IB Mathematics Studies

Numbers and Sets – Homework 1

Paper 1 Style Questions

1. The Venn diagram below shows the universal set of real numbers and some of its important
subsets:

: the rational numbers,

: the integers,
: the natural numbers.

Write the following numbers in the correct position in the diagram.

7
–1, 1, , , 3.3333 , 3.
16

(Total 6 marks)

1
2. Consider the numbers 3 , 6, 2 , , –5, and the sets , , and . Complete the following
2
table by placing a tick in the appropriate box if the number is an element of the set.

1
3 6 2  –5
2

(Total 6 marks)

1
3. Consider the numbers 5, 0.5, 5 and –5. Complete the table below, showing which of the
number sets, , and these numbers belong to.

Answers:

5
0.5
5
–5
(Total 8 marks)

2 33
4. Let U = {–4, – , 1, , 13, 26.7, 69, 10 }.
3

A is the set of all the integers in U.

B is the set of all the rational numbers in U.

(a) List all the prime numbers contained in U.

(b) List all the members of A.

(c) List all the members of B.

(d) List all the members of the set A  B.

Working:

Answers:

(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(c) ..................................................................
(d) ..................................................................

(Total 8 marks)

2
5. Given the set of integers, the set of rational numbers, the set of real numbers.

(a) Write down an element that belongs to  .

(b) Write down an element that belongs to  .

(c) Write down an element that belongs to .

(d) Use a Venn diagram to represent the sets , and .

W o r k in g :

A nsw ers:

( a ) .....................................................
( b ) .....................................................
( c ) .....................................................
( d ) .....................................................
(Total 6 marks)

3
Paper 2 Style Question

6. The sets A, B and C are subsets of U. They are defined as follows:

U = {positive integers less than 16}

A = {prime numbers}

B = {factors of 36}

C = {multiples of 4}

(a) List the elements (if any) of the following:

(i) A;

(ii) B;

(iii) C;

(iv) A  B  C.
(4)

(b) (i) Draw a Venn diagram showing the relationship between the sets U, A, B and C.

(ii) Write the elements of sets U, A, B and C in the appropriate places on the Venn
diagram.
(4)

(c) From the Venn diagram, list the elements of each of the following

(i) A  (B  C);

(ii) (A  B);

(iii) (A  B)  C.
(3)

(d) Find the probability that a number chosen at random from the universal set U will be

(i) a prime number;

(ii) a prime number, but not a factor of 36;

(iii) a factor of 36 or a multiple of 4, but not a prime number;

(iv) a prime number, given that it is a factor of 36.

(6)
(Total 17 marks)

4
Answers
1.

(A1) (A1)
(A1)

(A1)

(A1)

(A1) (C6)

[6]
2.
1
3 6 2  –5
2

Row correct, no extra entries. (A1) (C1)

Row (A1)(A1)
Row (A1)(A1)(A1)
[6]
3.

5 (A1)(A1) (C2)
0.5 (A1)(A1) (C2)
5 (A1)(A1) (C2)
–5 (A1)(A1) (C2)
[8]
4. (a) The only prime number in U is 13. (A2) (C2)
33
(b) A = {–4, 1, 13, 69, 10 } (A2) (C2)
2 33
(c) B = {–4, – , 1, 13, 26.7, 69, 10 } (A2) (C2)
3
33
(d) A  B = {–4, 1, 13, 69, 10 }(= A) (A2) (C2)
[8]

5. (a) For example, 2, –3 etc (A1) (C1)

3 6
(b) For example,  not  (A1) (C1)
5 1
(c) For example, 2 ,  (A1) (C1)

5
 (d)
U

For  (A1)
For  (A1)
For  (A1)
[6]

6. (a) (i) A = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13} (A1)

(ii) B = {1,2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12} (A1)
(iii) C = {4, 8, 12} (A1)
(iv) ABC= (A1) 4
(b) (i)(ii)

U B
7 1 6 B U
A 5 2 C
3 9
13 12 A
11 4
15 8
10 14
C
(A2)(A2) 4
Also accept with elements
correctly placed
(c) (i) A  (B  C) = {2, 3} (A1)
(ii) (A  B) = {1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15} (A1)
(iii) (A  B)  C = {4, 8, 12} (A1) 3
6 2
(d) (i)  or 0.4 or 40% (A1)
15 5
4
(ii) or 0.267 or 26.7% (3 s.f) (A1)
15
6 2
(iii) or or 0.4 or 40% (A2)
15 5
2
(iv) or 0.286 or 28.6% (3 s.f.) (A2) 6
7
[17]