Excelet

Dilution

The art of adding solvent to lower solute concentration.

step 1:
FALSE
add solvent to fill to mark

with solvent added

moles solute initial step 2:

FALSE
needed parameters for calculation

Click on tabs to navigate!!!

e concentration.

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Dilution Calculation

Suppose you have 20 mL of 0.10 M NaCl and dilute it to 100mL, what is the final concentration?

molesi = molesf This MUST balance!!!

0 0

add the three known values

and start guessing Ci x Vi = Cf x Vf
to get the fourth value
and balance the moles!!!

correct answer - assuming Cf as unknown and doing a little algebra!

FALSE
answer

Think about this! How do the following parameters compare?

Ci to Cf answer
Vi to Vf answer

See the microscopic view tab for a microscopic picture of dilution.

click here

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Mixing Solutions
Let's mix equal volumes of two different solutions. MixFALSE
them ! When mixed are the initial moles
of each going to change?

Solution 1 Solution 2

mole initial blue mole initial yellow

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Try these problems!!! Use the dilution equation to solve these. Strategy

How much 6.0 M HCl is required to make 250 mL of 0.50 M HCl? answer

If 10.0 mL of 0.50 M CoCl2 is diluted to 100 mL, what is its new concentration? hint

If 5.0 mL of 0.50M NaCl is mixed with 5.0 mL of 0.30 M AgNO3, what is the resulting concentrations of each? answer

If 5.0 mL of 0.50M NaCl is mixed with 15.0 mL of 0.25 M AgNO3, what is the resulting concentrations of each? answer

If 5.0 mL of 0.50M NaCl is mixed with 15.0 mL of water, what is concentration of NaCl? hint

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Dilution at the Microscopic Level
What happens to the blue solute particles on dilution?

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Diluting a Buffer
Since the two components of a buffer are in the same solution, both are diluted the same.

Buffered Ka = 1.80E-05
Solutions (H )
+
(A )
-
(HA) (HA)/(A ) -
pH
original #1 1.80E-05 1.0000 1.0000 1.00 4.74
dilute 1.80E-05 0.1000 0.1000 1.00 4.74
dilute 1.80E-05 0.0100 0.0100 1.00 4.74
dilute 1.80E-05 0.0010 0.0010 1.00 4.74

original #2 2.57E-05 0.7000 1.0000 1.43 4.59

dilute 2.57E-05 0.3500 0.5000 1.43 4.59
dilute 2.57E-05 0.0700 0.1000 1.43 4.59
dilute 2.57E-05 0.0350 0.0500 1.43 4.59
Does dilution of the buffer influence the pH?
original #3 1.26E-05 1.0000 0.7000 0.70 4.90
dilute 1.26E-05 0.1000 0.0700 0.70 4.90 How does the salt/acid behave?
dilute 1.26E-05 0.0500 0.0350 0.70 4.90
dilute 1.26E-05 0.0050 0.0035 0.70 4.90

These two columns can be

modified for other concentrations.

Sinex 2009
More Dilution Information
Here are some parameters that are used in some dilution discussions.

molesi = molesf

Ci x Vi = Cf x

The dilution factor: DF = Vi/Vf

Volume of water added: Vwater = Vf - Vi

This assumes that the volumes
are additive.

Serial dilution: Cf = Ci x DFn = Ci x (Vi/Vf)n

What is this? where n is the number of times
the dilution is done.
Note: same dilution factor for
each step!!!!!
 This MUST balance!!!

Vf

es that the volumes

he number of times

dilution factor for

Sinex 2009