The Government of India :

 It is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative,

executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union
territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the
capital of India.
 NOTE:
1. President - First Citizen of India
2. Governor - First Citizen of State
3. Deputy Commissioner - First citizen of District
4. Tahasildar - First Citizen of Taluk office.

 While framing the Indian constitution the Constituent Assembly was working
meticulously to frame a system of Governance in which the powers conferred by
the people won't be vested on a single person/institution. Hence they devised the
principle of 'Separation of powers' among the three pillars of democracy !
1. Executive
2. Legislature
3. Judiciary

1. Executive :

 Prime Minister along with his council of ministers is called the Temporary
Executives. They implement the policies framed by the legislature. They are
elected for every five years and hence called as Temporary Executives. These
executives are drawn from the legislature.
 Civil servants and other officers, staffs working under the government of India
is called the Permanent Executives. They are assigned the task of policy
implementation.
 Law abiders and rulers. Like The Prime Minister of India, as addressed in the
Constitution of India, is the chief of the government, chief adviser to the
President of India, head of the Council of Ministers and the leader of the
majority party in the parliament. The prime minister leads
the executive branch of the Government of India.

 Indian Government consists of the President of India, the Council of

Ministers, the Vice-President, the Union Ministries and the Independent
Executive Agencies. In the Executive - Indian Government, the President of the
nation is the head of the state. The Executive - Indian Government executes its
powers through the President, the main guardian of the Constitution of the
Republic and the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces.

 The President, in the system of Executive - Indian Government, has the capacity
to dissolve the Parliament, call fresh elections, declare emergency situation in
the state and also can dismiss the government of the states. However, the
President cannot act without the counsel of the Prime Minister. The president
 automatically becomes the Supreme Commander of the armed forces of India,
in the Executive Indian Government system.

 The Council of Ministers basically comprises three categories, namely, the

Cabinet Minister, the deputy ministers and the Minister of State (Independent
Charge). The Union Cabinet is headed by the Prime Minister of India, who is
also the real head of the nation, since all the powers reside in him.

 The major Independent Executive Agencies under the Indian Executive

Government are listed below:
1. Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
2. National Commission for Women
3. Central Information Commission
4. Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)
5. National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)
6. Election Commission of India
7. Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG)
8. Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI)
9. National Commission on Population
10. Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB)
11. Planning Commission - The premier agency
12.Union Public Service Commission (UPSC).

2. Legislature :

It is the policy making body of India. Each and every bill proposed by the
executive has to be initiated, discussed, reviewed, amended and voted upon in
the legislature. So ultimately it is the legislature that decides which bills should
be passed. The Executive can bypass the legislature through Ordinance. But the
validity of this ordinance is six months only and it has to be ratified by the
legislature.
3. Judiciary :
Judiciary is the adjudicating body.
Indian judiciary is an integrated and independent judiciary meaning Supreme
court is at the helm of the judiciary and all other courts comes below the
Supreme court and the Judiciary is independent of the executive and the
legislature.

Judiciary has the power to review any law passed by the Parliament and can
declare a law null and void if it violates the constitution.
Form of Governments:
1. Democracy:
Democracy, in modern usage, is a system of government in which the citizens exercise power
directly or elect representatives from among themselves to form a governing body, such as a
parliament.
2. Dictatorship:
Dictatorship is a system of government in which a country or a group of countries is ruled by
a single party or individual or by a polity and power is exercised through various
mechanisms to ensure that the entity's power remains strong.
3. Monarchy:
A monarchy is a form of government in which a group, generally a family representing a
dynasty, embodies the country's national identity and its head, the monarch, exercises the
role of sovereignty.
Sovereignty: Sovereignty is the full right and power of a governing body over itself,
without any interference from outside sources or bodies. In political theory, sovereignty is a
substantive term designating supreme authority over some polity.
What do you mean by India is a sovereign country?
Sovereign can be said “Supreme” on its own power. The word Sovereign implies that India is
neither a dependent or dominion of any other nation but an independent on its own.
There is no one above it, it is free to take decision for their own country , free to decide on
various global affairs. India can acquire a foreign territory being a Sovereign Country.