Non-Isothermal Experiments

Set Heating Rate (°C/min) Sample 1: Pine Wood Sample 2: Britewood Pellets
1 2.5 1 2 3 1 2
2 5 1 2 3 1 2
3 10 1 2 3 1 2
4 15 1 2 3 1 2
5 20 1 2 3 1 2

Step 1: Drying
From 25°C to 100°C constant heating rate (10°C/min for each set)
Held at 100°C for 15 mins in each run → 22.5 mins for each run
→ 135 mins for each set

Step 2: Pyrolysis
From 100°C to 600°C
(2.5°C/min for Set 1)
(5°C/min for Set 2)
(10°C/min for Set 3)
(15°C/min for Set 4)
(20°C/min for Set 5)
constant heating rate
→ 200
→ 1,200
→ 100
→ 600
→ 50
→ 300
→ 33
→ 200
→ 25
→ 150
(various for each set)
mins for each run in Set 1
mins for Set 1
mins for each run in Set 2
mins for Set 2
mins for each run in Set 3
mins for Set 3
mins for each run in Set 4
mins for Set 4
mins for each run in Set 5
mins for Set 5

Total Time
From 25°C to 600°C 2 Steps: Drying and Pyrolysis as well as Cooling
→ 135
→ 1,200
(2.5°C/min for Set 1)
→ 180
252.5 → 1,515
→ 135
→ 600
(5°C/min for Set 2)
→ 180
152.5 → 915
→ 135
→ 300
(10°C/min for Set 3)
→ 180
102.5 → 615
→ 135
→ 200
(15°C/min for Set 4)
→ 180
85.8333333 → 515
mins for drying in Set 1
mins for pyrolysis in Set 1
mins for cool-down in Set 1
total mins for Set 1
mins for drying in Set 2
mins for pyrolysis in Set 2
mins for cool-down in Set 2
total mins for Set 2
mins for drying in Set 3
mins for pyrolysis in Set 3
mins for cool-down in Set 3
total mins for Set 3
mins for drying in Set 4
mins for pyrolysis in Set 4
mins for cool-down in Set 4
total mins for Set 4
 → 135 mins for drying in Set 5
→ 150 mins for pyrolysis in Set 5
(20°C/min for Set 5)
→ 180 mins for cool-down in Set 5
77.5 → 465 total mins for Set 5
 Isothermal Experiments

2: Britewood Pellets Set Temperature (°C) Sample 1: Pine Wood

3 1 350 1 2 3
3 2 375 1 2 3
3 3 400 1 2 3
3 4 425 1 2 3
3 5 450 1 2 3

Step 1: Heating from Ambient

(10°C/min for each set) From 25°C to 100°C constant heating rate
mins for each run
mins for each set

(various for each set)

mins for each run in Set 1
mins for Set 1
mins for each run in Set 2
mins for Set 2
mins for each run in Set 3
mins for Set 3
mins for each run in Set 4
mins for Set 4
mins for each run in Set 5
mins for Set 5

rolysis as well as Cooling

mins for drying in Set 1 Required Run-time as a Function of
260
mins for pyrolysis in Set 1
mins for cool-down in Set 1
total mins for Set 1
Experi menta l Run-time per Sa mple (mi n)

mins for drying in Set 2

210
mins for pyrolysis in Set 2
mins for cool-down in Set 2
total mins for Set 2
mins for drying in Set 3
160
mins for pyrolysis in Set 3
mins for cool-down in Set 3
total mins for Set 3
mins for drying in Set 4
110
mins for pyrolysis in Set 4
mins for cool-down in Set 4
total mins for Set 4

60
0 5 10 15
Heating Rate (°C/mi n)
 Experi me
110

mins for drying in Set 5

mins for pyrolysis in Set 5 60
0 5 10 15
mins for cool-down in Set 5
Heating Rate (°C/mi n)
total mins for Set 5
 Sample 2: Britewood Pellets
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3

tant heating rate (10°C/min for each set)

n-time as a Function of the Heating Rate

10 15 20 25
Heating Rate (°C/mi n)
10 15 20 25
Heating Rate (°C/mi n)