cables, switch gears, lighting, small power, rotational
equipment, other electrical equipment and accessories.
Safety level for all electronically operated electrical device such as soft
starters, variable speed drive and others shall conform to IEC, EN, UL,
NFC and VDE. Thus it shall fulfill EN 50178, EN 60204-1, EN 60950
(2000, 3rd edition), IEC 61800-5.
Where appropriate, IEE and Akta 448 (1990) and Peraturan Elektrik
1994 must be complied within all electrical installation.
Wall 1 m or 1.5 W or
whichever greater
Equipment Wall
1 m or 1.5 W or
whichever greater
W Equipment
L 1 m or 1.5 W or
whichever
greater
I) Motors
II) Controllers
Sewage Treatment
Category Supply Requirements
Plant
(I) General
EWS + PC
NO. TYPE OF PLANT (monitoring) / SCADA
Data Logger
Network Pumping Station
1. < 100 000 PE ≥ 100 000 PE
(NPS)
2a. Sewage Treatment Plant Class 3 STPs Class 4 STPs
I) General Considerations
I) Control Systems
The EWS is used to monitor the status of the equipment operating inside
the treatment plants such as pumps and aeration equipment. It shall act
as the means to communicate information via Short Messaging Service
(SMS), e-mail or via other telecommunication mean to technical staff
for the fast recovery of the treatment system.
EWS system shall be able to transmit digital and analog values from
the remote module to the operator through their inputs (equipment) via
SMS and e-mail messages in text mode. The modules shall be able to
interpret SMS message from the operator to activate or deactivate long
distance machine (remote control).
4.5.13 Instrumentation
For STP with PE 10 000 and above, a digital power meter is required to
be installed at all individual panel of major equipment such as raw sewage
pump, air blower, aerators, mechanical dewatering unit etc. The digital
power meter shall be able to monitor the following:
I) General
II) Instrumentation
(V) Conduits
4.6.2 Steel
I) Structural steel
a) All areas within 5 km from the coast line or salt water bodies
shall be classified as marine environment. Sewerage facilities
in marine and corrosive environment e.g. where the atmosphere
i) SS316L
ii) Aluminium alloy
iii) Materials suitable for use in corrosive environment acceptable
by the Commission
d) All structural steelwork shall be thoroughly descaled to BS 7079
second quality and shall be painted with 2 coats of two pack
epoxy based red lead primer before leaving the manufacturer’s
works. In addition, all structural steelwork shall be provided
with protective paint for chloride, sulphate or the prevailing
chemicals in the site after installation.
e) Cathodic protection shall be provided for all load bearing steel
structures in marine environment for a minimum life of 50
years.
All other FRP products shall meet the requirements of ASTM C 582
for FRP laminates.
4.6.4 Aluminium
5.1 Introduction
All new applications for sewage treatment plant approval shall follow
the design requirements as stipulated in this section. These requirements
have been formulated as a gradual change in sewage treatment methods
for Malaysia prior to enforcement of ultimate requirements as stipulated
in Sections 3 and 4 of this volume.
Figure 5.2 gives an overview of the typical flow diagram and elements
of a sewage treatment plant. Figure 5.2 also shows how one facility
is closely related to another and thus has an impact upon the overall
design.
The major indices are those of BOD5, Suspended Solids, COD, Oil &
Grease, Ammoniacal Nitrogen, Nitrate Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus.
Balancing
5 Tank M/O Section 5.6 Balances and equalises flow
Removes settleable
Primary Primary
6 M/O Section 5.7 solids/materials
Treatment Sedimentation
Reduces potential
Thickener detrimental effect on the
Bio Solids Stabilisation environment and converts
11 M/O Section 5.12 sludge to a form suitable for
Handling
Holding ultimate disposal
Dewatering
Sludge Disposal
Effluent To
B. Extended Aeration
Raw Activated Sludge Nearest
4
Figure5.2
Sewage Receiving
C. Trickling Filter
Inlet Grit/Grease D. RBC Watercourse
2 Alternative
Return Sludge
Pump Station
Incinerator/Dryer
Elements
Sewage
Requirements for Stages of Sewage Treatment
Elements
Alternate
Treatment
and and
Volume 4
Volume 4
Return Liquor
Sludge Storage Area
Treatment
Process
Mechanical Sludge
Dewatering
Process
Mechanical Sludge
PlantPlant
Thickener
Sludge Holding
Diagram
Tank
Alternative
83
Requirements for Individual Treatment Processes
71
Requirements for Individual Treatment Processes
Upon reaching the sewage treatment plant, sewage flows through the
primary screening facility which is the first stage of treatment. The
screens must be provided upstream of all inlet pump stations and shall be
designed to protect downstream processes and equipment. The purposes
of primary screens are:
Provision for inlet chamber before the primary screen channel is necessary
for proper operational and maintenance. The summarised requirements
for inlet chamber are as follows:
Unit
Requirements Notes
Process
Mandatory
≤ 20 000 > 20 000 > 50 000 Single and dual
Type
PE PE PE penstocks are referring
to members of penstocks
Inlet Single Yes n/a n/a required. For more
Chamber
than 50 000 PE, the
Dual n/a Yes Yes main penstock must be
motorised.
Motorised n/a No Yes
CLEAR SPACING
MANUAL FINE SCREEN
OVERFLOW PIPE
DISCHARGETO DRAIN
PRIMARY
SCREEN
INLET CHAMBER
CHAMBER
450mm
1:2 IL
Design Criteria
Description Unit Manually Mechanically
Raked Raked#
Maximum clear spacing mm 25 25
Slope to the vertical
30o – 45o 15o – 45o
Maximum approach velocity at m/s 1.0 1.0
the feed channel
Notes:
* Designer shall ensure that with 50% of blockage at the face of screen, sufficient
freeboard is provided to prevent the approach channel from overflowing
# Washing and dewatering of screenings shall be provided.
Figure
Figure 5.4 Quantities
Quantities of ScreeningsCollected
of Screenings CollectedFrom
From Primary
Primary Screens
Screens
100
80
Average
Maximum
Screenings, m 3/ 10 6m 3 of Sewage
60
40
20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Opening Between Bars, cm
CONC. APRON WP
LAID TO FALL
MECHANICAL COARSE SCREEN
RAMP
GRATING COVER DOWN
INCOMING SEWER
CHAIN GUARD
PENSTOCK
CHAIN GUARD A
A R.C STAIRCASE TO A A PENSTOCK
ENGR'S DETAIL
R.C STAIRCASE TO
ENGR'S DETAIL
PLAN
Requirements for Stages of Sewage Treatment
PENSTOCK PENSTOCK
Volume 4
Volume 4
SCREENINGS COLLECTION BIN SCREENINGS COLLECTION BIN
HANDRAIL
(<5m for different PE)
HANDRAIL
(<5 m for different PE)
HANDRAIL HANDRAIL
PERFORATED SLAB
< 5m
R.C STAIRCASE R.C STAIRCASE
TO ENGR'S DETAIL TO ENGR'S DETAIL
< 5m
S.S PERFORATED
Drawing of Screen Chamber based on depth
TROUGH
INCOMING SEWER
INCOMING SEWER
SECTION A-A
77
SECTION A-A
89
Requirements for Individual Treatment Processes
DRAIN
90
78
CONCRETE APRON DRAIN
LAID TO FALL WP
CONCRETE APRON
LAID TO FALL WP
RAMP
DOWN RAMP
DOWN
INCOMING SEWER
CHAIN GUARD CHAIN GUARD
PENSTOCK PENSTOCK
A A
A
A R.C STAIRCASE TO DN
DN
ENGR'S DETAIL
R.C STAIRCASE TO
ENGR'S DETAIL
MECHANICAL
Requirements for Stages of Sewage Treatment
COARSE SCREEN
PENSTOCK
PENSTOCK
SCREENINGS SCREENINGS
Requirements for Individual Treatment Processes
HANDRAIL HANDRAIL
Volume 4
Volume 4
HANDRAIL HANDRAIL
(>5 m for different PE)
< 5m
CAT LADDER CAT LADDER
> 5m
S.S PERFORATED
OPENINGS TROUGH
OPENINGS
INCOMING SEWER INCOMING SEWER
Malaysian Sewerage
Industry Guidelines
Malaysian Sewerage
SECTION A-A SECTION A-A
Requirements for Individual Treatment Processes
b)
b) Benching shall
Benching shallbebe such
such that that to minimise
to minimise deposition
deposition of solid of solid
matters
matters on the floor or walls of wet wells. The minimum
on the floor or walls of wet wells. The minimum slope of benching slope
shall be 45o toshall
of benching be 45o to the horizontal.
the horizontal.
c)
c) Benching shall
Benching shallpreferably
preferablybe be extended
extended up toupthetopump
the pump
intake.intake.
d)
d) Minimum hopper
Minimum hopper bottom
bottom slope
slopeshall
shallbe
be1.5
1.5vertical
verticaltoto1.0
1.0horizontal.
horizontal.
Tapered slope
Tapered slopeshall
shallbebe provided
provided upthe
up to to suction
the suction section.
section.
e)
e) Automatic flushing
Automatic flushingofofgrit
gritand
andsolids
solidsis is recommended
recommended for for plants
plants of
of PE > 2
PE > 2,000. 000.
f)
f) The difference
The differencebetween
betweenstopstopand
andstart
start levels
levels shall
shall be abemaximum
a maximum of
of 900 mm and a minimum
900 mm and a minimum of 450 mm. of 450 mm.
g)
g) The difference
The difference in
in level
level between
between start
start oror stop
stop ofof duty
duty and
and assist
assist
pumps shall be greater than or equal to
pumps shall be greater than or equal to 150 mm.150 mm.
h) The minimum internal width of wet well shall not less than 2m.
h) The minimum internal width of wet well shall not less than 2m
i) Where possible, wet wells shall be open and guarded by a handrail
i) Where possible, wet wells shall be open and guarded by a handrail
or open mesh grating. The grating shall be easily and safely
or open mesh grating. The grating shall be easily and safely
removed.
removed.
Figure
Figure 5.7
5.7 –Typical
Typical Dimensions ofWet
Dimensions of WetWell
Well
Submersible PumpStation
Submersible Pump Station
MIN 2000
QO (I/S)
(ℓ/S)
INCOMING SEWER
Qi (I/S)
(ℓ/S)
D2 HIGH LEVEL ALARM
CUT IN LEVEL
d
D1
Note :
d = Difference between stop & start level, Min 450 Max 900
IN
Qi COMI
(I/S NG
) SE
W ER
HIGH LEVEL ALARM
150
CUT IN LEVEL
D
CUT OUT LEVEL
D2 to D2
2
QO (l/s)
D1
150
D2
150 (min)
ALLOW ADDITIONAL DEPTH
FOR SOLID HEAVY OBJECTS
IN
Qi COM
(I/S I NG
) SE
WE
R
HIGH LEVEL ALARM
150 S
CUT IN LEVEL
D
D1 Q0 (l/S)
150
Note :
D2 = Bellmouth Diameter
D = Difference between stop start level, Min 450 and Max 900
V) Lighting Requirements
(V) Lighting Requirements
a) Wet wells and dry-wells shall be adequately lit.
a) Wet wells and dry wells shall be adequately lit.
b)
b) Electrical installations
Electrical installationsshall
shallbebewater
waterproof and vapour
proof and vapour proof
prooforor
explosion proof.
explosion proof.
c)
c) If lights
If lights are
arefitted
fittedoutside
outsidethethe well,
well, then
then a spotlight
a spotlight system
system may may
be
be used to provide adequate illumination.
used to provide adequate illumination.
CONC. APRON
COLLECTION BIN
CLEAR SPACING
S.STEEL MANUAL OVERFLOW
FINE SCREEN CHAMBER INFLUENT PUMP
A PRIMARY SCREEN A
GRATING COVER
EXPLOSION PROOF
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 SPOT LIGHT
PUMP SUMP
CHECK VALVE
S.STEEL HANDRAIL FLEXIBLE COUPLING
STEPS
PENSTOCK GATE VALVE
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
DELIVERY PIPE
PLAN VIEW
LIFTING I-BEAM C/W
CARRIER
MECH. COARSE SCREEN
HANDRAIL
CHAIN GUARD
CHECK VALVE
CLEAR SPACING PENSTOCK
MANUAL FINE SCREEN FLEXIBLE COUPLING
GATE VALVE
OVERFLOW DELIVERY PIPE
PIPE DISCHARGE
TO DRAIN NON-EXPLOSION SPOT LIGHT
DELIVERY PIPE
GUIDERAIL
OVERFLOW
S.S PERFORATED
CHAMBER TROUGH PUMP SUMP LIFTING CHAIN
PRIMARY SCREEN
CHAMBER
CONC. SLAB
R.C WALL TO
IL ENGR'S DETAIL
STOP
SECTION A-A
Figure
Figure5.10 Typical
5.10 Typical Details
Details of Dry-well
of Dry-well Pump Station
Pump Station
OVERFLOW CHAMBER
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 21 3
AT TOP AND BOTTOM
LEVEL 22 2 CONCRETE VENTILATION
23 1 BLOCK AT TOP AND BOTTOM LEVEL
DN
CHAIN GUARD.
R.C STAIRCASE TO ENGR'S DETAIL DN
13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
PLAN VIEW
HANDRAIL
WET WELL
DRY WELL
PERFORATED SLAB
CAT LADDER
OPENINGS
ALARM
CHECK VALVE 2nd. STANDBY PUMP START
1st. STANDBY PUMP START
INCOMING SEWER 2nd. DUTY PUMP START
(FLOAT SWITCH) GATE VALVE 1st.. DUTY PUMP START
ALL PUMP STOP
STOP LOG
SUMP BWL
DEWATERING PUMP
DRY PIT PUMPS
SECTION VIEW
Note: * Motorised hoists shall be provided when the lifting weight exceeds 100 kg
After the inlet pump station, further screening is required to reduce the
remaining floating matter and finer particles in the sewage that will
disrupt the treatment process downstream. The purposes of secondary
screens are:
Plants of all sizes must be installed with secondary screens. The channel
shall be designed for Qpeak or pump flow whichever is greater. Approach
channel shall be design to ensure good contribution of velocity
A minimum of two screens are required for duty and standby. Facility
for a screened bypass must be provided in the event of clogging. Where
mechanically cleaned screening devices are installed auxiliary manually
cleaned screen shall be provided.
Design Criteria
Description Unit Manually Mechanically
Raked Raked #
Maximum clear spacing mm 12 12
Slope to the vertical 30o – 45o 15o – 45o
Maximum approach velocity at m/s 1.0 1.0
the feed channel
Maximum flow through velocity m/s 1.0 1.0
at the screen face
Minimum freeboard mm 150* 150
Estimated volume of screenings m3 / 106 m3 See Figure 5.4
per volume of sewage
Screenings skip storage capacity day 7 7
Minimum channel width mm 500 500
Minimum channel depth mm 500 500
RC Staircase with riser detail 1 unit Anti-skid and Anti-skid and
non-corrosive non-corrosive
Notes:
* Designer shall ensure that with 50% of blockage at the face of screen, sufficient
freeboard is provided to prevent the approach channel from overflowing
# Washing and dewatering of screenings shall be provided.
Where manual systems are used, allow for safe and easy access to remove
grit to a storage bin.
If pump systems are used, the suction pipe shall be short and straight.
Tees and short radius bends shall be avoided, if at all possible. Flanges
at strategic locations shall be provided so that they can be dismantled
to remove any blockages.
Sand pit may be used for further dewatering of the grease removed before
ultimate disposal. The drainage from the sand pit shall be returned to
the inlet channel for further treatment.
Design Criteria
Description Unit
PE ≤ 5000* > 5000PE > 5000PE
Grease removal - Simple manual Manual interceptor Mechanical
Chamber type - Rectangular Baffled tank Aerated type
Minimum detention
time (Qpeak) min 3 3 3
Design Criteria
Description Unit
PE ≤ 5000* >5000PE >5000PE
Grit removal - Manual Mechanical Mechanical
(tanker)
Chamber type - Horizontal Square, rotary or Aerated
flow (2 units vortex type simple
required for mechanised grit
duty and chamber
standby during
cleaning)
vortex also
acceptable
Minimum
detention time at minute 3 3 3
Qpeak
Maximum gravity
flow through m/s 0.20 0.20 0.20
velocity at Qpeak
Maximum
centrifugal flow m/s n/a <1.0 <1.0
through velocity
Head loss
- 35% of depth -
(at parshall flume)
Aeration l/s/meter - - 10.0
requirement length of tank
Chamber
dimension:
Manufacturer’s Manufacturer’s
Depth: Width - 1:2
Specification Specification
Length: Width 2:1
Notes:
* Air lift pump for removal of grit is not acceptable.
* Water depth in tank to be controlled by weir outlet.
Balancing tanks are mandatory for all treatment processes that are not
designed at peak flow. The tanks are effective means of equalising
sewage flow. For extended aeration plants that are designed with a
retention time of more than 18 hours and clarifiers designed at peak
flow, the use of balancing tanks is not required.
5.7.1 Purposes
5.8.1 Introduction
For reasons of long term whole life economics, ease of operation and
maintenance, consistent effluent standards and standardisation, the
following types of biological treatment processes are recommended for
use in Malaysia.
Mass balance calculation must be computed and submitted for all biological
treatment system and other unit processes proposed for the STP.
ª VT u MLSS º
† «
«¬ T sludge »¼
>
» Q avg u SSeff @
WAS =
Cu
Where:
vT = volume of reactor (m3)
3
MLSS = mixed liquor suspended solids (kg/m )
Tsludge = sludge age (days)
Qavg = average flow (m3/day)
SSeff = effluent suspended solids (kg/m3)
Cu = underflow concentration (kg/m3)
Refer Table D1 and D2 for aeration equipment duty / standby and also to
Refer Table
relevant D1ofand
clause MSD2 forfor
1228 aeration equipment duty/standby and also to
more details.
relevant clause of MS 1228 for more details.
5.8.3 Extended Aeration System (EA)
5.8.3 Extended Aeration System (EA)
5.8.3.1 General Discription
5.8.3.1 General Discription
The extended aeration process is similar to the conventional activated
The extended
sludge process aeration
except thatprocess is similar
it operates to the conventional
in the endogenous respirationactivated
phase of
sludge process
the growth curve,except
which that it operates
requires in theloading
a low organic endogenous
and longrespiration
aeration
phase of the
time. The growth
system curve,high
produces which
MLSS requires a low organic
concentration, high RASloading
pumpingand
long aeration
rate and time. wastage.
low sludge The system produces high MLSS concentration, high
RAS pumping rate and low sludge wastage.
The advantage of having long hydraulic retention times is that it allows the
The
plantadvantage
to operateofeffectively
having long overhydraulic retention
widely varying times
flow and is that loadings.
waste it allows
the plant toclarifiers
Secondary operate must
effectively over widely
be designed to thevarying flowin and
variations waste
hydraulic
loadings and high MLSS concentrations associated with this
loadings. Secondary clarifiers must be designed to the variations inprocess.
hydraulic loadings and high MLSS concentrations associated with this
process.
For Oxidation Ditches, the minimum velocity within the channel shall
be sufficient to keep the activated sludge in suspension. The minimum
velocity within the channel shall not be less than 0.3 m/s. The tank
configuration and aeration and mixing devices shall promote unidirectional
channel flow, so that the energy used for aeration is sufficient to provide
mixing in a system with a relatively long hydraulic retention time.
Cu is underflow
concentration
RAS pump rating hours/day 24
Recirculation ratio, QRAS/QINFLOW 0.5 - 1.0
MLSS recycle ratio 4 – 6 times of Qavg
Volumetric loading kg BOD5/m .d 3 0.1 - 0.4
Minimum mixing requirement W/m3 20
Tank dimension
Water depth m 3–5
Length:Width ratio 3:1
Max width of joined tank m < 60
Notes:
#
Sludge Age = total solids in aeration tank
Requirements for Stages of Sewage Treatment
ª VT u MLSS º
†
«
«¬ T sludge »¼
>
» Q avg u SSeff @
Notes: excess sludge wasting/day + solids in effluen WAS =
# Cu
Sludge Age = total solids in aeration tank
ª VT u MLSS º
Where: « » > Q avg u SSeff @
† «¬ T sludge »¼
vT excess sludge wasting/day
= volume+ofsolids in effluen
reactor (m3) WAS =
Cu
MLSS = mixed liquor suspended solids (kg/m3)
Tsludge = sludge age (days)
Where:
Qavg = average flow (m3/day)
vT = volume of reactor (m3)
SSeff = effluent suspended solids (kg/m3)3
MLSS = mixed liquor suspended solids (kg/m )
Cu = underflow concentration (kg/m3)
Tsludge = sludge age (days)
Qavg = average flow (m3/day)
SSeff
Refer Table D1 and D2 for aeration equipment duty /
= effluent suspended solids (kg/m3)
standby and also to
Cu relevant clauseconcentration
= underflow of MS 1228(kg/m for3more
) details.
Refer Table D1 and D2 for aeration equipment duty/standby and also to
relevant
Refer clause
Table of MS
D1 and 1228
D2 for for more
aeration details.duty / standby and also to
equipment
relevant clause of MS 1228 for more details.
Figure 5.11 – Fine Bubble Diffuse Air Extended Aeration System
Raw
Sewage
Inlet Anoxic Zone Aeration Tank Flow Final Clarifier
Distribution
Sewage
Pump Station
Screens, Grit Removal Effluent
To River
Return Sludge
Raw Pump Station
Sewage
Inlet
Sewage
Pump Station
Return Sludge
Liquor
Pump Station
Chemical
Dosing
OPTIONAL
Flow
M echanical R otor Flow Final Clarifier M easurem ent
Distribution E ffluent
S creens, G rit R em oval To River
R aw
S ewage
Inlet O xidation Ditch
S ewage
P um p S tation
R eturn S ludge
P um p S tation
Chem ical
D osing
S ludge D rying B ed
O P TIO N AL
5.8.4
5.8.4 Rotating Biological
Rotating BiologicalContactors
Contactors (RBC)
(RBC)
5.8.4.1
5.8.4.1 General Description
General Description
Rotatingbiological
Rotating biological contactors
contactors use a use
seriesa of
series of media
rotating rotating media for
for biological
biological treatment. The rotating medium, typically made from
treatment. The rotating medium, typically made from sheets of high quality sheets
of highprovides
plastic, quality aplastic,
surface provides
on which aorganisms
surface on which
grow. organisms
As the grow.
media rotate,
As the media rotate, the fixed film biomass is in contact with
the fixed film biomass is in contact with organic pollutions in sewage and organic
pollutions
oxygen in sewage alternately.
in atmosphere and oxygenLayersin atmosphere
of biomassalternately.
are sheared Layers
from theof
biomassofare
surface thesheared from the
media during the rotation
surface to
of prevent
the media during of
overgrown thetherotation
fixed
to prevent overgrown of the fixed film.
film.
RBCs are
RBCs are conventionally
conventionally submerged
submergedtoto40%40%ofof disc
discdiameter.
diameter. Increased
Increased
submergence ofofdiscs
submergence discsupuptotoabout
about 90%
90% is also
is also acceptable
acceptable if sufficient
if sufficient air
air supply is provided at the base of the tank. This system is normally
supply is provided at the base of the tank. This system is normally called
called
the the submerged
submerged biologicalbiological
contactor contactor
(SBC). (SBC).
5.8.4.2
5.8.4.2 Design
Design Requirements
Requirementsforfor
RBC Plants
RBC Plants
Preceding
Preceding the
the RBC
RBC must
must bebe aa primary
primary sedimentation
sedimentationtank
tankororaa secondary
secondary
screening with <6 mm opening. A flow balancing tank must also be
screening with < 6 mm opening. A flow balancing tank must also be
provided unless the plant is designed to peak flow.
provided unless the plant is designed to peak flow.
Units must be covered for aesthetics and odour control, and only approved
Units must
media typesbe
arecovered for aesthetics and odour control, and only approved
accepted.
media types are accepted.
Rotating Biological
Contactor
Chemical
Dosing
SludgeDrying Bed
OPTIONAL
Figure
Figure 5.14 –5.14 Trickling
Trickling Filter Systems
Filter Systems
Biofilter
Fine
Pump Flow
Screen
Station Distribution
Screens, Grit Removal
Final Clarifier
Filter Effluent
Raw To River
Sewage
Inlet
Sewage
Pump Station
Liquor
Chemical
Dosing
OPTIONAL
Refer also to Table D.4 for duty standby requirements and relevant clause
MS 1228 for more details.
1. Fill
2. React (Aeration)
3. Settle
4. Decant
5. Idle
In the decant stage, there shall be sufficient time to allow for mixed
liquor suspended solids (MLSS) to settle before effluent decanting begins.
Decanting time is normally much shorter than fill time. Consequently,
the effluent flow rate will also be much higher than influent flow rate.
Hence the design of the decanting weir must be capable to handle high
over-flow rate without scouring the settled sludge. Therefore, sufficient
clear water depth between the minimum water level after decant and
the top of the settled sludge blanket must be allowed for to minimise
sludge carry over. Hence the depth of water decanted must be restricted
to prevent scouring of solids.
All SBR plants must be designed to cater for peak flows. A minimum
of a two (2) tanks system is required. Proven control system in the form
of Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) with complete instruction, and
operational and training manuals must be submitted together with the
design. All SBR systems must be preceded with complete preliminary
works. Allowance shall be provided to completely empty a tank for
maintenance purposes without interrupting the operating sequence of
the plant.
Table 5.16 highlights the key design requirements for an SBR plant.
HRT MLSS
Item Design Parameters Internal recycle
(hrs) (mg/l)
1 1st stage anaerobic 1-2 2 000 – 6 000 RAS from clarifier
2 1st stage anoxic 2-4 2 000 – 6 000 2 to 1 (MLSS
recirculation ratio)
3 1st stage aerobic (oxic) 8 - 12 2 000 – 6 000 3 to 2 (MLSS
recirculation ratio)
4 2nd stage anoxic 2-4 2 000 – 6 000 Mixing
5 2nd stage anaerobic 1-2 2 000 – 6 000 Mixing
6 2nd stage aerobic (oxic) 4 2 000 – 6 000 -
To get To get
phosphate nitrate bac k
Back
TheThe
designer shallshall
designer taketake
all necessary consideration
all necessary in theindesign
consideration in relation
the design in relation
to the specific requirements of the receiving water in determining the
to the specific requirements of the receiving water in determining the actual
nutrient removal
actual requirement
nutrient removal on the case byon
requirement case
thebasis.
case by case basis.
5.9.1 Purpose
I) General
II) Weirs
Multiple hoppers are not accepted. This is due to the settling characteristics
of the particles in the flow. Larger and heavier particles settle faster
than smaller and lighter particles, creating difference in the distribution
of sedimentation in different hoppers. This will present operational
difficulties because sludge removal from the hoppers is unequal. To
avoid the non-uniform withdrawal of sludge, each hopper in the multiple
hopper configuration needs a separate pipe and pump or valve on each
outlet.
Design Criteria
Description Unit
PE ≤ 5,000 PE > 5,000
Minimum number of tanks 2* 2
Tank configuration Square Circular
Circular
Rectangular #
Rectangular
Minimum side water depth m 3** 3
Minimum hydraulic retention time hrs 2 2
(HRT) at Qpeak
Surface overflow rate at Qpeak m3/d/m2 ≤30 ≤30
Solids loading rate at Qpeak kg/d/m2 <150 <150
Solids loading rate at Qavg kg/d/m2 <50 <50
Weir loading rate at Qpeak m3/day/m <180 <180
Return activated sludge (RAS) Continuous Continuous
pumping rate
Waste activated sludge (WAS) Continuous or Continuous or
pumping rate batch batch
Sizing of rectangular tanks
Length : Width 3:1 or greater.
Maximum side water depth m 3.0
Width : Depth 1 : 1 to 2.5 : 1
Sizing of circular tanks
Side water depth, minimum m 3.0 **
Floor slope wall 1:12
Notes:
* For PE less than or equal to 1000 a single clarifier is acceptable.
#
Rectangular tanks are acceptable if equipped with automatic scraping and
desludging devices.
** For square clarifier with 600 slope minimum 1 m side water depth shall
be provided.
5.10 Disinfection
Disinfection refers to the selective destruction of disease causing organisms
in sewage effluent.
The Commission reserves the right to determine the need for the provision
of a continuous disinfection facility.
5.10.1
5.10.1 Design Requirements
Design Requirements
All new STPs must have provision for disinfection infrastructure such
All new STPs
as contact tankmust
andhave provision
other for structures.
necessary disinfection infrastructure
The provisionsuchof as
the
contact tankfacilities
disinfection and other and necessary
equipmentstructures. The provision
shall be in accordance of 5.19
to Table the
disinfection facilities andshall
below. The disinfection equipment shallout
be carried be in
in continuous
accordance orto intermittent
Table 5.19
below.
mode. The disinfection shall be carried out in continuous or intermittent
mode.
Table 5.19: Requirements for Disinfection Facility
Table 5.19: Requirements for Disinfection Facility
Description Continuous Intermittent
Class of STP*
Description Class 4
Continuous Class 1
Intermittent
Class of STP* Class 4 Class1 2
Class
Class2 3
Class
Type of Disinfection Chlorination Chlorination
Class 3
Type of Disinfection Ultra-violet (UV)
Chlorination Chlorination
Ozone
Ultra-Violet (UV)
Facility (1duty/1standby) for Basic facility structure.
Ozone
equipment
*Facility
The Commission may impose separate
(1Duty/1Standby) for requirements on case by case
Basic facility
basis. equipment structure.
"A"
"A"
FLOW
PDC
TOP VIEW
(Cables removed for Clarity)
FRONT ACCESS
STILING PLATES
LEVEL PROBE
FLOW
Service
Electrically Operated Power Distribution
Station Cleaning Area Jib Host Data center (PDDC)
Liner with covet
304 Stainless Steel
Station Cleaning drain Electrically Operated Power Distribution
Power Cable
Station Cleaning Jib Host Data center (PDDC)
Liner with covet Signal Cable
304 Stainless Steel from Plant Flow meter
Station Cleaning drain
PLAN VIEW Power Cable
Signal Cable
from Plant Flow meter
PLAN VIEW
Influent
Channel
Influent
Channel Influent
Channel
Influent
Channel SECTION "A - A"
CALIBRATION COLUMN
RELIEF VALVE
CALIBRATION COLUMN
RELIEF VALVE
BACK PRESSURE
CHEMICAL CONTROL
FEED PUMP
BACK PRESSURE
CHEMICAL CONTROL
FEED PUMP
STORAGE TANK
STORAGE TANK
Operating Temperature 18 – 40 oC
Note:
*Enclosed system shall be permitted under special circumstances
a) Due to the infrequent usage and other health and safety considerations
in an intermittent disinfection system, ONLY liquid hypochlorite,
either calcium or sodium, shall be used.
b) A chlorine contact chamber shall be provided with a minimum of
15 minutes hydraulic retention time at peakflow. This chamber
shall be of a rectangular configuration with aspect ratios optimised
to promote plug flow conditions. The recommended aspect ratios
are as follows:
i) Length to width (each “Pass”): 6:1
ii) Minimum number of passes: 4
iii) Height to width of the cross-section of the wetted section:
< 2:1
iv) Depth of chlorine contact chamber is typically 2 – 3 m.
The corners shall be rounded to reduce the dead flow
areas and the velocity through the contact chamber shall
be sufficient to minimise solids deposition.
Design Criteria
Description
PE ≤ 5,000 PE > 5,000
Location of flow Inlet or Outlet Inlet and Outlet
meter
Type of Flow Closed Conduit or Open Closed Conduit or Open
Measurement Channel Channel
Type of flow meter V- notch (Outlet Only) V-notch (Outlet Only)
Rectangular Weir (Outlet Only) Rectangular (Outlet Only)
Flumes Flumes
Electromagnetic Electromagnetic
Ultrasonic Ultrasonic
Method of • Automated or manual Automated devices linked to
measurement measurement of Staff gauge data logging with integrator
to measure height of crest and transmitted to chart
with calibration curves / recorder
tables (minimum 7 days chart time)
Measurement Continuous or Intermittent Continuous
times
5.12.1 Introduction
All sludge need to be treated for safe disposal back to the environment.
The minimum requirement for sludge treatment is to achieve stabilize
sludge with a 20% dry solid content.
For large scale development whereby the full sludge generation will
only be achieved over a certain time period, proper sizing/modulation
of sludge treatment facilities need to be provided in order to achieve
the immediate needs for sludge treatment.
Figure 5.20 shows the typical sludge treatment and disposal strategy
which consists of three main stages.
Two types of digestion facilities are available for digestion after the
thickening: aerobic and anaerobic digestion.
If the Service Licensee has the capacity to receive sludge generated from
the development, then the project proponent has the option to negotiate
with the Service Licensee to dispose off the sludge at the existing
facility. In this case, a sludge storage tank with a minimum capacity to
hold for 30 days with the sludge thickened to 1% solids is acceptable.
Otherwise, the sludge shall be stabilised, dewatered and prepared in a
suitable form for disposal.
Note:
Based on the above assumptions, the quantity of waste sludge requiring treatment and disposal can
be estimated. Refer also to design guides related to each of the above individual processes.
Speed of
Backwash
% Dry Polymer Sludge
Type of Thickening water
Solids System feed
system
pump
Note:
a) Mechanical thickener shall be designed for 8 hrs/day and 5 days/week
operation.
b) For belt, drum and centrifuge thickener, three polymer injection
points shall be provided
c) Potable water to be provided for polymer mixing system.
Design Criteria
Description Unit Aerobic Anaerobic
Digestion Digestion
Number of Tank, Minimum No. 2 2
Min. Solids Retention Time Days 10 18
Organic Loading Rate KgVS/m3.d 1.6 – 4.8 0.8 – 1.6
Typical Feed Solids % 2 2-6
Concentration
Type of Mixing Aerators Gas Injection
Diffusers Mechanical
Stirring
Mechanical
Pumping
Min. Water Depth, minimum m 3 7.5
Tank Shape Cylindrical Cylindrical
Rectangular Egg-Shaped
Tank Dimension, maximum m 25 diameter 25 diameter
25 length
Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 1-2 -
Design Considerations
Descriptions Unit
PE ≤ 2,000 PE > 2,000
Sludge Stabilisation
Type of stabilisation Simple anaerobic or Ambient anaerobic
process aerobic digestion digestion with good mixing
facility
Hydraulic retention time Days 30 30
(HRT) minimum
Dewatering
Type of device Belt press Belt press
Centrifuge Centrifuge
Filter press Filter press
Drying bed Drying bed *
Minimum dry solids % 20 20
(content after dewatering)
Operating period of 5 days/week # 5 days/week #
mechanical thickening 8 hours/day 8 hours/day
and dewatering facility 250 days/year 250 days/year
Handling capacity of 4 weeks cycle on 4 weeks cycle on
drying bed 450 mm thick feed † 450 mm thick feed †
Covered storage area 1 month holding 1 month holding
Notes:
a) Access ramp of at least 1.5 m wide shall be provided at all sludge drying
beds
* Drying beds must be designed to support mechanical/machine lift for more
than 10 000 PE.
#
Design to be based on one full-time working shift only.
†
In computing the area requirements of a sludge drying bed, the designer may
assume a maximum 450 mm depth of sludge feed to the bed. The actual
quantity of sludge from the upstream unit processes needs to be computed
before sizing the bed. Each bed may be designed to handle a maximum of
7 days continuous feed. The next feed to the same bed shall only be after
a minimum of 21 days from the last feed. A one-third (1/3) reduction in
actual land area requirement will be acceptable if fully covered drying beds
are provided. Reduction shall only apply to the total surface area of drying
Untreated Sludge
Screening
Primary Thickening
Preliminary
Treatment
and Digestion
Chemical Conditioning
Conditioning
and
Dewatering
Storage at works
To inlet of STW
Utilisation
Composting or
and
on-site Liquor Treatment Plant
Disposal
Transportation from works
Land Application
Land Reclamation Landfill Site
Forestry/Agriculture
V) Ultimate Disposal
5.13.1 Introduction
I) Filtration system
a) Filtration is the most common tertiary treatment system used to
remove suspended or colloidal matter in the effluent.
b) Backwashing shall be limited to once per day. The volume
of backwash water shall not exceed 10% of plant throughout.
Backwash water shall be stored in a buffer tank before being
return to the inlet of the plant.
c) Where used, the facility for dosing conditioners shall be provided
at the inlet of the filter system.
d) On-line turbidity meter, level detector and flow measurement shall
be utilized to measure filter performance.
e) If the filters are housed in a building, adequate and safe access
shall be provided for maintenance purposes.
f) The filters shall have automated backwash features and sized
adequately to allow continuous filtration.
V) Reoxygenation
a) This method is used to increase the dissolved oxygen (DO) levels
in the effluent.
a) PondMaturation
(VI)
systems are normally not encouraged because it requires
ponds
large land area and the inherent difficulty in controlling algal
a) Pond systems are normally not encouraged because it requires large
growth. In special
land area cases, difficulty
and the inherent where land is in abundance,
in controlling algal growth.the
In project
proponent may where
special cases, choose
landtois in
use this system.
abundance, the project proponent may
choose to use this system.
Figure 5.21 Typical Roof Details for Covered Sludge Drying Bed
Figure 5.21 – Typical Roof Details for Covered Sludge Drying Bed
Requirements for
Ancillary Facilities
Requirements for Ancillary Facilities
6.1 Introduction
This section defines the minimum requirements of ancillary facilities
to be provided at the sewage treatment plants. These requirements are
crucial in ensuring the workability and operability of the plants.
The water supply system shall be sized to meet the following cases:
All water supplies and its installation (piping, tanks, air conditioning
drainpipes, gutters and etc.) must be totally isolated from all potential
contact of electrical system by means of total enclosure or suitably
located the electrical system above flood level.
Where required, wash water shall be equipped with booster pump and
where possible, obtain from reclaimed water.
Table 6.1 tabulates the minimum number and location of stand pipe
required in a sewage treatment plant. Typical drawing of stand pipe
are shown in Figure 6.1
800
76 648 76
76
8
64
100
0
80
76
STAND PIPE
6.3
6.3 Mess Facilitiesand
Mess Facilities andAblutions
Ablutions
All
All treatment plants shall
treatment plants shallhave
havea aminimum
minimum of of
oneone sanitary
sanitary set consisting
set consisting of
of a toilet and wash basin. Washing facilities, toilets and showers
a toilet and wash basin. Washing facilities, toilets and showers shall be shall
be provided
provided for for operators
operators at allatClass
all Class
3 and 3Class
and 4Class
plants4with
plants
PE with PE
greater
Covered Porch
Manager’s /
2
Engineer’s Office
1 4
Reception Area General Office
3 Supervisor's Office
5
Meeting /
Briefing Room
14 12
Control Room
Workshop
8 Sample Reception
& Preparation
7 Male
Toilet
7 Female 9 9
Toilet Clean Locker Room Dirty Locker Room
Prayer Recreation Area
6
Room 10
Pantry
9
13 11 Toilet / Shower
General Store Eating Area
Note : The numbers on the layout correspond to the numbers in Table B.1.
The layout is only for indicative purposes only and can be changed ( i.e. floor space and other arrangement)
to suit the plant’s needs and requirements.
4000
4000
FALL FALL
The on-site road shall be able to provide safe and convenient access for
trucks
The or other
on-site road machinery equipment
shall be able usedsafe
to provide for and
maintenance purposes.
convenient The
access for
152 trucks or other machinery equipment
Volume 4 used for maintenance purposes. The
Malaysian Sewerage
Industry Guidelines
The on-site road shall be able to provide safe and convenient access for
trucks or other machinery equipment used for maintenance purposes.
The minimum width of the road shall be 4 meter Where vehicles need
to pass frequently or parking is required along the road, the minimum
width shall be 6 m.
6.5 Drainage
The area of the treatment plant shall be adequately drained and this
shall be arranged to prevent surface water run-off from entering the
process units.
External drainage facilities must be provided for treatment plant along the
slope area. Cut off drainage at the entrance must also be provided.
The fence shall be 2.4 meter solid wall with three strands of 0.6 meter
high barbed wire. Typical details of the fence are given in Figure 6.5,
6.6, 6.7 and 6.8.
3 NOS. 2.5 DIA. BARBED WIRE 3 NOS. 2.5mm DIA. BARBED WIRE
600
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
BRICKWALL FENCE
BRICKWALL FENCE
2400
6"x6"
Volume 4
Volume 4
CONCRETE
150
COLUMN @ 3m
225
INTERNAL
900
225
63 x 63 x 6
THK. ANGLE
150
14 3
155
Requirements for Ancillary Facilities
156
3200
800
230
R6-200 R6-200
100 x 125mm COPING BEAM 100 x 125mm COPING BEAM 230 x 230mm RC COLUMN
AT 3.2m INTERVALS
A 4T12
LINKS R6-150
C C
2200
115mm THK BRICKWALL
PLASTERED ON BOTH SIDE
2200
SURFACE TO BE ROUGHENED
2T12 2T12
2T12 B 2T12 FINISHED GRD. LEVEL FINISHED GRD. LEVEL
R6-150 R6-150
300
300
2T12 2T12
115 x 300mm GROUND BEAM B
MIN. 900
MIN. 900
115 x 300mm GROUND BEAM
230
230
50mm LEAN CONCRETE 750 x 750 x 230mm
Requirements for Ancillary Facilities
RC FOOTING
750 750
750 750
50mm LEAN CONCRETE 4T12 B/W
R6-200 R6-100
3 STRANDS P.V.C. COATED BARBED 150 230
R6-200
WIRE ATTACHED TO POST BY 75
HEAVY SPLIT PINS 125 T12 T12
T12 T12
800
230
63 x 63 x 6mm M.S. ANGLE T12 T12
300
T12
100
WITH 3 STRANDS OF BARBED WIRE T12
45°
T12 T12
100 x 125mm COPING BEAM
Volume 4
300
SECTION A-A SECTION B-B SECTION C-C
115mm THICK CEMENT / SAND
BRICKWALL WITH 20 PLASTERING
BOTH SIDES NOTES :
2200
2. MINIMUM COVER TO REINFORCEMENT SHALL BE 25mm.
4. BRICKWORK SHALL BE REINFORCED WITH EXPANDED METAL OR "EXMET" AT EVERY FOURTH COURSE COMMENCINGS TWO COURSES ABOVE GROUND BEAM LEVEL.
Figure 6.6 Brickwall Fencing
150 x 300mm GROUND BEAM 5. BRICKWORK WALLS SHALL BE ANCHORED TO CONCRETE FACES USING GALVANISED FISHTAIL A NCHORS TO LAP IN WITH THE BRICK REINFORCEMENT AT EVERY
300
FOURTH COURSE COMMENCING TWO COURSES ABOVE GROUND BEAM LEVEL.
MIN. 900
230
750 x 750 x 230mm FOOTING 7. PLASTERING AND RENDERING TO SURFACE OF BRICKWALL SHALL BE FINISHED TO A MINIMUM THICKNERS OF 20mm WITH 1:3 CEMENT-SAND NORTAR.
750
PAINTING
TYPICAL CROSS SECTION OF BRICKWALL FENCING 1.) ALL EXPOSED WALL SHALL BE PAINTED WITH ONE UNDERCOAT OF APPROVED RESISTING PRIMER SEALER AND TWO COATS OF
APPROVED WEATHER RESISTANT EMULSION PAINT.
2.) TWO BANDS OF IWK'S COLOUR WITH OVERALL HEIGHTS OF 400mm SHALL BE PAINTED ON EXTERIOR FACE OF THE WALL.
Industry Guidelines
Malaysian Sewerage
3200 3200
230
800
800
LINKS R6-150
230 x 230mm
RC COLUMN
AT 3m INTERVALS
2200
2200
PRE-CAST CONCRETE
WALL 75mm THICK
SURFACE TO BE ROUGHENED
Volume 4
3 STRANDS P.V.C. COATED BARBED
WIRE ATTACHED TO POST BY 75 T12 T12
HEAVY SPLIT PINS
230
800
63 x 63 x 6mm M.S. ANGLE T12 T12
WITH 3 STRANDS OF BARBED WIRE
45°
SECTION A-A
300
PRE-CAST CONCRETE WALL
75mm THICK NOTES :
1. ALL CONCRETE USED SHALL BE GRADE C25.
Figure 6.7 Precast Fencing
2200
PRE-CAST CONCRETE WALL
75mm THICK 3. FOUNDATION AS PER THE DESIGN OF THE ENGINEER-IN-CHARGE.
PAINTING
1.) ALL EXPOSED WALL SHALL BE PAINTED WITH ONE UNDERCOAT OF APPROVED RESISTING
PRIMER SEALER AND TWO COATS OF APPROVED WEATHER RESISTANT EMULSION PAINT.
2.) TWO BANDS OF IWK'S COLOUR WITH OVERALL HEIGHTS
OF 400mm SHALL BE PAINTED ON EXTERIOR FACE OF THE WALL.
3.) COLOUR STANDARDS
TYPICAL CROSS SECTION OF PRE-CAST FENCING A.) INTERIOR/EXTERIOR WALL - DULUX TUNGSTEN (10412) OR EQUIVALENT
B.) BANDS - BLUE - DULUX GLOSS FINISH
(PANTONE 300C) OR EQUIVALENT
- GREEN - DULUX GLOSS FINISH
(PANTONE 354C) OR EQUIVALENT
157
Requirements for Ancillary Facilities
158
146
B
3 STRANDS P.V.C. COATED BARBED- WIRE
ATTACHED TO POST BY
HEAVY SPLIT PINS
63 x 63 x 6mm M.S. ANGLE
Requirements
Figure
Facilities
1 NO HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT
Figure
B
ELEVATION
SECTION A-A
ANTI-CLIMB
Volume 4
Volume 4
SECTION B-B
6.86.8 Masonry
Masony
NOTE :-
1 NO. HORIZONTOL REINFORCEMENT 1. FOUNDATION AS PER THE DESIGN OF THE ENGINEER-IN-CHARGE
390mmx190mm190mm BOND BEAM BLOCK 2. ALL MASONRY UNITS (CONCRETE BLOCKS) USED MUST BE UNDER
SIRIM CERTIFICATION SCHEME
3. CONCRETE MIX USED FOR GROUTING TO BE GRADE 20
Fencing
PAINTING
390mmx190mmx114mm FULL BLOCK
1.) ALL EXPOSED WALL SHALL BE PAINTED WITH ONE UNDERCOAT
OF APPROVED RESISTING PRIMER SEALER AND TWO COATS OF
APPROVED WEATHER RESISTANT EMULSION PAINT.
2.) TWO BANDS OF IWK'S COLOUR WITH OVERALL HEIGHTS
OF 400mm SHALL BE PAINTED ON EXTERIOR FACE OF THE WALL.
1 NO HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT 3.) COLOUR STANDARDS
A.) INTERIOR/EXTERIOR WALL - DULUX TUNGSTEN (10412)
390mmx190mmx190mm BOND BEAM BLOCK
B.) BANDS - BLUE - DULUX GLOSS FINISH OR EQUIVALENT
(PANTONE 300C) OR EQUIVALENT
- GREEN - DULUX GLOSS FINISH
(PANTONE 354C) OR EQUIVALENT
Industry Guidelines
Malaysian Sewerage
Industry Guidelines
Malaysian Sewerage
Requirements for Ancillary Facilities
Premix or Paved area shall be provided at this zone for all class 1
treatment plants with loading equal or less than 1000 PE or where
necessary.
All Class 4 Treatment plants that exceed 20 000 PE and have a pump
station within the premises shall be provided with an active store and
workshop.
6.9 Spares
Typical spare parts requirements are provided in Table 6.2. Spare parts
shall be obtained from the original manufacturer of the equipment and
shall be packed and protected for storage to BS1133 requirement.
Minimum
Class of Population
Numbers Location
STP Equivalent
of Unit
105
290
105
6000
250 STANDARD GALVANISED
STREET LAMP POST
FRONT VIEW
SIDE VIEW
LAMP POST
Safe access and walkways shall be provided at all process units and
equipment (valves, penstocks, aeration tanks, etc.) that require service
and maintenance. Safety handrails shall also be installed at walkways
and other working areas with a fall greater than 2 m. Typical details
of hand rail are shown in Figure 6.10
Provision for fire detection, alarm and fire fighting equipment shall
be complying with the latest requirements in the Uniform Building
Bylaws, the Institute of Electrical Engineers (IEE) guidelines and other
statutory requirements.
All plants located adjacent to earth slopes shall be provided with proper
slope protection structures. The slope protection design must be certified
by Qualified Professional Engineer.
6.14 Doors
All external doors shall be of weather proof and suitable for out-door
installation.
All plants shall be provided with toilet. The toilet shall consist of water
tap, water closet, shower and wash basin. The area for toilet shall
comply with Uniform Building By Laws. Toilet to be located beside
the control panel building. Toilets can also be located in the mess or
office building.
Safe lifting weight in unrestricted area is 16 kg. For heavier objects and/
or very tight locations, provision of crane or access for truck mounted
crane to be made.
All portable motorised hoist shall be of 230 V operating voltage and fixed
electrical hoist shall be of 415 V operating voltage.
All fixed 3 axis type gantry shall come with additional safety features
such as travel stop limit switch, hoist over run limit switch, slow &
fast speed mode and emergency stop (for all type of hoist).
All fixed type outdoor lifting facility futures shall comprise of hoist
parking bay with shade. All fixed type lifting facility shall come with
working platform and excess ladder.
6.19 Ventilation
6.21 Aesthetic
Unpaved area within the STP reserve shall be turfed with close turfing.
The type of grass must be “cow grass”. For slope area, turf must be
pegged to avoid grass wash away during water run-off.
Roof for control panel shall be of flat roof and shall be installed with
water proving material on the final layer. The slope of flat roof shall
be 1: 20 and gutter shall be provided.
However, for the aesthetic purpose Pitch type roof may be provided.
The slope shall be 30 degree from horizontal. Suitable material for roof
such as roof tile is recommended.
6.24 Painting
Painting shall include all plant and machinery inside buildings, including
pipework, grating, handrailing, internal walls below ground level and
all metal work including machinery.
Colour codes selected for general equipment, building and others items
in a sewage treatment plants shall be adhered to colour standards as
detailed in Table 6.5. The types of paint and surface preparation used
shall be as recommended by the paint manufacturer.
Equivalent Colour
Item Colour
Guide
General Equipment including motors Dark Blue Dulux Regal Blue
(unless come with the original manufacturer 0013
approved colour code)
Par Mandarin Blue
0013
Penstocks/Valves/Manhole Covers Black Par Bituminous Black
Machinery Guards/Railings/Runways/ Yellow Dulux Lemon 2024
Overhead Cranes/Lifting Davit
Par Golden Yellow
Switchboards Light Grey Dulux Pewter 695
Par Willow Grey
00A05
Fencing poles/Gates Green Dulux A365-13449
Par Green 3666
Building and Walls – Exterior Grey Dulux BS 00A05-
(Weathersheild) 10235
Building and Walls - Interior White
Fencewall – Interior and Exterior Grey Dulux BS 00A05-
10235
Floors - Concrete Interior Green Leigh Green 3666
Building Stripes Green Dulux A910-13448
Par Green 3666
Blue Dulux A910-11482
Par Blue 2686
Indah Water Logo (where applicable) Indah Water Dulux A365-13449
Green Par Green 1006
Indah Water Dulux A365-11483
Blue Par Blue 1007
Notes:
The above painting requirements are not applicable to stainless steel, aluminium,
galvanised metal surfaces except where necessary to comply with statutory health
and safety requirement.
550
1
21/4
1100
100 33
150-250
SIDE PALM BASE
TYPICAL RUN OF HANDRAIL AS
VIEWED FROM WALKWAY SIDE
FLAT BASE
TUBULAR STANDARDS
550
1
21/4
1100
12
100
150-250
100 36
TRIANGULAR BASE
TYPICAL RUN OF HANDRAIL AS
VIEWED FROM WALKWAY SIDE
ROUND BASE
TUBULAR STANDARDS
550
50
0
90
75
Requirements for Ancillary Facilities 50
25
20 25 20
25
6
450
30
120
6 FILLET WELDED
10
50 OD=98
0
SAFE WORKING 90
LOAD TO BE PLAT THICKNESS 10
INDICATED
75
50
25
1775
250
260
20 25 20
25
30° FL FL
6
450
30
120
DETAIL `A'
6 FILLET WELDED
10
OD = 118
OD=98
SAFE WORKING
LOAD TO BE PLAT THICKNESS 10 DETAIL `A'
INDICATED
250
260
DETAIL `A'
203x203x46Kg/m UB 1800
203x133x25Kg/m UB
315
203x133x
25Kg/m UB
2160
2340
1200
2340
203x203x46Kg/m UB 1800
180
203x133x25Kg/m UB
315
203x133x
25Kg/m UB
1500
TO PROVIDE WITH ROLLER OR FIX TO THE CONCRETE TO PROVIDE WITH ROLLER OR FIX TO THE CONCRETE
2340
1500
TO PROVIDE WITH ROLLER OR FIX TO THE CONCRETE TO PROVIDE WITH ROLLER OR FIX TO THE CONCRETE
FLOOR (TO SYSTEM SUPPLIER DESIGN) FLOOR (TO SYSTEM SUPPLIER DESIGN)
Special Requirements
Special Requirements
7.1.1 Definition
Category 1
For temporary treatment of sewage during the upgrading of an existing
sewerage treatment facility
Category 2
For temporary treatment of sewage during initial stage of a new housing
development where it is not feasible to construct a plant of ultimate
capacity during initial stage or it is located within the catchment of a
centralised sewerage system.
During the upgrading of an existing treatment plant, the sewage flows into
that plant shall be directed to a temporary treatment plant for treatment
before discharge. The treatment process of the temporary plant shall
be designed and calculated based on: the duration of the project, total
existing flow and the compliance requirements. The temporary treatment
shall be monitored at regular interval. Approval from the Commission
and DOE must be obtained prior any direct discharge of the untreated
sewage into the receiving watercourse. The temporary treatment plant
shall be located within the compound of the existing site. The temporary
treatment plant shall not be built on other site area unless approval is
granted by the Commission
Filter systems may use refurbished filter material that meet the relevant
standards. However, other equipment used within the works shall be
new. Second-hand equipment is strictly prohibited.
Temporary plant shall remain as private plant. The owner must appoint
a licensed operator to operate and maintain the plant.
7.2.1 Introduction
a) Access
b) Ventilation
c) Electrical requirements for lighting system
d) Noise control
e) Process type
f) Inlet works
g) Pre-treatment
h) Confined space safety
i) Odour Control
j) Discharge systems
k) Flood mitigation measures
l) Operation and maintenance
m) General safety and health
n) Sludge handling
o) Sanitary and plumbing facilities
p) Fire Fighting Equipment
I) Access
II) Ventilation
V) Process Type
The type of treatment process must be limited to systems that are easy
to operate and maintain for reasons of:
a) lower sludge yield and more stable sludge characteristics
b) lower operational and maintenance requirements
VII) Pre-treatment
a) Operators must:
i) attend a recognised confined spaces training course,
ii) obtain training certificates, and
iii) be certified competent to operate in such an environment.
b) Confined space areas within the plant site must be clearly
identified before handover for operation.
c) Confined space areas must be demarcated and warning notices
placed.
d) Confined space procedures must be established and followed by
operatives.
X) Discharge Systems
Most basement plants will lie below the level of the running drain
levels. Therefore, it is essential to:
a) provide an effluent collecting sump prior to pumped discharge.
b) provide a check valve at the end of the discharge pipe to prevent
the backflow from the monsoon drain to the treatment plant.
c) provide a 100% redundancy of the discharge pumping
capacity.
When approved, fully enclosed treatment plants must comply with the
general requirements set out in Section 3, 4 and 5 of this Volume and
also specific requirements in this Section 7.3 for the following:
I) Odour Control
The potential for odour generation, its impact and treatment, shall be
considered in all aspects of design.
The range of odorous constituents in such biogenic odours is very
wide and they include: hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, thiols and other
organic sulfur compounds, amines, indole and skatole, volatile fatty
acids and a wide range of organic compounds produced by anaerobic
fermentation.
Particular problems can be found at: Inlet works, primary tanks,
secondary treatment, sites for transfer, storage and treatment of raw
sludges and leakages.
A separate local exhaust system, for containment and exhaust of odorous
air to treatment, will isolate such odours from the general ventilation
system.
Odour treatment equipment shall be selected such that odour is reduced
to the lowest possible level and in compliance with the EQA.
Containment, exhaust and treatment shall be designed as an integrated
package.
ii) Aluminum
V) Noise Level
b) The top of the plant shall be located at least 150 mm above the
finished surface level to prevent the inflow of surface run off
into the enclosed plant.
c) Good perimeter drainage is to be provided to ensure that the
plant is not flooded.
Covered and buried treatment plants refer to treatment plants with covers
that are placed below ground or not more than 1.2 m above ground level.
Covers are provided to reduce the odour, noise and visual impact.
7.4.2 General
Covered and buried treatment plants have inherent hazard and restriction
in operability in their actual operation and maintenance. The requirements
in the following sections serve to highlight the minimum improvements
that must be made to these plants in addition to those set out in Section
3, 4, 5 and 6 of this Volume.
The design of these tanks must allow for adequate openings so that
the operator can carry out routine operation and maintenance works
in a safe, efficient and effective manner. These requirements apply to
all unit processes that are covered or buried from the inlet works to
the effluent chamber. Staggered square openings of roughly 600 mm
x 600 mm employed in the past for plants of this nature would not be
acceptable. These openings, as a minimum, must be opened top around
the periphery of the tank.
The designer must take into account the confined space and other related
safety issues for entry into such a tank. Provision of proper access into
each individual tank is mandatory. Where the depth exceeds 2.5 m,
steps with intermediate landings must be included. Other requirements,
such as adequate ventilation prior to tank entry, must be considered and
provided in the design.
Piping for buried plant shall be exposed and accessible for ease of
maintenance. PVC pipes are not allowed.
VI) Lighting
V) Hand Railings
Hand railing provisions must be made to prevent falling into open spaces.
These hand rails must be provided on the perimeter of the open tanks
and further enhanced with kick plates.
IX) Ventilation
Adequate ventilation must be made available to allow for the safe routine
operation and scheduled maintenance of the treatment plant. During
X) Odour Control
The designer must account for the buoyancy effects in the design of buried
or covered tanks. This effect is of concern during high groundwater
conditions and emptying of the tank content during desludging works.
Furthermore, the designer must ensure that the design of these tanks
accounts for the hydrostatic force exerted on the floor from the outside
does not exceed the compressive strength of these covered or buried
tanks. This is to prevent any breakthrough of the floor and subsequent
failure of the tank.
The designer must ensure that the design of these tank at worse case
scenario where the tank is fully emptied. This is to prevent any breakthrough
of the floor and subsequent failure of the tank.
XII) Covers
Covers if employed for odour, visual and noise impacts shall be subjected
to the following requirements:
a) Lifting may be unaided if the covers are hinged and weigh less
16 kg.
b) Assisted lifting is required if the covers weigh equal to or above
16 kg.
c) The cover shall comply with BS EN124 loading requirements.
d) If the cover is exposed to the environment,
i) Plastic or fibreglass cover if used, must be manufactured with
UV inhibitor and will not warp or deform due to weathering
effect.
ii) Metal covers if used, must have appropriate corrosion resistant
coating in accordance to Section 4 of this Volume.
iii) Where chipping might occurs at the edge of the cover,
stainless steel reinforcement frame on all sides of a plastic
or FRP cover shall be provided.
XIII) Fencing
The owner must provide all septic tanks as part of the owner’s infrastructure
works.
iii) Developers shall ensure that home owners enter into an agreement
with the supplier of the systems or licensed contractors, to carry
out operation and maintenance of the system as per design
requirements.
iv) Tanks shall be desludged by the Service Licensee as per terms
of the agreement signed between the Services Licensee and the
Commission.
v) The Commission and DOE may impose stringent conditions, if
they believe that such measures are required to ensure that the
sewage from the development will not result in an adverse impact
on the environment.
This section describes the types of incidents, which are outside the
control of the operator that may cause a sewage treatment plant to fail its
effluent consent. Generally, the more sophisticated the treatment process,
the more a process is at risk of failure from one of these incidents. It
would be unreasonable to expect the operator of the treatment plants to
perform within the effluent quality standards following such incidents.
However, the operator must always use his best endeavours to rectify
the situation as soon as practicable following such an incident.
I) Power Interruption
However, the crude sewage will pass through the plant receiving only
rudimentary treatment and will probably fail to comply with Standard
A and Standard B.
On new works, all treatment plants will be fitted with auto-restart facilities
for immediate resumption of operation when power is reconnected.
II) Lightning
During this period the plant may fail to comply with the relevant
standards.
During periods of very heavy rain, areas of the local sewer network may
suffer such ingress of storm water that surcharge of the sewer system
will result, causing abnormally large flows to arrive at the STP inlet.
Under these conditions, the treatment plant would receive much higher flows
than that designed for and would suffer severe hydraulic overloading.
The effect would be a rapid wash through of sewage and solids causing
the works to fail to meet standards.
All new plants must be equipped with standby units having an automatic
change over system in the event of failure.
Existing plants may be out of action for several days while repairs are
carried out to failed equipment. To help alleviate this problem, the operator
needs to carry critical spare parts to help speed the repair process.
Such discharges to the sewer system would almost always result in the
sewage treatment plant failing to comply until the effects of the discharge
have passed through the system.
A blockage in the main sewer network system often causes the sewage
to build up behind the blockage and turn septic.
The sudden release of this large volume of septic sewage by the clearance
of the blockage, may cause temporary overloading of the treatment plant
and lead to a reduction in effluent quality beyond the absolute standard
for a short period of time.
IX) Defect
a) Minor Defect
Non-critical, do not immediately or unduly affect the performance
of the plant but nevertheless, require attention to rectify faults
within reasonable time frame.
b) Major Defect
Critical or serious and require immediate action to be taken in
rectifying faults, impair plant performance, unit processes, or
system components.
Package Sewage
Treatment Plant
Package Sewage Treatment Plant
8.1 Definition
A package sewage treatment plant is a form of treatment plant both for fixed
film and suspended growth processes. It shall consist of a prefabricated
biological treatment system and be limited to the development of the
sewage treatment system between the ranges of 150 to 5000 populations
equivalent (PE).
I) Inlet works
a) Primary screen.
b) Pump Station (if applicable).
c) Secondary screen.
d) Grit and grease chambers.
The dimension of each tank shall be fixed for each model of the prefabricated
system. All these items shall not be changed once approved.
The physical properties of the tanks for package plants shall meet the
material requirements for STP structures as stipulated in Section 4 of this
MSIG. The prefabricated tanks shall come as complete tanks, thus no
The following table provides the recommended number of tanks for each
unit process against the P.E size. The effective volume consideration is also
incorporated in the table.
Table 8.2 Recommended Number of Tanks and Effective Volume
Table 8.2: Consideration
Recommendedfor Number
Various ofUnit
Tanks and Effective Volume
Processes
Consideration for Various Unit Processes
Aeration Tank 2 4
Anoxic Tank 2 4
Clarifier 2 4
Sludge 2 4
Holding Tank
Note: Low water level (LWL) is the minimum submergence level of the pumps
to protect it from damage. It is dependent on the type of the pumps, thus
the low water level shall be set according to the pump’s manufacturers
requirement Top Water Level (TWL) is the normal operating water level
with adequate freeboard provided.
8.5 Appurtenances
8.5.1 Piping system
8.5.1.1 General
All inlet and outlet pipes of the units of prefabricated biological treatment
system must be pre-fitted at the factory. On-site drilling for holes is
strictly prohibited. All jointing and pipe holes connection shall be factory
fabricated/moulded.
a) The air distribution pipe used shall be rigid and can withstand
temperatures up to 150 ºC and pressures of 25% more than the
design pressure of the blower.
b) The air pipe from the blower to the process unit shall be above
ground.
The pumps installed in the package system shall meet the requirements
as stated in Table 8.3 below:
8.5.3 Diffuser
Note: 1. The collar of the manhole shall be raised with a minimum height
of 100 mm above ground level.
2. The cover shall be equipped with a frame support and hinge, and
attached to the manhole opening.
3. Each manhole cover must be properly labeled / marked for ease
of identification of the unit process of the system.
4. NA – not applicable
The tank anchor system (straps, cables, turnbuckles, etc.) shall have
strength of at least 1.5 times the maximum uplift force of an empty tank
without backfill in place. All wire straps, cables and turnbuckles must
be made of Grade 304 stainless steel.
8.5.7 Landscaping
The odour treatment shall be incorporated into the package sewage treatment
plant and shall follow the requirements stipulated in Section 7.4.
Tables
Appendix A - Tables
Appendix A Tables
Table A1 Contaminants of Concern in Sewage Treatment
Table A2 Typical Composition of Untreated Domestic Sewage
Table A3 Major Biological Treatment Processes Used for Sewage Treatment
Table A4 Interim National River Water Quality Standards for Malaysia
Table A5 River Clarification
Table A6 The Occupational Safety and Health Act 514, 1994 – Brief
Summary of Contents
Table A7 Permissible limits for potentially toxic elements in soil
Table A8 Options for disposal of Sludge and reuse of biosolids
Heavy metals Heavy metals are usually added to sewage from commercial
and industrial activities and may have to be removed if the
sewage is to be reused.
Concentration (mg/l)
Constituent
Strong Medium Weak
Solids, total 1200 720 350
Dissolved, total 850 500 250
Fixed 525 300 145
Volatile 325 200 105
Suspended, total 350 220 100
Fixed 75 55 20
Volatile 275 165 80
Settleable solids, ml/l 20* 10* 5*
Biochemical oxygen demand, 400 250 110
5 day, 20°C (BOD5, 20°C)
Aerobic processes
Anoxic processes
Table A3 (continued)
Anaerobic processes
Classes*
Parameters (units)
II IIA IIB III IV V
Ammoniacal Nitrogen 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.9 2.7 >2.7
(mg/l)
BOD5 (mg/l) 1 3 3 6 12 >12
Taste N N N - -
Total Diss. Solid# 500 1000 - - 4000
(mg/l)
Total SS (mg/l) 25 50 50 150 300 >300
Temperature (0C) - Normal - Normal - -
±2 ±2
Turbidity (NTU) 5 50 50 - - -
F. Colif. †(counts/100 10 100 400 5000 5000 -
ml)
Tot. Colif. (counts/100 100 5000 5000 (20 000)‡ (20 000)‡ > 50 000
ml)
50 000 50 000
Class Uses
IV Irrigation
Note: This data is adapted from the Water Quality Criteria and Standards for
Malaysia, Final Report July 1986, Department of Environment.
Table A6 The Occupational Safety and Health Act 514, 1994 - Brief
Summary of Contents
I Preliminary
II Appointment of Offices
XIII Appeals
XIV Regulations
XV Miscellaneous
The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) was enacted by the Parliament
in 1994. In general, it is an enabling law in that the duties, responsibilities,
penalties and guidelines are to be followed by each specific industry. The
following table provides an outline of OSHA.
Parts of OSHA have a specific target audience. For example, if the professional
is a designer, then Part V would be applicable with respect to Occupational,
Safety and Health in their design.
Zinc 900
Copper 250
Nickel 150
Cadmium 12
Lead 1000
Mercury 4
Chromium 1000
Arsenic 150
References
Appendix B - References
Malaysian Standards
♦ MS 29
Specification for aggregates from natural sources for concrete
♦ MS 144
Specification for cold reduced mild steel wire for reinforcement of concrete
♦ MS 145
Specification for steel fabric for the reinforcement of concrete
♦ MS 146
Specification for hot rolled steel bars for reinforcement of concrete
♦ MS 416
Code of practice for the use of structural steel in building
♦ MS 523
Specification for concrete including ready mixed concrete
Part 1 Guide to specifying concrete
Part 2 Methods for specifying concrete mixes
Part 3 Procedures to be used in producing and transporting concrete
Part 4 Procedures to be used in sampling, testing and assessing compliance of
concrete
♦ MS 739
Specification for hot-dip galvanised coatings on threaded fasteners
♦ MS 740
Specification for hot-dip galvanised coatings on iron and steel articles
♦ MS 822
Specification for sawn-timber foundation piles
♦ MS 1037
Specification for sulphate resisting portland cement
♦ MS 1195
Code of practice for structural use of concrete
Part 1 Design and construction
Part 2 Special circumstances
Part 3 Design charts for singly reinforced, doubly reinforced beams and
rectangular columns
♦ MS 1227
Specification for portland pulverised fuel ash cement
♦ MS 1228: 1991
Code of Practice for Design and Installation of Sewerage Systems
♦ MS 1241
Specification for fibreglass water tanks - effective capacity of less than 2000
litres
♦ MS 1292
Specification for rubber seals – water stops for sealing joints in concrete
♦ MS 1387
Specification for ground granulated blast furnace slag for use with portland
cement
♦ MS 1390
Specification for glass-reinforced polyester panels and panel water tanks
British Standards
♦ BS 476
Fire tests on building materials and structures
♦ BS 1161
Specification for aluminium alloy sections for structural purposes
♦ BS 1615
Specifications for anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium.
♦ BS 3396
Woven glass fibre fabrics for plastics reinforcement
♦ BS 3532
Method of specifying unsaturated polyester resin systems
♦ BS 3749
Specification for E glass fibre woven roving fabrics for the reinforcement of
polyester and epoxy resin systems
♦ BS 4248
Specification for supersulfated cement
♦ BS 4848
Hot rolled structural steel sections
Part 2 Specification for hot finished hollow sections
♦ BS 4921
Specification for sherardized coatings on iron and steel
♦ BS 5493
Code of practice for protective coating of iron and steel structures against
corrosion
♦ BS 7079
Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products
♦ BS 7123
Specification for metal arc welding of steel and concrete reinforcement
♦ BS 8118
Structural use of aluminium
Part 1 Code of practice for design
Part 2 Specification for materials, workmanship and protection
European Standard
♦ EN 10088
Stainless Steel
Part 1 List of Stainless Steels
Part 3 Technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products, bars, rods, wire,
sections and bright products of corrosion resisting steels for general
purposes
♦ EN 10029
Specification for tolerances on dimensions, shape and mass for hot rolled steel
plates 3 mm thick or above
♦ EN ISO 9445
Continuously cold-rolled stainless steel narrow strip, wide strip, plate/sheet and cut
lengths. Tolerances on dimensions and form
♦ EN 754
Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Cold drawn rod/bar and tube.
Part 1 Technical conditions for inspection and delivery
Part 2 Mechanical properties
Part 7 Seamless tubes, tolerances on dimensions and form
Part 8 Porthole tubes, tolerances on dimensions and form
♦ EN 755
Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles.
Part 1 Technical conditions for inspection and delivery
Part 2 Mechanical properties
Part 3 Round bars, tolerances on dimensions and form
Part 4 Square bars, tolerances on dimensions and form
Part 5 Rectangular bars, tolerances on dimensions and form
Part 6 Hexagonal bars, tolerances on dimensions and form
Part 7 Seamless tubes, tolerances on dimensions and form
Part 8 Porthole tubes, tolerances on dimensions and form
♦ EN 10296
Welded circular steel tube for mechanical and general engineering purposes. Technical
delivery conditions.
Part 1 Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes.
Part 2 Stainless steel
♦ EN 10297
Seamless circular steel tubes for mechanical and general engineering purposes.
Technical delivery conditions.
Part 1 Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes.
♦ EN 10305
Steel tubes for precision applications. Technical delivery conditions.
Part 1 Seamless cold drawn tubes
Part 2 Welded cold drawn tubes
Part 3 Welded cold sized tubes
Part 4 Seamless cold drawn tubes for hydraulic and pneumatic power
systems
Part 5 Welded and cold sized square and rectangular
Part 6 Welded cold drawn tubes for hydraulic and pneumatic power systems
♦ EN 14118
Reinforcements. Specification for textile glass mats. (chopped strand and continuous
filament mats).
Part 1 Designation
Part 2 Methods of tests and general requirements
Part 3 Specific requirements
♦ EN 10083
Specification for steels for quenching and tempering
Part 3 Technical delivery conditions for alloy steels
ASTM Standard
♦ ASTM D4097
Standard specification for contact-moulded glass-fibre-reinforced thermo set resin
corrosion-resistant tanks.
♦ ASTM E84
Standard test method for surface burning characteristics of building materials.
♦ ASTM C582
Standard specification for contact-moulded reinforced thermosetting Plastic (RTP)
laminates for corrosion-resistant equipment.
AS Standard
♦ AS 3750.2
Paints for steel structures – Ultra high-build paint
♦ AS/NZS 3750.12
Paints for steel structures – Alkyd/micaceous iron oxide
♦ AS/NZS 2312
Guide to the protection of structural steel against atmospheric corrosion by the use
of protective coatings.
Data acquisition begins at the Programming Logic Controller, PLC level and includes
meter readings and equipment statuses that are communicated to the SCADA as
required. Data is then compiled and formatted in such a way that a control room
operator using the HMI can make appropriate supervisory decisions that may be
required to over-ride normal PLC controls. (A SCADA system includes all the
pieces, HMI, controllers, I/O devices, networks, software, etc.).
In short, interfacing on of SCADA with PLC offers efficient monitoring and control
of process in a large installation site and with large number of distributed equipment
at a site. SCADA provide alarm notification, historical and on-line trending plots of
control parameters for effective process monitoring and control. SCADA system can
also be implemented with PPM schedule maintenance notification and reminder.
The SCADA that are installed at the remote sites can be linked to a Master Station
via communication system (Radio frequency or WIFI or other on-line communication
channels). The data from an equipment is collected via on-line data acquisition or,
unless otherwise allowed, on batch mode via data logging devices.
The SCADA software can also activate alarm messaging to inform the operator
station for exceptional event (critical alarm) reporting. Remote Access Server (RAS)
features can provide for either via Internet or other dial-up method (fixed line and/
or wireless modem).
All the proposed SCADA software shall be scalable and flexible enough to allow the
integration of any additional SCADA controller in future expansion. It shall provide
with many industrial standard protocols to allow the user to integrate easily.
C-2 Purpose
This document will provide basic technical requirement for implementation of
integrated SCADA/HMI in sewerage system.
The SCADA system shall be Window based client/server system and make use of
the following technologies: -
C-4 Architecture
The SCADA architecture shall be flexible and scalable to allow expansion requirements.
The basic architecture shall incorporate all but not limited to the followings:
Software system displays shall include but not limited to the followings: -
• Menu/navigation displays
• Alarm summary
• Event summary
• Trends
• Operating groups
• System status displays
• Configuration displays
• Loop Tuning displays
• Diagnostic and maintenance displays
• Summary displays
Optional Live Video integration shall provide remote viewing and viewing control
features.
Security software feature shall provide restricted access, no access and full access
(plant management).
C-7 Database
The SCADA software shall but not limited to the following real-time database:
• Analog configuration parameters
• Digital configuration parameters
• Accumulator configuration parameters
• User defined configuration parameters
Each point in the database has a number of associated configurable parameters, all
of which can be referenced relative to a single ‘tag name’.
SCADA shall maintain the real time database that requires frequent high-speed
access as memory resident information and other less frequently accessed data as
disk resident data. Memory resident data is logged to data storage device every
specified time frame defined by the administrator to minimize the loss of data in
the event of loss of power.
• Hierarchical alarming
• Alarm/event reporting
• Alarm/communication/ message/downtime annunciator
• Alarm priority escalation
The standard Alarm Summary display shall allow operators to focus on the problem
at hand by supporting filters. Alarms may be filtered by:
Colors for the various priority levels of alarms can be configured by the user for
display purposes in the Alarm Summary and on custom graphics. The recommended
color codes are provided in Appendix 1. The software shall support configuration
of alarm priority colors and display on all process graphic displays to enables
operators immediately determine critically of the alarm.
The alarm shall annunciate in the status zone blinks with the color of the highest
priority for unacknowledged alarm. The alarms configuration shall consist but not
limited to the followings:
• SPV Hi
• SPV Lo
• Transmitter Hi
• Transmitter Lo
• Trip
• Time out
With each of the configured alarms assigns a priority ranging from "Attention" -
acknowledge of non-critical alarm that required maintenance attention, "Responsive"
- action required with predefined period, "Urgent" - action required immediately.
The Alarm/Event summary shall list but not limited to the followings:
• Alarms
• Alarm Acknowledgments
• Return to normal
• Operator Control Actions
• Operator Login & Security Level Changes
• On-line Database Modifications
• Communications Alarms
• System Restart Messages
C-9 Historian
Historical trend shall provide wide range of sampling frequencies in both data-
point and average formats. The history trend intervals are shall be able to but not
limited to the following displays:
• second data-point of pre-defined scale
• minute data-point of pre-defined scale
• hour data-point of pre-defined scale
• minute-average of pre-defined scale
• hour-average of pre-defined scale
• day-average of pre-defined scale
• Month-average of pre-defined scale
The software shall provide but not limited to the following report formats:
C-12 Security
The SCADA software shall provide configurable security levels, control levels
and area assignments. These may be configured for each individual operator or
alternatively for each operator station. The security levels shall be able to configure
the following security levels:
Level 1:
Sign-on for View mode only
Level 2:
View only mode with alarm acknowledge
Level 3:
Level 2 plus control of field parameters
Level 4:
Level 3 plus field parameters of level 4, configure standard system
infrastructure such as reports
Level 5: Level 4 plus user configured field parameters
Level 6: Unlimited access
Logon password shall not be less than 6 alphanumeric characters and shall be
encrypted. Operators may change own passwords; however, new password shall
not be the same as the last 10 passwords used in the previous 3 months. Three
unsuccessful attempts of logon shall lock the operator out for a lock-out period.
Once logged on, an operator can log off at any time or will be automatically signed
off after a defined period of inactivity.
Area assignments limit operator access to graphics, alarms and point data to assigned
areas, providing effective plant partitioning. Individual operator profiles, including
security levels, control levels and area assignments, are activated when operators
sign on to the system. In addition, area profiles can be created enabling plant areas
to be enabled or disabled for control, between certain time and date criteria.
C-13 Scripting
The software shall have the VB or VBA scripting language enable to allow user to
create script that will run when a display is active or scripts can also be attached
to server objects like point parameters, alarm events, report completion and other
events.
C-14 Interfaces
SCADA software provides Data Acquisition and Control facilities to communicate
with a wide range of controllers and Remote Terminal Units (RTUs). The controllers
connection type shall comply with the following communication protocol:
The software may have optional Digital Video Monitoring that integrates digital
video controls and storage with the software to assist in process monitoring. Some
of the features are:
The DVM shall base on open system hardware that digitizes video from standard
video cameras and transports the video to SCADA software clients anywhere on
the network for real-time viewing.
IMM enables the automated creation, assignment, tracking and closing of maintenance
work orders. If required, work orders can also be manually raised. This is all
managed from either your IMM SQL server database with full access available
through the open Web-based interface of IMM.
The SCADA software shall have the capability to produce but not limited to the
following reports:
• Batch Report
• Downtime analysis
• Schedule maintenance
• Statistical Process & Quality Control (SPQC)
• Event archiving
• Alarm messaging (SMS or pager)
Downtime Analysis –to detect, record and code any equipment breakdowns or process
delays to provide plant downtime analysis. A list of all current downtime events is
maintained as well as the history of previous downtime events, with each assigned
a category and a reason code. Downtime reports may be printed periodically or
on-demand, showing downtime duration sorted by categories and reasons.
Statistical Process & Quality Control (SPQC) - generates statistical report of average
(of specified time period) of the real-time data collected by the system.
Event Archiving –archiving events logged data by the system that based on sampling
frequency and storage capacity.
Alarm Messaging – reports the alarm messages sent designated supervisors. The report
shall incorporate summary of alarm messages by alarm type and supervisors.
SP Low Level Light Blue (Non- Alarm event of lower level than
Blinking) set point
Point Point
Monitoring
Qty
(For Each Equipment) (For Each
AO
DO
AI
DI
Equipment)
Instrumentation
Panel
Instrumentation Panel - Local Indicator 1 1
Instrumentation Panel - Remote Indicator 1 1
Instrumentation Panel - Battery
Indicator 1 1
Low
TNB Power (kWh meter) Data Record 1 1
PLC System
PLC (battery Low) Measure 1 1 Alarm Low (Fault Report)
Battery Charger Indicator 1 1 Alarm (Fault Report)
Penstock
Penstock Panel: Manual Switch Indicator 1 1
Penstock Panel: Auto Switch Indicator 1 1
IP open close RTU via RS-485 Serial Link
Penstock Position Actuator (%) 1
control Alarm - High torque
Penstock - Fully Open Indicator 1 1
Penstock - Fully Close Indicator 1 1
Remote
Penstock - To Open / To Close 1 1
Control
Penstock - UPS Low Indicator 1 1
UPS (battery Low) Inlet
Measure 1 1
Penstock
Primary Coarse Screen
Screen - Run Indicator 1 1 Counter - Number of start / stop
Screen - Trip Indicator 1 1 Alarm (Fault Report)
Screen - Auto Mode Indicator 1 1
Screen - Manual Mode Indicator 1 1
Remote
Screen - To Start / Stop 1 1
Control
Reset of Hour-
Screen - Run-hour record 0 Software counter running hours
Run meter
Control Start / Stop operation by
Differential Level : Upstream Indicator 1 1
diff. level
Differential Level :
Indicator 1 1 Ref level for upstream.
Downstream
RSP Pumps
Pump - Run Indicator 1 1 Record number of Start / stop
Pump - Trip Indicator 1 1 Alarm (Fault Report)
Pump - Off (MCCB) Indicator 1 1 Record non-operation hours
Remote Start/
Pump - To Start / Stop 1 1 Software control / PLC
Stop
Reset of Hour-
Pump - Run-hour record 0 Software counter running hours
Run meter
Pump - Ampere Reading 1 1 Record when operation
Pump - Voltage Reading 1 1 Record when operation
Analog (A)/
Digital (D)
Description of
Description of Monitoring
Control Point
Item
Point
(For Each SCADA Control /
(For Each Equipment)
Qty
AO
DO
AI
DI
Equipment) Monitoring
Analog (A)/
Digital (D)
Description of
Description of Monitoring
Control Point
Item
Point
(For Each SCADA Control /
(For Each Equipment)
Qty
AO
DO
AI
DI
Equipment) Monitoring
Reset of Hour-Run
Screen - Run-hour record 0 Software counter running hours
meter
Mechanical Differential Level : Control Start / Stop operation
Indicator 1 1
Upstream by diff. level
Mechanical Differential Level :
Indicator 1 1 Ref level for upstream.
Downstream
Screenings Conveyor
Screen c/v - Run Indicator 1 1 Record number of Start / stop
Screen c/v - Trip Indicator 1 1 Alarm (Fault Report)
Screen c/v - Auto Mode Indicator 1 1
Screen c/v - Manual Mode Indicator 1 1
Screen c/v - To Start / Stop Remote Control 1 1
Software counter / Interlock
Reset of Hour-Run
Screen c/v - Run-hour record 0 with screen operation with delay
meter
off.
Screenings Wash Water Pumps
Wash-water Pump - Run Indicator 1 1 Record number of Start / stop
Wash-water Pump - Trip Indicator 1 1 Alarm (Fault Report)
Wash-water Pump - Auto Mode Indicator 1 1
Wash-water Pump - Manual
Indicator 1 1
Mode
Wash-water Pump - To Start /
Remote Control 1 1
Stop
Software counter / Interlock
Wash-water Pump - Run-hour Reset of Hour-Run
0 with screen operation with delay
record meter
off.
Grit / Grease System
Grit Blower - Run Indicator 1 1 Record number of Start / stop
Grit Blower - Trip Indicator 1 1 Alarm (Fault Report)
Grit Blower - Auto Mode Indicator 1 1
Grit Blower - Manual Mode Indicator 1 1
Grit Blower - To Start / Stop Remote Control 1 1
Software counter / software
Reset of Hour-Run
Grit Blower - Run-hour record 0 Timer control operation by
meter
rotation.
Grit Pump : On Indicator 1 1 Record number of Start / stop
Grit Pump : Trip Indicator 1 1 Alarm (Fault Report)
Grit Pump - To Start / Stop Remote Control 1 1
Software counter / software
Reset of Hour-Run
Grit Pump - Run-hour record 0 Timer control operation by
meter
rotation.
Grit Classifier : On Indicator 1 1 Record number of Start / stop
Grit Classifier : Trip Indicator 1 1 Alarm (Fault Report)
Grit Classifier - To Start / Stop Remote Control 1 1
Software counter / software
Reset of Hour-Run
Grit Classifier - Run-hour record 0 Timer control operation by
meter
rotation.
Grit Auger : On Indicator 1 1 Record number of Start / stop
Grit Auger : Trip Indicator 1 1 Alarm (Fault Report)
Analog (A)/
Digital (D)
Description of
Description of Monitoring
Control Point
Item
Point
(For Each SCADA Control /
(For Each Equipment)
Qty
AO
DO
AI
DI
Equipment) Monitoring
Analog (A)/
Description of Digital (D)
Description of Monitoring
Control Point
Item
Point
(For Each SCADA Control /
(For Each Equipment)
Qty
AO
DO
AI
DI
Equipment) Monitoring
Analog (A)/
Description of Digital (D)
Description of Monitoring
Control Point
Item
Point
(For Each SCADA Control /
(For Each Equipment)
Qty
AO
DO
AI
DI
Equipment) Monitoring
Qty
AO
DO
(For Each Equipment)
AI
DI
Equipment) Monitoring
Status & counter no. of start /
Pump - Run Indicator 1 1
stop
Pump - Trip Indicator 1 1 Alarm (Fault Report)
Pump - Off (MCCB) Indicator 1 1 Record non-operation hours
Remote Start /
Pump - To Start / Stop 1 1 Software control / PLC
Stop
Reset of Hour-Run
Pump - Run-hour record 0 Software counter
meter
Pump - Ampere Measure 1 1 Record when operation
Pump - Volt Measure 1 1 Record when operation
Sludge Flow Meter
RAS/WAS Flow Rate Meter Measure 1 1 Record
RAS/WAS Flow Rate Totalizer Measure 1 1 Record
Flow Meter System
Flow Meter
Measure 1 1 Record
(Data record of flow rate)
Flow Meter (Totalizer) Measure / Reset 1 1 SCADA Software Accumulator
Gravity Thickener
Status & counter no. of start /
G. Thickener - Run Indicator 1 1
stop
G. Thickener - Trip Indicator 1 1 Alarm (Fault Report)
G. Thickener - Off (MCCB) Indicator 1 1 Record non-operation hours
Remote Start /
G. Thickener - To Start / Stop 1 1 Software control / PLC
Stop
Reset of Hour-Run Software record of running
G. Thickener - Run-hour record 0
meter hours
G. Thickener - Ampere Measure 1 1 Record when operation
G. Thickener - Voltage Measure 1 1 Record when operation
Thickened Sludge Digester Feed
Pump: Primary & Secondary
Status & counter no. of start /
Feed Pump - Run Indicator 1 1
stop
Feed Pump - Trip Indicator 1 1 Alarm (Fault Report)
Feed Pump - Off (MCCB) Indicator 1 1 Record non-operation hours
Remote Start /
Feed Pump - To Start / Stop 1 1 Software control / PLC
Stop
Reset of Hour-Run Software record of running
Feed Pump - Run-hour record 0
meter hours
Feed Pump - Ampere Measure 1 1 Record when operation
Feed Pump - Voltage Measure 1 1 Record when operation
Speed control : RTU via RS-485
Feed Pump - VSD Parameters Speed Control 1 1
Serial Link
Sludge Flow Meter
Sludge Feed Flow Rate Meter Measure 1 1 Record
Sludge Feed Flow Rate Totalizer Measure 1 1 Record
Gas Blower
Status & counter no. of start /
Gas Blower - Run Indicator 1 1
stop
Gas Blower - Trip Indicator 1 1 Alarm (Fault Report)
Gas Blower - Off (MCCB) Indicator 1 1 Record non-operation hours
Analog (A)/
Description of
Description of Monitoring Digital (D)
Control Point
Item
Point
(For Each SCADA Control /
(For Each Equipment)
Qty
AO
DO
AI
DI
Equipment) Monitoring
Remote Start / Speed control : RTU via RS-485
Gas Blower - VSD Parameters 1 1
Stop Serial Link
Reset of Hour-Run Software record of running
Gas Blower - Run-hour record 0
meter hours
Gas Blower - Ampere Measure 1 1 Record when operation
Gas Blower - Voltage Measure 1 1 Record when operation
Temperature Sensor
Gas Blower - Temperature Measure 1 1 Record & Alarm (High)
Gas Flow Meter
Gas Flow Meter Measure 1 1 Record
Digester Gas Detector Meters
Record & Alarm (Detection &
H2S Meter at Dewatering House Measure 1 1
Fault)
Record & Alarm (Detection &
Methane Gas Meter Measure 1 1
Fault)
Record & Alarm (High-Low &
PVRV Sensor Meter Measure 1 1
Fault)
Internal Digester Gas Analyzer Measure 1 1 Record & Report
Floating Roof Gas Holder
Record & Alarm (High-Low &
Floating Roof Level Measure 1 1
Fault)
High Lever Alarm Indicator 1 1 Alarm (High)
Low Lever Alarm Indicator 1 1 Alarm (Low)
Record & Alarm (High-Low &
PVRV Sensor Meter Measure
Fault)
Gas Flare System
Gas Control Actuator Valve: Full
Indicator 1 1 Record & Timer
Open
Gas Control Actuator Valve: Full
Indicator 1 1 Record & Timer
Close
Gas Control Actuator Valve:
Indicator 1 1
Manual
Gas Control Actuator Valve:
Indicator 1 1 Program Control operation
Auto
Status & counter no. of start /
Gas Control Actuator Valve: ON Indicator 1 1
stop
Gas Control Actuator Valve:
Indicator 1 1 Alarm (Fault Report)
TRIP
Gas Control Actuator Valve: To Remote Start /
1 1 Software control / PLC
Turn Clockwise Stop
Gas Control Actuator Valve: To Remote Start /
1 1 Software control / PLC
Turn Counter-Clockwise Stop
Record & Alarm (flame
Pilot Light Igniter Indicator 1 1
distinguished)
Flare Igniter : Manual Indicator 1 1
Flare Igniter : Auto Indicator 1 1 Program Control operation
Flare Igniter : ON Indicator 1 1 Program Control operation
Record & Alarm (flame
Flare Indicator Indicator 1 1
distinguished)
Pressure Indicator: Inlet Measure 1 1 Record & Report Fault
Pressure Indicator: Discharge Measure 1 1 Record & Report Fault
Sludge Feed Pump to Belt Press
Belt Press Feed Pump - Manual Indicator 1 1
Analog (A)/
Digital (D)
Description of
Description of Monitoring
Control Point
Item
Point
(For Each SCADA Control /
Qty
AO
DO
(For Each Equipment)
AI
DI
Equipment) Monitoring
Analog (A)/
Digital (D)
Description of
Description of Monitoring
Control Point
Item
Point
(For Each SCADA Control /
(For Each Equipment)
Qty
AO
DO
AI
DI
Equipment) Monitoring
Notes:
AI = Analog Input AO = Analog Output DI = Digital Input DO = Digital Output
Qty = Quantity
PUMPS
(Centrifugal)
PUMPS
(Progressive Cavity)
BLOWER
SURFACE AREATOR
Valves
(General)
BUTTERFLY VALVE
AGITATOR
CONVEYORS
CONVEYORS SCREW
EQUIPMENT SYMBOLS
PLC CONTROLLER
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
SCADA WORKSTATION
POWER TRANSMISSION
METER
COMPRESSOR
TANK
Glossary of Abbreviations
Appendix E - Glossary of Abbreviations
Glossary of Abbreviations