ENGLISH FOR MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING

Name :DanangDwiyanto
NIM : 1541230034
Class : 1C

D-IV TEKNIK MESIN PRODUKSI DAN PERAWATAN

POLITEKNIK NEGERI MALANG
Describing a Technical object/machine tool
a. Name : Pliers

b. Function : to grip or hold component which will open with spined the
parts.

c. Parts : tips, spring, pivot join, handle

d. Types : pliers cutting, channel, chimper, electrician, fence, locking

e. Materials : steel and ferrous

f. Maintenance : if you finish using pliers, cleaned and put into the good
place

Writting Skills
a. Lathe(noun) : bobby is making tools use lathe in the home with his
daddy.

b. Mechanical(adjective) : after one year, ivan is creating a new machine for

mechanical engineering polinema.

c. Mechanically(adverb) : he is running mechanically.

d. Weld(verb) : he is welding plat T for his mistake in the class

f.At Job : gunawan will not slepy at job sheet.

CHAPTER III

READING
SQUARES
 A square have four sides of equal length. Three kinds of tools which used
to mark out squares. One is used by stonemasons, it is made of steel blade about
45 cm long. Two is used by carpenters has a steel blade about 15 cm long which
is fixed to a wooden, and the last is used by bricklayers has one arm about 90
cm long and another about 60 cm.
There is another kind of square which is used for technical drawing. That
is a set square.

Exercise 4

Comprehension

Choose the correct answer a,b,c,or d to each of the following questions:

1. Which of the following is true about a square

a. a square must have four sides
b. each side of a square is a di loront length
c. a square has more sides than a rectangle
d. a square contains two right angles.
2. What is the difference between a stonemason square and bricklayer’s square.
a. the stonemason’s square has a small arm
b. it is made of wood
c. it does not have a wooden handle
d. there is no difference
3. Which kind of square is used for marking out building?
a. the Stonemason’s square
b. the bricklayer’s square
c. the carpenter’s ‘try’ square
d. any kind of square
4. When marking out a building,which side of the square is placed along the
line?
a. either side
b. the longer side
c. the shorter side
d. neither side
FERROUS METALS
 Ferrous metals are metals which contain iron, most of ferrous
metals used engineering are iron and steel.
There are two parts of industry that produces these material:
industry that produces slab or ingots of metal, and the factories which
turn this ‘raw material’ into different shapes.
The produce of raw material exact iron in blast furnace and
quantities of carbon, silicon. The hard and mild steel for example.
Both contain less carbon than ion, and many substance added to them
for example, combine nickel different pupose, for example is knife
and forks. But hard steel we used to make giders or railway tracks.

Exercise 5

Vocabulary

Choose the correct answer a,b,c,d to each of the folio wing questions:

1. Which of the following is not a ferrous metal?

a. stainless steel
b. pig iron
c. alumunium
d. iron ore
2. Which of the following is a raw material?
a. iron ore
b. steel
c. girders
d. blast furnace

Exercise 6

Choose the correct answer a,b,c, or d to each of the following questions:

1. Which of the following substances could we find in a piece of stainless steel?

a. carbon
 b. silicon
c. sulphur
d. nickel
2. Which of the following substances could we take from a piece of pig iron?
a. tungsten
b. copper
c. carbon
d. chromium
3. Why are there different kinds of steel?
a. it is not possible to make all steel the same
b. soma steel contains more pig iron
c. different steels are needed for different purposes
d. some blast furnaces are larger than others
4. What is the difference between hard and mild steel?
a. hard steel contains more carbon
b. nickel or chromium have been added to hard steel
c. hard steel is made of slabs or ingots
d. hard steel is a non ferrous metal

CHAPTER IV

CALIPERS

Calipers is instruments which are used for measuring the dimensions of

small objects. There are two kinds of calipers. Outside calipers is used to
measure outside, or external, diameters. Inside calipers is used to measure
inside, or internal, diameter.
Calipers consist of two pieces. They are called legs and are pointed at the
end. Some calipers have a spring calipers. The legs are opened and closed by
turns a nut on a screw, calipers of this kind are more easily adjusted than the
stiff-jointed kind.

Exercise 1

Vocabulary

Write T/F
a. outside calipers are used to measure external diameters. T
b. external calipers can be used to measure the external dimensions of any metal
object. T
c. calipers can be used to measure the diameters of metal tubes. T
d. caliper legs are pointed at the ends. T
e. inside calipers have straight legs. T
f. the legs of outside calipers point inwards at the ends. T
g. spring calipers are opened by turning a nut on a screw. T
h. all calipers have a stiff joint at the top of the legs. F
i. the legs of spring calipers are kept open by means of friction. T
j. spring calipers are easier to adjust than stiff jointed calipers. T

Exercise 2

Comprehension

Answer these questions briefly

1. describe the calipers and its parts. Lock screw, main scale, thumb screw,
depth rod, lower jaws, upper jaws.
2. what are the functions of calipers. For measuring the dimensions of small
objects.
3. how many calipers are there ? Mention inside, outside, and spring calipers
4. why are spring calipers easier to adjust than stiff jointed ones? Because there
are opened and closed by turning a nut on a screw.

Exercise 3

Contextual reference
1. “they” in sentence 2 refers to
a. object
b. calipers
c. dimensions
2.“they” in sentence 5 refers to
a. two kind
b. outside calipers
c. calipers
3. “they” in sentence 7 refers to
a. calipers which measure internal diameters
b. calipers which measure external diameters
4. “those” in sentence 11 refers to
a. the point
b. calipers
c. the legs
5. “they” in sentence 18 refers to
a. calipers which have spring
b. the legs
c. all calipers
MICROMETER

A micrometer is used for measuring small distances precisely. It can

measure with a precicion 0,01 mm. micrometer consist of a steel in the shape of
semi-circle. A piece of metal in the shape of cylinder fits into this extension.
This cylinder part is called the barrel, or sleeve.
Inside the barrel is screw thread. A spindle screws through the barrel.
Most micrometer works like a screw which is turned in a nut which is fixed. If a
screw is turned once in a stationary nut, it will move forward a small distance.
Let us say that the screw theard of the barrel of a micrometer is 0,025 mm. if the
spindle is rotated one revolution, it will move forward a distance of 0,025 mm.

Exercise 5

Vocabulary

Write T/F
a. The barrel is a cylindrical piece of metal which fits on to an extension of the
frame. T
b. A micrometer is a precision instrument. T
c. The thimble is attached of the spindle. T
d. There is a screw thread inside the barrel. F
e. Micrometers always have a lock nut to lock the spindle in any position. T
f. The spindle is turned by a ratchet on the end of the thimble. F

Exercise 7

Comprehension

1. Answer these questions briefly

a. What is the function of micrometer? To measure the objects which
small diameters
b. Why do people chose micrometer? Because micrometers is easily to
use
c. describe the micrometer and it parts? Anvil, spindle, locknut, slevee,
reading line, frame, thimble
d. Explain how a micrometer works. Put tools between anvil, then, rotate
the thimble, an then pull key to the left .
2. Contextual Reference
a. What does the word “it” in the end sentence refer to? The spindle
b. What does the word “they” in sentence 14 mean? The anvil and the
spindle
c. What does “it” refer in sentence 16? screw

CHAPTER V

LATHES

The lathe is example of a machine tool. It consist of the following parts

a. A bed - or framework – which carries the different components.
b. A ‘head – stock’ for holding the work. This head – stock, and of course the
work are rotated motor.
c. A saddle for holding the cutting tool. This saddle and the tool it holds, may
be moved alongthe length of the bed.
d. ‘a’ tail – stock for supporting the end of the work when it is too long to be
supported only by the head – stock.
A lathe all the adjustments to cut the rotating work into a circular shape in
any plane at right angels to the axis of rotation. The radius of the work may be
varied along along the axis.

Exercise 1

Vocabulary

Choose the correct answer a,b,c,d to each of the following questions:

1. Which of the following words is nearest in meaning to’components?

a. Consists
b. Parts
c. Objects
d. Framework
2. What does ‘rotate’ mean?
a. move up and down
b. move from side to side
c. move backwards and forwards
d. move round and round
3.What does “varied” mean?
a. made different
b. supported
c. rotated
d. adjusted

Exercise 2

Comprehension

Look at this diagram of a lathe.Name the parts a,b,c, and d.

a. Head stock
b. Tool post
c. Ways
d. Tail stock

Exercise 3

Choose the correct answer a,b,c,d to ech of the following questions:

1. Which of the components of a lathe is rotated?

a. the bed
b. the saddle
c. the head stock
d. the tail stock
2. Into which shape does a late cut the work?
a. square
b. rectangular
c. circular
d. conical
3. What must the framework of a lathe always be?
a. adjusted
b. accurate
c. rigid
d. varied
4. Which of the following can be adjusted by the operator?
a. the rigidity of the bed
b. the number of components
c. the angle of cutting
d. the speed of rotation of the saddle

Exercise 4

Make sentences like this about eachh of the following:

1. The tickness of the paint depends on how we use the paint.

2. The strenght of the concrete depends on material which we combine.
3. The speed of rotation depends on how we organize the speed.
4. The kind of steel used depends on how much using carbon.
5. The cost of the tools depends on qualities of the tool.
 BENCH WORK

A fitting works in a fitting workshop. The operation that he

performs include hack sawing, chiseling and filing. The fitting
workshop usually contains a marking-out table and a drilling
machine.
For certain types of work, the fitter uses griding machines. This
operations is called finishing work, or producing finish. For this kind
of work, extreme accuracy is not required. Both machines are
operated by electricity.
A basic operation in the cutting of metal bars. For this operation
a hacksaw is used. A hacksaw is consist of a steel frame and a blade.
There are different types of hacksaw blade according to the number of
teeth per inch. For general use one with 18 t.p.i is satisfactory, of
cutting thin sheet metal a fine blade of t.p.i is better.
All files consist of a body, a tang and a handle which can be
detached. They are made from high carbon steel, they are very brittle,
and therefore can break easily.

Exercise 6

Write T/F

a. The fitter performs only the operations of hacksawing, chiselling, and filing.
T
b. A fitter’s hand tools consist of files and chisels. T
c. A drilling machine is used for machining holes in the work. T
d. Hacksawing, chiselling and filling are done before marking out. F
e. A surface grinder is operated by electricity. F
f. Grinding machines can be used for all types of work. F
g. Only flexible blades are hardened along the teeth. T
h. A hacksaw blade can be tightened or loosened by turning a wing nut. T
i. All hacksaw blades are made from hardened steel. F
j. A file does not cut on the return stroke. F
k. Files and saws cut in similar ways. T
l. Filling is the most important operation in bench work. T

Exercise 7

Comprehension

Rewrite the following,using words and constructions from the (ext to replace
those printed in italics).

1. A fitter works on a bench which has a vice attached to it with bolts. Bolted on
it
2. A machine which is used for drilling can usually be found in the fitting
workshop. Drilling machine
3. A surface grinder is used for producing a finish on work. Producing a
smooth surface by removing small amounts of metal.
4. An off hand grinder may be used for sharpening tools as the need to be every
in culing the metal is not required. As cold chisels and screwdrivers
5. A very important operation in bench work is hacksawing. The cutting of
metal bars
6. When the wing nut on the hacksaw frame is made tighter there is an increase
in the tension in the blade. Tighter or looser
7. Files are made from high carbon steel an can break easily. very brittle
8. Files can be divide into different groups according to lenght,shape,and type
and grade of cut. classified