RadioplanACP 3 (1) .9 TrainingMaterial AssetIntegration UMTSFocus

Automatic Network Optimization
using the Radioplan ACP Tool
Training Proceedings
(for Radioplan Version 3.9)
How to get HELP on Radioplan ACP?
In the opened application:

1. Press F1 to get context-sensitive Online Help.
2. Select ? Æ Help Topics from the main menu to access full Online Help.
Radioplan software manuals as PDF documents:

can be downloaded from www.MyActix.com .
Actix Support:
through the support portal www.MyActix.com
through e-mail to support@actix.com
If you do not have a MyActix account yet, please:

1. Go to www.MyActix.com
2. Register for a MyActix account
and thereby check the box for the Radioplan ACP product
3. Send the request
You will be contacted shortly.
Contents
Course Outline
Tutorial including Presentation and Instruction Slides slide #
Introduction 2
How do you optimize your network…? 5
Radioplan ACP Approach 7

o Introduction for UMTS Capacity and Coverage Optimization 7
o Specifics for GSM Capacity and Coverage Optimization 21
Radio Network Optimization Workflow Overview 25
Planning Data Import and Project Review 26

o Requirements to the Asset Planning Data 31
o Asset Project Import 33
Radioplan Tool Introduction 41

o Projects and Project Data 45
o Configuration Data 49
Areas 50
Environment Data 52
User Traffic Characteristics 54
Network Configuration 56
Pathloss Data 66
General Settings 67
Configuration Data Plots 68
o Customize Legends and Surface Plots, User Workspace 77
Measurements Import for Planning Data Validation 77

o Import of Measurement Data 85
o Measurements in the Result Set 90
o Plot Measurement Data 96
o Best Cells Comparative Analysis 98
o Switched Sectors 109
o Single Cell Comparative Analysis 111
(turn over, please)

Planning Data Tuning by Measurements 117
o Conventional Model Tuning 121
o Radioplan Pathloss Tuning 122
o Before Pathloss Tuning 128
o Pathloss Tuning Overview 130
o After Pathloss Tuning 134
UMTS Capacity and Coverage Optimization 137

o Optimization Capabilities Configuration in the Radioplan Project 142
o Problem Analysis 152
o Optimizer Configuration 160
o Optimization Process 174
o Optimization Results Analysis and Reporting 178
GSM Capacity and Coverage Optimization 189

o Optimization Process 215
o Optimization Results Analysis and Reporting 218
Site Integration 221

_________________________________________________________________________________
Optimization Exercise A1
Export for Atoll Project Update A9

o Export new Network Configuration to Atoll A14
o Tune Atoll Predictions A16
HSDPA Optimization A19

o Optimization Capabilities Configuration in the Radioplan Project A27
o Problem Analysis A31
o Optimizer Configuration A33
o Optimization Process A36
o Optimization Results Analysis and Reporting A37
(turn over, please)

Multi-Layer Optimization A39
o Merge Projects A42

Site Selection A59

Traffic Matrix Generation A81

o Traffic Matrix Generation Wizard A88
Training – Course Outline
Course Title Automatic Network Optimization,

Planning Tool Integration, and Planning Data Validation
using the Radioplan Automatic Cell Planning (ACP) Tool
Course Objectives Introduce to using the Radioplan ACP tool for automatic radio network
optimization
Cover the entire workflow from the initially planned network setup
including live measurements for pathloss tuning to the optimized
network setup
Optimize the radio network through cell parameter reconfiguration and
site selection
Understand the concepts of Radioplan ACP optimization and pathloss
tuning
Target Audience Radioplan ACP Beginners (≤ 10);

Radio network planning and optimization engineers who need to:
optimize planned and operating radio networks based on both
planning data and drive test measurements
understand the complete functionality of the Radioplan ACP
optimization solution and how it supports the steps of the network
planning and optimization process
define and order network changes for optimized coverage, capacity,
and service quality as well as report the proposed and finally verified
performance improvements
Required Experience in:

Knowledge
Radio network planning and optimization:
radio network configuration data, radio wave propagation,
planning principles, network roll-out and extension process
Radio networks: structure, functionality, radio network coverage,
capacity and quality
UMTS, HSPA; GSM – according to the technology targeted in the
course
Useful experience:
Measurement data acquisition and analysis for network optimization
Course Targets After this course the participant

has an overview of the Radioplan ACP and its capabilities for network
optimization as well as data import, tuning, and analysis,
understands the approaches of Radioplan ACP optimization and
pathloss tuning including targets, constraints, and possible trade-offs,
has a sound basis to work with the Radioplan ACP tool including the
import of planning data and the use of drive test measurements.
Actix, 2008 Page 1 of 2

Training – Course Outline
For the practical exercises during the training, the customer should provide an own example
one month in advance.
A typical training example can be characterized as follows:

Planning data for about 30…50 sites including valid pathloss predictions as well as clutter,
terrain, and traffic maps
Drive test measurement data for the planning data area
optional: area polygon for optimization and analysis, cartographic map as background
The emphasis on the following topics may be adjusted according to customer needs:
Pathloss Tuning based on drive test measurements
UMTS capacity and coverage optimization
HSDPA optimization
Site selection
Site integration
GSM optimization
Multi-layer optimization with shared antennas
Traffic matrix generation
Note:
Based on this course, Advanced and Update Training as well as Training on the Job is also
available.
Actix, 2008 Page 2 of 2

Automatic Network Optimization using
the Radioplan ACP Tool
Standard Basic Training for Radioplan users
3 days
Copyright © Actix 2008. Commercial in confidence.
Mutual Introduction
Actix Trainer
Participants’ Professional Background & Expectations
Training Objectives
Target Audience & Required Knowledge
Agenda
Copyright © Actix 2008. Commercial in confidence. 2

Course Objectives
Automatic Network Optimisation, Atoll Integration &

Planning Data Validation using the Radioplan ACP Tool
– Introduce to using the Radioplan ACP tool for automatic radio
network optimisation: UMTS, HSDPA, GSM, Multi-Layer
– Understand concepts of Radioplan ACP optimisation and pathloss

tuning
– Cover the entire workflow from the planned network setup

including drive test measurements to the optimised network setup
– Optimise the radio network through cell parameter reconfiguration

and site selection
Target Audience & Required Knowledge
Radio network planning and optimisation engineers

with experience in:
– Radio network planning and optimisation:
radio network configuration data, radio wave propagation,
planning principles, network roll-out and extension process
– UMTS/HSPA and GSM radio networks: structure, functionality,
radio network coverage, capacity and quality
Additional useful experience:

– Measurement data acquisition and analysis for network
optimisation

Approach to Network Optimization
How do you optimize your network?
How do you optimise your network?
Goal:
– What do you consider a good or optimal network?
– What are your performance measures?
Trigger for optimisation:

– How do you identify the need for optimisation?
Method, Actions, Strategy:

– How do you optimise?
Where do you start?
What changes do you apply for which situation?
– Which information, data, tools, ... do you use?
– What do you consider worth doing?
– How much time and effort does it take?
What are the Concepts of

the Radioplan ACP Approach to
Radio Network Optimization?
(Introduction for UMTS Capacity and Coverage

Optimization)
UMTS Capacity and Coverage Optimization
Problem:
– Maximize coverage, capacity, and service quality for a given UMTS radio
network without changing changing the number of sites or cells
at minimum cost
Degrees of freedom:
– The following cell parameters may be changed:
antenna type
antenna tilt
antenna azimuth
[pilot power]
Main challenge:
– Allow the optimization engineer to solve not only isolated troublespots, but
tackle entire clusters at once taking the interdependencies into account
– Immense parameter space !
– Save time through automated solution
Optimisation Method
Problem: extreme complexity

– e.g. 100 cells each with 3 reconfigurable properties and each
property with 5 values: (53)100 | 10209 possible reconfigurations
Requirement
– reach significant performance improvement quickly & targetedly
Evaluated optimization algorithms

– Full search: impractical due to complexity
– Random search: impractical due to complexity and randomness
– Simulated annealing: not targetedly enough and critical
parameterization
Selected: Powell’s Direction Set algorithm

Powell‘s Algorithm
Evaluate one parameter after the other:

Parameter 2 (e.g. azimuth) Original settings
Reconfiguration options
of Parameter 1
Accepted reconfiguration
Parameter 1 (e.g. tilt)
result for Parameter 1

with respect to coverage, cost
Reconfiguration options
of Parameter 2
Accepted reconfiguration
result for Parameter 2
with respect to coverage, cost
combined with Heuristics: e.g. cells & parameters in order of relevance

Trade-off #1: Coverage vs. Capacity
Coverage and capacity may be conflicting objectives

Better coverage requires higher Higher capacity requires higher
Pilot RSCP Pilot Ec/Io
– either by higher Pilot RSCP (Ec)
Å (see left)
– or by less interference (Io)
may cause more cell overlapping achieved by less cell overlapping
refer to RSCP vs. Ec/Io slider:

Coverage Objective Function
What is considered as Coverage ?

Exceed the clutter-specific coverage Exceed the clutter-specific coverage
threshold in the entire (traffic-relevant) threshold for the entire Traffic,
Area, i.e. get all pixels i.e. get all traffic from the traffic map
Pilot RSCP Coverage Threshold plot Equivalent Traffic per Pixel plot
either: Covered Area only or: Covered Traffic only

or: both -
refer to Preferred Coverage Objective slider:
Meaning of Traffic for Optimisation
The traffic value of a pixel determines the significance of this part

of the area for optimisation.
Traffic
per Pixel
high
traffic
zero low
traffic traffic Significance
for optimisation
optional: not relevant relevant
Zero-traffic areas are completely ignored

if “Mask Regions With Zero Traffic” is enabled
Capacity Objective Function (1)
Required cell transmit power (DL) Æ to be minimized for all cells on average
Eliminate interference:
interference – increase the attenuations towards other cells’
coverage areas
traffic Balance traffic across cells
serving area size Adjust cell sizes
Create dominant serving cell signals:

propagation conditions
– Reduce the attenuations towards the desired
coverage areas
Goal: the RF network configuration that needs the least power
to serve the same traffic and area
What is a unique measure to rate the capacity of a UMTS cell?

Relative Load per Cell Æ minimize
– represents the DL power incl. traffic + interference load
accumulated over the cell area incl. some overlapping
– inversely proportional to required SIR
– each pixel weighted by ‘equivalent traffic’
Æ spots with high traffic density are proportionally more important
Ec/Io like SIR = Puseful / (Iintracell + Iintercell + N)
can be maximized through:
– lower pathloss to intended coverage area
Æ coverage ൹
– higher pathloss to other cell’s coverage areas
Æ cell overlapping ൻ pilot pollution ൻ pilot Ec/Io ൹
What is the optimal UMTS radio network with respect to capacity?

Minimum Relative Load per Cell – averaged over all cells
– represents mainly the overall DL power required to serve the traffic
Constraints – possibly on the expense of sub-optimal DL:
– Coverage, Cost, Network Load
Primary focus is on DL:

– antenna configuration changes can most efficiently minimize the DL interference
– to a great extent independent from uncertain traffic predictions
– traffic weighting corresponds to UL load
In case of UL load and cell resources limitations:

– Appropriate cell resources (e.g. codes) should be provided
– UL overload indicates a missing site

Interference Minimisation
Trade-off #2: vs. Load Balancing
Max. Pilot Ec/I0, Min. DL power: UL load, Cell resources:

Orientate one cell directly at the hotspot Orientate several adjacent cells at the
to cover it with optimal DL SIR hotspot to share the traffic
DL power UL load
~ traffic + interference ~ traffic
Hotspot
DL power UL load
~ traffic + interference ~ traffic
Minimum interference, but: Most balanced traffic load, but:

less balanced traffic load DL SIR not optimal & more pilot pollution
refer to Network Load slider:


Main Optimisation Objective: RF Network
Service characteristics
Secondary Statistics
– directly benefit from good RF network based on RF network
– but: highly non-linear dependency + RRM + access network
+ services + traffic + ...
– verification, e.g. by Monte-Carlo simulations,
e.g. blocking, dropping
relies on (too) many assumptions
RF network characteristics
Primary Statistics
– directly affected by RF parameter changes based on RF network
– can be verified with high reliability e.g. by parameters,
drive tests e.g. Rx power, Ec/Io, C/I

What are the Concepts of

the Radioplan ACP Approach to
Radio Network Optimization?
(Specifics for GSM Capacity and Coverage

Optimization)
GSM Capacity and Coverage Optimization
Problem:
– Interference cannot be resolved anymore by the frequency plan
– Tighter frequency reuse needed for more capacity or re-banding
– Existing sites’ cell settings were not adapted to inserted new sites while
evolving the network over time
Degrees of freedom:
– The following cell parameters may be changed:
antenna type
antenna tilt
antenna azimuth
[BCCH carrier power]
Main challenge:
– Allow the optimization engineer to solve not only isolated troublespots, but
tackle entire clusters at once taking the interdependencies into account
– Immense parameter space !
– Save time through automated solution
Trade-off: Coverage vs. Interference
Coverage and interference may be conflicting objectives

Better coverage requires higher Less interference requires higher
BCCH carrier RxLev C/I
– either by higher RxLev (C)
Å (see left)
– or by less interference (I)
may cause more cell overlapping achieved by less cell overlapping
refer to RxLev_DL vs. Overlap slider:

Overlap Objective Function
How to evaluate interference in GSM irrespective of the frequency plan?
The GSM network is considered as a single-frequency network!
Cell Overlap Æ minimize

– each pixel weighted by the traffic
Æ spots with high traffic density are proportionally more important
Constraints:
– RxLev_DL vs. Overlap slider position
– Cost (“RPI” !, optional: limitation of accumulated cost & effort)
– Maximum Users per Cell (Æ target load)

Radioplan Network Optimization Workflow
Planning Radio
DB Network
planning data measurements
Radioplan ACP
Planning Data Initial Analysis by Planning Data Network Export Results to Validation by
Import & Drive Test Tuning by Optimization Planning Data and Drive Test
Project Review Measurements Measurements Live Network Measurements
Planning Radio
DB Network
Radioplan ACP

Planning Tool Data Import - Atoll
How to import Planning Tool data

into Radioplan?
Which data is imported?
Topics:
Required Data for Network Optimization

Requirements on the Planning Data
Planning Tool Project Import – step by step
Planning Tool vs. Radioplan
Important points to remember:

Radioplan ACP relies on planning tool data
Data import and necessary conversion is automated
Result of the import is a new project copy in the Radioplan database

Network configuration
(sites, cells, antennas, repeaters)
Environment (elevation, clutter;
optional: map)
Predicted pathloss Measurements from Optimization targets
Area definition live network Further constraints
optional: Traffic map
optional: Optimization constraints
Radioplan ACP

Requirements on the Asset Data (1)
Asset planning data required for the import to the Radioplan ACP:
– Area definitions:
the area to be optimized to be used as Radioplan Analysis Area
the area to be considered to be used as Radioplan Simulation Area,
including the Analysis Area and a buffer zone around it
the polygons for areas with specific coverage targets (commercial, residential, in-car)
– Optimization constraints at the cells
technical limitations
– XML export – including:
INDEX XML file, which must reference all the other files needed for the import to
Radioplan:
– PROPERTY-LIST, ANTENNA-LIST, optional: FEEDER-LIST
– additionally for UMTS: NODEB-LIST, UMTS-CELL-LIST
– additionally for GSM: CELL-SITE-LIST, GSM-CELL-LIST, optional: CELL-EQUIP-LIST
– Note: The prediction filenames shall be referenced in the XML files!
Requirements on the Asset Data (2)
Asset planning data required for the import to the Radioplan ACP:
– Map data as used by Asset:
Heights
– specified by heights/index.txt file, which references one or more binary heights files
Clutter:
– specified by clutter/index.txt file, which references one or more binary clutter files
– clutter class names in clutter/menu.txt file (or by polygons based on customization)
Traffic:
– specified by *.tri and *.trr files
– Pathloss prediction matrices as used by Asset
unmasked predictions (preferred) or masked predictions
must be up-to-date !
prediction filenames shall be referenced in the XML export

Asset Project Import (1)
File Æ Import Æ Asset Project…
Define a name for the new project

Select the project data
by the INDEX001.xml file
Loss calculation
from FEEDER-LIST001.xml file and/or
from CELL-EQUIP-LIST001.xml file
Raster data selection is pre-configured:
Digital Terrain Model (DTM, heights)
by index file
Clutter by index file
Traffic by *.tri file
Pathloss data folder is pre-configured
Pathloss data
Filter polygon:
not necessary; Simulation Area to be selected in the following
Projection and Display coordinate systems

– are pre-configured
Projection coordinate system

– to be applied to all imported data
– must be the projection system
configured in Asset
Display coordinate system
– has no influence on import process
just Click OK
Automatic import includes:

– Simulation area/Filter polygon, Analysis area
– Antennas
– Sites, Cells (UMTS and GSM)
– Feeder and other losses
calculated from attenuation per length as well as FEEDER-LIST and CELL-EQUIP-LIST
– Heights matrix
– Clutter matrix
raster data file or
automatic creation of the raster matrix from clutter polygons
– Traffic matrix
– Pathloss matrices
assigned to corresponding cell based on:
– (preferred:) prediction file references in XML export
– (otherwise:) cell coordinates, orientation, and model
(preferred:) unmasked predictions
(otherwise:) from masked predictions: antenna pattern impact is removed



Radioplan Tool Introduction
How is the Graphical User Interface (GUI) and

the Radio Network Configuration Data
organized in Radioplan?
Topics:
Projects
Configuration tab tree
Toolbars and Icons
General Settings and Configuration Data Plots
Legend Presets and Layer Templates
User Workspace
The Radioplan application includes an own database
Radioplan data is organized in projects
Search a function for an item in its context menu (right-mouse-click on the item)
Radioplan application: used for ACP*
Radio Access Network
Planning Database
Measurement e.g. Investig. DEM &
Equipment Network Pathloss Traffic Con-
Atoll, & Focus Clutter
Agilent, Anritsu, R&S, Setup Maps Maps straints
Panasonic, TEMS, ... Asset Areas Maps
Automated
Drive Test Analysis •
Tuning of Network Layout & Network Optimization
Planning Data Optimizing of Site and antenna height selection
Performance and adaptation of:
Planning Data
Database • antenna tilt
• antenna azimuth
• antenna type/pattern
• cell power
Dynamic & Static
Network Simulation

*ACP = Automatic Cell Planning 43

Projects (1)
Tabbed tree window:

– Projects
Tree of projects in the Radioplan database
For an opened project :
– Configuration
Radio network configuration data
– Results
e.g. Measurement data (drive test, performance counters, …)
– Layers
List of graphical layers representing, e.g.
configuration data plots, images, results data, cell
visuals, result from coinciding two layers, optimization plots
Projects (2)
Creating projects
– Typically, a poject is either imported:
File Æ Import : e.g. from an RF planning tool
– or loaded:
File Æ Load Project Data… :
from a file system with Radioplan-proprietary formats.
A selected project.cfg file is the reference to such a file system.
– A project is typically not created from scratch: New Project
Opening a project
– Double-click it in the Projects tree
– At the end of import or loading, a project is opened automatically.
A project is closed by opening another project.
Project Data (1)
Network Layer – characterized by:

– System (or Technology): UMTS, GSM, CDMA, iDEN, or WiMAX
– Frequency Band , e.g.
UMTS or CDMA carrier identifier (e.g. UARFCN)
GSM or iDEN frequency band (e.g. 850, 900, 1800, 1900)
– HCS (Hierarchical Cellular Structure): cell layer or any group of cells
– Priority : for serving cell determination
Project Data (2)
Project Statistics
– Traffic Relevant is the area with non-zero traffic density.

Configuration Data
Configuration tab tree

– contains the network configuration data
for the opened project:
Area polygons
Environment data
User characteristics
Radio Access Network (RAN) configuration data
Surface Plots toolbar icons

– create surface plots of the data in the Configuration tab tree
for the activated Network Layer(s)
Areas (1)
Analysis Area (yellow polygon):

– Focus of optimization
– optimization objective function shall be maximized
Simulation Area (brown polygon):
– should surround the analysis area to include further sites for consideration
– The entire simulation area is calculated by the optimization
– optimization objective function shall never be reduced
Automatic visualization and KPI reporting for these area definitions

Other areas (grey polygon):
– for additional display; can be set as Analysis Area or Simulation Area
Each area may consist of sub-polygons
– exclude sensitive areas from optimization
– include additional areas outside main area
Areas (2)
Areas can be imported:

– as part of the import from an RF planning tool or
– from vector data files
Simulation and Analysis Area can be drawn and modified:
– switch on Modify Simulation Area or Modify Analysis Area
– draw new polygon:
left mouse click to create vertex,
double click to finish Æ
– modify existing polygon:
left mouse click on highlighted vertex, release, move, left click
right mouse click on edge,
select Insert Vertex, move, left click
– Edit Æ Undo and Redo are supported
Environment Data (1)
Clutter data
– used to distinguish area-specific targets for the
received power and the Ec/Io or C/I (optional)
See: ‚Optimization Capabilities‘ for more information.
Clutter Classes and Clutter Matrix
– are typically imported from an RF planning tool
– can also be created and modified manually:
import from raster format files
display clutter matrix and switch on Add Clutter Region,
draw polygon, Select Clutter Class
Display the matrix by clicking Plot Clutter Data

– plot legend can be shown or hidden by Draw Additional Legend

Environment Data (2)
Terrain or Heights data

– a.k.a. Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
– used to determine the horizontal angle for the
antenna attenuation
DEM Matrix
– is typically imported from an RF planning tool
– can also be imported from raster format files
Display the matrix by clicking Plot DEM Terrain Data
Note: Vector data loaded to the Streets item is not used by ACP.
User Traffic Characteristics (1)
A user type is represented by a ‚UE Profile‘ ,

which must formally reference:
– an Equipment Profile (except HSDPA flag not relevant for ACP)
– a Mobility Profile (not relevant for ACP)
– a Service Profile with its Traffic Matrix
„Generic Service“ weights the traffic for ACP with 1.0
– a Network Layer or ALL network layers
See: ‚Traffic for ACP Optimization‘ for more information.
This structure is required to hold
a Traffic Matrix.
– The traffic of the matrix can also be scaled by
the Service Portion of the UE Profile.
User Traffic Characteristics (2)
Traffic data
– used for area prioritization (optional)
and for observing optional capacity constraints
Traffic Matrix (also more than one)
– can be imported from an RF planning tool
– can also be imported from raster format files
– can be created using Traffic Matrix Generation
– can also be drawn and modified manually
See: ‚Traffic for ACP Optimization‘ for more information.
Display the matrix by right mouse click on the
Traffic Matrix and select Show this Matrix
Network Configuration (1)
is imported from an RF planning tool

including:
– Antenna patterns
– Site data
– Transmitter, Cell, and TRX data
– Repeater and Additional antenna data
– Pathloss data (!)
See: ‚Planning Tool Data Import‘ for more information.

Antenna beam patterns:

– characterized by horizontal and vertical diagram
– are typically imported from an RF planning tool
– can also be imported from Planet format files
should be grouped into „Antenna Families“
– a set of antenna beam patterns for the
same antenna, just with different electrical tilts
– usually automatically defined during import from
RF planning tool (subject to customization)
– patterns without defined Antenna Family are
grouped in the „No Family“ subfolder
Antenna Settings

Antenna Settings Overview:

– to open: right-mouse-click any element in Antennas folder and
select Settings Overview…
– Number of Occurrences:
provides overview of
antenna usage
– double-click any column
header to sort contents
Buttons in Antenna Settings Overview:

– Only to be used if Antenna Families and Electrical Tilts
have not been initialized as a result of planning data import
and
the following naming conventions apply to the Antenna IDs.
– Antenna ID naming conventions supported
by the Update Antenna Families and Update Electrical Tilt buttons:
<AntennaFamilyName>_<ElectricalTiltInDegree>
<AntennaFamilyName>_T<ElectricalTiltInDegree>
– For example:
Both Antenna IDs „742212_U_6“ and „742212_U_T6“ result in
Antenna Family = „742212_U“ and Electrical Tilt [deg] = 6.

Site Settings:
– to open: double-click the respective site name
– typically imported from an RF planning tool
– (X, Y, Z=Altitude) position
– Status Info and Custom Parameters
may contain further site parameters:
either imported:
– from an RF planning tool
(subject to customization)
– from file (see Site Settings Overview)
or added manually
See: ‚Optimization Capabilities‘ for information
on the Optimization parameters.
Export from / Import (= Update) to Settings Overview tables:

– right-mouse-click anywhere on the grid
– Export to File…
exports the table to a TAB-delimited *.txt file
Invisible elements (e.g. due to filtering) are not exported.
– Update from File…
TAB-delimited *.txt file with a header row:
– one header field must specify the Key of the respective Settings
Overview table, e.g. antenna, site, cell „ID“
– other rows and columns may also contain more as well as less elements
and parameters than in the Settings Overview and also at any sequence
if the respective Key column is found in the file, e.g. cell „ID“ :
– for each Key element, e.g. cell , which is listed in the Overview Settings:
all parameters defined in the file are overwritten in the Settings Overview
table or, if not defined yet, added as new columns (Custom Parameters)
– Note: No new rows are created.

Cell Settings:
– to open: double-click the respective cell name
– typically imported from an RF planning tool
– technology-independent parameters:
General
– technology-specific parameters, e.g.:
Resources
HSDPA (UMTS)
TRXs (GSM, iDEN)
– Optimization parameters
See: ‚Optimization Capabilities‘ for more information.
– Custom Parameters
See: ‚Site Settings‘ for more information.
Cell and Transmitter/TRX Active flags:

– Each cell has an Active flag, which indicates that „the cell exists in the network“
as checkbox in front of the cell item in the Configuration tree
in the „Active“ column in the Cell Settings Overview
Inactive cells are not displayed in the main window.
– Each UMTS, CDMA, or WiMAX cell has a single Transmitter Active flag,
which indicates that „the transmitter is on, so that the cell is radiating power“
as Transmitter „Activated“ flag in the Cell Settings
as „Transmitter Active“ option in the cell‘s context menu
in „Transmitter Active“ column in the Cell Settings Overview
– Each GSM or iDEN cell has one Active flag per Radio/TRX,
which indicates that „the respective TRX is on and radiating power“
as „Active“ flag in the List of Radios/TRX in the Cell Settings
as „Active“flag in the Transmitter Settings Overview
The BCCH „Active“ flag is also accessible
as „Transmitter Active“ option in the cell‘s context menu
Cells with inactive transmitter or BCCH TRX are displayed as:
Cell Settings Overview:

– technology-specific:
right-mouse-click any cell
of the respective technology
technologies indicated by colors
all cells with same technology are
listed with all their parameters
– technology-independent:
File Æ Current Project Æ …
in case of cells: all cells of the project
are listed, but only the
technology-independent parameters
Pathloss Data
Radioplan does not include a prediction model.

Pathloss data
– Predictions must be imported from an RF planning tool
– Pathloss matrices can be tuned in Radioplan by measurements from
drive tests.
Pathloss Matrix
– is attached to every Cell, Repeater,
and Additional Antenna
– contains the unmasked pathloss,
i.e. without antenna pattern
Display a matrix by right mouse click on the
Pathloss Matrix and select Show this Matrix
General Settings
Default Plot Pixel Size

– affects display and dependent analysis functions
– is independent of the original configuration data
resolution as well as of the Calculation Pixel Size
configured for Optimization or KPI Analysis
Restrict Plots to Simulation Area
– strongly recommended to speed up plots
Noise Floor for each technology
Default Settings for Configuration Data Plots
Message Logging
– log output to Message window can be logged to
text files (new file for every 2MB; old is backed up)
‘Local TEMP Directory’ storage recommended if Radioplan database

is on a remote server to the Radioplan application server
Number of Processor cores to be exploited in parallel
Configuration Data Plots (1)
Surface plots of Configuration tab data

– are based on the Æ General Settings
– Plot Clutter Data and Plot DEM Terrain Data
See: ‚Environment Data‘ for more information.
– further plots:
Received Power
Interference Ratio
Best Serving Cell
Cell Overlapping
can be configured in the Æ Configuration Data Plot Settings
– Symbol in the Layers tab

Plot Settings
– Title: pre-defined depending on technology; can be edited
– Pixel Size: from General Settings; can be modified
– Min. DL Rx Power: pixels with less received power are not
displayed
Options:
– Overwrite…: By default, the last, unlocked layer of the same
type (e.g. Received Power configuration plot) is overwritten
– Use Pathloss Clutter Offsets: The Pathloss Offsets configured
in the Clutter Classes Settings can be added to the pathloss
e.g. for modeling the indoor received power
– Restrict…: from General Settings; can be modified
– Mask Area by Traffic: If a Traffic Matrix is available, pixels
with zero traffic are not displayed.
– Use Color…: for Best Serving Cell plot
Example for UMTS network layers
Special Plot Settings

– Evaluate 1st or n-th Best Server
Æ for Received Power and Best Serving Cell plots
– Cell Overlap Window [dB]: cells within this margin below
the best server are counted as overlapping (incl. server)
Æ for Cell Overlapping plot
Interference (example for UMTS):
– Noise Floor: from General Settings
– Calculation Mode:
Constant Network Load: all cells loaded as defined by
Network Load [%], where 0% = common channels only and
100% = Maximum Power of the respective cell;
irrespective of a traffic matrix
Constant Cell Tx Power: all cells loaded as defined by
Cell Tx Power [dBm], which includes the common channels
Individual Cell Tx Power: each cell loaded as defined by
the cell‘s Total Power [dBm], which includes the common ch.
Æ for Interference Ratio plot
Example for UMTS network layers
Special Plot Settings

– Evaluate 1st or n-th Best Server
Æ for Received Power and Best Serving Cell plots
– Cell Overlap Window [dB]: cells within this margin below
the best server are counted as overlapping (incl. server)
Æ for Cell Overlapping plot
Interference (example for GSM):
– Noise Floor: from General Settings
– Calculation Mode:
Co-Channel Network: all BCCH TRXs considered as co-channel
interferers, irrespective of a frequency plan
Frequency Plan: co-channel interference based on the
configured frequency plan
Expected Interference: probability of co-channel interference
based on # of Available Channels as well as the respective cells‘
frequency plan, number of TRX, and forbidden frequencies
Æ for Interference Ratio plot Example for GSM network layers
„Expected Interference“
– The interference by a co-channel TRX is weighted by a probability:
¦
frequency _ k
pik p jk
preceived_cell_i, interfering_cell_j
No _ of _ TRX i
where pij, pik are defined as:

0 if frequency _ k _ is _ forbidden _ at _ cell _ l
° No _ of _ TRX l
pcell_l, frequency_k ®min ª1, º
° « »
¯ ¬ No _ of _ available _ freq. No _ of _ forbidden _ freq.l ¼
– It can be used as an option for interference calculation, especially in

conjunction with frequency re-planning after ACP optimization.

Received Power plot
– beacon signal power

[dBm] received from
the best serving cell
– UMTS, CDMA, WiMAX:

Best Pilot Power
– GSM, iDEN:
Best RxLev Power
Plot Interference Ratio
– beacon signal
interference ratio
[dB] of the
best serving cell
– UMTS, CDMA:
Best Ec/Io
– GSM, iDEN:
Best C/I
– WiMAX:
Best CINR

Plot Best Serving Cell
Enable
‘Draw Additional
Legend‘
to display the string-
legend

Customize Legends for Plots
To open:
Click on the legend scale in the black bar
Adjust / Select:
Scale Limits
Type of legend: Shading or Color Steps
(Æ to select Color Steps legend: disable Autoscale!)
Table of colors and thresholds
Buttons to manipulate table entries
Use Create Transition… button:
for creating an automatic range of thresholds
Legend Presets:
are templates that can be applied to any surface
plot (Load)
can be defined by the user (Add…)
Radioplan can be initialized with custom templates
Default Legend Preset
Customize Surface Plots (‚Layers‘)
To open:
Click below the legend scale in the black bar
Define:
Description
Display options
Layer Templates:
current layer settings can be used as template
for all layers of this type
(e.g. for all Best Pilot Power plots)
are saved in the User Workspace

User Workspace
Tools menu:
General and Display Settings Save or load legend.ini
are saved in winesworkspace.ini to share Legend Templates
Save or load winesworkspace.ini

to share Workspace Settings
or
Reset workspace
Manage Layer Templates:

Planning Radio
DB Network
Radioplan ACP
Planning Data Initial Analysis Planning Data Network Export Results to Validation by
Import & by Drive Test Tuning by Optimization Planning Data and Drive Test
Measurements Import and Analysis
How to import Drive Test data

into Radioplan?
Which data is imported and required?
How to compare the drive test

measurements with the planning data?

Topics:

Import of Measurement Data
Compare Measurements and Planning Data

Drive test measurements are used for:
– Planning data validation
– Pathloss tuning
to increase the accuracy of the data for network optimization
Import of measurements is automated
optional: map)
Radioplan ACP
Planning Data Initial Analysis Planning Data Network Export Results to Validation by
Import & by Drive Test Tuning by Optimization Planning Data and Drive Test

Import of Measurement Data (1-UMTS)
UMTS scanner measurements Planning tool predictions

refer to: refer to:
– Scrambling code (SC) – UMTS cell
– with SC as a cell parameter
Measurements are assigned automatically during import

to the nearest cell with identical SC
If SC is not contained in the present network configuration,

measurements are still imported, but further refer to the SC
Import of Measurement Data (1-GSM)
GSM scanner measurements Planning tool predictions

refer to: refer to:
– BCCH channel number (ARFCN) – GSM cell
– BSIC – with BCCH ARFCN and BSIC
(NCC, BCC) as a cell parameters
Measurements are assigned automatically during import

to the nearest cell with identical ARFCN & BSIC
If ARFCN & BSIC are not contained in the present network

configuration, measurements are still imported, but further
refer to the ARFCN & BSIC
Import of Measurement Data (2)
Select the import plugin for the measurement data format
Import of Measurement Data (3-UMTS)
e.g.: Ericsson TEMS FMT (UMTS)

Select the measurement data files
(Note: All files must be in one folder.)
Map scrambling codes to cell names !
Use Cable Loss to account for additional losses
of the measurement system
optional:
Limitation to the Simulation Area
Set Offset when different Result Sets
should be displayed for same route
Set thresholds for derived parameters:
1. minimum RSCP and Ec/Io
2. RSCP overlap: margin for active set analysis
Import Mobile Measurements
Select a file with custom header definitions
Define a Title for the measurement data set
Import of Measurement Data (3-GSM)
e.g.: Ericsson TEMS GSM FMT

Select the measurement data files
(Note: All files must be in one folder.)
Map ARFCN & BSIC to cell names !
Use Cable Loss to account for additional losses
of the measurement system
optional:
Limitation to the Simulation Area
Set Offset when different Result Sets
should be displayed for same route
Import Mobile Measurements
Select a file with custom header definitions
Define a Title for the measurement data set
Measurements in the Result Set (1-UMTS)
Measurement Parameters
‘... - Cell [dBm]’:

contains ALL available measured values
(per cell and bin)
‘..._Best [...]’:
contains only values of the bins, where a cell
(or Scrambling code) is Best Server
Usage for comparison with planning data:

RSCP_Best [dBm] to be compared
with Best Pilot Power plot
RSCP_Best [Cell] to be compared
with Best Cell plot

Measurements in the Result Set (1-GSM)
Measurement Parameters
‘... - Cell [dBm]’:

contains ALL available measured values
(per cell and bin)
‘..._Best [...]’:
contains only values of the bins, where a cell
(or ARFCN & BSIC) is Best Server
Usage for comparison with planning data:

RxLev_Best [dBm] to be compared
with Best RxLev Power plot
RxLev_Best [Cell] to be compared
with Best Serving Cell plot
Derived Parameters
(after Import Process)
# of cells above the thresholds (RSCP, Ec/Io)

as set in the import dialog (per bin)
# of decoded cells (per bin)
# cells in Active Set considering the Margin

as set in the import dialog (per bin)

Parameter Description
Complete UMTS
Cells_Above_Threshold [Num] Number of received cells with an Pilot RSCP > RSCP Threshold and an Pilot
PN Scanner Ec/I0 > Ec/Io Threshold (defined in Measurements Import dialog)
measurement Cells_Received [Num] Number of received cells

Cells_Within_Margin [Num] Number of received cells within the RSCP Overlap margin below the best cell
results description (defined in Measurements Import dialog)
EcIo - Cell [dB] Pilot Ec/Io for each cell
EcIo_Best [Cell] Best cell based on Pilot Ec/Io
– refer also to:
Actix Radioplan EcIo_Best [dB] Pilot Ec/Io of the best cell
Measurement Guide ISCP - Cell [dBm] Pilot ISCP for each cell
Paths [Num] Number of detected paths
RSCP - Cell [dBm] Pilot RSCP for each cell
RSCP_Best [Cell] Best cell based on Pilot RSCP
RSCP_Best [dBm] Pilot RSCP of the best cell
RSCP_TopN [Cell] Top N cell list based on Pilot RSCP
RSCP_TopN [dBm] Top N Pilot RSCP list
RSSI - Cell [dBm] RSSI (noise) for each cell
RSSI [dBm] Mean RSSI
SIR - Cell [dB] SIR for each cell
SIR_Best [Cell] Best Cell based on SIR
SIR_Best [dB] SIR of the best cell
Mobile (UE) measurements

including:
– MS_ActiveSet [Num]
– MS_Event [Event]
– MS_EventInfo [Event]
– MS_RRC_State [State]
– MS_UL_TxPower [dBm]
– MS_UL_Interference [dBm]
Double-click the parameter

to create a plot
Measurements in the Result Set (5)
If the measurements were already imported into another

project:
– Right-mouse-click on the Results tree root
– Select Show Results of All Projects
Create Default Plots (UMTS)
just select:
Type of plot
Pixel resolution
Area

Generally Create a Plot from Measurements
Double-click the parameter name in the Result set
Parameters for Active Project dialog:
– Appropriate default settings are automatically preselected
and remembered from the previous selection
optional:
Restrict to Area
Select „Use Time

Information“
Select a
combining
function for all
data in a pixel
Select cells Select „Surface Plot“ Select „Raster Plot“ and Pixel Size (e.g. 50m)
Best Cells Comparative Analysis (1-UMTS)
Pilot RSCP values of the best serving cells:

– Predictions: Plot Received Power Æ
– Measurements: Best Pilot RSCP default plot Æ

Best Cells Comparative Analysis (1-GSM)
RxLev Power values of the best serving cells - create:

– Predictions: Plot Received Power Æ
– Measurements: RxLev Best [dBm] direct surface plot Æ
Pilot RSCP values of the best serving cells (cont‘d) -

Overlaid plots comparison:
– Use same legend Tooltips show the pixel values
(preset can be reused)
– Activate both layers
– Lock both layers

for later reference:
right-mouse-click and
select Lock Layer
RxLev Power values of the best serving cells (cont‘d) -

– Use same legend Tooltips show the pixel values
(preset can be reused)

select Lock Layer

Difference plot , e.g. Measurements minus Predictions :
– Right-mouse-click
and select Coincide with other Layer…
– Select Best Pilot Power
as Reference Layer
– Function DIFFERENCE
is selected as default


Difference plot , e.g. Measurements minus Predictions :
– Right-mouse-click
and select Coincide with other Layer…
– Select Best RxLev Power
as Reference Layer
– Function DIFFERENCE
is selected as default

Statistics of the Difference plot:
– Right-mouse-click on the Difference plot
and select Histogram from Surface Plot Æ Histogram also shows Mean value
and Standard Deviation

Best serving cell areas:

– Predictions: Plot Best Serving Cell Æ
– Measurements: Best Serving Cell default plot Æ
Best serving cell areas:

– Predictions: Plot Best Serving Cell Æ
– Measurements: RxLev Best [Cell] direct surface plot Æ

Best serving cell areas (cont‘d) -

Overlaid plots comparison
– Colors are automatic; click Draw Additional Legend to show/hide the legend

select Lock Layer

– Colors are automatic; click Draw Additional Legend to show/hide the legend

select Lock Layer

Switched Sectors (1)

– color mismatches may indicate switched sectors
or different assignments of UMTS scrambling codes or GSM frequencies/BSICs
Switched Sectors (2)
Inappropriate assignments of measurements to cells, incl.

switched sectors, must be corrected before Pathloss Tuning
– A temporary solution (avoiding a re-import of the measurements):
Edit the Result Set and re-assign the measurements from the wrong cell
(Old Value) to the correct cell (New Value)
then re-generate the measurements plot or
– Nevertheless, finally the live network and the planning data status must be aligned!
Single Cell Comparative Analysis (1-UMTS)
All available Pilot RSCP values of an individual cell:

– Predictions: right-mouse-click the respective cell name and
select Show Received Power
– recommended options:
add the cell name to the Plot Title and disable Overwrite existing Layer
Single Cell Comparative Analysis (1-GSM)
All available RxLev Power values of an individual cell:

– Predictions: right-mouse-click the respective cell name and
select Show Received Power
– recommended options:
add the cell name to the Plot Title and disable Overwrite existing Layer

All available Pilot RSCP values of an individual cell:

– Measurements: double-click RSCP - Cell [dBm] and
in the Parameters… dialog select the cell from the list of IDs
– optional: select Pixel Size and Area
All available RxLev Power values of an individual cell:

– Measurements: double-click RxLev - Cell [dBm] and
in the Parameters… dialog select the cell from the list of IDs
– optional: select Pixel Size and Area

All available Pilot RSCP values of an individual cell (cont‘d) -

– Use same legend
(preset can be reused) Tooltips show the pixel values

select Lock Layer
Further analysis options are similar to best cell values: Difference plot, Statistics
All available RxLev Power values of an individual cell (cont‘d) -

– Use same legend
(preset can be reused) Tooltips show the pixel values

select Lock Layer
Further analysis options are similar to best cell values: Difference plot, Statistics
Planning Radio
DB Network
Radioplan ACP
Planning Data Tuning by Measurements
What is the approach of

Radioplan Pathloss Tuning?
How to perform Pathloss Tuning?

Topics:
Radioplan Pathloss Tuning Approach

Execution including Before-After Analysis

Goal: to increase the accuracy of the data for network optimization
– Fast 1-step procedure combining pathloss predictions with drive test
measurements
– Includes a cell-by-cell analysis: difference, number of measurements
Further by-products:
– Indicating large deviations, switched sectors, insufficient measurements
optional: map)
Radioplan ACP

Conventional: Model Tuning
Prediction Model Tuning is an extensive, iterative process

Drive Test Statistical
Data Analysis
NO
Pathloss Derive Model
YES
Acceptable? Prediction Not applied in
Parameters Radioplan
Model
Recalculate
Predictions
Of course, the pathloss data input to Radioplan may be generated by a tuned model.
Radioplan: Pathloss Tuning (1)
Automatic tuning of all predicted pathloss matrices

based on available measurements
predicted pathloss matrix of a cell

+
Æ Minimize the error (mean and standard deviation)

between planning and measurements
available measurements for above matrix
SIGNAL STRENGTH
SIGNAL STRENGTH
Predicted Initial
Signal Profile Signal Profile
Replacing predicted Per cell calibration

datapoints with of propagation model
measured datapoints
Measured Measured
Data Data
Points Points
Modified Calibrated
Signal Profile Signal Profile
Distance Distance
Possible method: Radioplan preferred method:

replace predictions with measurements shift the entire prediction map
towards the averaged measurements

applied for each cell to the corresponding pathloss matrix

2 selectable methods, which are mutually exclusive per PLT bin
PLT bin
– The “Resolution of Control Points” is the bin size for PathLoss Tuning. e.g. 250m
“Local Shadowing” tuning – accounts for shadowing 'PL00 'PL10

– for each PLT bin with sufficient number of measurements o o
– calculate a local offset per PLT bin as: 'y
'PLbin = E[Measurements] – E[Predictions]
– tune related predictions by the local offets +
'x
o o
“Global Offset” tuning – accounts for systematical error 'PL01 'PL11
– for all other PLT bins without sufficient number of measurements bi-linear interpolation
– calculate the “Global Offset” from the entire pathloss matrix as: between (+) the
PLT-bin-based offsets (o)
'PLfrom-all-bins = E[Measurements] – E[Predictions]
– tune predictions, which are not tuned locally by the “Global Offset”

Binned and grid-averaged measurements:

offset values at reference points
examples
examples
Resulting tuned pathloss matrix

Original pathloss matrix
Before Pathloss Tuning
Select the Network Layer to be tuned

It is a precondition that the measurements are assigned to
the correct cells!
– Additionally the Pathloss Tuning Overview step may help to identify
mismatches.
For a Before-After Analysis, create and lock the following plots:
– UMTS: and GSM:
– UMTS: and GSM:

Start Pathloss Tuning
Measurements Æ Tune Pathloss Matrices

– Select the project that contains the imported
drive test measurements
– Select one or more Measurement Result Sets
In case of doubt, keep the default settings -

– Resolution of Control Points is the PLT bin size
Æ should be set to about the mean distance
between the streets in the drive test
– Show Grid of Control Points: display the selected
PLT bin size as a Graphics Overlay
– Measuremen Data Bin Size for binning the raw
measurement data Æ should be set equal to
(but not smaller than) the pixel size of the
pathloss matrices
Pathloss Tuning Overview (1)
not tuned yet, but: Cell-by-cell data analysis Æ Review!

Comment
classifies the results per cell
(Double-click the header to sort
the table based on the column!)
Cells with No or Not enough

Measurements are
automatically disabled
OK cells can usually be tuned

as they are.
Check Difference cells have

more than s10dB Global
Offset Æ should be analyzed:
What is the reason for their
big deviation between mea-
surements and predictions?
Confirm Æ executes the pathloss tuning as selected
Global Offset [dB] is the mean difference of Measurements - Predictions

– > 0 : predicted received power is on average lower than measured
– < 0 : predicted (…) higher than measured
What could be Reasons for a big Global Offset, i.e. for large average
differences between measurements and predictions?
To locate and further investigate a cell:

– Mark a table row, click Find Selected Cell, and minimize the window

3 flags to control the pathloss tuning:

– Enable Tuning: master flag
– Global Offset Correction: enables “Global Offset“ tuning
– Local Shadowing: enables “Local Shadowing“ tuning
No Measurements – if the cell is located in the area of interest:
– Was the cell not turned on during the drive test?
– Does the UMTS/CDMA scrambling code or GSM/iDEN BCCH channel number & color
code configured in the planning tool not match the measured one?
Not enough Measurements – if the cell is located in the area of interest:
– Collect further measurements, change/extend drive test route
Check Difference – if the cell shall be tuned by the „Global Offset“:
– Recommendation: edit the Global Offset to limit it to not exceed s10dB
After Pathloss Tuning (1)
Pathloss Tuning can be reverted by Undo Pathloss Tuning

Pathloss Tuning has been executed on a project:
– if Measurements Æ Undo Pathloss Tuning is active
– if the generated Pathloss Tuning Overview table
lists Already Tuned items
For a Before-After Analysis, create the following plots again:

– UMTS: and GSM:
– UMTS: and GSM:
– use Overlaid plots, Layer Slide Show, Difference plot, Statistics etc.
for comparative analysis

Reduced deviation between predictions and measurements
Reuse of Tuned Predictions:

– Archive tuned predictions to load it after the next import of the
project from the planning tool
File Æ Export Æ Export Tuned Predictions…
select the folder for archiving
After importing the planning tool project with untuned predictions:
File Æ Import Æ Import Tuned Predictions…
Untuned predictions of the corresponding cells are automatically overwritten, if
the location, dimension, and resolution of the matrix is the same.
– Export tuned predictions to the planning tool

refer to planning tool export from Radioplan

Planning Radio
DB Network
Radioplan ACP
Network Optimization
How to perform
UMTS Capacity and Coverage Optimization?
(Introductory example for a single Network Layer)

Topics:
Optimization Workflow:
Step-by-Step

The UMTS Capacity and Coverage Optimization:
– reconfigures cell parameters (antenna type, tilt, azimuth, pilot power)
– to maximize coverage and minimize interference, thereby maximizing the
capacity of the existing network configuration at minimum cost
optional: map)
Radioplan ACP

Optimization Workflow
Network
Optimization
Optimization Problem Optimizer Optimization process Optimization

capabilities analysis configuration ෥ incl. progress results analysis
configuration in the indication, automatic and reporting
Radioplan project plots
Optimization Capabilities in the Project
for UMTS Capacity and Coverage Optimization


Network Layer and Active Cells (UMTS)
The optimization will be executed for:

– the active cells
– of the selected Network Layer
There are 2 Active flags:

– Cell Active flag
– Transmitter
(„Subcell“)
Active flag
Areas Definition
Analysis Area (yellow polygon):

– Focus of optimization
– determines the reconfigurable cells
– optimization objective function shall be maximized
Simulation Area (brown polygon):
– should surround the analysis area to include buffer sites for consideration
– The entire simulation area is all calculated by the optimization
– optimization objective function shall never be reduced
Each area may consist of sub-polygons

– exclude specific areas from optimization
– include additional areas outside main area
Automatic visualization and KPI reporting for these area definitions
Clutter-Specific Coverage Targets (UMTS)
Clutter-specific Pilot RSCP target thresholds:

– account for shadowing margins and indoor penetration
– used to determine Pilot RSCP Covered Area and Covered Traffic
For example:
– highest: Dense Urban -80 dBm = -95 dBm + 15 dB „pathloss offset“
– Urban -85 dBm = -95 dBm + 10 dB
– Suburban -90 dBm = -95 dBm + 5 dB
– lowest: Rural, open areas -95 dBm = -95 dBm = reference threshold
Optimization Clutter
Æ Analysis Classes
Settings Æ Settings
Clutter-Specific Coverage Targets
Predictions from the planning tool are

outdoor ground level with 50% reliability
The decision whether a certain received signal level is sufficient for
coverage can be made however also for indoor and higher reliability:
A higher target can account for:
– Shadowing margin Received ุ Outdoor threshold level
signal level required for Coverage
– Indoor penetration loss
Example: -95 dBm
-95 dBm + 9 dB
+ 9 dB + 10 dB
-90 dBm -95 dBm = -84 dBm = -74 dBm
Outdoor Outdoor Outdoor Indoor

The prediction model may consider clutter-specific
ground level ground level ground level ground level
attenuations on the propagation path.
50% reliability 50% reliability 95% reliability 95% reliability
Antenna Families
Required for electrical tilt optimization:

– set of patterns for same antenna model,
each with different electrical tilt
– automatically generated during
customized planning data import
– otherwise: configurable in Antenna Settings Overview
– ‘No Family’ antennas cannot be used for electrical tilt
optimization (except: “AEDT approximation” is used)
– Note: ‘Update Antenna Families’ and ‘Update Electrcial Tilt’
works for the following naming schemes:
<Family>_<e-Tilt [r]> , <Family >_T<e-Tilt [r]> , <Family >_<e-Tilt [r]>_U
Groups of Alternative Antennas
Required for antenna type optimization:

– set of antennas of
different antenna models,
i.e. of different antenna families
During optimization the original antenna definition at a cell can then be

replaced with an antenna definition from up to 5 configured antenna groups.
Site Constraints on Antenna Changes
To prevent any change at a site: disable ‚Is Reconfigurable‘

– configure several sites at once in the Site Settings Overview
For sites with antenna installation with locked azimuths

‚Lock Angle between Cells…‘ must be activated
– Then, any azimuth change at a cell of thsis site must not change the azimuth
relations between the cells.
Cell Constraints on Antenna Changes (1)
Reconfigurable parameters
– due to technical and installation limitations of the respective antenna
– Note: The optimization may apply even tighter constraints.
– configure several cells at once in the Cell Optimization Settings Overview

Cell Constraints on Antenna Changes (2)
Reconfigurable parameters:
– Mechanical Tilt, Electrical Tilt, Azimuth, Power, Antenna Type
– also indicate whether Electrical Tilt can be changed remotely
Absolute Min-Max range for reconfiguration:
– Mechanical Tilt, Azimuth, Power – within the given range
– Electrical Tilt – within the smaller of the two ranges:
antenna family and range given here
– Antenna Type – within the selected Group (defined in Antenna Settings)
Step size for reconfiguration:
– Tilt (applies to Mechanical and Electrical), Azimuth, Power
Max. Users per Cell:
– The target number of users for this cell.
(cell-specific Costs only used for Capital Planning, not for ACP)
Problem Analysis


General Settings
Tools Æ General Settings

contains options that are
relevant for optimization:
– Restrict Plots to Simulation Area !
– Plot pixel size for display

(as opposed to:
Calculation pixel size
for optimization)
– Noise Floor
– Message logging to file
Multiple Network Layers
For a multi-layer optimization:

– select the Target network layer(s) now
from the drop-down menu
or
in Network Layers dialog
– select the Constraint network layers later

in the Optimization Wizard

Analysis Settings (1-UMTS)
have to be defined for the Analysis Plots
Calculation Pixel Size

– recommended: 25m … 50m … 100m (depending on average site distance,
area size, optimization run-time, and RAM constraints)
– not smaller than pathloss matrix resolution
Pilot RSCP and Ec/Io targets
– to be set according to planning guidelines
– clutter-specific offsets are added
– Pilot Ec/Io target is related to Network Load
DCH Network Load
– 0%: no DCH user traffic
– > 0% ... 100%: DCH user traffic load level
above CCH powers up to Max. Cell Power
– Trade-off between interference
minimization and load balancing

Cell Overlap Margin

– to be set according to reporting guidelines
Margin for Relevant Cell Plot
– Optimization Æ ... Analysis Plots Æ Best Cell Areas Æ Relevant Cells
identifies all cells that are received within this margin below the best serving cell at
any pixel inside of the Analysis Area
– useful to determine the necessary Simulation Area size
Traffic and Area Masking
– Consider Traffic Distribution
if traffic map available
– Areas with zero traffic density can be
excluded from optimization
– Optimization can also be performed for:
initially covered area only
Analysis Area only
Cells Located in Analysis Area

– all active cells within the Analysis Area.
– reconfiguration is hard-limited to Analysis Area
Best Cells in Analysis Area
– all "Cells Located in Analysis Area" plus all active
cells that are the best server at least at one pixel
in the Analysis Area
– reconfiguration is soft-limited to Analysis Area and
surrounding cells with significant impact
Cells Within Margin in Analysis Area
– all "Best Cells in Analysis Area" plus
all active cells that are received within
a Margin below the best server at least
at one pixel in the Analysis Area.
– The Margin [dB] is configurable below.
– reconfiguration is soft-limited to
Analysis Area and more surrounding
cells with possible impact
Analysis Plots (UMTS)
Optimization Layers:
– created from Optimization menu – listed in Layers tab
– indicated by icon
Optimizer Configuration


‚Run Optimization‘ Wizard
– Template Selection
Optimization Æ Run Optimization…
One element must be selected:

– an available template, i.e.
a pre-defined optimization
scenario or
– „No Template …“, i.e.
use the optimization settings
previously saved in the project
To go through all settings pages
– check Show Optimization Wizard Next
– low user level can block access to that Wizard
Page

– Optimization Task Selection (UMTS)
Select Optimizer and

Æ Configure Optimizer… Opti-
mizer
Settings
Optimization Plot Settings
– for each selected plot, a pair of
optimization plots is automatically
created during the optimization process:
„… (Begin Opt.)“ and
„… (Running Opt.)“ or „… (End Opt.)“
Plot Options
– Remove Present Plots
removes all unlocked Optimization plots from the
Layers tab before generating the new plots
– Automatic Plot Update
Next
„…(Running Opt.)“ plots are continuously updated
Wizard
disable to further speed up the optimization Page

Optimizer Settings (1-UMTS)
Select optimizable parameters

Required Performance
Improvement (RPI)
= minimum required benefit to
accept the parameter change;
Recommendation:
– 2% ... 10% for expensive changes
(e.g. antenna type, azimuth,
mechanical tilt)
– 0% ... 1% for less expensive changes
(e.g. electrical tilt, [Pilot power])
Select optimization range around initial value,
i.e. search window per ‘run’
– see next slide for details
Optimizer Settings (2)
“Search window” per Optimization Run

initial value before optimization e.g.
may be planning default, pre-optimized, … 2
“hard” limited range

defined in Project Æ Cell Optimization Capabilities 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
e.g. for mechanical tilt
[Min..(StepSize)..Max] = [0..(1)..15] 5 steps down, but
hard-limited by 0
“soft” limited search window 5 steps up
(“up” = higher value)
per optimization run, e.g. 3 runs Run #1 01234567
defined in ‘Run Optimization’ Wizard Æ
Optimizer Settings
Run #2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
e.g. mechanical tilt
[Max Steps Up; .. Down] = [5; 5]
assumed optimization results Run #3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Rule of thumb – for exploiting the entire optimization range:

# opt. runs * Max Steps Up (or Down) | hard limited range, e.g. here: 3 * 5 = 15
“Business Rules” contain

additional options:
Check Minimum Azimuth

Separation
– No azimuth change must violate
the configured min. separation
from its adjacent sectors.
Check Maximum Users per Cell
– No reconfiguration must increase
the number of users at any cell
above the Max. Users per Cell
threshold defined in that cell.
Coverage targets and constraints:

Target percentage of the
covered area (i.e. pixels)
to be applied to:
– Analysis area
– Simulation area
– each clutter class area,
if ‘Use Clutter...’ is enabled
If clutter classes are very much
fragmented ‘Merge ...’ should be applied.
covered traffic (i.e. traffic values)
(similar to above)

Trade-off between optimization

towards coverage (RSCP) and
interference or capacity (Ec/Io) :
Left: maximize RSCP coverage only
Inside Left: prefer RSCP coverage,
no capacity degradation
Inside Right: prefer capacity,
no RSCP degradation
Right: maximize capacity only
Coverage objective:
consider Coverage in terms of:
Area or Traffic or both
Max. Number of optimization runs
Iterative method: 3 or 2 recommended

– Multi-Layer Optimization (UMTS)
In case of a single network layer

just click Next
For Multi-Layer Optimization:

– target network layers are displayed
– select constraint network layers
– refer to Multi-Layer optimization Next
for more information Wizard
Page

– Settings for Target Layers (UMTS)
mainly include the Optimization

Analysis Settings
review and adjust, if required
Additional
Thresholds
– for additional
statistics in the
Optimization
summary report
– no impact on
the optimization
Use Additional Electrical DownTilt (AEDT) Next

Approximation: Wizard
– just for special case of no antenna families are available Page

– Settings for Target Layers
Overshooting Cell Compensation

– If enabled, overshooting („boomer“) cells
are automatically identified and tilted
down before starting the actual
optimization process
– A cell, which exceeds the Minimum
Interference To Serving Area Ratio, is
considered as an overshooting cell.

– Cost Control Settings (UMTS)
The total cost and effort required

for all changes can be limited here.
– If disabled, the RPI values in the Optimizer
Settings still consider the cost and benefit
of different types of changes.
– Even if disabled:
still useful for reporting the total cost and
effort accumulated over all changes
A solution for a limited budget can also
be selected later from the Optimization
Progress Chart.
Consider config. Rollout Status of Sites
for Capacity and Coverage optimization:
Next
– If enabled: RPI values are only considered and Wizard
Cost and Effort are only accumulated
for sites with Rollout Status „Existent“
Page

– Configuration Summary
Summary of the selected template

and the configured settings
Save as Template
– the entire configuration can be saved
as a new template
– low user level can block access to that
Start
the
optimi-
zation
Optimization Settings - Customization
All optimization settings are persistently saved in the

respective project of the Radioplan database.
– from Analysis Settings and Optimization Wizard
– if confirmed by OK, by Save if the Optimization Wizard
is canceled, or by starting the optimization of the project
Additionally, the Optimizer Settings can be

saved to and loaded from a user-defined
configuration file optimization.ini .
Optimization Process


Optimization Start
The ‘Run’ button at the last page of the ‘Run Optimization’ Wizard starts
the optimization.
Automatic actions after start:

Creating optimization plots (2 of each)
Optimizing the chosen parameters in a certain order for each cell for the
configured number of iterations (‘optimization runs’)
Logging the progress in the Message window
Optimization progress is visualized:

– Open Optimization Progress Chart by clicking
Network status can be analyzed at any time during optimization:

– Analyse the automatic optimization plots in the Layers tab
– Update optimization plots by clicking
Optimization can be stopped at any time by clicking

– Process is stopped in a controlled manner
– Intermediate results are available
– Resulting network is always improved

Optimization Progress Chart (UMTS)
Covered Area and Covered Traffic in [%] of the Analysis Area (AA) are
displayed for Pilot RSCP and Pilot Ec/Io
– over the steps of the

or, alternatively,
– over the cost or effort

accumulated over all
optimization changes
Optimization Results


Optimization Results Analysis
Means for Optimization Results Analysis:

– Automatic Optimization plots: „…(Begin Opt.)“ and „…(End Opt.)“
Plot functions for statistical analysis, e.g.
Histogram, Clutter Statistics, Cell Statistics
– Results dialog
Optimization Summary Report
Change plots incl. statistical analysis
Change list, Work order
Submit New Values Æ KPI Analysis plugins
Before vs. After Plot Analysis
Automatic Optimization plots:

– all of them available twice:
before and after optimization by „…(Begin Opt.)“ and „…(End Opt.)“, resp.
Graphical comparison
– switch between plots (consecutive double-clicks on layer items)
– Layer Slide Show by clicking
Calculative comparison
– using “Coincide with other Layer...” from a Layer’s context menu
Statistical evaluation of improvement
– e.g. by creating histogram from difference plot

Example: Pilot Ec/Io Plots (1)
Pair of plots for the status before and after optimization
after
before
Create a Difference plot

Call function
at first layer
Select
second layer
Choose
‘DIFFERENCE’ as
combination
function

Derive statistics of improvements
Ec/Io improvement: mean and standard deviation

Optimization Results Dialog (1-UMTS)
is automatically opened when the optimization is finished

– lists all cells and selected parameters and highlights the changes
Graphical visualization Save the Changes can be individually NOTE: “Antenna Height”
of changes and Summary Change list or accepted or denied. Certain = Site Altitude
+ Antenna Height !
improvements Report a Work Order Grid fields can be edited.
Optimization Results Dialog (2-UMTS)
Interactively select an intermediate result from the Progress Chart

Show in Results Dialog... sets the table to
the selected intermediate result
Launch Optimization Progress chart

to pick an intermediate result
Optimization Results Dialog (3)
While the dialog is open, optimization results can be written to the

database for evaluation of alternatives:
– Optimization result: final or intermediate (by Progress Chart interaction)
– individual modifications of the WiNeS optimization result
(e.g. by editing the grid contents to reject 1r mechanical tilt change)
– restore the original values
‘Close Dialog’ then provides several options:

– Submit New Values: i.e. the values in the grid (may be user-edited)
– Restore Original Values: i.e. non-optimized
– Close: i.e. leave database unchanged (may have been changed before by the user
through the dialog buttons)
Optimization Summary Report (UMTS)
Optimization settings overview
Cost control statistics:

– accumulated cost and effort
Number of changed sites and cells

– for each cell parameter
Limitations by Cell Optimization Capabilities
Performance statistics for Simulation area, Analysis

area, and optionally per Clutter class area on:
– Pilot RSCP Covered Area, Covered Traffic
– Pilot Ec/Io Covered Area, Covered Traffic
– Overlapping Cells

How to perform
GSM Capacity and Coverage Optimization?
(Introductory example for a single Network Layer)
Topics:
Step-by-Step – GSM specifics (in contrast to UMTS)

The GSM Capacity and Coverage Optimization – like for UMTS:
– reconfigures cell parameters (antenna type, tilt, azimuth, pilot power)
– to maximize coverage and minimize interference of the existing network
configuration at minimum cost
Minimum Interference allows for more capacity by frequency-retune
GSM vs. UMTS Optimization
Main differences:
UMTS GSM
RF measures for coverage Pilot RSCP RxLev_DL (of the BCCH carrier)
evaluation Pilot Ec/Io C/I (co-channel intereference on BCCH carrier
Measure for interference Relative Load per Cell (Ec/Io) Cell Overlap Ratio per Cell
minimization (considered as a single-frequency network!)
Power optimization Pilot power BCCH carrier power
Commonalities include:
– Optimization principles and workflow
– Cell and site optimization capabilities
– Clutter-specific offsets to coverage target thresholds
– Cost control through RPI as well as cost & effort configuration
– Optimization results presentation and analysis
Optimization Capabilities in the Project
for GSM Capacity and Coverage Optimization


Network Layer and Active Cells (GSM)
The optimization will be executed for:

– the active cells
– of the selected Network Layer
There are 2 Active flags:

– Cell Active flag
– Transmitter
(„Subcell“)
Active flag
Optimization Capabilities (GSM)
Similar to UMTS Capacity and Coverage Optimization:

– Areas Definition
– Clutter-Specific Coverage Targets
– Antenna Families for electrical tilt optimization
– Groups of Alternative Antennas for antenna type optimization
– Site constraints on antenna changes
– Cell constraints on antenna changes

Clutter-Specific Coverage Targets (GSM)
Clutter-specific RxLev_DL power target thresholds:

– account for shadowing margins and indoor penetration
– used to determine RxLev_DL Covered Area and Covered Traffic
For example:
– highest: Dense Urban -75 dBm = -90 dBm + 15 dB „pathloss offset“
– Urban -80 dBm = -90 dBm + 10 dB
– Suburban -85 dBm = -90 dBm + 5 dB
– lowest: Rural, open areas -90 dBm = -90 dBm = reference threshold
Optimization Clutter
Æ Analysis Classes
Settings Æ Settings
GSM Cell Settings (1-Resources)
Cell Output Power
Min. RxPower Threshold [dBm]

for Serving Cell Calculation
– The minimum DL received power
required for being served by this cell
– e.g. for concentric cells
– If no value is specified, the Min.

DL RxPower (Coverage cutoff)
from the Configuration Data Plot
dialog is applied

GSM Cell Settings (2-Transmitters)
List of Transmitters (Tx)

– Type:
BCCH (always the one with index 0)
TCHs starting with index 1
– Active flag:
If the BCCH flag is OFF, the cell is
considered as Transmitter-Inactive
– TCH List:
Channel number of the carrier
frequency assigned to this Tx
only one number for BCCH
possibly a list of numbers for TCHs
in case of frequency hopping
Problem Analysis


Analysis Settings (1-GSM)
have to be defined for the Analysis Plots
Calculation Pixel Size

– recommended: 25m … 50m … 100m (depending on average site distance,
area size, optimization run-time, and RAM constraints)
– not smaller than pathloss matrix resolution
RxLev_DL and C/I targets
– to be set according to planning
guidelines
– clutter-specific offsets are added
– C/I:
BCCH carriers co-channel interference
based on the frequency plan

Cell Overlap Margin

– to be set according to reporting guidelines
Best Cell Overlap Evaluation Method

– over all Frequency Bands:
All cells received within the Overlap
Margin are counted as overlapping
– irrespective of their frequency band.
or
– per Frequency Band:
Only cells currently belonging to
network layers with the same frequency
band are counted as overlapping
Margin for Relevant Cell Plot

– Optimization Æ ... Analysis Plots Æ Best Cell Areas Æ Relevant Cells
identifies all cells that are received within this margin below the best serving cell at
any pixel inside of the Analysis Area
– useful to determine the necessary Simulation Area size
Traffic and Area Masking

– Consider Traffic Distribution
if traffic map available
– Areas with zero traffic density can be
excluded from optimization
– Optimization can also be performed for:
initially covered area only
Analysis Area only

For determining the number of required logical channels per cell:

(in the Optimization Summary Report)
Target Grade of Service

– Only if Consider Traffic Distribution is enabled:
The target Erlang B blocking probability
that is used for the calculation of the
number of logical traffic channels (TCH)
required to serve the traffic assigned to
the cell.
Then, the Optimization Summary Report

contains the number of logical channels
required before and after optimization.
For GSM multi-band configurations and Hierarchical Cell Structures (HCS):
Consider Min. RxPower Threshold for Traffic Assignment

– If enabled and Consider Traffic Distribution is enabled:
Best serving cells are determined based on
their Min. RxPower Thresholds and
traffic is assigned to the cells accordingly.
Namely, traffic is only assigned to a cell,

if the cell’s RxLev_DL at the traffic pixel
exceeds that cell’s Min. RxPower Threshold.
Moreover, in case of multiple cells with

a RxLev_DL high enough, the traffic is
assigned to the cell with the highest Min.
RxPower Threshold – even if that cell
provides a lower RxLev_DL than other cells.

Cells Located in Analysis Area

– all active cells within the Analysis Area.
– reconfiguration is hard-limited to Analysis Area
Best Cells in Analysis Area
– all "Cells Located in Analysis Area" plus all active cells
– that are the best server at least at one pixel
in the Analysis Area
Analysis Area and surrounding cells
with significant impact
Cells Within Margin in Analysis Area
– all "Best Cells in Analysis Area" plus
all active cells that are received within
a Margin below the best server at least
at one pixel in the Analysis Area.
– The Margin [dB] is configurable below.
Analysis Area and more surrounding
cells with possible impact
Analysis Plots (GSM)
Optimization Layers:
– created from Optimization menu – listed in Layers tab
– indicated by icon


Optimizer Configuration (GSM)
To a great extent similar to

UMTS Capacity and Coverage Optimization:
– ‚Run Optimization‘ Wizard
– Template Selection
– Multi-Layer Optimization
– Overshooting Cell Compensation
– Cost Control Settings
– Configuration Summary
– Saved optimization settings

– Optimization Task Selection (GSM)

mizer
Settings
Plot Options
Next
Wizard
Optimizer Settings (1-GSM)
Select optimizable parameters

Required Performance
Improvement (RPI)
= minimum required benefit to
accept the parameter change;
Recommendation:
– 2% ... 10% for expensive changes
(e.g. antenna type, azimuth,
mechanical tilt)
– 0% ... 1% for less expensive changes
(e.g. electrical tilt, [Output power])
Select optimization range around initial value,
i.e. search window per ‘run’
– see next slide for details

“Business Rules” contain

additional options:
Check Minimum Azimuth

Separation
– No azimuth change must violate
the configured min. separation
from its adjacent sectors.
– To consider GSM cell capacity
– No reconfiguration must increase
the number of users at any cell
above the Max. Users per Cell
threshold defined in that cell.
Coverage targets and constraints:

to be applied to:
– Analysis area
– Simulation area
– each clutter class area,
if ‘Use Clutter...’ is enabled
If clutter classes are very much
fragmented ‘Merge ...’ should be applied.
covered traffic (i.e. traffic values)
(similar to above)

Trade-off between optimization

towards coverage (RxLev_DL) and
interference (Overlap) :
Left: maximize RxLev_DL coverage only
Inside Left: prefer RxLev_DL coverage,
no overlap degradation
Inside Right: prefer overlap,
no RxLev_DL degradation
Right: minimize overlap only
Coverage objective:
consider Coverage in terms of:
Area or Traffic or both
Max. Number of optimization runs
Iterative method: 3 or 2 recommended

– Settings for Target Layers (GSM)
mainly include the Optimization

Analysis Settings
review and adjust, if required
Use Additional Electrical DownTilt (AEDT)

Approximation: Next
– just for special case of no antenna families are available Wizard
Page


Optimization Process (GSM)
– Optimization Start, Automatic actions

– Optimization Process
– Optimization Progress Chart

Optimization Progress Chart (GSM)
Covered Area and Covered Traffic in [%] of the Analysis Area (AA) are
displayed for RxLev_DL and C/I
– over the steps of the

or, alternatively,
– over the cost or effort

accumulated over all
optimization changes
Optimization Results


Optimization Results Analysis
– Before vs. After Plot Analysis

– Optimization Results Dialog
– Optimization Summary Report
– RxLev_DL is reported for coverage

– C/I and Best Cell Overlap are reported for interference

Planning Radio
DB Network
Radioplan ACP
How to perform
Site Integration Optimization?
(Example for a single UMTS Network Layer)

Topics:
Step-by-Step – Site Integration specifics for a UMTS example
(in contrast to Capacity and Coverage Optimization)

The Site Integration Optimizer:
– is a Capacity and Coverage Optimizer that is tailored to the straightforward
optimization of an existing network where new sites are to be integrated
– can optimize the initial cell configurations of the new sites and adapt the
configuration of surrounding existing sites with different cost constraints
Optimization Capabilities
Specifics of the Site Integration Optimization

compared to UMTS Capacity and Coverage Optimization:
– Areas definition:
The Analysis Area must include all sites to be integrated
and may also include some surrounding sites.
The Simulation Area shall include a reasonable buffer zone.
– Cell settings and constraints:
The reconfigurable cells are determined internally and may also be outside of
the Analysis Area.
The new sites to be integrated should not have a very strong downtilt already
before optimization.
– Site settings:
To consider cost of changes: set Rollout Status to „Existent“.
To ignore cost of changes: set Rollout Status „Not Existent“ or „Planned…“.
Problem Analysis
Specifics of the Site Integration Optimization

compared to UMTS Capacity and Coverage Optimization:
– Reconfigurable Cell Selection

internally determined
– It is still recommended to analyze the initial status of the targeted

performance criteria in the Analysis Area

– Optimization Task Selection (UMTS)

mizer
Settings
Plot Options
Next
Wizard

– Site Integration

Æ Configure Optimizer…
Cost of changes will be ignored for:

– all sites set as To Be Integrated,
irrespective of their Rollout Status,
and
– all sites with Rollout Status:
Not Existent
Planned Next
Wizard
Page

– Cost Control Settings (UMTS)
Consider config. Rollout Status of Sites

must be enabled
for Site Integration optimization:
– in order to consider cost of changes
only for sites with Rollout Status „Existent“,
which are not To Be Integrated
Next
Wizard
Page

Optimization Exercise
UMTS Capacity and Coverage optimization of the same project

with different targets and constraints
EXERCISE: Optimization Scenarios

Start with identical projects – except the following settings:
RSCP vs. Ec/Io Tilt (mech., el., remote el.) Azimuth

1 yes yes
RPI: 2%, 0.2%, 0.01% RPI: 5%
2 yes no
RSCP RPI: 2%, 0.2%, 0.01%
3 Preferred yes yes
RPI: 0.01%, 0.01%, 0.01% RPI: 0.01%
4 yes no
RPI: 0.01%, 0.01%, 0.01%
5 yes yes
Ec/Io Preferred
RPI: 2%, 0.2%, 0.01% RPI: 5%
Actix Confidential A2
EXERCISE: Optimization Results Overview
Compare the identical original KPIs with the KPIs from the optimization results
Æ Which scenario result is the best?
Pilot RSCP Ec/Io Mean „Best Pilot Pollution # Cell # Cell
Covered Covered Pilot Ec/Io” Area [%] changes: changes:
Area / Area / [dB] (Best Cell el. Tilt (RET) / Azim.
Traffic Traffic Overlap >= 4) mech. Tilt /
[%] [%] total
Analysis Area (AA) Simulation Area (SA)
Orig.
1
2
3
4
5
EXERCISE: Performance Improvem. vs. Costs
Performance Improvements imply Costs for the implementation of the
UTRAN design changes.
The Radioplan optimization result is a Trade-off between both:
maximum
Parameter large Performance medium
space: Improvement
number of
parameters small lowest
& their ranges medium Costs for
Implementation
low high
RPI values
Cost Control: Control the Number of Changes

Cell Optimization Capabilities Before optimization: optional: individually
cell-specific limitations to Parameters selected for optimization select the changes
the changeability of parameters Required Performance Improvement (RPI) to be exported to the
and their possible planning tool and the
optional: Cost and Effort Limits live network
reconfiguration ranges
After optimization:
optional: interactively select intermediate
result from Optimization Progress Chart
optional: Individually reject or restrict
proposed changes
Planning Data Init. Anal. by Planning Data Network Feedback Results to Validation by
Project Review Measurem. or Measurements Live Network Measurem. or
Simulations Simulations
EXERCISE: The optimal UTRAN design?
There is not ‘one optimum’ for everything!

The optimum depends on:
• targets
• constraints
You set targets and constraints.
Hence, you control the optimum ! -
Planning Radio
DB Network
planning live
planning data data measurements network
changes changes
Radioplan Network Optimization Process
Export for Planning Tool Project Update

after Radioplan Network Optimization
Radioplan optimization suggests changes to planning data

Select the appropriate project in the planning tool (!)
Data Possibly Modified by Network Optimization
New Transmitter and Cell parameters:
active state
antenna type/pattern (electrical tilt)
antenna azimuth
antenna mechanical tilt
pilot, cell power
[Tuned pathloss data]
Radioplan ACP
Atoll-Radioplan Data Export
Reconfigured Network Layout via COM/COM+ Radioplan

(Transmitter & Cell properties) ASM ACP
(“WiNeS”)
Atoll
via shared file system Tuned
Pathloss.dbf and corresponding .los files
Pathloss Matrices

Connect Radioplan to Atoll
If the menu entry ‘Disconnect (...)’ is shown, then Radioplan and Atoll
are still connected.
otherwise
In Radioplan: Before Export, Connect Atoll
Export new Network Configuration to Atoll (1)

How to export from Radioplan:
• Open the project to be updated in Atoll (in the foreground !)
• Select one active Network Layer for the data export
• Select Export Æ Update Atoll Project... in Radioplan

Export new Network Configuration to Atoll (2)
Active Atoll project to be modified
Active Atoll
project
changed
Æ then, the
changes still
need to be
saved in
Atoll
List only the For each Update flag Atoll value WiNeS value
changed cells parameter:
Tune Atoll Predictions (1)

Changes to the pathloss predictions through Radioplan Pathloss
Tuning can be transferred to the original Atoll predictions.
Requirements:
The Atoll pathloss maps must be saved in a directory (\.losses),
i.e. they must not be embedded in the Atoll project.
The Atoll prediction files must be located in a directory accessible to
Radioplan.
The prediction files to be tuned must not be locked by any open Atoll project.
Workflow Requirement:
Tune Atoll Predictions after the Export of a new Network Configuration to Atoll
Reason: The Export of a new Network Configuration to Atoll invalidates the
corresponding Atoll predictions and thus lets Atoll overwrite the tuned predictions from
Radioplan by recalculated (untuned) Atoll predictions!

Tune Atoll Predictions (2)
The selected Atoll predictions for

the corresponding Atoll transmitters
are changed to the status of the
tuned Radioplan pathloss matrices.

HSDPA Optimization
UMTS Capacity and Coverage optimization is extended by

additional HSDPA targets and constraints
HSDPA Main Characteristics

Set of new UTRAN transport and physical channels – incl.
High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH)
• shared channel – in addition to Release’99/DCH channels
• allows for additional code multiplexing of user transmissions
• no soft handover
High-Speed Multi-User Packet Scheduling
• introduces time multiplexing of user transmissions
• RRM runs on 2 ms subframes
• cross-layer RRM algorithms
Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) / Hybrid ARQ
• Data rate quickly adapted to radio link quality
• PHY becomes part of RRM
• PHY needs variety of link level information

HSDPA Optimization
Problem:
• HSDPA creates significant additional interference
• Dependent on HSDPA power mode
• Conventional UMTS capacity and coverage must be considered
Degrees of freedom:
• As part of the UMTS capacity and coverage optimization
the following cell parameters may be changed:
– antenna type
– antenna tilt
– antenna azimuth
– [pilot power]
Main challenge:
• Additionally optimize the HSDPA performance
• Specific performance criteria
HSDPA Optimization Objective
During UMTS capacity and coverage optimization:
Additional constraint before accepting any parameter change:

• HSDPA Coverage must not be reduced at any step
HSDPA Coverage:
• area percentage with CQI > n,
where n is configurable (corresponding to the target data rate)
• applies to Analysis Area and Simulation Area
Channel Quality Indicator (CQI)

• derived from Pilot SIR
• determines HSDPA data rate available for a user

HSDPA Power Modes (1)
PCPICH Offset
• fixed HSDPA power stock
on top of all common channels
• PHSDPA [dBm]
= PPCPICH [dBm] + PCPICHOffset [dB]
Ptx = cell transmit power
HSDPA Power Modes (2)

Residue
• residue power, not used for DCH,
used as dynamic HSDPA power stock;
dependent on DCH load
• Residue limited to:
Pmax,cell [dBm]
= Pcell [dBm] – Residue [dB]
Ptx = cell’s transmit power

HSDPA Power Mode “PCPICH Offset”
Ptx
Pmax, cell
DCH
HS-PDSCH
CCHs + n · HS-SCCH
PCPICH
t
fixed power stock for HSDPA and power priority for HSDPA
HSDPA Power Mode “Residue”

Ptx
Pmax, cell
Pthr, HSDPA
HS-PDSCH
DCH
CCHs + n · HS-SCCH
PCPICH
t
variable power stock for HSDPA and power priority for Release’99 / DCH
with HSDPA
Optimization Problem Optimizer Optimization Optimization

capabilities analysis configuration process í incl. results analysis
configuration in the progress indication, and reporting
Radioplan project automatic plots
Conventional Optim. Capabilities/Constraints

Like for Capacity and Coverage Optimization:
• Clutter-specific offsets to the RSCP and Ec/Io thresholds

• Antenna families
• Groups of alternative antennas
• Reconfigurable sites
• Individual cell constraints

HSDPA Cell Settings (1)
Activate the HSDPA per cell
HS-PDSCH Power Mode
• Select ‘PCPICH Offset’ or ‘Residue’
• Configure the power stock size
HS-SCCH
• Configure number and power
• PHS-SCCH [dBm]
= PPCPICH [dBm] + 'PCPICHHS-SCCH [dB]
is allocated like other CCHs
HSDPA Cell Settings (2)

Configure all cells at once in the Cell Settings Overview dialog

Problem Analysis
with HSDPA

HSDPA Optimization Settings

Enable HSDPA (HSDPA must also be activated in the cells!)
scale the HSDPA load: Activity Factor [0..1]

CQI definition: Min. PCPICH SIR for CQI 1;
e.g. if 8.5dB Æ CQI 1,
then: 9.5dB Æ CQI 2, ... , 37.5dB Æ CQI 30
HSDPA Coverage definition: required Min. CQI
For SIR calculation: Intracell Interference Factor
accounts for limited orthogonality of the
DL signals on the same scrambling code
Target HSDPA Coverage:
Min. HSDPA Covered Area [%]
Min. HSDPA Covered Traffic [%]

with HSDPA

‘Run Optimization’ Wizard: 1st Page

HSDPA specifics: also activate CQI as automatic plot
Next
Wizard
Page

‘Run Optimization’ Wizard: 3rd Page (UMTS)
HSDPA specifics: like in the Analysis Settings
Next
Wizard
Page
with HSDPA refer to: UMTS Capacity and Coverage Optimization


Optimization Results Analysis & Reporting
with HSDPA

Means for Optimization Result Analysis

Like for Capacity and Coverage Optimization
plus:
• Optimization Summary Report

– CQI Mean and Coverage (HSDPA)
– CQI Distribution (HSDPA)
• Automatic Optimization Plots
– CQI

Multi-Layer Optimization
The Capacity and Coverage Optimization can be performed

with cross-layer dependencies as additional constraints
Multi-Layer Optimization Objective
During UMTS or GSM capacity and coverage optimization:
Multi-band or multi-technology antennas as additional constraints:

• Shared antenna parameters can only be modified in all network layers
together
• In case of locked azimuth relations, the azimuth can only be modified at all
cells and in all network layers together
A change in one Target network layer must not deteriorate the

performance in another Target layer or in any Constraint layer

Multi-Layer Optimization Scenarios Examples
GSM Multi-Band Optimization
• GSM layers with different frequency bands as Target layers, if their
combined coverage shall be considered
• GSM layers separated into Target and Constraint layers, where coverage
shall be considered independently
UMTS Multi-Carrier Optimization

• UMTS layers with 2 different carrier frequencies separated into Target and
Constraint layers
GSM-UMTS Multi-Technology Optimization

• UMTS layers with 1 carrier frequency as Target layers and
GSM layers as Constraint layers (or vice versa)
Merge Projects (1)

Network data from different sources can be merged in Radioplan, e.g.:
the Planning Tool does not support Multi-Technology Projects
Æ for multi-technology optimization (due to shared antennas)
network data from different locations or spheres of responsibility
Æ across borders of different regions
Proceed as follows:
import each technology-specific project from the planning tool into Radioplan
then, one Radioplan project can be merged as an addition into another
Radioplan project
The Simulation Area of the destination project is used as a spatial filter.
Before merging, in the Radioplan project to be merged as extension:

activate the cells to be merged

Merge Projects (2)
Example: merge a GSM project into a UMTS project:
• open the UMTS project
• from the open project,
call Merge Projects...
Merge Projects (3)
Review:
• Network layers
• Cells with Shared antenna parameters
must be at the same site
– Note: cell item colors
depend on the technology

for Multi-Layer Optimization
• e.g. UMTS target layer with GSM constraint layer

Shared Antenna Properties in Site Settings

For antenna installations with locked azimuth relations:
Activate ‘Lock Angle between
Cells during Azimuth
Optimization‘
Then, the antenna azimuth of any
cell at this site can only be
changed for all cells together
(without changing the azimuth
relations between the cells)

Shared Antenna Properties in Cell Settings (1)
For multi-band and multi-technology antennas:
Activate ’Shared’
at all affected cells
for the antenna parameters that can
only be changed for all cells together,
which share the configured antenna
at the cell’s site
Shared Antenna Properties in Cell Settings (2)

Configure several cells at once in the cross-technology
Cell Optimization Settings Overview dialog

Effectively Shared Parameters
Requirements on the cells:
• at the same site
• same Position {Offset X; Offset Y; Height over Ground}
Requirements on the cell parameters at the respective cells:
• same current value
• Reconfigurable
• Shared
Non-effective Shared flag settings are indicated in the Message log

during the initialization of the Optimization, e.g.:
WARNING: Cell ABC is mechanical tilt shared but don't have
any mechanical tilt dependencies!
Problem Analysis


Network Layer
Select the Target Network Layer(s):
• from drop-down menu
or
• by ‘Manage Network Layers’

icon and enabling/disabling
the layer(s)
The Constraint Network Layer(s):

• will be selected later in the ‘Run Optimization‘ Wizard


‘Run Optimization’ Wizard: 2nd Page
without Constraint Network Layers: just click ‘Next‘
Activate ’Consider
Constraints by
Shared Antenna
Parameters’
and
Select the Constraint

Layers
Next
Wizard
Page
‘Run Optimization’ Wizard: 4th Page

Additional Page for Constraint Layer Settings, e.g. GSM:
Additional constraints to changes of Shared antenna
parameters in a Target network layer include:
RxLev_DL (or Pilot RSCP) Covered Area and
Covered Traffic
C/I (or Pilot Ec/Io) Covered Area and Covered
Traffic
Last
Wizard
Page





Like for Capacity and Coverage Optimization,
but:
• Optimization Summary Report contains:

– overall results
– Target layer results
– Constraint layer results

Site Selection Optimization
Add the optimal sites from groups of alternative candidates to

achieve maximum coverage and capacity – including optimized
initial cell configurations
Automatically remove sites or cells not required to meet
specified coverage and capacity objectives
Reconfigure cell parameters to maximize coverage and capacity
of the new site configuration

Network setup (sites, cells,
antennas, parameters)
optional: map)
optional: Traffic distribution
optional: Opt. constraints
Site Selection
Several tasks combined in a single optimization algorithm
Site Candidate Groups

(may be different
antenna heights)
Optimize Site Candidates
Remove Redundant Sites
Remove Redundant Cells
Capacity and Coverage
Site Selection: ‘Remove Redundant Sites/Cells’

Problem:
• From the network setup with defined removable sites or cells remove
redundant sites or cells
Degrees of freedom:
• Removable sites or cells may be switched off
• Also the cell parameters may be changed
– antenna type, antenna tilt, antenna azimuth [,pilot or cell power]
Main challenge:
• Find the least number of sites with optimal cell parameters required to
meet pre-defined coverage and capacity objectives
• Consider the load to be carried by the remaining sites
• Save time through automated solution

Site Selection: ‘Site Candidate Groups’
Problem:
• Add a new fill site from each group of candidates
• Evaluate different antenna heights for the same site
Degrees of freedom:
• One or more site candidate groups
• In each group any single candidate may be selected
• In case of ‘Alternative Antenna Heights Only’:
– groups are automatically detected based on same site positions
• Also the cell parameters may be changed
– antenna type, antenna tilt, antenna azimuth [,pilot or cell power]
Main challenge:
• Find the sites and the initial cell configurations that
maximize capacity and coverage
• Interdependencies between groups
• Save time through automated solution
for Site Selection


Removable Sites (and Cells)
Rollout Status determines

priority for Remove
Redundant Sites task:
• ‘Not Existent’ site removal
is evaluated at first, then
• ‘Planned for Acquisition’,
and
• ‘Existent’ at last
Site Candidate Group
Assign the candidate to a

Site Candidate Group

Site Parameters
Configure all sites at once in Overview Dialog
Further Optimization Capabilities/Constraints

Like for Capacity and Coverage Optimization:
• Clutter-specific offsets
to the UMTS Pilot RSCP and Ec/Io thresholds
or to the GSM BCCH carrier RxLev_DL and C/I thresholds
• Antenna families
• Groups of alternative antennas
• Reconfigurable sites
• Individual cell constraints

Problem Analysis
for Site Selection

Problem Analysis for Site Selection

(basically refer to:
Capacity and Coverage Optimization)
Note:
Site or cell removals can never increase
the UMTS Pilot RSCP Coverage or GSM BCCH carrier RxLev_DL
Coverage !

for Site Selection

‘Run Optimization’ Wizard: 1st Page

guides through the optimizer configuration – example for UMTS target layers
Select Optimizer
Æ Configure
Optimizer
Settings
Select
Automatic Plots and
Plot Options
Next
Wizard
Page

Coverage targets,
constraints:
for RSCP and Ec/Io:
• of Analysis area
• of Simulation area
• of each clutter class area,
if Use Clutter... enabled
If clutter classes are very
much fragmented ‘Merge ...’
should be applied.
Coverage objective: Target percentages for the
Coverage in terms of: Area or Traffic or both covered area and the
Max. # optimization runs: 3 recommended covered traffic with respect to
Optimization stops automatically if no site candidate group RSCP and Ec/Io
is changed anymore and if no sites can be removed anymore.

Select the Optimization
Tasks
Further constraints:
Avoid ...: Keep potential coverage gaps small and evenly distributed across the area
Check Cell Load: No change must increase any cell’s load above its Maximum Output Power.
Check Maximum User per Cell: No change must increase the number of users at any cell above the
threshold defined in each cell.
Show Extended Summary Statistics: Report additional information in the Summary Report
Select reconfigurable cell
parameters
Select optimization range for
a single ‘run’
Min. required improvement
for parameter change; low
RPIs for all parameters
recommended
Azimuth separation
see also:Æ Capacity and

Coverage Optimizer Settings
All constraints should be relaxed as much as possible in order to allow the maximum
flexibility for selecting the optimal sites
‘Run Optimization’ Wizard: last Page

Cost Control: optional limitation in addition to inherent cost control by RPI values
Total cost / time effort limit
Consider configured Rollout Status of Sites
• if enabled for Site Selection / Remove Redundant
Sites or Cells task: sites with Rollout Status “Not
Existent” are evaluated at first, then “Planned for
Acquisition”, and finally “Existent”
Cost / time effort for each parameter change
Fixed site visit cost / time effort
If disabled, the RPI [%] values in the Optimizer

Settings still consider the costs and benefits of
changes.
Even if disabled:
still useful for reporting the total cost and effort
Starts the
optimization

Further ‘Run Optimization’ Wizard Pages
(refer to:
Capacity and Coverage Optimization)
Note:
The optional cost and effort limitation applies only to the cell parameter
changes as part of the site selection tasks.
for Site Selection
• refer to: Capacity and Coverage Optimization


for Site Selection


Like for Capacity and Coverage Optimization
plus:
• Results dialog
– Cells’ Active States
• Optimization Summary Report
– Site Selection Summary
– Lists of removed sites and cells

Traffic Matrix Generation
Create a traffic matrix from cell counters

User is guided through a 3-page wizard
Traffic Requirements for Radioplan Optimization
Prioritize areas for optimization

• relative spatial traffic distribution from Traffic Matrices
• absolute traffic values from Traffic Matrices
Check Cell Load (Site Selection only)
Consider Cell Dependent RxLev_DL Threshold for Traffic Assignment
(GSM only)

Traffic Matrix Unit in Radioplan
A Traffic Matrix in the Configuration tab always represents
a spatial density: <anything>/km2
• Still the Traffic Matrix plot always indicates: “Erl/km2“
However, the actually effective unit is determined by the
Service Profile, e.g.
• Speech, circuit-switched: Erl/km2
• Atoll-compatible service profiles: users/km2
• any except Atoll-compatible service profiles: simultaneously active users/km2
• Generic Service: <anything>/km2
Project Data in Radioplan (6-a)

UE Profile – refers to:
• an Equipment Profile
(except HSDPA flag not relevant for optimization)
• a Mobility Profile
(not relevant for optimization)
• a Service Profile
– A Traffic Matrix is only considered if its
Service Profile is referenced by an
active UE Profile.
• Network Layer
– one specific or
– ’ALL’: traffic is shared
out equally among all
layers in the project
• Service Portion
– for scaling
• (other settings not relevant for optimization)

User Settings Relevant for Optimization
Equipment Profile
• Equipment Supports HSDPA
Mobility Profile
• no relevant settings
Service Profile
• Traffic Model, Uplink and Downlink Maximum Bitrate
• Eb/No Initial Target UL and DL
• Service Activity settings for each Traffic Model
UE Profile
• Service Portion
• Equipment Profile, Mobility Profile, Service Profile, Network Layer
Traffic Matrix Generation
Use live network data (cell counters) as input
Distribute the cell counter traffic values to the cells’ serving areas
• Apply clutter weights
• Cell serving areas either based on predictions from planning tool or
based on predictions tuned in Radioplan by drive test measurements
• Pilot RSCP cut-off threshold for serving area

Prerequisite and Start of the Wizard
Before starting the Traffic Matrix Generation Wizard:
• Select the Network Layer(s)
• A Radioplan Service Profile must be defined
as part of the User configuration, which the
generated traffic matrix shall be attached to.
(see also slide “Project Data in Radioplan (6-a)”)
• optional: A Surface Plot (Raster Layer)
to be used for traffic weighting must be
generated in advance in the Layers tab.
Then the Wizard can be opened by selecting

Tools Æ Traffic Matrix Generation
from the main menu
Traffic Matrix Generation Wizard – Page 1

Traffic data import
• Load a file (*.csv, *.txt, or *.dat)
with the cell names in column 1 and
the traffic values in column 2
or
• Paste 2-column data into the grid
Traffic distribution and
Handling of cells without traffic value:
• Spread Traffic to active cells only, i.e.
to cells with a traffic value:
Æ cell serving areas are calculated without the cells
that are not listed
• Consider missing cells:
Æ serving areas of cells without traffic value are
considered and, thus, will have zero traffic
Check Input Data !
Aerial weighting
• by clutter-specific weights
using the Clutter Matrix
(customizable in the corresponding *.ini file)
and/or
• by any Radioplan Raster Layer,

which has to be generated in the
Layers tab before starting the Wizard
Define Matrix Resolution

optional: Pilot RSCP cut-off threshold
for cell serving areas
• No traffic is spread to areas with a
best pilot RSCP below that value.
optional: Scaling factor
Select Service Profile to which the
generated traffic matrix shall be
attached to
optional: Automatically plot the matrix
after its generation

RadioplanACP 3 (1) .9 TrainingMaterial AssetIntegration UMTSFocus

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Automatic Network Optimization

using the Radioplan ACP Tool

In the opened application:

Radioplan software manuals as PDF documents:

If you do not have a MyActix account yet, please:

Tutorial including Presentation and Instruction Slides slide #

 How do you optimize your network…? 5

 Radioplan ACP Approach 7

 Radio Network Optimization Workflow Overview 25

 Planning Data Import and Project Review 26

 Radioplan Tool Introduction 41

 Measurements Import for Planning Data Validation 77

(turn over, please)

 UMTS Capacity and Coverage Optimization 137

 GSM Capacity and Coverage Optimization 189

 Site Integration 221

 Export for Atoll Project Update A9

 HSDPA Optimization A19

(turn over, please)

o Optimization Capabilities Configuration in the Radioplan Project A45

 Site Selection A59

 Traffic Matrix Generation A81

Course Title Automatic Network Optimization,

Target Audience Radioplan ACP Beginners (≤ 10);

Required Experience in:

Course Targets After this course the participant

Actix, 2008 Page 1 of 2

A typical training example can be characterized as follows:

Actix, 2008 Page 2 of 2

 Participants’ Professional Background & Expectations

 Target Audience & Required Knowledge

Copyright © Actix 2008. Commercial in confidence. 2

 Automatic Network Optimisation, Atoll Integration &

– Understand concepts of Radioplan ACP optimisation and pathloss

– Cover the entire workflow from the planned network setup

– Optimise the radio network through cell parameter reconfiguration

Copyright © Actix 2008. Commercial in confidence. 3

Target Audience & Required Knowledge

 Radio network planning and optimisation engineers

 Additional useful experience:

Copyright © Actix 2008. Commercial in confidence. 4

How do you optimize your network?

Copyright © Actix 2008. Commercial in confidence. 5

How do you optimise your network?

 Trigger for optimisation:

 Method, Actions, Strategy:

What are the Concepts of

(Introduction for UMTS Capacity and Coverage

Copyright © Actix 2008. Commercial in confidence. 7

UMTS Capacity and Coverage Optimization

 Problem: extreme complexity

 Evaluated optimization algorithms

 Selected: Powell’s Direction Set algorithm

 Evaluate one parameter after the other:

result for Parameter 1

 combined with Heuristics: e.g. cells & parameters in order of relevance

 Coverage and capacity may be conflicting objectives

– or by less interference (Io)

 may cause more cell overlapping  achieved by less cell overlapping

 refer to RSCP vs. Ec/Io slider:

Coverage Objective Function

 What is considered as Coverage ?

 either: Covered Area only  or: Covered Traffic only

How do you optimize your network…? 5

Radioplan ACP Approach 7

Radio Network Optimization Workflow Overview 25

Planning Data Import and Project Review 26

Radioplan Tool Introduction 41

Measurements Import for Planning Data Validation 77

UMTS Capacity and Coverage Optimization 137

GSM Capacity and Coverage Optimization 189

Site Integration 221

Export for Atoll Project Update A9

HSDPA Optimization A19

Site Selection A59

Traffic Matrix Generation A81

Participants’ Professional Background & Expectations

Target Audience & Required Knowledge

Automatic Network Optimisation, Atoll Integration &

Radio network planning and optimisation engineers

Additional useful experience:

Trigger for optimisation:

Method, Actions, Strategy:

Problem: extreme complexity

Evaluated optimization algorithms

Selected: Powell’s Direction Set algorithm

Evaluate one parameter after the other:

combined with Heuristics: e.g. cells & parameters in order of relevance

Coverage and capacity may be conflicting objectives

may cause more cell overlapping achieved by less cell overlapping

refer to RSCP vs. Ec/Io slider:

What is considered as Coverage ?

either: Covered Area only or: Covered Traffic only

The traffic value of a pixel determines the significance of this part

Zero-traffic areas are completely ignored

traffic Balance traffic across cells

serving area size Adjust cell sizes

Create dominant serving cell signals:

Primary focus is on DL:

In case of UL load and cell resources limitations:

Minimum interference, but: Most balanced traffic load, but:

refer to Network Load slider:

Coverage and interference may be conflicting objectives

may cause more cell overlapping achieved by less cell overlapping

refer to RxLev_DL vs. Overlap slider:

The GSM network is considered as a single-frequency network!

Cell Overlap Æ minimize

File Æ Import Æ Asset Project…

Projection and Display coordinate systems

Projection coordinate system

Automatic import includes:

Tabbed tree window:

Network Layer – characterized by:

Configuration tab tree