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Find the following limits if they exist or explain why they don’t exist.
xy
a) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x6 + y 2
x4 − 4y 2
b) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + 2y 2
xy
c) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x3 + y2
Find the following limits if they exist or explain why they don’t exist.
√ √
x−y+2 x−2 y
a) lim √ √
(x,y)→(0,0) x− y
x−1
b) lim
(x,y)→(1,2) (x − 1)2 + (y − 2)2
x3 y
c) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x6 + y 3
Find the following limits if they exist or explain why they don’t exist.
x3 y x2
a) lim √ +
(x,y)→(0,1) (x2 + y 2 ) y − x2 + 1 x2 + (y − 1)2
x3 y x2
b) lim √ +
(x,y)→(0,0) (x2 + y 2 ) y − x2 + 1 x2 + (y − 1)2
x4 y 2
c) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 y 3 + y 4 + x8
Find the following limits if they exist or explain why they don’t exist.
xy
a) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) xy + x − y
√ q
x− y+1
b) lim
(x,y)→(4,3) x−y−1
π
2 2
cos x +
c) lim 2 y5
(x,y)→(0,0) x4 + 3y 4
Find the following limits if they exist or explain why they don’t exist.
(x + y + 2)2
a) lim
(x,y)→(2,−4) x2 + y 2 − 4x + 8y + 20
2 2
ex +y
c) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) 19x2 + y 2
Find the following limits if they exist or explain why they don’t exist.
x y2
a) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) (x2 + y 2 )3/2
|x| + |y|
b) lim tan−1
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2
(x − 1)(y 2 − 1)
c) lim
(x,y)→(1,−1) arcsin(y + 1)
Find the following limits if they exist or explain why they don’t exist.
sin(xy)
a) lim
(x,y)→(0,1) x
y 6 sin x2
b) lim −
(x,y)→(0,0) x4 + 3y 4
x2 + sin y
c) lim −
(x,y)→(0,0) 2x2 + y 2
Find the following limits if they exist or explain why they don’t exist.
x2
a) lim q
(x,y)→(0,0)
x4 + y 2
(xy − y) cos y
b) lim
(x,y)→(1,0) (x − 1)2 + y 2
xy cos y
c) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) 3x2 + y 2
Find the following limits if they exist or explain why they don’t exist.
x4 − y 2
a) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x4 + y 2
y 3 cos3 x
b) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + 2y 2
2y 3 arctan(xy)
c) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2
x2 y 2
(x, y) 6= (0, 0)
Let f (x, y) = x6 + y 2 . Determine if f (x, y) is continuous at (0, 0) .
0 (x, y) = (0, 0)
Define f (0, 0) such that the function f (x, y) = tan x is continuous at (0, 0) .
2x(y + 1)
(x − 1)y 2
(x, y) 6= (1, 0)
x − 2x + y 2 + 1
2
Let f (x, y) = . Determine if f (x, y) is continuous at (1, 0) .
0 (x, y) = (1, 0)
4 4
Define f (0, 0) such that f (x, y) = x4 sin y4 is continuous at (0, 0) .
x + 4y
2 2
Define f (0, 1) such that f (x, y) = x (y − 1) x 2− 2y2 + 4y − 2 is continuous at (0, 1) .
x + y − 2y + 1
(x3 + y 3 ) sin(x2 + y 2 )
(x, y) 6= (0, 0)
(x + y)(x2 + y 2 )
Let f (x, y) = . Determine if f (x, y) is continuous at
−1 (x, y) = (0, 0)
(0, 0) .
x3 sin y
(x, y) 6= (0, 0)
y(x2 + 3y 2 )
b) f (x, y) =
1 (x, y) = (0, 0)
y2x
sin (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
x2 + y 4
b) f (x, y) =
0 (x, y) = (0, 0)
2x2 y
(x, y) 6= (0, 0)
x4 + y 2
b) f (x, y) =
0 (x, y) = (0, 0)
x−2
q (x, y) 6= (2, 0)
Let f (x, y) = (x − 2)2 + y 2 . Determine if f (x, y) is continuous at (2, 0) .
1 (x, y) = (2, 0)
x2 yey
(x, y) 6= (0, 0)
x4 + 4y 2
Let f (x, y) = . Determine if f (x, y) is continuous at (0, 0) .
0 (x, y) = (0, 0)
f (x, y) = logy x , fx = ? , fy = ?
w = arcsin(x + yz) , , fx = ? , fy = ? , fz = ?
w = yz ln(xy) , , fx = ? , fy = ? , fz = ?
f (x, y) = xy , fx = ? , fy = ?
Z 1
f (x, y) = cos(1 − t + t2 ) dt , fx = ? , fy = ?
xy 2
Z x
f (x, y) = sin(1 − t) dt , fx = ? , fy = ?
y2
y
w = x arctan , , fx = ? , fy = ? , fz = ?
z
Use the limit definition of partial derivative to compute the following partial derivatives of the
given functions.
√
a) f (x, y) = 2x + 3y − 1 , fy = ?
sin(x5 + 3y 2 )
(x, y) 6= (0, 0)
x4 + y 2
b) f (x, y) = , fx (0, 0) = ?
0 (x, y) = (0, 0)
y x
Show that xfx + yfy = 0 for f (x, y) = ey/x sin + ex/y cos .
x y
dw
w = 2yex − lnz , x = ln(t2 + 1) , y = arctan t , z = et ⇒ Find at t = 1.
dt
x ∂z ∂z
z = arctan , x = u cos v , y = u sin v ⇒ Find and at (u, v) = (1.3, π/6).
y ∂u ∂v
Show that if w = f (u, v) satisfies the Laplace equation fuu + fvv = 0 and if u = (x2 − y 2 )/2
and v = xy , then w satisfies the Laplace equation wxx + wyy = 0 .
Show that the function w = f xy satisfies the equation x ∂w ∂w
x2 + y 2 ∂x + y ∂y = 0 .
xy y z xy
Let u = ln x + x φ , be a differentiable function. Show that x ux + y uy + z uz = u + .
z x x z
1 1 z
Let φ be a differentiable function and z = y φ(x2 − y 2 ). Show that zx + zy = 2 .
x y y
∂x
Find at (1, −1, −3) if the equation xz + y ln x − x2 + 4 = 0 defines x as a function of the two
∂z
independent variables y and z .
∂x
Find if the equation exy + sin(xz) + 1 = 0 defines x as a function of the two independent
∂z
variables y and z .
∂x
Find at (0, 1, 1) if the equation z 2 = ex yz − 3x2 y ln z defines x as a function of the two
∂y
independent variables y and z .
Find the directional derivative of the following functions at the indicated point and in the given
direction.
~ = ~i − ~j + ~k
a) f (x, y, z) = ln(x + 2y + 2z) , P0 (1, −1, 1) in the direction of A
c) f (x, y, z) = cos(xy) + eyz + ln(xz) , P0 (1, 0, 1/2) , in the direction of the line given by the
parametric equations x = 2 + t , y = −2t , z = 2t − 1, −∞ < t < ∞
Find the derivative of f (x, y, z) = 3x2 yz + 2yz 2 at P0 (1, 1, 1) in the direction normal at P0 to the
surface x2 − y + z 2 = 1 .
Let F (x, y, z) = x2 +y 2 −z . Find the directional derivative of F (x, y, z) at the point P0 (1, 1, −1)
√ √
in the direction of the unit tangent vector of the curve ~r = t~i + t ~j − 14 (t + 3) ~k at t = 1 .
Is there any direction ~u in which the rate of change of f (x, y) = x2 − 3xy + 4y 2 at P0 (1, 2)
equals 14?
What is the largest value that the directional derivative of f (x, y, z) = xyz can have at the
point P0 (1, 1, 1) ?
Let f (x, y) = (1 + x2 + 5y 2 )−1 . Determine the directions at the point Q(3, 0) in which the rate
of change of f is the largest and the smallest.
2
Find the largest possible value of the directional derivative of the function f (x, y, z) = yzexy+2z
at the point P0 (2, −1, 1).
The derivative of a differentiable function f (x, y) at a point P in the direction of < 1, 1 > is 2
3
and in the direction < 3, −4 > is − √ . Find the derivative of f at P in the direction of < 7, −1 >.
2
The directional derivative of f (x, y, z) = z c tan−1 (x + y) at the point P0 (0, 0, 4) in the direction
of ~u = ~i + ~j is 2. Find the real number c.
x
Find the directional derivative of f (x, y, z) = at P0 (1, 1, 0) in the direction for which
y+z
g(x, y, z) = ln(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) increases most rapidly at P0 .
Find the equations for the tangent plane and the normal line to the following surfaces at the
indicated point.
a) z = 9 − x2 − y 2 , (1, 2, 4)
b) yz = 1 − x3 , (−1, 2, 1)
√
c) 2x2 + 3y 2 + sin z = 1 , (1/ 2, 0, π)
Let f (x, y) = xy 2 + x3 − y.
a) Find the equation of the tangent plane to the surface z = f (x, y) at (1, 2, 3) .
b) Find the equation of the tangent line to the curve f (x, y) = 3 at (1, 2) .
Find the parametric equations of the line normal to the surface z = x2 +3y 2 at the point (1, −1, 4) .
Find the coordinates of all intersection points of this line with this surface.
Find the parametric equations of the line tangent to the curve of intersection of the surfaces
z = x2 + 3y 2 and z = 6 − x2 − y 2 at the point (1, −1, 4) .
Find the parametric equations of the line tangent to the curve of intersection of the surfaces
√
z = 25 − 9y 2 and z = 3y + exy at the point (0, 1, 4) .
Find the points on the surface xy + yz + zx − x − z 2 = 0 where the tangent plane is parallel to
xy−plane.
2 +y 2 )/2
Find the points where the surface z = x y e−(x has horizontal tangent planes.
Consider the function f (x, y, z) = x3 z + ln(x2 + y 2 ) + cz 2 where c is a constant. Find the values
of c if the tangent plane to the level surface f (x, y, z) = f (1, −1, 2) at the point P0 (1, −1, 2) passes
through the origin.
Find the points on the paraboloid z = 4x2 + 9y 2 at which the normal line is parallel to the line
through P (−2, 4, 3) and Q(5, −1, 2).
Show that the tangent plane of the surface 1 − x3 − yz = 0 at the point (−1, 2, 1) is parallel to
the plane 6x + 2y + 4z = 5 .
Find the points P0 on the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 such that the tangent plane to the paraboloid
at P0 passes through the points (1, 0, 0) and (0, 2, 0) .
Find the cosine of the acute angle between the tangent planes to the paraboloid 2z = x2 + y 2 at
the points of intersection of the paraboloid and the line x = t, y = −t, z = t + 2, −∞ < t < ∞ .
Find the distance from the point (2, 0, 3) to the tangent plane of the surface 4x2 − y 2 + 4z 2 = 4
at the point (1, 2, 1).
Find the local maxima, local minima and saddle points ,if any, of f (x, y) = (x−1)(y+1)(x+y−3) .
Find the local maxima, local minima and saddle points ,if any, of f (x, y) = x3 +y 3 +3x2 −3y 2 −8 .
Find the absolute extreme values of f (x, y) = x3 + y 3 + 6xy + 8 on the rectangular region
R bounded by the lines y = x + 2, y = x − 2, x + y = 1 and x + y = −2.
Let f (x, y) = x2 y + x2 + y 2 − xy − x .
a) Find and classify the critical points of f .
b) Find the absolute maximum and minimum of f on the closed region R bounded below by
y = −x2 , above by y = 0 and on the right by x = 1 .
Find the absolute maximum and minumum values of f (x, y) = 2y 3 + 2x2 y − x2 − y on the closed
region D = { (x, y) | x2 + y 2 ≤ 1 } .
Find the absolute maximum and minumum values of the function f (x, y) = 2xy on the region
D = { (x, y) | x2 + y 2 ≤ 4 } .
y3
Let f (x, y) = x2 y + −y+1.
6
a) Find and classify the critical points of f .
b) Find the extreme values of f on the ellipse 4x2 + y 2 = 4 .
Find the maximum and minumum values of f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 + 1 subject to the constraint
x2 + y 2 − 2x = 4y by using the method of Lagrange multipliers.
Find the points on the curve 5x2 + 6xy + 5y 2 = 9 which are nearest to and farthest from the
origin.
Let f (x, y, z) = x − y + 2z .
a) Find the absolute maximum value of f subject to x2 + y 2 + 16z 2 = 16.
b) Find the minimum distance from f = 16 to the point (1, 1, −1) .
Find point on the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 16 closest to the point (1, 2, 2) by using the method of
Lagrange multipliers.
Find the points on the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 25 where f (x, y, z) = x + 2y + 3z has its maximum
and minimum values.
Among all the points on the graph of z = 10 − x2 − y 2 that lie above the plane x + 2y + 3z = 0
find the point farthest from the plane.