20170418064343AG Final Report 2073

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Serving the Nation and the People
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(We strive to be a credible institution in promoting
accountability, transparency and integrity for the benefit of
the people)
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(Provide independent and quality audit service to assure our
stakeholders that the public funds are efficiently used)
lgi7f (Integrity)
:jtGqtf (Independence)
Jofj;flostf (Professionalism)
kf/blz{tf (Transparency)
hjfkmb]lxtf (Accountability)
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k|fKt pknlAwsf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0f u/L :jtGq / ;'b[9 cy{tGqsf] ljsf; ug]{ cfly{s p2]Zo lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 . of]
p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ /fHosf ;|f]t ;fwgsf] k|flKt Pj+ pkof]u ldtJooL, bIf / k|efjsf/L x'g h?/L 5 . ;fj{hlgs
;|f]t ;fwgsf] kl/rfng hjfkmb]xL 9Ëaf6 eP gePsf] d"NofÍg u/L k|ltj]bg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ;+ljwfgn]
dxfn]vfk/LIfsnfO{ ;'Dk]sf] 5 . cfly{s sf/f]af/sf] j:t'k/s 9Ëaf6 d"NofÍg u/L ;'emfj;lxtsf] of] k|ltj]bg
;DdfggLo /fi6«kltHo";dIf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
n]vfk/LIf0fsf] If]qdf cGt/f{li6«o:t/df cfPsf kl/jt{g Pj+ cEof;nfO{ cfTd;ft u/L n]vfk/LIf0fsf]
u'0f:t/ clej[l4 ug'{ k|d'v cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 . dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{no ;jf]{Rr n]vfk/LIf0f ;+:yfx?sf]
cGt/f{li6«o ;+u7g -OG6f];fO{_ / Pl;ofnL ;jf]{Rr n]vfk/LIf0f ;+:yfx?sf] ;+u7g
-P;f];fO{_ sf] ;b:o x'gfsf] ;fy} P;f];fO{ uelg{Ë af]8{sf] lgjf{lrt ;b:o /x]sf]n] tL ;+u7gx?af6 k|ltkflbt
dfgb08 cjnDag u/L n]vfk/LIf0fnfO{ yk u'0f:t/Lo agfpg kfFr jifL{o /0fgLlts of]hgf th'{df u/L
sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf] 5 .
;Lldt ;|f]tsf] bIftfk"0f{ pkof]u ug]{ x]t'n] n]vfk/LIf0f P]gadf]lhd hf]lvdsf cfwf/df sfof{no 5gf}6
u/L n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] 5 . n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf ;xh kx'Fr k'¥ofO{ ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;';"lrt ug]{ p2]Zon] o;
jif{ lhNnfut, dGqfnout / jflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . pgfGrf;f}F jflif{s k|ltj]bgb]lv ;a} lgsfodf
b]lvPsf ;dfg k|s[ltsf Joxf]/f ;dfj]z u/L k|ltj]bg ug{ z'?cft ul/Psf] lyof] . of] jif{ ;dfg k|s[ltsf Pj+
ljifout pNn]vgLo Joxf]/fnfO{ jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z u/L cGo Joxf]/fnfO{ dGqfnout Pj+ lhNnfut
k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . /fHosf] ;+3Lo ;+/rgfcg'?k k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] n]vfk/LIf0fnfO{ ;xh agfpg]
p2]Zon] o; sfof{nosf] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf lj:tf/ ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/;dIf k|:tfj k7fOPsf] 5 . o;af6 cfufdL
lbgdf ;+3Lo, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] cfly{s sf/f]af/;Fu ;DalGwt hgrf;f] ;Daf]wg u/L k|ltj]bg ug{ ;xh x'g]
ljZjf; lnOPsf] 5 .
;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] ;do ;dodf lbPsf] ;'emfj, g]kfn ;/sf/sf kbflwsf/L;Fu ePsf] 5nkmn, o;
sfof{nosf] /0fgLlts of]hgf Pj+ ;dsIfL k'g/fjnf]sg k|ltj]bgn] lbPsf ;'emfjnfO{ dWogh/ u/L sf/f]af/ /
lgsfodf cfwfl/t k|ltj]bg k|0ffnLnfO{ kl/dfh{g u/L ;dfg Joxf]/f / ljifout cfwf/df k|ltj]bg ug]{ cEof;sf]
k|f/De ul/Psf] 5 . o;af6 k|ltj]bg cem k7gLo x'g] / oyf;dod} 5nkmn u/L cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;fj{hlgs
n]vf ;ldltnfO{ ;xh x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .
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lqmofsnfk lgb]{lzt x'g] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf 5 . lhDd]jf/ JolQmn] ;/sf/L cfDbfgL jf vr{ ubf{ lgod;Ddt,
ldtJooL, bIf, k|efjsf/L / cf}lrTok"0f{ tj/n] ug'{kg]{ / cfk"mn] u/]sf] cfly{s sf/f]af/sf] cfGtl/s hfFr u/L jf
u/fO{ 7Ls 5 eGg] s'/fdf ljZj:t x'g'kg]{ sfg'gL Joj:yf 5 . o;adf]lhd cfly{s sf/f]af/ gePaf6 g} a]?h" x'g]
u/]sf] 5 .
bz{g ljwfn] ;j{:jLsfo{ dfg]sf] ;Tok|lti7fo+ lqmofkmnf>oTjd\ cyf{t\ ;Tosf] ;fwgf u/]/ sfof{Gjog
kIfnfO{ d"t{ ?k lbFbf g} ;a}sf] sNof0f x'G5 . o;} ;Gbe{df :jR5 cfly{s sf/f]af/sf nflu cfˆgf] sfdk|ltsf]
lgi7f, k]zfut OdfGbfl/tf / lhDd]jf/Lsf] af]w x'g' cfjZos 5 . o;} tYonfO{ dWogh/ u/L o; sfof{nosf
sd{rf/Lsf] k]zfut cfrf/;+lxtf th'{df u/L ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] 5 . o;tk{m cfly{s sf/f]af/ ug]{ sfof{no,
lgodgsf/L lgsfo tyf ;/f]sf/jfnf ;a}sf] Wofg k'Ug' klg plQs} h?/L 5 . o; qmddf cfGtl/s lgoGq0f /
n]vfk/LIf0fsf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ /xg] x'gfn] o;df klg k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg'kb{5 .
cGtdf, ;+j}wflgs lhDd]jf/Lcg';f/ n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tof/ ug{ ;'emfj lbO{ ;xof]u ug]{ Joj:yflksf–
;+;b, ;a} ;+j}wflgs lgsfo, g]kfn ;/sf/sf lgsfo, ;fj{hlgs ;+:yf, ljsf; ;fe]mbf/, gful/s ;dfh,
;~rf/sdL{, cfd gful/s nufot ;a}k|lt cfef/ JoQm ug{ rfxG5f}F . k|ltj]bgx? o; sfof{nosf] j]e;fO6
www.oagnep.gov.np df ;d]t /flvPsf] x'gfn] cWoog u/L cfˆgf cd"No /fo, ;Nnfx / ;'emfj pknAw
u/fpg cfXjfg ub{5f}F .
n]vfk/LIf0fsf] p2]Zo, If]q / k4lt
1. ;_j}wflgs tyf sfg'gL Joj:yf Y g]kfnsf] ;_ljwfgsf] wf/f @$! df ;_3Lo / k|b]zsf ;a}
;/sf/L sfof+no, :yfgLo tx tyf sfg'gAf/f tf]lsPsf cGo ;_:yfsf] lgwf+l/t tl/sfadf]lhd
lgoldttf, ldtJolotf, sfo+bIftf, k|efjsfl/tf / cf}lrTo ;d]tsf] ljrf/ u/L dxfn]vfk/LIfsn]
n]vfk/LIf0f ug]+ / wf/f @($ adf]lhd jflif+s k|ltj]bg /fi6\klt ;dIf k]; ug'+kg]+ Joj:yf 5 .
n]vfk/LIf0f P]g, @)$* n] dxfn]vfk/LIfsn] n]vfk/LIf0f ug]+ tl/sf, If]q, k/LIf0f ug]+ s'/f /
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f+ Pj_ clwsf_z :jfldTj ePsf ;_ul7t ;_:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwdf
pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . ;_ljwfg / n]vfk/LIf0f P]gAf/f k|bQ sfg'gL cfwf/cg'?k n]vfk/LIf0f u/L
k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
2. p2]Zo Y ;fj+hlgs ;|f]tsf] k|flKt / pkof]usf ;DaGwdf lgoldttf, ldtJolotf, sfo+bIftf,
k|efjsfl/tf / cf}lrTosf] ljrf/ u/L b]xfosf ljifox? ;'lglZrt ug'+ n]vfk/LIf0fsf] p2]Zo /x]sf]
5M
 cfly+s ljj/0f tf]lsPsf] 9f_rfdf tof/ eO+ sf/f]af/sf] oyfy+ l:ylt lrq0f u/]sf],
 ljlgof]hg P]gadf]lhd :jLs=t ;Ldfleq /xL ;f]xL P]gaf6 lglb+i6 k|of]hgdf vr+ u/]sf],
 /fh:j nufot ;d:t cfDbfgL / w/f}6L c;'nL tyf bflvnf u/]sf],
 ;/sf/L ;DklQsf] clen]v, pkof]u / ;_/If0fsf] kof+Kt Joj:yf u/]sf],
 cfGtl/s lgoGq0f Joj:yf k|efjsf/L /x]sf],
 cfly+s sf/f]af/ ubf+ P]g sfg'gsf] kl/kfngf u/]sf] Pj_ k'i6\ofO+ ug]+ oy]i6 k|df0f
/fv]sf],
 sfo+qmdcg';f/ lgwf+l/t ;doleq k|ult xf_l;n u/]sf] /
 ljutdf cf}_NofOPsf Joxf]/fsf] sfof+Gjog u/]sf] .
3. If]q Y of] jif+ ;a} ;/sf/L lgsfo, ;_ul7t ;_:yf, ;ldlt, af]8+, sf]if, k|flws/0f, ljZjljBfno
;d]tsf sfg'gn] n]vfk/LIf0f ug'+kg]+ u/L tf]s]sf lgsfosf] cfly+s jif+ @)&@.&# sf]] / k];
eP;Dd aSof}tf ;d]tsf cfly+s sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] 5 . :jLs=t jflif+s
n]vfk/LIf0f of]hgfcg';f/ ljQLo n]vfk/LIf0fsf] ;fy} sfo+d"ns, ;"rgf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t /
jftfj/0fLo n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] 5 . o; jif+b]lv s]xL dxTjk"0f+ ljifox?df s]lGb|t eO+ ljifout
n]vfk/LIf0f z'? u/L k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .
$= k4ltM ;+ljwfg, n]vfk/LIf0f P]g, ;jf]{Rr n]vfk/LIf0f ;+:yfx?sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;+u7g -OG6f];fO{_ åf/f
k|ltkflbt l;4fGt / c;n cEof;sf] cg';/0f u/L n]vfk/LIf0f dfgb08 Pj+ dfu{bz{g k|of]u
ul/Psf] 5 .
jflif{s of]hgf / sfo{qmdsf] cwLgdf /xL :ynut ?kdf n]vfk/LIf0f u/L k|ltj]bg ul/Psf]
5 . n]vfk/LIf0fsf] u'0f:t/ clej[l4sf nflu sfof{Gjog r/0fdf lg/LIf0f, ;'kl/j]If0f tyf
cfrf/;+lxtf kfngfsf] cg'udg u/L u'0f:t/ cfZj:ttfsf] lgldQ ;Dkflbt sfdsf] k'g/fjnf]sg
ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .
n]vfk/LIf0f ul/g] lgsfo / sf/f]af/sf] 5gf}6 ubf{ hf]lvd d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/df :jLs[t
of]hgf / sfo{ljlw canDag u/L lj:t[t, ;+lIfKt / cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f tyf s]Gb|Lo cfly{s
ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ul/Psf]5 .
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2 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

n]vfk/LIf0f / a]?h"sf] l:ylt
1. n]vfk/LIf0f Y sfof+noaf6 of] jif+ lgDgfg';f/ n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] 5M
1.1 ;/sf/L lgsfo Y of] jif+ # xhf/ ($$ ;/sf/L lgsfosf]] ljlgof]hg//fh:j/w/f}6L ;d]t ?-
!@ va+ (% ca+ $$ s/f]8 (@ nfvsf] lgDgfg';f/ n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] 5M
[?- nfvdf{
qm-;_- sf/f]af/ @)&@.&# sf] n]vfk/LIf0f cÍ
!- ljlgof]hg lgsf;f 6,00,85,10
@- /fh:j c;'nL 4,75,12,49
#- w/f}6L cfDbfgL 26,76,49
$ cGo 1,92,70,84
hDdf 12,95,44,92
;/sf/L lgsfosf] n]vfk/LIf0f sf/f]af/sf] ljj/0f cg';"rL ! df pNn]v 5 .
1.2 ;_ul7t ;_:yf, ;ldlt / cGo ;_:yf Y of] jif+ ^# ;_ul7t ;_:yfsf] ?-!& va+ (* ca+ *# s/f]8
^) nfv, ^(# ;ldlt tyf cGo ;_:yfsf] ?-! va+ @@ ca+ $& s/f]8 ^ nfv / &% lhNnf
ljsf; ;ldltsf] ?-! va+ @# ca+ @ s/f]8 && nfvsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] 5 . lj:t=t
ljj/0f cg';"rL @, #, $ / ^ df 5 .
1.3 sfo+d"ns tyf cGo n]vfk/LIf0f Y of] jif+ & ljifosf] sfo+d"ns, ! ljifosf] jftfj/0fLo / #
;k6j]o/sf] ;"rgf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] 5 .
1.4 n]vfk/LIf0f aSof}tf Y ;/sf/L sfof{notk{m n]vfk/LIf0f aSof}tf ut jif{;Dd @ xhf/ (@(
OsfO{sf] ?=% ca{ &$ s/f]8 !@ nfv /x]sf]df of] jif{ @ xhf/ (@% OsfOsf] ?=% ca{ #) s/f]8
^$ nfv k'u]sf] 5 . o;} u/L ;+ul7t ;+:yfx?sf] ut jif{;Ddsf] n]vfk/LIf0f aSof}tf $*@
cfly{s jif{sf] /x]sf]df o; jif{ $#^ jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f aSof}tf /x]sf] 5 .
1.5 /fo;lxtsf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg Y ;l~rt sf]ifsf] lx;fa Pj_ s]lGb|Lo lgsfoaf6 k]; ePsf
cfly+s ljj/0f pk/ o; sfof+noaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f /fo;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg pknaw u/fOPsf] 5 .
;_ul7t ;_:yftk+m #* cfly+s ljj/0fdWo] $ df s}lkmot/lxt / #$ df s}lkmot;lxtsf]
n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg pknaw u/fOPsf] 5 .
2. a]?h" — cfly+s sfo+ljlw P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf @[b{ n] k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd k'Mofpg'kg]+ /Lt
gk'MofO+ sf/f]af/ u/]sf] jf /fVg'kg]+ n]vf g/fv]sf] tyf clgoldt jf a]dgfl;a tl/sfn] cfly+s
sf/f]af/ u/]sf] Joxf]/fnfO+ a]?h"sf] ?kdf kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 .
lgsfox?sf] c;'n km5of}+6 u/L sf/afxL 6'uf] nufpg'kg]+ cBfjlws /sd ut jif+ ?-#
va+ @* ca+ %@ s/f]8 #* nfv /x]sf]df o; jif+ b]xfocg';f/ ?-# va+ (^ ca+ @% s/f]8 ^!
nfv k'u]sf] 5 . pQm /sd utjif+sf] t'ngfdf @)-^@ k|ltztn] j=l4 ePsf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ;/sf/L
sfof+no / lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / cGo ;_:yf ;ldltsf] xfn;Ddsf] a]?h" @ va+ @@ ca+ /x]sf]
5.

[?-nfvdf{
qm-;_- ljj/0f /sd
! ;/sf/L sfof+nosf] a]?h" 167,49,27
@ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, cGo ;_:yf / ;ldltsf a]?h" 54,39,98
# n]vfk/LIf0f aSof}tf 5,30,64
$ /fh:j aSof}tf 1,32,18,18
% zf]wegf+ lng af_sL j}b]lzs cg'bfg 22,51,77
^ zf]wegf+ lng af_sL j}b]lzs C0f 14,33,72
& hdfgt a;L lbPsf] C0fsf] efvf gf3]sf] ;f_jf Aofh 2,05
hDdfM 3,96,25,61
b|i6JoM ;_ul7t ;_:yfx?sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] a]?h"sf] nut /fVg] Pj_ ;Dk/LIf0f sfo+ o;
sfof+noaf6 gx'g] ePsf]]n] plNnlvt csdf ;dfj]z 5}g .
3. a]?h" juL{s/0f – cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% df a]?h"nfO{ c;'n ug'{kg{], lgoldt ug'{kg]{
/ k]ZsL u/L # ju{df juL{s/0f ul/Psf] 5 . o; sfof{non] a]?h"nfO+ c;'n ug'+kg]+,
clgoldt ePsf], k|df0f sfuhft k]; gePsf], lhDd]jf/L g;f/]sf], zf]wegf+ glnPsf] /
k]ZsL af_sLdf juL+s/0f ul/Psf] 5 . k]ZsLcGt+ut sd+rf/L k]ZsL, df]lanfOh];g k]ZsL,
k|tLtkq k]ZsL / ;_:yfut k]ZsLdf juL+s/0f /x]sf] 5 . of] jif+ ;/sf/L sfof+no, ;ldlt
/ cGo ;_:yftkm+ n]vfk/LIf0faf6 cf}_NofOPsf] a]?h" cs lgDgfg';f/ 5M
[?- nfvdf{
;ldlt tyf cGo ;+:yf s'n j]?h"sf]
juL{s/0f ;/sf/L sfof{no hDdf
/ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt k|ltzt
hDdf a]?h" 88,85,59 8,58,10 97,43,69 100.00
!- c;'n ug'+kg]+ 40,43,89 94,78 41,38,67 42.48
@- lgoldt ug'+kg]+ 24,40,32 6,07,78 30,48,10 31.28
 clgoldt ePsf] 5,13,55 2,09,64 7,23,19 7.42
 k|df0f sfuhft k]; gePsf] 18,14,25 3,70,96 21,85,21 22.43
 lhDd]jf/L g;f/]sf] 14 - 14 0.00
 zf]wegf+ glnPsf] 1,12,38 27,18 1,39,56 1.43
#- k]ZsL 24,01,38 1,55,54 25,56,92 26.24
 sd+rf/L k]ZsL 40,91 3,21 44,12 0.45
 df]lanfOh];g k]ZsL 16,61,73 - 16,61,73 17.05
 k|tLtkq k]ZsL 2,98,56 - 2,98,56 3.06
 ;_:yfut k]ZsL 4,00,18 1,52,33 5,52,21 5.68
a]?h" juL+s/0f cg';"rL & / * df pNn]v 5 .

3.1 ;/sf/L sfof{notk{m of] jif{ /sdut cfwf/df a9L a]?h" x'g] % dGqfno lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
-?= nfvdf_
a]?h" cÍ n]=k=cÍsf]
n]vfk/LIf0f s'n a]?h"sf]
qm=;+= dGqfno lgoldt t'ngfdf a]?h"
c+s c;'n ug'{kg{+ k]ZsL afFsL hDdf k|ltzt
ug'{kg{+ k|ltzt
1. cy{ 7189566 375361 15486 302 391149 44.02 5.44
2. ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft 706870 6500 24252 96953 127705 14.37 18.07
3. ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo lasf; 670626 2552 42013 35783 80348 9.04 11.98
4. lzIff 920304 1058 73916 2670 77644 8.74 8.44
5. vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ 146434 1746 21544 14960 38250 4.30 26.12
hDdf 9633800 387217 177211 150668 715096
plNnlvt % dGqfnosf] a]?h" ;/sf/L sfof{notk{msf] s'n a]?h"sf] *)=$* k|ltzt

/x]sf] 5 .
3.2 ;/sf/L lgsfotk{m ljut # jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f / a]?h" cssf] t'ngfTds l:ylt lgDgfg';f/ 5M
[?-nfvdf{
k|ltj]bg n]vfk/LIf0f cs a]?h" cs k|ltzt
afpGgf}_ 8,53,94,64 37,40,57 4.38
lqkGGff}_ 10,43,23,84 48,77,88 4.67
rjGgf}F 12,95,44,92 88,85,59 6.86
n]vfk/LIf0f cssf] t'ngfdf a]?h" ut jif+ $-^& k|ltzt /x]sf]df o; jif+ a9]/
^-*^ k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 .
4. c;'nL – o; jif{ n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] a]?h" ?=(& ca{ $# s/f]8 ^( nfvdWo] $@=$*
k|ltzt cyf{t\ ?=$! ca{ #* s/f]8 ^& nfv c;'npk/ ug'{kg]{ a]?h" /x]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf
b]lvPsf Joxf]/f b]xfocg';f/ /x]sf 5g\M
4.1 sfof{non] ljleGg #( ;/sf/L lgsfox?sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ a]?h" cf}+NofP kZrft\
n]vfk/LIf0fsf] qmddf ?=( s/f]8 &^ nfv, k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg k7fPkl5 ?=@ s/f]8 ## nfv /
;Dk/LIf0fsf] qmddf ?=! ca{ *$ s/f]8 *# nfv ;d]t s'n ?=! ca{ (^ s/f]8 (@ nfv c;'n
ePsf] 5 . ;ldlttk{m % lgsfon] ?=!@ s/f]8 % nfv c;'n u/]sf] ;d]t n]vfk/LIf0faf6 o;
jif{ ?=@ ca{ * s/f]8 (& nfv c;'n ePsf] 5 . c;'nL ;DaGwL lgsfout ljj/0f b]xfodf
pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
[?-xhf/df{
k|f/lDes
n]- k- sf] ;Dk/LIf0fsf]
qm-;_- lgsfo/dGqfno k|ltj]bg hDdf cGo lgsfo s'n hDdf
bf}/fgdf qmddf
k7fPkl5
1. /fi6\kltsf] sfof+no - 242 - 242 242
2. ;_ljwfg ;ef Joj:yflksf ;_;b ;lrjfno 73 - 34 107 - 107
3. ;jf]+Rr cbfnt 266 544 6729 7539 7539
4. dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof+no 9 9 9
5. nf]s ;]jf cfof]u 20 - 58 78 - 78
6. lgjf+rg cfof]u 5 - 144 149 - 149
7. dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof+no 51 - 24 75 - 75
8. Gofo kl/ifb\ 1648 - - 1648 - 1648
9. /fli6\o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u 2 - 6 8 - 8
10. k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 3257 28 5756 9041 - 9041
11. cy+ 11381 6528 637481 655390 6448 661838
12. pBf]u 1378 34 - 1412 1412
13. pmhf+ 70 60 1475 1605 - 1605
14. s=lif ljsf; 3535 1237 73357 78129 78129
15. u=x 8299 641 9156 18096 - 18096
16. k//fi6\ 5 - - 5 - 5
17. kz'klG5 ljsf; 2722 79 793 3594 - 3594
18. ;_:s=lt ko+6g tyf gful/s p88\og - - 470 470 40039 40509
19. e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf 369 564 - 933 - 933
20. ef}lts k"jf+wf/ tyf oftfoft 9088 222 53226 62536 - 62536
21. dlxnf,afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f 1721 3 2453 4177 4177
22. o"jf tyf v]ns'b 34 - - 34 34
23. /Iff 12018 - 474 12492 - 12492
24. jg tyf e"Y;_/If0f 2569 101 10131 12801 - 12801
25. jfl0fHo 67 - 16 83 - 83
26. cfk"lt+ 4 - - 4 4
27. hg;_Vof tyf aftfj/0f 9 - 21222 21231 21231
28. zflGt tyf k'glgdff+0f 10 539088 539098 539098
29. lzIff 9541 773 69806 80120 1903 82023
30. >d tyf /f]huf/ 50 0 0 50 - 50
k|f/lDes
n]- k- sf] ;Dk/LIf0fsf]
qm-;_- lgsfo/dGqfno k|ltj]bg hDdf cGo lgsfo s'n hDdf
bf}/fgdf qmddf
k7fPkl5
31. ;fdfGo k|zf;g 319 0 6445 6764 - 6764
32. l;rfO+ 969 431 15405 16805 16805
33. ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ 52 237 274025 274314 - 274314
34. ;x/L ljsf; 50 2051 12615 14716 14716
35. vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO 634 353 4628 5615 - 5615
36. ;_3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; 25027 9038 83075 117140 426 117566
37. :jf:Yo tyf hg;_Vof 2327 333 19962 22622 71654 94276
38. ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f 158 158 158
39. /fli6\o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno 51 2 185 238 - 238
hDdf 97630 23259 1848397 1969286 120470 2089756
4.2 o; jif{ c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] a]?h"dWo] cy{ dGqfnosf] ;a}eGbf a9L ?=#& ca{ %# s/f]8 ^!
nfv /x]sf] 5 . pQm /sddf k'FhLut nfes/ c;'n gu/]sf], s/bftfn] vl/b laqmLsf] sf/f]af/
oyfy{ 3f]if0ff gu/]sf], d"No clej[l4 s/ nfUg] sf/f]af/ eP klg c;'n gu/]sf], s/bftfn] d"No
clej[l4 s/ ;/sf/af6 lng'kg]{ -q]ml86_ b]vfO{ ltg'{kg]{ /sd 36fPsf], gkfpg] d"No clej[l4 s/
q]ml86 bfaL u/]sf], s/f]8f}+ sf/f]af/ u/] klg cfo ljj/0f k]; u/L s/ glt/]sf] nufotsf Joxf]/f
b]lvPsf 5g\ .
4.3 ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfnocGtu{t d"No ;dfof]hg a9L e'QmfgL lbPsf], k"j{lgwf{l/t
Ifltk"lt{ c;'n gu/]sf], hf]8hDdf km/s kf/L a9L e'QmfgL lbPsf], gofF cfO6ddf a9L b/
lgwf{/0f u/]sf], k|f]lehgn ;ddf lan e/kfO{a]u/ vr{ u/]sf] nufotsf sf/0faf6 ?=^% s/f]8
c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
4.4 ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfnocGtu{t b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfos sDkgLx?af6 lk|mSj]G;L b:t'/,
gjLs/0f b:t'/ / /f]oN6L c;'n gePsf]n] ?=%% s/f]8 $^ nfv c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
4.5 e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf dGqfnon] 3/hUuf laqmLdf k'FhLut nfe c;'n gu/]sf], /lhi6«];g
b:t'/ c;'n gu/]sf] cflb sf/0faf6 ?=## s/f]8 ^# nfv c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
4.6 s[lif ljsf; / ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnocGtu{t ;zt{ cg'bfg pkof]u geP
klg lkmtf{ gu/]sf], clu|d s/ s§f gu/]sf] nufotsf sf/0faf6 qmdzM ?=@% s/f]8 ^@ nfv /
?=@% s/f]8 %@ nfv c;'n ug'{kg]{ cj:yf 5 .
5. k]ZsL – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] kl/R5]b ( adf]lhd pknAw u/fPsf]
sfo{kl/rfng, k|tLtkq, sd{rf/L tyf cGo k]ZsL tf]s]sf] sfo{lalw ckgfO{ km5\of{}6 ug'{kg]{df
of] jif{ ;/sf/L sfof{notk{m ?=@$ ca{ ! s/f]8 #* nfv km5\of}{6 x'g af_sL k]ZsL a]?h" /x]sf]
5 . o:tf] k]ZsL a]?h" xfn;Ddsf] ?=%* ca{ #^ s/f]8 #) nfv /x]sf] 5 . ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf
k]ZsL afFsL a]?h" /sd !@=%% k|ltzt a9]sf] 5 . k]ZsL ljj/0f % df /x]sf] 5 .
;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !!# adf]lhd vl/b ;Demf}tf ePkZrft\
df]lanfOh];g k]ZsL lbg] / lanaf6 s§f ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf]df of] jif{ lbPsf] k]ZsLdWo] ?=!^
ca{ ^! s/f]8 &# nfv ;d]t xfn;Ddsf] km5\of}{6 x'g afFsL df]lanfOh];g k]ZsL a]?h" ?=@&
ca{ * s/f]8 %% nfv /x]sf] 5 .

n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf d'Vo Joxf]/f
;fj+hlgs hjfkmb]lxtfsf] kl/kfngf ;DaGwdf o; sfof+noaf6 x'g] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf
Joxf]/fnfO+ ;_lIfKt ?kdf lgDgfg';f/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5M
;fj{hlgs hjfkmb]lxtfsf] cj:yf

ah]6 Joj:yfkg ;fj+hlgs vl/b Joj:yfkg cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg
 k|fljlws, j:t'ut nufotsf ;a} j}b]lzs  nfut cg'dfg oyfy+k/s tof/  /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfx? of]hgfj4
;xfotf ah]6df ;dfj]z gu/]sf], gx'_bf e]l/P;gaf6 sfd yk ug]+, tj/n] ;~rfng gePsf] / k|ult Go"g
 sfg'g k|lts"n /sdfGt/ u/]sf],  7]Ssf Joj:yf ;dodf gx'g], /x]sf],
  cfof]hgf sfof+Gjog sfo+of]hgf tof/
jiff+Gtdf /sd 6\fG;km/ u/L vr+ b]vfPsf],  6'q]m nfut tof/ u/L ;f]e}m vl/b
 ah]6sf] dxTjk"0f+ lx:;f cf]u6g] cg'bfgsf] gu/]sf],
ug]]+,  k/fdz+bftfsf] lge+/tf /x]sf],
cg'udg gu/]sf],  7]Ssfsf] sfd Dofbleq ;DkGg  cfof]hgfaf6 ck]lIft pknlaw xfl;n
 k'_hLut vr+ ck]Iff u/]cg'?k ga9]sf], gx'g], gePsf],
 ;dodf zf]wegf+ k|fKt gu/]sf] ,  k"j+lgwf+l/t Ifltk"lt+ c;'n gug]+  j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] pkof]u Go"g /x]sf]
 rfn' / k'_hLut vr+sf] k|ltj]bg  gkfpg] d"Noj=l4 e'QmfgL lbg],  nIocg';f/ k|ult gePsf]],
oyfy+k/s gePsf] .  bfaL e'QmfgL lbPsf] .  dfkb08 a]u/ slG6Gh]G;L vr+ u/]sf],
 cGt/lgsfo ;dGjo gePsf] .
;|f]t ;fwgsf] ;_/If0f Pj_ pkof]u cfGtl/s lgoGq0f Pj_ sf/f]af/sf] oyf+ttf
 ;/sf/L ;DklQsf] PsLs=t clen]v gePsf],  lhDd]jf/ JolQmaf6 cg'udg lg/LIf0f gePsf],
 ;/sf/L jg Pj_ hUuf cltqmd0f ePsf],  cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f k|efjsf/L gePsf],
 ;/sf/L ;DklQ pkof]uljxLg /x]sf],  ;/sf/L n]vfdfgcg'?k n]vf g/fv]sf] Pj_ ;l~rt
 k|fs=lts ;|f]tsf] pkof]uaf6 ;d'lrt k|ltkmn k|fKt sf]ifsf] n]vfdf k|ltljlDat gePsf]],
gePsf, .  art /sd ;l~rt sf]ifdf bflvnf gePsf],
 cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnL ;an gePsf] .
/fh:j k|zf;g ;_:yfg ;~rfng lhDd]jf/L axg

 ;dfg'kflts qm]l86 stL gu/]sf],
 7"nf] /sdsf] sf/f]af/ u/]klg s/ r'Qmf  clwsf_z ;_ul7t ;_:yf  lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/Ln] tf]lsPsf]
gu/]sf], gf]S;fgLdf /x]sf], ;doleq sf/afxL u/L a]?h"
 gkfpg] d"No clej=l4 s/ qm]l86 lnPsf],  cfGtl/s lgoGq0f sdhf]/ km5\of}+6 gu/]sf],
 km/s eG;f/ b/aGbL nufPaf6 sd /x]sf],  sltko j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf]
dx;'n p7]sf],  ;dodf n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fPsf] n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fPsf],
 /fh:j 5'6sf] pkof]u ;'lglZrt gePsf]], Pj_ k|ltj]bg pk/ k|ltlqmof  ;_;bLo ;ldltsf] lg0f+o
 s/bftfn] oyfy+ sf/f]af/ gb]vfPaf6 glbPsf], sfof+Gjog tyf cg'udg
36L s/ c;'n ePsf],  lgliqmo ;_:yfdf k|zf;lgs gePsf],
 k'_hLut nfes/ 5Ng] k|j=lQ a9]sf] vr+sf] nflu C0f nufgL u/]sf],  a]?h" nufot sf/afxL u/L
 s/ km5\of}+6 cfof]u u7g u/L aSof}tf  /f]oN6L gjLs/0f b:t'/ c;'n c;'n km5\of}+6 tyf 6'uf] nufpg
/fh:j ldgfxf lbPsf] . gu/]sf] . af_sL ?-# va+ (^ ca+ @%
s/f]8 6'uf] gnufPsf] .

 cfly+s kl/;"rs
1. ;du| cfly{s l:ylt – /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] cfFs8f cg';f/ t]x|f}+ of]hgf -@)&).&!–
@)&@.&#_ n] jflif{s cf};t j[l4b/ ^ k|ltzt xfl;n ug]{ nIo lnPsf]df cfjlws j[l4b/
@=( k|ltzt /xg uPsf] 5 . ;f]dWo] s[lif If]qsf] $=% k|ltzt / u}/s[lif If]qsf] ^=& k|ltzt
nlIft j[l4b/ /x]sf]df k|ult qmdzM @=@ / #=$ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . e"sDk / ;Ldf cj/f]w
;d]tn] @)&@.&# df ;du| cfly{s If]qdf k/]sf] k|efjsf sf/0f cfly{s j[l4b/ ;+s'rg x'gfn]
j[l4b/ )=* k|ltzt dfq xfl;n ePsf]
hgfPtfklg ut bzss} cf};t j[l4b/ #=*
k|ltzt /xgfn] ck]Iffs[t j[l4 xfl;n ePsf]
5}g . d'n'snfO{ ;g\ @)#) ;Dd dWod
cfDbfgL ePsf] /fi6«df :t/f]Gglt ug{ &
k|ltzteGbf a9Lsf] b/n] cfly{s j[l4 ug{'kg]{
x'G5 . s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg bf]Aa/ x'g t]x|f}+
of]hgfsf] j[l4sf] cfwf/df @$ jif{ / ut
bzssf] cf};t j[l4sf] cfwf/df cem !* jif{
nfUg] cj:yf 5 . ctM ck]lIft j[l4b/
xfl;n ug{ 7'nf] dfqfdf nufgL u/L of]hgf
sfof{Gjog ug]{ Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{' h¿/L 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf cGo Joxf]/f b]xfo
cg';f/ 5g\M
1.1 cfly{s ;j]{If0fcg';f/ d'n'ssf] cy{tGqdf of] jif{ s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] #@ k|ltztn]
ljk|]if0f cfo ?=^ va{ &( ca{ cfk|jfx eP tfklg ;f] cfosf] k|of]u d'Votof pkef]udf vr{
ePsf] l:yltn] k'FhL lgdf{0f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . cfoft k|lt:yfkg ug{ cfGtl/s pTkfbgdf
ck]lIft j[l4 x'g g;Sg' / k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtfdf x|f;sf sf/0f lgsf;L b/ s'n ufx{:Yo
pTkfbgsf] # k|ltzt dfq /x]sf] 5 . of] jif{sf] cfoft ?=& va{ *! ca{sf] t'ngfdf lgof{t
?=&) ca{dfq /x]sf] x'Fbf Jofkf/ 3f6f j[l4 x'g uO{ ?=& va{ !! ca{ k'u]sf] 5 . cfd
hgtfsf] qmozlQmdf ;'wf/ Nofpg of]hgf cjlwdf d"Noj[l4nfO{ lgoGq0f u/L jflif{s cf};t
d"No j[l4b/ & k|ltztdf ;Lldt /fVg] nIo eP tfklg @)&@.&# sf] (=( k|ltzt;lxt
of]hgf cjlwdf ;/b/ d'›f:kmLlt *=& k|ltzt /xgfn] ck]lIft kl/df0feGbf j:t' jf ;]jfsf]
k|flKt 36]sf] l:ylt 5 . ut bzssf] cf};t s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf s'n pkef]u () k|ltzt
/ s'n ufx{:Yo art !) k|ltzt /x]sf]df of] jif{ pkef]u a9]/ ($=& k|ltzt / art 36]/
%=# k|ltzt /x]tf klg pRr ljk|]if0f cfk|jfxsf sf/0f s'n /fli6«o art cg'kft $@=(
k|ltzt /x]sf] ePklg pTkfbgzLn If]qdf nufgL a9\g g;s]sf] l:ylt 5 .
1.2 of]hgf cjlwdf ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf @#=* k|ltzt hg;+VofnfO{ !* k|ltztdf emfg]{
nIo /x] tfklg cfly{s ultljlwdf Go"gtfsf sf/0f ul/aL @=@ k|ltzt ljGb'n] dfq 36]sf] 5
eg] jflif{s cf};t /f]huf/L j[l4b/sf] nIo #=@ k|ltztsf] t'ngfdf @=( k|ltztdfq /f]huf/L
j[l4 ePsf] 5 . To:t} of]hgf cjlwdf k|ltJolQm s'n /fli6«o cfo cd]l/sL 8n/ &!# af6
()@ k'Ug] cg'dfg u/] tfklg of]hgfsf] clGtd jif{ @)&@.&# df ut jif{sf] l:y/ d"Nosf]
cfoeGbf klg )=%# k|ltzt 36]/ cd]l/sL 8n/ &^^ sfod ePsf] 5 . dfgj ljsf;
k|ltj]bg, @)!^ cg';f/ !$$ cf}+ :yfgdf /x]sf] g]kfnsf] dfgj ljsf; ;"rsfÍ )=%%*
/x]sf] 5 eg] lhgL u'0ffÍ #@=* / kfNdf cg'kft klg !=# /x]sf] x'Fbf dfgjLo kIfsf] ;du|
ljsf;df sdL tyf cfosf] ljt/0fdf clws c;dfgtf /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . jiff{Gt;Dd afFsL
C0f /sd ?=^ va{ @& ca{ &( s/f]8sf] cfwf/df k|ltJolQm C0f ef/ ut jif{sf] eGbf ?=@
xhf/ *(% n] j[l4 eO{ ?=@@ xhf/ !@( l;h{gf eP tfklg cfly{s j[l4b/ 36]sf] l:ylt 5 .
1.3 ;fj{hlgs C0fnfO{ s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] ## k|ltztdf ;Lldt /fVg] of]hgfsf] nIoleq}
@&=( k|ltztdf /x] tfklg ljsf; Joj:yfkg Ifdtf ;an gx'gfn] of]hgf cjlwdf j}b]lzs
cg'bfg / C0f ;xfotf ?=# va{ $! ca{ %( s/f]8 kl/rfng ug]{ nIosf] %#=$$ k|ltztn]
?=! va{ *@ ca{ %% s/f]8dfq kl/rfng x'g ;s]sf] 5 . d'n'ssf] ljsf;sf nflu /fli6«o
uf}/jsf cfof]hgf;lxt 7"nf k"jf{wf/hGo cfof]hgf ;~rfng eP tfklg ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog
cj:yf ;':t /x]sf] 5 . /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] tYofÍcg';f/ of]hgf cjlwdf k|If]lkt ah]6
?=!^ va{ !^ ca{ &% s/f]8sf] *$ k|ltztn] ?=!# va{ %* ca{ ^# s/f]8 vr{ ePsf]df
k'FhLuttkm{sf] l:y/ d"Nodf k|If]lkt ah]6 vr{ ?=# va{ @( ca{ (* s/f]8sf] &@=( k|ltzt
vr{ /x]sf] 5 . ut ljut jif{ em} of] jif{ nlIft ah]6sf] &#=#$ k|ltztn] s'n ;/sf/L vr{
?=^ va{ ! ca{ ! s/f]8 /x]sf] dWo] k'FhLut ah]6sf] %( k|ltztn] vr{ ?=! va{ @# ca{ @%
s/f]8 ePsf] 5 . sfg'gL hl6ntf, pknAw Ifdtfsf] plrt Joj:yfkg / lgsfox?aLr
;dGjosf] cefj tyf ;fj{hlgs hjfkmb]lxtf k|lt ljd'v x'gfsf sf/0f k'FhLut vr{
ck]Ifs[t Go"g /xg] u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} /fh:j Joj:yfkg / ;fj{hlgs If]qdf ul/Psf vr{df
klg ;fj{hlgs hjfkmb]lxtf / sfg'gsf] kfngfdf sdL tyf ljQLo ;'zf;g sfod gx'gfn]
of] jif{ ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] ljlgof]hg, /fh:j / w/f}6Lsf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 ?=** ca{ *%
s/f]8 %( nfv a]¿h" b]lvPsf] 5 . ;f] a]¿h" /sddWo] ?=$) ca{ $# s/f]8 *( nfv -
$%=%! k|ltzt_ c;'npk/ ug{'kg]{ a]¿h" /x]sf] 5 . o; cj:yfdf kl/rflnt ;|f]tsf] ;d'lrt
pkof]u gx'gfn] ck]Iffs[t k|ltkmn k|fKt ePsf] l:ylt 5}g . ;fy} gubdf cfwfl/t n]vfÍg
ul/Psf] vr{af6 dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{nosf] ljj/0fcg';f/ jiff{Gtdf lgsf;f ul/Psf]
k]ZsL ?=@@ ca{ @* s/f]8 / 6«fG;km/ ul/Psf] ?=@$ ca{ 36fpFbf jf:tljs vr{ ?=$^ ca{
@* s/f]8n] 36L x'g cfpF5 . o; l:yltdf cfly{s j[l4b/ cem sd x'g hfG5 .
1.4 g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf] tYofÍcg';f/ @)&#.&$ sf] df3 d;fGt;Dd ljQLo Joj:yf ;d]t s'n
ah]6sf] @(=*# k|ltztn] ?=# va{ !# ca{ #) s/f]8 vr{ ePsf] dWo] rfn' vr{ #*=#(
k|ltzt / k'FhLut vr{ !%=)% k|ltzt dfq /x]sf] 5 . ;f]df k]ZsL /sd s§f ubf{ jf:tfljs
k'FhLut vr{ k|ltzt cem sd x'g cfpF5 . rfn' jif{df Jofkf/ 3f6f al9/x]sf], ljk|]if0fsf]
cfk|jfxdf sdL cfO/x]sf] / shf{ of]Uo nufgL /sdsf] cefj ePsf] x'Fbf k'FhL lgdf{0fdf
lzlyntf cfpg ;Sg] tyf rfn' vftf art / zf]wfgfGt/ artdf sdL cfpg] l:ylt 5 .
;fy} ;|f]t kl/rfngsf] t'ngfdf ;/sf/L vr{ Joj:yfkg Ifdtf sdhf]/ x'gfsf sf/0f rfn'
jif{sf] df3 d;fGt;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] 9's'6Ldf gub df}Hbft ?=@ va{ ! ca{ ^! s/f]8
/x]sf] l:ylt 5 . d'›f:kmLlt tyf df}Hbft /sdsf] lgliqmo cjlw clws /xgfsf sf/0f ;f]sf]
jt{dfg d"Nodf pNn]vgLo x|f; cfpg] l:ylt /x]sf] 5 . ;du|df ljwdfg cfly{s l:ylt
cg';f/ ljQLo :yfloTj sfod ug{, ljQLo kx'Fr a9fpg, ljQLo Joj:yfkg ;an agfpg /
;f] If]qsf] lj:tf/af6 pRr cfly{s j[l4 xfl;n ug{ yk k|of; ug{'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLsf] cjnDag;Fu} ;fj{hlgs vr{sf] cfjZostf a9\g] b]lvG5 .
of] jif{ nIocg';f/ /fh:j ;Íng eP tfklg a9\bf] ;|f]tsf] cfjZostfnfO{ k"lt{ ug{
/fh:jsf] ;|f]t lbuf] x'g'kb{5 . cfoftdf cfwfl/t s/ /fh:jsf] k|wfgtf /x]sf] x'Fbf lbuf]
/fh:j j[l4sf nflu cfGtl/s j:t' jf ;]jfsf] pTkfbgdf j[l4 u/L d"No clej[l4 x'g] If]qaf6
cfGtl/s /fh:j k|flKt x'g] bfo/f lj:tf/ ug{' h¿/L /x]sf] 5 . To:t} d'n'snfO{ ;g\ @)@@
;Dddf ljsf;zLn /fi6«df / ;g\ @)#) ;Dddf lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox¿ xfl;n ub}{ dWod
cfDbfgL ePsf] /fi6«df :t/f]Ggltsf nflu pRr cfly{s j[ l4b/ xfl;n ug{ / lbuf] cfly{s
:yfloTjsf nflu s[lif / ag, phf{, ko{6g h:tf t'ngfTds nfe ePsf If]qsf]
Joj;foLs/0f / ljsf; ug{, k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fdf hf]8 lbg, :jb]zL / ljb]zL k'FhL nufgLdf
j[l4 ug{ sfg'gL Pj+ k|zf;lgs If]qdf ;d]t ;d;fdlos ;'wf/ ug{, ljk|]if0f cfonfO{ k'FhL
lgdf{0f If]qdf nufgL ug{, pknAw ;|f]t ;fwgsf] ;d'lrt kl/rfng ug{ sfg'gL Jojwfg /
k|lqmofd'vL hl6ntfnfO{ ;/n agfpg, ljsf; Joj:yfkgsf] Ifdtf a9fO{ k'FhLut vr{ ug]{
;fdYo{ clej[l4 ug{, hgzlQm / ;+:yfnfO{ s'zn tyf Joj;flos agfpg / ljsf;
of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog kIfnfO{ hjfkmb]xL u/fpg, tyf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]uaf6 k|efjsf/L
;]jf k|jfx ug{sf nflu tbg's"n ;'wf/sf sfo{ ug{'kb{5 .
2. cfo–Joo l:ylt – dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{nosf cg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ljut # jif{sf]
cfo–Joo l:ylt b]xfocg';f/ 5M
-?= s/f]8df_
@)&@.&#
ljj/0f @)&).&! oyfy+ @)&!.&@ oyfy+
cg'dfg oyfy+
s/ /fh:j 3,12,44 3,55,96 4,48,36 4,21,10
ck|ToIf s/ 2,27,71 2,43,50 3,21,11 2,90,54
k|ToIf s/ 84,73 1,12,46 1,27,25 1,30,56
u}/ s/ /fh:j 44,18 49,91 51,60 60,87
;fjf lkmtf{ 57 2,08 2,00 13,69
cGo 5,73 5,98 0 3,26
s'n /fh:j 3,62,92 4,13,93 5,01,96 4,98,92
j}b]lzs cg'bfg 34,00 38,27 1,10,93 39,54
j}b]lzs C0f 21,13 25,62 94,96 33,23
cfGtl/s C0f 19,98 42,42 88,00 87,59
s'n cfo 4,38,03 5,20,24 7,95,85 6,59,28
Joo
rfn" vr{ 3,03,53 3,39,41 4,84,27 3,71,29
k'FhLut vr{ 66,69 88,84 2,08,88 1,23,25
ljQLo vr{ 64,83 1,03,31 1,26,33 1,06,47
s'n Joo 4,35,05 5,31,56 8,19,47 6,01,01
art -Go"g_ 2,98 -11,32 -2363 58,27
ck|ToIf s/tk{m ?=# va{ @! ca{ c;'n ug]{ cg'dfg ePsf]df ?=@ va{ () ca{
cyf{t\ () k|ltzt dfq c;'n ePsf] 5 . k'FhLut vr{ ut jif{eGbf #( k|ltztn] a9]sf] eP
tfklg cg'dfg ?=@ va{ * ca{ ** s/f]8sf] t'ngfdf %( k|ltztdfq vr{ ePsf] 5 .
;/sf/L vr{sf] k|j[lQ / o;sf] ;+/rgf ljZn]if0f ubf{ s'n vr{df rfn' vr{, k'FhLut vr{ /
ljQLo vr{sf] lx:;f qmdzM ^!=&*, @)=%! / !&=&@ /x]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwL cGo Joxf]/f
b]xfodf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
2.1 ;/sf/L ah]6sf] k|d'v lx:;f /fi6«;]jssf] tna eQf tyf ;]jf lgj=Qsf] ;'ljwfdf vr+
ePsf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] lx:;f o;jif+ s'n vr+sf] @@-*) k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . pSt vr+ :yfgLo
lgsfo / cGo lgsfo, ;ldlt Pj_ af]8+nfO+ k|bfg ul/g] rfn' cg'bfgaf6 ;d]t Joxf]l/g]
u/]sf] b]lvG5 . s'n vr+df tL lgsfonfO+ lbg] rfn' cg'bfgsf] lx:;f !^-^( k|ltzt /x]af6

s'n vr+df /fi6«;]jssf] kfl/>lds tyf ;]jf lgj=Q ;'ljwf nufot pkef]u k|s=ltsf vr+sf]
lx:;f a9L /x]sf] 5 .
2.2 /fHosf] s'n vr+df ;fdflhs ;]jf cg'bfg @@-&^, :yfgLo lgsfo cg'bfg %-^# / ;fdflhs
;'/Iff cg'bfg #-!^ ;d]t #!-%^ k|ltzt cyf+t\ ?-! va+ () s/f]8 lgzt+ tyf ;zt+
cg'bfgdf vr+ x'g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm ;a} cg'bfg rfn' vr{df n]vfÍg ul/Psf] t/
k'FhLut k|of]hgsf] nflu ?=^* ca{ %$ s/f]8 lgsf;f lbPsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ rfn' tyf
k'FhLut vr{ oyf{yk/s gx'g] tyf ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ cg'bfg k|bfg u/] kZrft\ pkof]u
geP klg vr{ b]vfpg'kg{] cj:yf ljBdfg 5 .
2.3 k'_hLuttk+m ;jf/L;fwg vl/bsf] nflu ?-! ca+ (( s/f]8 @* nfv ah]6 ljlgof]hg
ePsf]df ?-@ ca+ @! s/f]8 (& nfv [ljlgof]hgeGbf !!-#( k|ltzt a9L{ vr+ ePsf] 5 .
pQm /sddf ;8s ljefu / vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO+ l8lehgn] slG6Gh]G;Laf6 o; jif+ vr+
u/]sf] ?-$) s/f]8 ^^ nfv ;dfj]z ubf+ ;f] k|ltzt ce}m a9\g] b]lvG5 .
 ah]6 Joj:yfkg
3. e}k/L zLif{saf6 vr{ – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #%-@_ df :jLs[t
ah]6leq / ;DalGwt vr{ zLif{sdf k5{ eg] dfq lgsf;f tyf vr{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;fy}
sfo{;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&) df ;fwf/0f k|zf;g zLif{saf6 ljlgof]hg ePsf] /sd
;DalGwt dGqfno;Fu ;DalGwt ah]6 pkzLif{sdf g} lgsf;f vr{ n]Vg] u/L lgsf;f lbg'kg]{
Joxf]/f ;d]t pNn]v 5 . cy{ dGqfnosf] @)&#.#.& sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ e}k/L cfpg] ;fwf/0f
k|zf;g zLif{saf6 g]kfn /fi6« a}Ídfk{mt cfly{s k'g?4f/ sf]if ;~rfng ug{ Aofh cg'bfg /
k'gs{hf{sf nflu sfo{qmd :jLs[t gePsf] tyf ah]6 klg :jLs[t gePsf] cj:yfdf e}k/L
zLif{saf6 ?=% ca{ vr{ n]v]sf] pko'Qm b]lvPg . pQm sf]ifsf] /sd xfn;Dd klg pkof]u
ePsf] 5}g .
4. cy+ ah]6 Y cfly+s sfo+ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #%[@{ df vr+ ug]+ jf vr+sf]
lgsf;f lbg] clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] /sd :jLs=t ah]6leq / ;DalGwt vr+ zLif+sdf k5+
eg]dfq lgsf;f lbg'kg]+ pNn]v 5 . ljlgof]hg P]gn] 5'6\ofPsf] /sd ;f]xL k|of]hgdf vr+
ug'+kg]+df ah]6df cy+ ah]6 zLif+sdf Psd'i6 ?-%^ ca+ ^^ s/f]8 (! nfv ljlgof]hg u/L
cfly+s ;xfotf, e|d0f eQf, eG;f/ dx;'n lkmtf+, s/ lkmtf+, ef}lts ;'ljwf, e"sDk
k'glg+df+0f nufotsf sfo+sf] nflu cy+ dGqfnoaf6 k6s] lg0f+osf cfwf/df yk ah]6
lgsf;f u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm /sd o; jif+ s'n ljlgof]lht ah]6 ?-* va+ !^ ca+ !&
s/f]8sf] ^-($ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . pQm lgsf;f /sddf ljleGg dGqfnodfkm+t /fli6\o
k'glg+df+0f sf]ifsf] nflu ?-%$ ca+ %) s/f]8, cfly+s ;xfotfsf] nflu ?-!* s/f]8 #%
nfv, ef}lts ;'ljwfcGtu+t cfk"lt+ dGqfnonfO+ ?-! s/f]8 @) nfv / kz'k_5L ljsf;
dGqfnosf nflu ?-# s/f]8 #% nfv lgsf;f lbPsf] 5 . ut jif+ ?-!# ca+ $^ s/f]8
lgsf;f ePsf] lyof] .

of] kl/kf6L a9\b} hfFbf sfo{qmd ah]6 sfof{Gjogdf ;d:of cfpg], cg'udgdf
sl7gfO x'g], ah]6sf] kf/blz{tf gx'g], clen]v tyf vr{ Joj:yfkgdf ;d:of kg]{ x'Fbf o;
k|sf/n] cy{ ah]6 vr{pk/ lgoGq0f ul/g'kb{5 . o:tf vr{ ah]6 cg'zf;gdf ;d]t c;/
ug]{ :ki6 5 . ;DalGwt sfo{qmd / zLif{sdf ljlgof]hg g} gug]{ jf sd ljlgof]hg u/L cy{
ah]6af6 lgsf;f lbg] kl/kf6Ln] ah]6 l;4fGt kfngf ePsf] 5}g .
5. vr{sf] cfsf/ j[l4 Y cfly{s sfo{+ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ## df jiff+Gtdf vr+
geO{ afFsL /x]sf] /sd lk|mh ug'+kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . cy{ dGqfnon] of] jif{ ah]6 lk|mh x'g
glbg] p2]Zon] vr{sf] cfsf/ a9fpg lgDgfg';f/ lgsf;f tyf vr{ n]v]sf] kfOof] . pQm vr{
/sd jif{sf] clGtd lbgdf ;DalGwt jf]8{, sf]if, k|flws/0f nufot cGo lgsfodf 6«fG;km/
u/L hDdf u/]sf] t/ pkof]u gePaf6 oyfy{df vr{ dfGg ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . o; k|sf/sf]
vr{af6 ah]6 vr{sf] cfsf/ ^=@) k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] 5 .
-? nfvdf_
;+:yf e'QmfgL ldlt ljj/0f lgsf;f vr{
sf7df8f}+ vfg]kfgL af]8{ 2073-3-20 sf]if :yfkgfsf] nflu ljljw vr{af6 50000
sf7df8f}+ vfg]kfgL af]8{ 2073-3-28 C0f nufgL 43481
g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f 2073-3-29 C0f nufgL 48799
g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f 2073-3-31 z]o/ nufgL ÷ljB't laqmLdf gf]S;fgL afkt 39677
/fli6«o k'gMlgdf{0f k|flws/0f 2073-3-31 vr{ ge} art /sd lk|mh gx'g] vftfdf 6«fG;km/ j}b]lzs 182600
g]kfnL ;]gf 2073-3-31 ;|f]t kl/jt{g u/L ^)@)@## af6 /sdfGt/ u/L 4097
kf6g :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fg 2073-3-31 ^)@@)@## af6 /sdfGt/ u/L 2000
gu/ ljsf; sf]if C0f nufgL 2167
s'n vr{ 372821
vr{ x'g g;Sg] cj:yfdf ah]6 vr{sf] cfsf/dfq a9fpg lk|mh gx'g] vftfdf /fVg]
k|of]hgsf] nflu lgsf;f lbg' plrt xf]Og . o;af6 ljQLo cg'zf;g pNnª\3g ePsf] 5 .
t;y{ P]g tyf lgodfjnLdf ePsf] Joj:yfsf] k'0f{kfngf x'g] u/L lgsf;f tyf vr{ n]Vg'kg{]
b]lvG5 .
6. /sdfGt/ Y ljlgof]hg P]gcg';f/ ljlgof]lht /sdsf] bz k|ltztdf ga9\g] u/L /sdfGt/
ug+ ;lsg] pNn]v 5 . ;fj+hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] sfg'gadf]lhd /sdfGt/ ug+ lgb]+zg
lbPsf]df dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof+noaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ b]xfosf @^ lgsfosf] z'?
ljlgof]lht ah]6sf] cf};tdf @(-^& k|ltzt;Dd /sdfGt/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
[?-nfvdf{
l;-g_- मन्त्रालय।निकायकोिाम शुरु बजेट रकमान्त्तरवाट थप थप प्रनतशत
1 भौनतक पूवााधार तथा यातायात मन्त्रालय 420218 117810 28.04
2 प्रधािमन्त्री तथा मन्त्न्त्रपररषद्को कायाालय 42361 73441 173.37
3 l;FrfO dGqfno 187847 34005 18.10
4 शहरी ववकास मन्त्रालय 186105 31126 16.72
5 रक्षा मन्त्रालय 30991 8248 26.61
6 परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालय 29901 5055 16.91
7 बान्त्िज्य तथा आपूनता मन्त्रालय 13101 4862 37.11
8 शान्त्न्त्त तथा पुिनिामााि मन्त्रालय 18675 4368 23.39
9 pmजाा मन्त्रालय 9278 3673 39.59
10 अथा मन्त्रालय 22462 2861 12.74
l;-g_- मन्त्रालय।निकायकोिाम शुरु बजेट रकमान्त्तरवाट थप थप प्रनतशत
11 सामान्त्य प्रशासि मन्त्रालय 7714 2783 36.08
12 प्रधािमन्त्री तथा मन्त्न्त्रपररषद्को कायाालय 9655 1478 15.31
13 न्त्शक्षा मन्त्रालय 1688 1155 68.42
14 लोक सेवा आयोग 4162 925 22.22
15 महान्त्यायानधवक्ताको कायाालय 1700 652 38.35
16 राष्ट्रपनतको कायाालय 2354 469 19.92
17 संववधाि सभा /व्यवस्थावपका संसस - 129 331 256.59
18 उपराष्ट्रपनतको कायाालय 13 271 2084.62
19 मवहला, बालबानलका तथा समाजकल्याि मन्त्रालय 1450 198 13.66
20 रावष्ट्रय योजिा आयोगको सन्त्िवालय 621 118 19.00
21 सामान्त्य प्रशासि मन्त्रालय 386 92 23.03
22 युवा तथा खेलकूस मन्त्रालय 25 91 364.00
23 लोक सेवा आयोग 575 78 13.57
24 कािूि न्त्याय, संववधािसभा तथा संससीय मानमला मन्त्रालय 47 52 110.64
25 न्त्याय पररषद् 9 41 445.56
जम्मा 991467 294183 29.67
/sdfGt/ ;DaGwL cGo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\M

6.1 cfly+s sfo+ljlw P]g ,@)%% sf] bkmf * df ljlgof]lht ah]6 art x'g] ePdf /sdfGt/ ug+
;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . ah]6 pklzif+s g_ ^)@!)^$ e}k/L cfpg] ljsf; sfo+qmddf z'? ah]6
?-% ca+ /x]sf]df /sdfGt/af6 yk u/L ?-( ca+ @% s/f]8 ## nfv ah]6 sfod ePsf]df
k'gM ?-( ca+ %# s/f]8 !( nfv /sdfGt/af6 36fP kZrft\ pQm zLif+sdf v'b ah]6
?-@& s/f]8 *^ nfv C0ffTds ePsf] b]lvof] .
6.2 cy+ dGqfnon] #& ah]6 pkzLif+sdf z'? ljlgof]lht ah]6 ?-^ ca+ % s/f]8 @^ nfv
ePsf]df k"/} /sd /sdfGt/ u/L 36fPaf6 ah]6 ljlgof]hg oyfy+k/s b]lvPg .
6.3 cfly+s sfo+ljlw lgodfjnL @)^$, sf] lgod ## [s{ df ;fntdfd x'g'eGbf & lbg cufl8
g} cfly+s sf/f]af/ aGb ug'+kg]+ Joj:yf ePklg s'n /sdfGt/ ?-! va+ ^^ ca+dWo] ?-@$
ca+ cyf+t\ !$-$^ k|ltzt /sdfGt/ jiff+Gtsf] & lbgdf u/]sf] kfOof] .
6.4 of] jif{ j}b]lzs z]o/ nufgLdf ah]6 ljlgof]hg g} gePsf]df e}k/L zLif{saf6 /sdfGt/ yk
u/L ?=&) s/f]8 ^* nfv z]o/ nufgLdf vr{ u/]sf] 5 .
P]g lgoddf ePsf k|fjwfg ljk/Lt ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug]+ Pj_ /sdfGt/ ug]+
kl/kf6Lpk/ lgoGq0f x'g'kb+5 .
7. vr{ Pj+ /fh:j cfDbfgL – of] jif{ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fn] a'emfpg'kg{]
Aofh ?=@) ca{ $) s/f]8dWo] g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)&#.#.@( df lbPsf] C0f nufgL
lgsf;faf6 ?=$ ca{ ** s/f]8 a'emfPsf] pNn]v u/L C0f nufgL vr{ / Aofh cfo
b]vfPsf] kfOof] . g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ltg{'÷a'emfpg'kg{] Aofh g]kfn ;/sf/n] g} ljlgof]hgaf6
C0f nufgL u/L Aofh cfh{g u/]sf] egL /fh:j c;'n ug'{ dgfl;a b]lvFb}g . pQm
sf/f]af/af6 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] vr{ Pj+ /fh:jsf] cfsf/dfq a9\g uPaf6 ;/sf/n] ;fj{hlgs
u/]sf] k|ltj]bg oyfy{k/s 5}g .

8. jiff{Gtdf vr{ Pj+ clVtof/L – dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{nosf] Psn sf]if vftfcg';f/ of]
jif{sf] s'n k'FhLut vr{ ?=! va{ @# ca{ @% s/f]8dWo] cfiff9 dlxgfdf dfq ?=%* ca{ $@
s/f]8 -$& k|ltzt_ vr{ ePsf] b]lvG5 . cy{ dGqfnon] cfly{s jif{sf] cGTodf 7"nf] /sd
yk lgsf;f lbg] / ;f] dWo]af6 sfof{nox?n] k]ZsL lbg], lk|mh gx'g] vftfdf 6«fG;km/ ug]{
k|j[lQ oyfjt\ /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL s]xL Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
8.1 cfly+s sfo+ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ##[s{ adf]lhd ;fntdfd x'g'eGbf & lbg
cufj} cfly+s sf/f]af/ aGb ug'+kg]+ Joj:yf /x]klg dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof+noaf6 k|fKt
ljj/0fcg';f/ s'n ljlgof]lht ah]6 ?-^ va+ ! ca+dWo] ? *& ca+ cyf+t\ !$-$& k|ltzt
vr+ cfly+s jif+sf] clGtd & lbgdf u/]sf] kfOof] . o;/L x'g] vr+sf] pknlaw Go"g x'g hfG5 .
t;y+ sfg'gsf]kfngf ul/g'kb+5 .
8.2 ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfnosf] s'n vr{ ?=#& ca{ !# s/f]8dWo] t];|f] rf}dfl;sdf
?=@* ca{ (# s/f]8 -&&=(@ k|ltzt_ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] cfiff9 dlxgfdf dfq ?=!*
ca{ #* s/f]8 -$(=$( k|ltzt_ vr{ ePsf] 5 .
8.3 ;z:q k|x/L an, k|wfg sfof{non] k'FhLut vr{sf] Psd'i6 clVtof/L glbO{ z'?df ?=!$
nfvsf] clVtof/L lbPsf]df k6s k6s u/L ?=%$ s/f]8 %! nfv sfod u/]sf] Pj+ /Iff
dGqfnon] k'glg{df{0f sfo{sf] nflu ?=$! s/f]8sf] clVtof/L @)&#.!.@$ df lbPsf] 5 .
8.4 lzIff dGqfnon] cy+ dGqfnosf] @)&#.#.@) sf] lg0f+oaf6 /sdfGt/ u/L ?-@( s/f]8 (*
nfv ljBfno ejg lgdf+0f / sIffsf]7f yk, d]l;g pks/0f vl/b, sDKo'6/, lj1fg
k|of]uzfnf, zf}rfno / sDkfp08jfn, v]n d}bfg lgdf+0f / ;f]nf/ h8fg nufot sfo+sf]
clVtof/L ^* lhNnf lzIff sfof+nonfO+ @)&#.#.@! df lbPsf] 5 . o;/L cfly+s jif+sf]
clGtd ;dodf cg'bfg /sd vr+ u/L ;DalGwt ljBfnosf] vftfdf hDdf ul/P klg o;
jif+ tf]lsPsf] sfd ;DkGg ug+ ;Dej g} g/x]sf] cj:yfdf clVtof/L k|bfg ul/g' /
ljBfnosf] vftfdf /sd hDdf u/]s} cfwf/df ztk|ltzt ef}lts tyf ljQLo k|ult
b]vfPsf] pko'Qm b]lvPg .
cfiff9 dlxgfdf a9L vr+ ePsf], vr+sf] cfsf/ a9fpg jiff+Gtdf sf]if tyf af]8+
nufotdf /sd 6\fG;km/ u/]sf], tf]lsPsf] ;LdfeGbf a9L /sdfGt/ u/]sf], e}k/L / cy+
ah]6 zLif+saf6 /sdfGt/ u/L vr+ ug]+ u/]sf]n] ah]6 cg'zf;g sdhf]/ b]lvG5 . ;fy}
ah]6 cg'zf;g sfod ug+ g]kfn ;/sf/n] uDeL/tf b]vfO+ ljQLo pQ/bfloTj ;DaGwL
sfg'g tof/ u/L sfof+Gjog ug'+kb+5 .
 C0f Pj_ ;xfotf
9. ;dli6ut C0f Y sfof+non] k]; u/]sf] ljj/0fdf @)&@.&# ;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s'n C0f
bfloTj ?-^ va+ @& ca+ &( s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . h;dWo] cfGtl/s C0f ?-@ va+ #( ca+ #
s/f]8 / j}b]lzs C0f ?-# va+ ** ca+ &^ s/f]8 /x]sf] b]lvG5 . To;}u/L @)&@.&# sf]
s'n ufx+:y pTkfbgsf] @&-(@ k|ltzt s'n C0f bfloTj /x]sf] 5 . h;df cfGtl/s C0f
!)-^# k|ltzt / j}b]lzs C0f !&-@( k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . s'n hg;_Vof @ s/f]8 *# nfv
^( xhf/nfO+ cfwf/ dfGbf of] jif+;Dddf k|ltJolQm s'n C0f bfloTj ?-@@ xhf/ !@(
/x]sf] 5 .
10. j}b]lzs ;xfotf Y j}b]lzs C0f tyf cg'bfg k|flKt ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/
5g\M
10.1 o; jif+sf] j}b]lzs cg'bfg ?-! va+ !) ca+ (# s/f]8 / j}b]lzs C0f ?-($ ca+ (^
s/f]8 ;d]t ?-@ va+ % ca+ *( s/f]8 vr+ Joxf]l/g] u/L ah]6 ljlgof]hg ePsf]df j}b]lzs
cg'bfgtkm+ ?-#( ca+ %$ s/f]8 !& nfv / j}b]lzs C0ftkm+ ?-## ca+ @@ s/f]8 *# nfv
;d]t ?-&@ ca+ && s/f]8 vr+ ePsf] b]lvof] . o; jif+ ah]6 jQmJodf cg'dfg ul/Psf]
j}b]lzs C0f cg'bfg /sdsf] ;du|df #%-#$ k|ltztdfq pkof]u ePsf] b]lvG5 .
10.2 s[lif, l;FrfO / ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnocGtu{t ljleGg j}b]lzs bft[
lgsfosf] cg'bfg Pj+ C0f ;xof]usf !@ cfof]hgfdf j}b]lzs ;xfotf k|fKt x'g] u/L
;Demf}tf ePsf]df C0f pkof]usf] cj:yf b]xfodf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
-/sd ?= nfvdf_
cfof]hgf cfof]hgf s'n ;Demf}tf vr{
l;=g+= cfof]hgfsf] gfd bft[ lgsfo hDdf vr{
cjlw Joltt jif{ /sd k|ltzt
1. ;fgf tyf demf}nf s[ifs cfo:t/ j[l4 cfof]hgf P=8L=aL= 8 6 25920 10217 39.42
2. Joj;flos s[lif tyf Jofkf/ cfof]hgf+ ljZj a}Í 9 7 60000 26480 44.13
3. hnjfo' k|sf]k ;d'Tyfg lgdf{0f cfof]hgf ljZj a}Í 5 3 5154 2933 56.91
4. s[lif tyf vfB ;'/Iff cfof]hgf ljZj a}Í 5 3 49300 25373 51.47
5. ls;fgsf nflu pGgt aLp lahg sfo{qmd cfO{kmf8 7 4 47760 11916 24.95
6. l;FrfO tyf hn;|f]t Joa:yfkg cfof]hgf ljZj a}Í 4 2 62010 18167 29.30
7. hn;fwg of]hgf tof/L ;'ljwf cfof]hgf PlzofnL lasf; a}Í 7 4 14729 5467 37.12
8. /fgLhd/f s'nl/of l;FrfO cfof]hgf ljZj a}Í 7 6 52298 22247 42.54
9. /fli6\o u|fdL0f oftfoft ;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{qmd ljZj a}Í 5 3 174786 31227 17.87
10. ;fd'bflos l;FrfO cfof]hgf Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}Í 7 6 36597 17464 47.72
11. ljs]lGb|t u|fdL0f k"jf{wf/ tyf hLljsf]kfh{g Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}Í 5.33 5 71320 50419 70.69
12. :yfgLo zf;g tyf ;fd'bflos lasf; sfo{qmd Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}Í nufot
4 3 109136 75134 68.84
!!
;Demf}tfadf]lhd cfofhgf cjlwsf] %) b]lv ($ k|ltzt ;do JotLt x'Fbf !&=*&

b]lv &)=^( k|ltztdfq C0f cg'bfg pkof]u ePsf] b]lvPsf]n] cfof]hgf cjlwdf ;Dk"0f{
/sd vr{ eO{ lgwf{l/t nIo xfl;n ug{ sl7g x'g] b]lvG5 . t;y{ ;Demf}tf cjlwd} sfo{
;DkGg ug'{kb{5 .
11. cg'bfg zf]wegf+ Y ut jif+;Dd cg'bfgtkm+ zf]wegf+ lng ?-@! ca+ @% s/f]8 af_sL /x]sf]df
o; jif+ zf]wegf+ k|fKt ug]+ u/L vr+ ePsf] ?-@% ca+ !@ s/f]8 ;d]t hDdf zf]wegf+ x'g'kg]+
?-$^ ca+ #& s/f]8dWo] of] jif+ zf]wegf+ k|fKt tyf lx;fa ldnfg ?-@# ca+ *% s/f]8 #$
nfv eO+ jiff+Gtdf ?-@@ ca+ %! s/f]8 && nfv af_sL /x]sf] 5 . ut jif+sf] t'ngfdf
zf]wegf+ x'g af_sL cg'bfg %-(^ k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf cGo Joxf]/f
lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
11.1 cg'bfgtkm+ zf]wegf+ x'g af_sL /sd a9L /x]sf b]xfosf % dGqfnosf] ?-!( ca+ @% s/f]8
b]lvG5 . pQm /sd zf]wegf+ lng af_sL cg'bfg /sdsf] *%-$( k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .

-? nfvdf_
l;-g_- dGqfno ut cf-j-;Ddsf] o; cf-j-;Ddsf]
1. lzIff dGqfno 14,03,04 !#,#$,^^
2. ;_3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno 3,07,30 @,$^,&%
3. k|wfgdGqL tyf dGqLkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 37,17 !,%!,@*
4. s=lif ljsf; dGqfno 93,85 1,19,45
5. :jf:Yo tyf hg;_Vof dGqfno (10,16) 73,02
hDdf 18,31,20 19,25,16
o;/L zf]wegf+ lng af_sL /sd zf]wegf+ gx'_bf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;|f]tdf Jooef/
a9\g] x'gfn] oyf;dod} zf]wegf+ k|fKt ug'+kb+5 .
11.2 dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof+noaf6 k]; ePsf] ljj/0fdf @@ of]hgfdf zf]wegf+ x'g af_sL ?-!@
ca+ ^% s/f]8 !* nfv C0ffTds b]lvPsf]df sf/0f v'nfPsf] 5}g . aGb eO;s]sf
cfof]hgfsf] ;d]t C0ffTds lx;fa x'_bf s'n zf]wegf+ x'g af_sL /sd 36\g uO+ af_sL
/sdsf] oyfy+ lx;fa k|:t't x'g ;s]g . o:tf] lx;fa oyf;dod} ldnfg ul/g'kb+5 .
12. C0f zf]wegf+ Y ut ljut jif+ j}b]lzs C0f zf]wegf+ x'g] u/L vr+ ePsf] ?-* ca+ ^& s/f]8
(% nfv zf]wegf+ lng af_sL /x]sf]df of] jif+sf] vr+ ?-@) ca+ @& s/f]8 () nfv ;d]t
zf]wegf+ x'g'kg]+ ?-@* ca+ (% s/f]8 *% nfv ePsf]df ?-!$ ca+ ^% s/f]8 #$ nfv k|fKt
ePsf] tyf # s/f]8 @! nfv lx;fa ldnfg eO+ jiff+Gtdf ?-!$ ca+ ## s/f]8 &@ nfv af_sL
b]lvPsf] 5 .
C0f zf]wegf+ af_sL /sd ut jif+eGbf ^%-!* k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 . C0f zf]wegf+ a9L
af_sL /x]sf dGqfnox?df cy+ dGqfnosf] ?-!# ca+ @^ s/f]8 *& nfv, ;_3Lo dfldnf tyf
:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ?-! ca+ ^& s/f]8 @! nfv / l;_rfO dGqfnosf] ?-! ca+ @@
s/f]8 ^^ nfv /x]sf] 5 . zf]wegf+ af_sL /sd ;dodf g} lkmtf+ lng] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb+5 .
13. k|fljlws tyf cGo ;xfotf – ah]6 jQmJo;fy Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf k]; u/]sf]] k|fljlws
tyf cGo ;xfotf ;DaGwL ljj/0fdf b]xfosf @) dGqfnocGtu{t !## ;Demf}tfdf of] jif{
?=@% ca{ #( s/f]8 & nfv k|fljlws ;xfotf k|fKt x'g] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . cfly{s sfo{ljlw
P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf !$-@_ cg';f/ k|fljlws ;xfotf ;DaGwL ljj/0f s]Gb|Lo cfly{s
ljj/0fdf ;dfj]z ug{'{kg]{df gu/]sf]n] ;/sf/sf] ;du| cfoJoosf] lrq0f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltaf6 k|fljlws ;xfotfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg lgb]{zg lbPsf] eP
tfklg tL ;xfotfsf] cfly{s ljj/0f Pj+ ;|]:tf k]; u/L n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf] 5}g .

-?= xhf/df_
qm-;_- lgsfo/dGqfno ;Demf}tf ;_Vof jflif+s k|fKt x'g'kg]+
1 ;jf]+Rr cbfnt 1 717,455
2 /fli6\o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u 1 797,500
3 cy+ 3 1,061,409
4 pBf]u, 3 954,779
5 s=lif ljsf; 12 948,718
6 pmhf+ 4 156,545
7 u=x 3 433,235
8 lj1fg,k|ljlw tyf aftfj/0f 18 1,013,367
9 dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f 1 11,200
10 e'ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf 1 40,700
11 jg tyf e"Y;_/If0f 13 1,424,087
12 jfl0fHo cfk"lt+ 3 349,392
13 lzIff 17 7,658,567
14 ;_:s=lt,ko+6g tyf gful/s p8\8og 1 39,110
15 zflGt tyf k''glgdf+0f 3 218,906
16 ;x/L ljsf; 4 115,438
17 ;_l3o dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; 23 7,324,290
18 :jf:yo tyf hg;_Vof 17 1,771,468
19 /fli6\o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno 1 243,371
20 >d tyf /f]huf/ 4 111,181
hDdf 133 25,390,718
cGo ;xfotf ;DaGwdf b]xfocg';f/ b]lvPsf] 5M

13.1 ef/tLo ;xof]u sfo{qmd cGtu{t ljBfno ejg lgdf{0f nufotsf sfo{sf nflu ef/tLo
;/sf/af6 pbok'/, uf]/vf, dsjfgk'/, sf7df8f}+, c5fd / afh'/f lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
dfk{mt ?=% s/f]8 #! nfv vr{ u/]sf]df ljlgof]hg ah]6df ;dfj]z u/]sf] b]lvPg .
13.2 cfk"lt{ dGqfnodf e"sDkkLl8tsf] ;xof]ufy{ rLg ;/sf/af6 %) nfv lrlgof o"ofg
a/fa/sf] !) xhf/ yfg OG8S;g r'nf] / !) nfv lrlgof o"ofg a/fa/sf] !) 6g g'g, !)
6g t]n, #) 6g rfdn ;d]t g]kfnL ?kofF ? ( s/f]8 #) nfvsf] j:t'ut ;xfotf k|fKt
ePsf] 5 . k|fKt ;xfotfdWo] g'g, t]n / rfdn vfB k|ljlw tyf u'0f lgoGq0f ljefun]
k/LIf0f ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] dfkb08 adf]lhd g'g / rfdn vfgof]Uo b]lvP tfklg
t]ndf Pl;8sf] dfqf )=% k|ltzteGbf a9L x'g gx'g]df !=@^ b]lv !=$! k|ltzt;Dd
ePsfn]] vfg of]Uo gePsf] k|ltj]bg lbPsf] 5 . OG8S;g r'Nxf]sf] ;DaGwdf eG;f/ dx;'n
/ d"No clej[l4s/ e'QmfgL ug{ g];gn 6«]l8ª lnld6]8nfO{ ?=@ s/f]8 %) nfv cg'bfg
lbPsf]df xfn;Ddsf] 8]d/]h z'Ns ?=! s/f]8 a'emfpg afFsL /x]sf]n] eG;f/ uf]bfdd} /x]sf] 5 .
o;af6 e"sDkkLl8tn] nfe k|fKt gu/]sf]n] ;dod} plrt Joj:yfkg ug{'kb{5 .
j}b]lzs C0f Pj+ cg'bfgsf] oyf;dodf zf]wegf{ k|fKt ug]{ / j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf]
pkof]u Ifdtf j[l4 ug'{kb{5 . ;fy} ;a} k|sf/sf j}b]lzs ;xfotf ah]6df ;dfj]z u/L
n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kb{5 .
 ;l~rt sf]ifsf] n]vf
14. ;l~rt sf]if Y sfof+non] k]; u/]sf] ;l~rt sf]ifsf] k|flKt / e'QmfgLsf] cj:yf lgDgfg';f/
5M
[?- nfvdf{
36 a9
ljj/0f cf-j- @)&@.&# cf-j- @)&!.&@ k|ltzt
k|flKt
!- /fh:j tyf cg'bfg 5282884 4493417 17.57
s- /fh:j 4852396 4119590 17.79
v- cg'bfg 430488 373827 15.16
@- ljQLo Joj:yf 1287088 648814 98.38
s- C0f nufgL lkmtf+ 136940 20815 557.89
v- z]o/ laqmL
u- j}b]lzs C0f k|flKt 274267 204323 34.23
3- cfGtl/s C0f k|flit 875881 42367^ 106.73
hDdf 6569973 5142231 27.77
e'QmfgL
!- rfn' jif+sf] e'QmfgL 4945463 4280328 15.54
s- ;l~rt sf]if dfly Jooef/ x'g] /sddf
vr+ 87630 93348 -6.13
v- ljlgof]hg P]gAf/f ePsf] vr+ 4857833 418^980 16.02
@- ljQLo Joj:yf cGtu+tsf] e'QmfgL 1064671 1033072 3.06
s- ;l~rt sf]if dfly Jooef/ x'g] /sddf
vr+ 689497 644578 6.97
v- ljlgof]hg P]g 4f/f ePsf] vr+ 375174 388494 -3.43
#- sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof+noaf6 vr+
ePsf] t/ a}_saf6 e'QmfgL gePsf] vr+
;dfof]hg -580 -808 -28.22
hDdf 6009554 5312592 13.12
$- ut jif+sf] 5'6 e'QmfgL
gubdf kl/jt+g 560418 -170361 428.96
cf-j- sf] z'?sf] df}Hbft -786944 -615759 -27.80
cf-j- sf] clGtd df}Hbft -226526 -786120 71.18
cfGtl/s C0f ut jif+ ?-$@ ca+ #^ s/f]8 &^ nfv lnPsf]df of] jif+ !)^
k|ltztn] j=l4 eO+ ?-*& ca+ %* s/f]8 *! nfv /x]sf] 5 . j}b]lzs C0f / cg'bfg ut
jif+{eGbf qmdzM #$-@# / !%-!^ k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf cGo Joxf]/f
lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
14.1 ut jif+sf] t'ngfdf C0f nufgL lkmtf+ of] jif+ %-%& u'0ff j=l4 eO+ ?-!# ca+ ^( s/f]8
k'u]sf] 5 . ;f] dWo] g]kfn cfon lgudsf] dfq ?-!@ ca+ ^$ s/f]8 cyf+t\ (@ k|ltzt
C0fsf] ;f_jf lkmtf+ /x]sf] 5 .
14.2 k|rlnt P]g sfg'gsf] Joj:yf cg'?k ;/sf/L n]vf gub cfwf/df n]vfsg ul/g] Joj:yf 5 .
t/ ;l~rt sf]ifsf] jflif+s df}Hbft C0ffTds b]lvPsf] 5 . of] jif+ ?-%^ ca+ $ s/f]8 !*
nfv art x'g uO+ ?-@@ ca+ ^% s/f]8 @^ nfv C0ffTds df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 . gubdf

cfwfl/t k|0ffnL cjnDag u/L tof/ u/]sf] ljQLo ljj/0fdf C0ffTds df}Hbft b]lv_bf
ljQLo ljj/0fn] oyfy+tf lrq0f u/]sf] b]lv_b}g .
14.3 ;l~rt sf]ifsf] cfly+s ljj/0fdf afxo C0f ?-@& ca+ $@ s/f]8 ^& nfv cfDbfgL
b]vfPsf] 5 . g]kfn /fi6\ a}sn] k|:t't u/]sf] s]Gb|Lo 6\]h/L lx;fadf j}b]lzs C0f k|flKt
?-@( ca+ && s/f]8 #% nfv b]vfPsf]n] g]kfn /fi6\ a}ssf] 6\]h/L lx;fa;_u sfof+non] k];
u/]sf] C0f /sd ?-@ ca+ #$ s/f]8 ^* nfv km/s k/]sf] 5 .
14.4 ;l~rt sf]ifsf] cfly+s ljj/0fdf j}b]lzs cg'bfg cGtu+t ?-$# ca+ $ s/f]8 ** nfv
cfDbfgL b]vfPsf] dWo] k|ToIf cg'bfg / j:t'ut ;xfotfafx]ssf] ?-#@ ca+ $& s/f]8 &)
nfv / g]kfn /fi6\ a}sn] b]vfPsf] ?-#( ca+ &* s/f]8 #@ nfv cg'bfg lx;faaLr ?-&
ca+ #) s/f]8 ^@ nfv km/s b]lvPsf] 5 .
14.5 dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof+non] ;l~rt sf]ifsf] lx;fasf] 9f_rf tof/ u/L dxfn]vfk/LIfssf]
sfof+noaf6 :jLs=t u/fPsf] 5}g . t;y+ sfof+non] k|rlnt P]g, lgod Pj_ c;n cEof;nfO+
cfwf/ lnO+ ;l~rt sf]ifsf] 9f_rf tof/ u/L dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof+noaf6 :jLs=t
u/fpg'kb+5 .
pko'+Qm ;DaGwdf ;fj+hlgs n]vf;ldltjf6 ;l~rt sf]ifsf] 9f_rf tof/ u/L ;'dmfj
cg';f/ ug]+, df}Hbft olsg ug]+, km/s k/]sf] lx;fasf] nflu l/slG;lnP;g u/L #
dlxgfleq lx;fa k]; ug]+ lgb]+zg ePsf]df ;f]sf] kfngf ePsf] 5}g .
;/sf/L n]vf 9f_rfdf cfjZostfg';f/ kl/dfh+hg Pj_ ;'wf/ u/L g]kfn /fi6\ a}ssf]
lx;fa;_u ldnfg ug'+ cfjZos 5 .
 /fh:j 5'6
15. 5'6 Pj+ ;'ljwf — cfly+s P]g, @)&@ sf] bkmf !* n] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO+ sfg'gadf]lhdsf] b:t'/,
z'Ns, dx;'n / s/sf b/x? 36fpg a9fpg jf cf_lzs jf k"0f+ 5'6 lbg;Sg] Joj:yf
u/]sf]] 5 . d"No clej=l4 s/ P]g, cGtMz'Ns P]g tyf eG;f/ P]gadf]lhd tf]lsPsf b/aGbLdf
nfUg] s/ dx;'n cfly+s P]gn] 5'6 lbg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;fj+hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] ldlt
@)&#.#.#! df 5'6 lbg] Joj:yfnfO+ lgoGq0f ub}+hfg], cGt/fli6\o Joj:yfcg';f/ /fh:j 5'6sf]
n]vfsg ug]+ / 5'6sf] cg'udg k|efjsf/L agfpg] lgb]+zg lbPsf] 5 . o:tf] 5'6 cf-j- @)&).&!
b]lv qmdzM ?-#* ca+ @& s/f]8, ?-$( ca+ ! s/f]8 / ?-%! ca+ #! s/f]8 ;d]t # jif+df ?-!
va+ #* ca+ %( s/f]8 /fh:j 5'6 lbPsf] b]lvG5 . tLg jif+sf] cjlwdf /fh:j 5'6 /sd #$
k|ltztn] j=l4 ePsf] 5 . o:tf] /fh:j 5'6sf] k|efj d"Nofsg ;d]t u/]sf] 5}g . o;jif+ /fh:j
5'6 lbPsf] l:ylt b]xfocg';f/ 5M

-?= nfvdf_
qm- 5'6 ePsf] qm- 5'6 lbPsf]
5'6sf] k|of]hg 5'6sf] k|of]hg
;_- /fh:j ;_- /fh:j
s=lif tyf kz' hGo pTkfbg, x\ofr/L /
1. 117724 2. /f;folgs dn 55178
lrof pBf]u
cf}iflw Pj_ sL6gfzs cf}iflw / cf}iflwsf]
3 53618 4 bfgf pBf]un] cfoft ug]+ sRrf kbfy+ 41852
sRrf kbfy+
5 ldn d]l;g/L 34324 6 ;'g, rf_bL 25230
g]kfnL ;]gf, k|x/L nufotsf ;/sf/L / ljB't ljsf; ljefusf] l;kmfl/;df ljB't
7 34181 8 24065
cGo lgsfo pTkfbg pks/0f kf6+;
9 PnkLhL Uof;, g"g, skf; / k-lg-;fwg, 22036 10 c:ktfn / ;fdflhs ;_3 ;_:yf 21585
h]g]/]6/, /]kl;8, y|];/, xof/f], klDku ;]6
11 ;fKf\m6f 5'6 16164 11 12865
nufotsf s=lif pks/0f
12 xjfOhxfhsf P_j kf6+;x? 10382 13 ;f]nf/ aof6\L / cGo 7995
14 ljb]zL ;xfotfdf ;~rflnt cfof]hgf, 6539 15 s6g ;f/L, n'_uL, l;Gb'/ l6s'nL, r'/f 6394
l;d]t06[xfHdf{,
ljB' Lo ;jf/L lSns/
;fwg, ;jf/L;fwg, bdsn
16 5323 17 t]n ldnn] cfoft ug]+ sRrf t]n 5111
PDa'n]G;, zjjfxg,
5kfOsf lstfa / lk|G6 d]6]l/on, Go'h sRrf h'6 / h'6ldnsf :k]o/ kf6+; / h'6
18 4493 19 3838
lk|G6 k]k// a}s gf]6 ldnsf] hu]8f kf6+;
un}rf pBf]usf] kmfOj/, dfgj lgld+t kLeL;L lkmNd, aLcf]kLkL lkmNd, lkmn/
20 3313 21 660
kmfOj/ ;d]t / sl:d/L ofg+ / s6g ofg+ dfi6/ Jofr
xf]6nn] :t/ j=l4 ug+ k}7f/L ug]+ dfnj:t',
22 rnlrq ljsf; jf]8+sf] l;kmfl/;df l;g]df 210 hDdf 513080
pBf]un] k}7f/L ug]+ dfnj:t'
cfoYJoo ljj/0fsf] cleGg cusf] ?kdf /fh:j 5'6sf] /sdut ljj/0f / ;f]sf] k|efj
d"Nofsg ah]6 jStJo;_u} k]; ug]+ cGt/f+li6\o c;n cEof; /x]sf] 5 . /fh:j 5'6sf] pQm
ljj/0fdf eG;f/, d"No clej=l4 s/ / cGtMz'Ns 5'6 lbPsf] sf/0f ;f] 5'6n] /fh:jdf x'g uPsf]
sdLsf] /sdut clen]v cy+ dGqfnon] tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . o;;DaGwL cGo k|d'v Joxf]/f lgDg
5g\M
15.1 d"No clej=l4 s/ P]g,@)%@ sf] cg';"rL ! cGtu+t ;d"x !! df cw+ lgld+t?ksf jf
w'nf]?ksf ;'g / ;'gsf u/uxgfdf d"No clej=l4 s/ 5'6 x'g] Joj:yf 5 . o;
;'ljwfcGtu+t utjif+ ?-! ca+ ($ s/f]8 /fh:j 5'6 ePsf]df o; jif+ ? %& s/f]8 $(
nfv [29.51 k|ltzt{ j=l4 eO+ ?-@ ca+ %@ s/f]8 /fh:j 5'6 ePsf] 5 . o:tf
ljnfl;tfsf ;fdfgdf ;d]t /fh:j 5'6 lbPsf] ;DaGwdf k'g/fjnf]sg x'g'kb+5 .
15.2 cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf vfBfGg ;:tf] ;'ne d"Nodf cfk"lt+ Joj:yf ldnfpg s=lif tyf
kz'hGo pTkfbgdf /fh:j 5'6 lbg], z'Ns, dx;'n c;'n gug]+ Joj:yfcg';f/ o; jif+ s=lif
tyf kz'hGo pBf]u, x\ofr/L / lrof pBf]un] k}7f/L u/]sf dfnj:t'df ?-!! ca+ && s/f]8
/fh:j 5'6 ePsf] 5 . pQm 5'6sf] sf/0fn] :jb]zL s=lif tyf kz'hGo pTkfbgdf k/]sf]
k|efj cWoog ePsf] 5}g .
15.3 cfly{s P]g @)&@ adf]lhd ;fk\m6f 5'6 x'g] dfnj:t'x? ;fs{ d'n'sdf pTkfbg eO{ ;f]xL
d'n'saf6} pTklQsf] k|df0fkq;lxt k}7f/L ePdf cf+lzs dx;'n 5'6 x'g] Joj:yf 5 . ;f]
Joj:yfadf]lhd ljleGg eG;f/ sfof{noaf6 of] jif{ ?=! ca{ ^! s/f]8 ^$ nfv /fh:j 5'6
ePsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] o; k|sf/sf] 5'6sf] sf/0f :jb]zL pBf]udf kg]{ k|efjsf] d"Nofsg
xfn;Dd u/]sf] 5}g . ;fs+ If]qsf d'n'saLr ePsf] ;fˆ6f ;Ddmf}tfsf] k|fjwfgaf6 d'n'sn]
nfe lng k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtf clej[l4 ug'{ cfjZos 5 . o;/L ;fˆ6f 5'6sf ;fdfgsf]
cfoft lgof{t ;DaGwdf lj:t[t cWoog u/L d'n'ssf] lxt ;+/If0f ug{ ;fˆ6f;DaGwL a}7sdf
kxn ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
15.4 cfly{s P]g, @)&@ df bfgf pBf]un] k}7f/L ug]{ ds}, e6df;sf] lkgf nufotsf dfnj:t'df
eG;f/ tyf d"No clej[l4 s/ 5'6 lbg] Joj:yf 5 . h;cg';f/ of] jif{ ?=$ ca{ !* s/f]8
%@ nfv /fh:j 5'6 ePsf] 5 . /fh:j 5'6df cfoft ePsf tL dfnj:t'x? kz'k+5Lsf] bfgf
agfpg] k|of]hgdf g} pkof]u ePsf] cfZj:t x'g] cj:yf 5}g .
/fh:j 5'6sf] ljj/0f tof/ u/L o:tf] 5'6sf sf/0fn] ;du| cy+tGqdf k/]sf] k|efjsf]
n]vfhf]vf u/L ah]6;_u} Joj:yflksfY;_;bdf k]; ug'+kb+5 .
 k'FhLut nfes/
16. nfes/ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf @-sb_-#_,@-b_ / @-sª_ cg';f/ u}/Jofj;flos
s/of]Uo ;DklQ lg;u{ ug]{ ljb]zL nufgLstf{ :yfoL ;+:yfkg x'g], bkmf ^&-^_-7_-@_ cg';f/
g]kfndf ;~rflnt lqmofsnfk;Fu ;DalGwt e'QmfgLdf ;|f]tsf] cfwf/df s/ bflvnf
ug'{kg]{, bkmf #% cg';f/ s/d'lQm of]hgfsf] efusf] ?kdf ul/Psf] jf ug{ vf]lhPsf] s'g}
k|aGw jf k|aGwsf] s'g} efunfO{ k'gM rfl/qLs/0f ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . t/ g]kfnsf]
b"/;~rf/ If]qdf nufgL ug]{ Ps ljb]zL nufgLstf{sf] z]o/ :jfldTj laqmL u/]sf] ;DaGwdf
oL cj:yf ljBdfg x'Fbfx'Fb} pQm s/bftfn] tL bkmf cg';f/ cfo ljj/0f bflvnf gu/]sf] /
ljleGg b]zdf dWo:y lgsfo v8f u/L ck|ToIo ?kdf lgoGq0f sfod ub}{ s/ 5Ng] k|aGw
u/]sf] kfOof] . 7"nf s/bftf sfof{non] klg P]gsf] bkmf (^-%_ adf]lhd s'g} JolQmn]
clglZrt ;dosf nflu g]kfn 5f]8\g] ePdf, g]kfndf ul//x]sf] sfo{ 5f]8\g nfu]df jf
ljefun] cGoyf pko'Qm ;Dem]df P]gsf] bkmf !)) cg';f/ Gofof]lrt cfwf/df ;+zo s/
lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg] pNn]v eP klg ;f]cg';f/ u/]sf] 5}g . g]kfnsf] b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfos
Ps k|f=ln=n] lgoGq0f kl/jt{gsf] cfwf/df bkmf %& cg';f/ cfo ljj/0f k]; ul/;s]sf]
b]lvG5 . oL ;a} cj:yfdf ;d]t ljefuaf6 pQm ljb]zL nufgLstf{sf] cfo ljj/0f k];
u/fO{ s/ c;'n u/fpg ;lqmotf b]vfPsf] kfOPg . k|fKt ;"rgf tyf sfuhftsf] cfwf/df
k/LIf0f ubf{ o;;DaGwL b]lvPsf Joxf]/f b]xfocg';f/ 5g\M
16.1 g]kfndf b"/;~rf/ Joj;fo ug]{ pQm k|f=ln=df /x]sf] lxt lg;u{ x'Fbf @)&@ r}q @( df g]6
jy{ ?=&@ ca{ $^ s/f]8 @$ nfv / l/he{ ?=&@ ca{ #^ s/f]8 @# nfv b]lvG5 . v'b
k'FhLut ;DklQ ?=$# ca{ (( s/f]8 @! nfv, k'FhLut lgdf{0ffwLg ;DklQ ?=* ca{ # s/f]8
#( nfv ;d]t s'n ;DklQ ?=! va{ #& ca{ &% s/f]8 #$ nfvsf] /x]sf] 5 . pQm
;dodf g]kfnsf] %) k|ltzteGbf a9L ahf/ lx:;f cf]u6]sf] pQm k|f=ln=n] jflif{s ?kdf
?=%( ca{ &^ s/f]8 !) nfvsf] cfDbfgLaf6 ?=@& ca{ %@ s/f]8 @* nfv v'b gfkmf cfh{g
u/L /x]sf] cj:yfdf cGo b"/;~rf/ ;]afk|bfosnfO{ ;xh ?kdf g]kfnsf] ahf/df k|j]z ug{
sl7g x'g] jf:tljstf /x]sf] 5 . u|fxs cfwf/ tyf ahf/ lx:;f, ljutsf] l/he{ Pj+
nufgLaf6 l;lh{t ;DklQ tyf nfO{;]G; ;d]tsf] k|fljlws d"NofÍg Pj+ VoftL lx;fa
gu/]sf]n] s/bftfn] b]vfPsf] lxt lg;u{;DaGwL sf/f]af/ d"No *) k|ltztsf] ?=! va{ $$
ca{ &* s/f]8 @% nfv / @) k|ltztsf] ?=!! ca{ %& s/f]8 ^) nfvnfO{ jf:tljs dfGg
;lsPg . t;y{ 7"nfs/bftf sfof{non] VoftL tyf ;f]sf] d"NofÍgsf cfwf/ k|df0f, z]o/
vl/b laqmL ;Demf}tf, ;DalGwt qm]tfx?af6 sf/f]af/ d"Nosf] sGkmd{]zg / o;;Fu ;DalGwt
a}+lsË sf/f]af/ ;d]t 5fglag u/L cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf #% nfO{ cfwf/ lnP/
;+zf]lwt s/ lgwf{/0f Pj+ c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
16.2 plNnlvt b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ Ps k|f=ln=df *) k|ltzt z]o/sf] :jfldTj /x]sf] Ps
ljb]zL lnld6]8sf] klg ztk|ltzt z]o/sf] :jfldTj lnPsf] csf{ ljb]zL sDkgLn] ;f]
lnld6]8df /x]sf] k"/} z]o/ laqmL ubf{ g]kfnsf] k|f=ln=df /x]sf] lxt lg;u{ ePsf] / ;f]xL
sf/0fn] pQm ljb]zL sDkgLnfO{ x'g uPsf] nfedf s/ a'emfpg'kg]{ Joj:yf cg'?k clu|d s/
?=( ca{ (^ s/f]8 (^ nfv a'emfPsf] b]lvof] . pQm sf/f]af/sf] k]; eP;Ddsf sfuhftsf
cfwf/df laqmL d"No ?=! va{ $$ ca{ &* s/f]8 @% nfvdf z]o/sf] nfut vr{ ?=&* ca{
#! s/f]8 *& nfv s§f ubf{ ?=^^ ca{ $^ s/f]8 #* nfv nfe e} ;f] cfodf !% k|ltztn]
x'g] clu|d s/afkt pQm /sd a'emfPsf] b]lvof] . t/ ;f] z]o/ laqmL ug]{ s/bftfn] cfos/
P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf (^ adf]lhd cfo ljj/0f a'emfO{ cg'';"rL ! cg'';f/ @% k|ltztsf b/n]
s/ a'emfpg'kg]{df !% k|ltzt clu|d s/dfq a'emfPsf]n] afFsL ?=^ ca{ ^$ s/f]8 ^$
nfvdf Jofh tyf z'Ns ;d]t c;'n gePsf]n] P]gsf] bkmf #% nfO{ cfwf/ lnP/ 5fglag
u/L s/ lgwf{/0f Pj+ c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
16.3 z]o/ laqmLstf{ ljb]zL sDkgLn] 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nodf z]o/ vl/b÷laqmL ;Demf}tf k];
u/]sf] 5}g / sfof{non] dfu u/]sf] klg 5}g . sfof{nodf pknAw /x]sf] clen]v tyf
k|df0fcg';f/ z]o/ laqmLstf{ ljb]zL sDkgLn] @)^% cflZjg !% df ;f] z]o/ ?=! ca{ !@
s/f]8 ** nfvdf vl/b u/]sf] t/ ;f] z]o/nfO{ xfn laqmL ubf{ ?=&* ca{ #! s/f]8 *&
nfv nfut vr{ s§L u/]sf]n] ?=&& ca{ !* s/f]8 (( nfv a9L vr{ s§L n]v]sf] /sdnfO{
cdfGo u/L x'g] cfodf s/ 5Ng] k|aGw u/]sf] x'Fbf bkmf (%-s_-@_-v_ cg';f/ lxt lg;u{
ePsf] sDkgLdfkm{t ;f] sf/f]af/df gk'u !% k|ltzt clu|d s/ ?=!! ca{ %& s/f]8 *%
nfv 5fglag u/L c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . o;}u/L ljb]zL nufgLstf{nfO{ P]gsf] bkmf #%
cg';f/ s/ 5Ng] k|aGw u/]sf]df sf/afxL u/L P]gsf] cg';"rL !-@_ adf]lhd plNnlvt clu|d
s/;lxt @% k|ltztsf b/n] cfos/ ?=!( ca{ @( s/f]8 &% nfvdf nfUg] Aofh tyf z'Ns
;d]t P]gsf] bkmf #% nfO{ cfwf/ lnP/ 5fglag u/L s/ lgwf{/0f Pj+ c;'n ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
16.4 plNnlvt b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfosdf g]kfnLsf] @) k|ltzt z]o/ :jfldTj /x]sf] Ps
u}/afl;Gbf s/bftfn] @)&@.&# df cfo ljj/0f k]; u/]cg';f/ ?=!! ca{ %& s/f]8 ^)
nfvdf laqmL u/]sf] pNn]v u/L cfDbfgLaf6 nfut vr{ ?=@% s/f]8 s§L u/]/ x'g] nfe
?=!! ca{ #@ s/f]8 ^) nfvsf] @% k|ltzt s/ ?=@ ca{ *# s/f]8 !% nfv bflvnf u/]sf]
b]lvG5 . ;f] z]o/ laqmLstf{n] ljutdf pQm @) k|ltzt z]o/ lwtf]df ljb]zL sDkgLaf6
cd]l/sL 8n/ @#) ldlnog jf sl/a ?=@) ca{ C0f lnPsf] ljj/0f ;d]t Ps ljbzL
nufgLstf{sf] jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 . z]o/ laqmLafkt ?=# ca{ #! s/f]8 @$ nfvsf]
e'QmfgLkl5 q]mtfsf] cfly{s lxt v'nf x'g] pBf]u ljefudf k]; z]o/ vl/b laqmL ;Demf}tfdf
pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . t;y{ pBf]u ljefudf k]; u/]sf] z]o/ vl/b laqmL ;Demf}tf / sfof{nodf
k]; u/]sf] cfo ljj/0f tyf ;f]xL z]o/sf] lwtf]df lnPsf] ?=@) ca{ C0f ;d]tsf] cfwf/df
s/bftfn] s/ 5Ng] p2]Zon] sf/f]af/sf] Go"g d"NofÍg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . t;y{ s/ 5Ng] k|aGw
u/]sf] b]lvFbf cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf #% cg';f/ sf/afxL u/L rfl/qLs/0f ubf{ Ps}
;dodf ePsf] z]o/ vl/b laqmL sf/f]af/df Ps ljb]zL nufgLstf{ lgolGqt *) k|ltzt
z]o/sf] d"NofÍg ?=! va{ $$ ca{ &* s/f]8 @% nfv /x]sf] t/ lgh s/bftfn] laqmL u/]sf]
@) k|ltzt z]o/sf] d"NofÍg ?=!! ca{ %& s/f]8 ^) nfv u/]sf]n] ;dfg'kflts lx;fan]
pQm z]o/sf] d"NofÍg ?=#^ ca{ !( s/f]8 %^ nfv x'g'kg]{df ?=@$ ca{ ^! s/f]8 (^ nfv
Go"g d"NofÍg ePsf] b]lvG5 . t;y{ pQm Go"g d"NoflÍt /sddf P]gsf] cg';"rL ! cg';f/
@% k|ltztn] x'g] s/ ?=^ ca{ !% s/f]8 $( nfvdf Aofh tyf z'Ns ;d]t 5fglag u/L
s/ lgwf{/0f Pj+ c;'n ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
16.5 cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf %& cg';f/ g]kfndf b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfos pQm k|f=ln=sf]
lgoGq0f kl/jt{g ePsf] cfwf/df cfo ljj/0f k]; u/]sf]df ;f] k|f=ln=sf] ;DklQsf] d"NofÍg
ubf{ ?=@$ s/f]8 *# nfv v'b nfe ePsf] ljj/0f k]; u/L :jo+ s/ lgwf{/0f u/]sf]
cj:yfdf pQm d"NofÍgsf] 7""nf s/bftf sfof{non] ;DklQ bfloTj, nfO;]G; / VoftL
;d]tsf] d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/df olsg u/]sf] 5}g . ljefun] s/ hf]lvdsf] cfwf/df jflif{s
s/bftf 5gf}6 u/L s/ k/LIf0f ug'{kg]{df xfn ;f] k|f=ln=sf] @)^*.)^( ;Ddsf] dfq s/
k/LIf0f ;DkGg u/]sf]n] hf]lvdsf] cfwf/df pQm k|f=ln=sf] yk jif{sf] s/ k/LIf0f u/L pQm
d"NofÍgsf jf:tljstf olsg ug'{kb{5 .
16.6 Joj:yflksf–;+;b, cy{ ;ldltsf] @)&#.)@.@! sf] lg0f{odf g]kfndf sDkgL btf{ u/L
g]kfndf gfkmf sdfPkl5 / z]o/ laqmL u/L laqm]tfaf6 :jfldTj x:tfGt/0f u/]/ k'FhLut
nfe lnPkl5 g]kfndf k'FhLut nfes/ ltg'{kg]{ Joxf]/f pNn]v 5 . ;f] lg0f{odf Ps sDkgLsf]
ljutsf z]o/wgLx?sf xsdf ljutdf ljleGg sf/f]af/ ePsf, k6s k6s z]o/ :jfldTj
x:tfGt/0f x'Fbf sd d"No /fvL s/ bflvnf ul/Psf] / xfnsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ kIfnfO{ Wofgdf
/fv]/ sf]af6 slt clgoldttf ePsf] xf] ;f] ;DjGwdf clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u
dfk{mt 5fglag u/L bf]ifLnfO{ sfg"gL sf/afxL k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{
lgb]{zg lbg] Joxf]/f pNn]v ePsf]df ;f] ;DaGwL eP u/]sf] sfd sf/afxLsf]] k|df0f k]z x'g
cfPsf] 5}g .
17. z]o/ ;+/rgf kl/jt{g – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf #% cg';f/ ljefun] s/ bfloTj olsg
ug{ s/ d'lQm of]hgfsf] s'g} k|aGw jf k|aGwsf] efunfO{ k'gM rfl/qLs/0f ug{ ;Sg] k|fjwfg
5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f b]xfoadf]lhd /x]sf 5g\M
17.1 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no If]q gDa/ ! sf7df8f}+cGtu{tsf Ps 6]lnsd lnld6]8sf] z]o/
;+/rgfsf] %) k|ltzt -%) xhf/ lsQf_ z]o/ @)^%.)^.!( df Ps ;fOk|;sf] ;le{;]h
lnld6]8n] a]nfotsf] Ps OG6/g]zgn ln= af6 ?=% s/f]8df vl/b ug{ pBf]u ljefun]
:jLs[lt lbPsf] b]lvG5 . To;kl5 ;f] 6]lnsd lnld6]8df pQm ;fOk|;sf] ;le{;]h lnld6]8sf]
%) k|ltzt, Ps 6]lnsd k|f=ln= sf] $) k|ltzt, Ps k|fs[lts JolQmsf] % k|ltzt,
kfls:tfgsf Ps 6]lnsDo'lgs]zg lnld6]8sf] # k|ltzt / a+unfb]zsf] Ps 6]lnsdsf] @
k|ltzt :jfldTj /x]sf] b]lvof] .
l:j8]gl:yt ljb]zL sDkgLsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg @)!! sf] k]h %$ / *% cg';f/
plNnlvt ;fOk|;sf] ;le{;]h lnld6]8sf] %! k|ltzt z]o/ ?=@ ca{ # s/f]8 -!(! ldlnog
l:jl8; qmf]g/_ df vl/b u/L g]kfnsf] Ps 6]lnsd lnld6]8sf] @% k|ltzt lxt k|fKt u/]sf]
Joxf]/f ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L ;f]xL ljb]zL sDkgLsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg @)!@ sf] k]h
@& / !)@ df pQm ;fOk|;sf] ;le{;]h lnld6]8dfkm{t pQm 6]lnsd lnld6]8sf] @% xhf/
lsQf z]o/ plNnlvt 6]lnsd k|f=ln=af6 vl/b u/]sf] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . tTkZrft\ ;f] ljb]zL
sDkgLn] @^ clk|n @)!@ df pQm 6]lnsd lnld6]8df z]o/ :jfldTj %) k|ltztaf6 &%
k|ltzt k'¥ofpg ;fOk|;sf] Ps ;le{;]h lnld6]8sf] $( k|ltzt z]o/ vl/b ubf{ ?=# ca{
^* s/f]8 -@(% ldlnog l:jl8; qmf]g/_ lt/]sf]] ljj/0f ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . kmn:j?k pQm
ljb]zL sDkgLsf] ;fOk|;sf] ;le{;]h lnld6]8df ztk|ltzt :jfldTj ePsf] b]lvG5 .
s/bftfn] cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf ^&-7_@ adf]lhd g]kfndf ;~rflnt
lqmofsnfkaf6 ePsf] k'FhLut nfedf ltg{'kg]{ s/ gltg]{ p2]Zon] Go"g nufgLdf ;fOk|;df
sDkgL :yfkgf u/L ;f]xLdfkm{t ck|ToIf ?kdf pQm ljb]zL sDkgLnfO{ z]o/ laqmL u/L nfe
cfh{g ug]{ t/ s/ gltg]{ k|aGw u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ctM ;g\ @)!! b]lv ;g\ @)!@ sf] cjlwdf
pQm 6]lnsd lnld6]8sf] &% k|ltzt z]o/ k|ToIf tyf ck|ToIf ?kn] ;dfg'kflts lx;fadf
pQm ljb]zL sDkgLn] ?=# ca{ *& s/f]8df vl/b u/]sf] -? @=)# ca{ / #=^* ca{sf] cfwf_
b]lvG5 . jf;nftdf plNnlvt &% k|ltzt z]o/sf] d"No ?=% s/f]8 -%),))) lsQf z]o/sf]
?=!,))) n] x'g]_ nfutafkt ?=# ca{ *& s/f]8af6 s§L ubf{ ?=# ca{ *@ s/f]8 nfe x'g]df
cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf #% adf]lhd s/ 5Ng] k|aGw u/]sf] / bkmf ^&-5_-7_@ adf]lhd
g]kfndf ;~rflnt lqmofsnfk;Fu ;DalGwt sf/f]af/ ePsf]n] rfl/qLs/0f u/L ;f] P]gsf]
cg';"rL ! cg';f/ nfUg] @% k|ltzt s/ ?=(% s/f]8 %) nfvdf Aofh tyf z'Ns ;d]t
5fglag u/L s/ lgwf{/0f Pj+ c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
17.2 s/bftf ;]jf sfof{no lqk'/]Zj/cGtu{tsf Ps 6]lnsd k|f=ln= g]kfn / Ps ;le{;]h lnld6]8
;fOk|;aLr !$ ;]K6]Da/ @)!! df ePsf] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ $% lbgleq g]kfnsf Ps 6]lnsd
lnld6]8sf] $) k|ltzt z]o/ -$) xhf/ lsQf_ jf lxtdWo] @% xhf/ lsQf z]o/ pQm
;le{;]h lnld6]8 ;fOk|;nfO{ ?=@ s/f]8 %) nfvdf laqmL u/]sf] ljj/0f pBf]u ljefudf k];
u/]sf] 5 . ;f] ;le{;]h lnld6]8 ;fOk|;sf] dflns :jL8]gl:yt ljb]zL sDkgLn] @^ clk|n
@)!@ df g]kfnsf pQm 6]lnsd lnld6]8sf] yk %) k|ltzt -%) xhf/ lsQf_ z]o/
:jfldTj k|fKt ug{ sl/a ?=#=^* ca{ -@(% ldlnog l:jl8; qmf]g/_ vr{ u/]sf] ljj/0f
cfˆgf] n]vfk/LIf0f tyf jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . pQm %) xhf/ lsQfdWo]
6]lnsd k|f=ln= sf] :jfldTjaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] @% xhf/ lsQf ;d]t ;dfj]z ePsf] b]lvG5 .
o; cfwf/df 6]lnsd k|f=ln=sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] z]o/ k|fKt ug{ ljb]zL sDkgLn] sl/a
?=!=*$ ca{ -#=^* ca{ sf] %) k|ltzt_ vr{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
pQm 6]lnsd k|f=ln=n] z]o/ laqmL u/]sf] % dlxgfsf] cjlwdf g]kfnsf pQm 6]lnsd
lnld6]8sf]] u|fxs cfwf/, nufgL tyf eljiosf] ;+efjgfdf s'g} ;f/e"t kl/jt{g ePsf]
cj:yf ;d]t b]lvFb}g . ;f] 6]lnsd lnld6]8sf] z]o/ ;g\ @)!! df k|ltlsQf ? (! xhf/ /
@)!@ df k|ltlsQf ?=&$ xhf/df sf/f]af/ u/]sf]df @)!! ;]K6]Da/df pQm ;le{;]h lnld6]8
;fOk|;nfO{ laqmL ubf{ z]o/ k|ltlsQf ?=! xhf/dfq d"NofÍg ug{'n] ;f] sf/f]af/ ubf{ cfos/
P]gsf] bkmf #% cg';f/ s/d'lQm of]hgfsf] k|aGw u/]sf] b]lvof] . t;y{ Go"g d"NofÍg u/L
aLrdf dWo:y sDkgL v8f u/]/ s/ 5Ng] k|aGw u/]sf] x'Fbf pQm /sdnfO{ bkmf @& adf]lhd
ahf/ d"Nocg';f/ kl/df0fLs/0f u/L nufgLstf{n] b]vfPsf] d"No ?=!=*$ ca{ -@(% ldlnog
l:jl8; qmf]g/, @^ clk|n @)!@ sf] ljlgdo b/ ?=!@=$&_ df sf/f]af/ ePsf] dfgL pQm
d"Nodf z'? vl/b d"No ?=@ s/f]8 %) nfv vr{ s§L ubf{ x'g cfpg] nfe ?=! ca{ *@
s/f]8sf] cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] cg';"rL ! sf] pkbkmf @ cg';f/ @% k|ltztn] x'g cfpg]
s/ ?=$% s/f]8 #* nfvdf z'Ns tyf Aofh ;d]t lgwf{/0f u/L c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
18. ;DklQ laqmL – 3/hUuf nufotsf ;DklQ laqmLdf c;'n ug'{kg]{ k'FhLut nfes/;DaGwL
Joxf]/f b]xfocg';f/ /x]sf 5g\M

18.1 cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf @-b_$ df k|fs[lts JolQmn] ?=#) nfv jf ;f]eGbf a9L d"Nosf]
3/ hUufsf] sf/f]af/ ubf{ Jofj;flos ;DklQ ePsf] cj:yfdf cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf
& adf]lhd cfodf Joj;fo ;~rfngaf6 ePsf] d'gfkmf u0fgf u/L ;f]xL P]gsf] cg';"rL !
adf]lhd @% k|ltzt cfos/ nfUg] ;d]t Joj:yf /x]sf]df s/bftf ;]jf sfof{no, gofF;8s
/ afg]Zj/ If]qsf b'O{ s/bftfn] 3/hUuf;DaGwL Joj;fo u/L ?=*^ s/f]8 # nfvsf]] hUuf
laqmL u/]sf]df ;f] laqmL /sd Jofj;flos ;DklQsf] lg;u{ ubf{ k|fKt ePsf] t/ lgh
s/bftfn] cfo ljj/0f k]z gu/]sf] jf k]z u/]klg cfodf ;dfj]z gu/]sf]n] s/ lgwf{/0f
ug'{kg]{ cGoyf k|fs[lts JolQmsf] u}/Jofj;flos s/of]Uo ;DklQsf] lg;u{df x'g] nfe ;/x %
k|ltztn] nfUg] s/ ?=$ s/f]8 *@ nfv c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
18.2 cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf @ b[${ tyf cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefusf] @)^^.$.!# sf]
lg0f+oadf]lhd k|fs=lts JolQmn] Ps cfly+s jif+leq Ps k6s jf k6s k6s u/L ?-#) nfv
jf ;f]eGbf a9L d"Nosf] 3/ hUufsf] sf/f]af/ ubf+ ePsf] k'FhLut nfedf P]g sf] bkmf (%[s{#
df k'FhLut nfes/ c;'n ug'+kg+] Joj:yf 5 . of] jif+ dfnkf]t sfof{no l8NnLahf/, rfalxn
nufot @& df a9L vr+ stL bfaL u/]sf], vl/b /sd km/s kf/]sf], Pp6} lg;u+stf+n] k6s
k6s u/]sf] lg;u+nfO+ PsLs=t u/L jflif+s lg;u+df gb]vfPsf] nufotsf sf/0fn] ?-@^
s/f]8 $! nfv k'_hLut nfe s/ c;'n ug+ 5'6 ePsf] b]lvG5 . cfos/ P]g @)%* sf]
bkmf (%s[&{ adf]lhd ;DalGwtnfO+ lhDd]jf/ agfO+ bkmf !!( adf]lhdsf] aofh / bkmf
!@) adf]lhdsf] z'Ns ;d]t u0fgf u/L 5'6 k'_hLut nfes/ c;'n ug'+kb+5 . ljleGg
sfof{nodf k/LIf0f ug{ afFsL lnvtsf] ;d]t ;DalGwt dGqfnon] 5fglag u/L c;'n
ug{'kb{5 .
18.3 k|fs[lts JolQmn] lghL hUuf tyf ejgx? lwtf] jf aGwsL /fvL a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6
lnPsf] C0f ;doleq e'QmfgL gePdf To:tf] hUuf tyf ejg laqmL jf x:tfGt/0f ubf{
k'FhLut nfes/ nfUg] Joj:yf 5 . o;/L ltg'{kg]{ s/ hUuf tyf ejgdfly :jfldTj ePsf]
JolQmn] glt/]df lwtf] jf aGws lng] JolQmn] e'QmfgL u/L lnnfd jf sAhf ubf{ ePsf] cGo
vr{ C0fLsf] gfddf vr{ n]Vg] Joj:yf 5 . dfnkf]t sfof{no l8NnLahf/n] C0f r'Qmf
gu/]sf] sf/0faf6 tLghgf C0fLsf] ?=#! s/f]8 @% nfv d"Nosf] hUuf tyf ejgsf] lnnfd
cyjf lg;u{ ubf{ sfodL d"Noaf6 vl/b d"No gv'n]sf]n] olsg u/L % k|ltztn] x'g] ?=!
s/f]8 %^ nfv clu|d k'FhLut nfes/ c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
 s/ km5\of}{6
19. s/ ldgfxf – g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfly{s jif{ @)^(.&) ;Ddsf] s/ lgwf{/0f tyf dx;'n, /fh:j
aSof}tf / ;/sf/n] k|fKt ug'{kg]{ s/ /sd cbfnt jf cGo lgsfodf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf s/
tyf dx;'n;DaGwL ljifo km5\of}{6 ug{ egL cfof]u u7g u/L ePsf sfdsf/afxLsf]
n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf Joxf]/f b]xfocg';f/ /x]sf 5g\M
19.1 cfof]udf k|fKt ! xhf/ &@^ lgj]bgdWo] ! xhf/ ^( lgj]bgpk/ sf/afxL u/L ;Demf}tf
u/]sf] 5 . k|zf;sLo k'g/fjnf]sg, /fh:j Gofoflws/0f / cbfnt tyf cGo lgsfodf
ljrf/fwLg aSof}tfsf] km5\of}{6 l:ylt b]xfodf pNn]v 5 .

-?= nfvdf_
km5\of}{6 x'g
lgj]bg dfu km5\of}6 km5\of}{6 ;Demf}tf
lgj]bgsf] ljj/0f afFsL
;+Vof aSof}tf ;+Vof aSof}tf /sd
aSof}tf
k|zf;sLo k'g/fjnf]sg 248 102707 147 82932 19775 23090
/fh:j Gofoflws/0f 237 77642 128 67543 10099 5004
cbfnt jf cGo 144 103228 60 57402 45826 51825
aSof}tf ;DaGwL 1037 124579 690 97269 27310 15429
/fh:j zLif{s kl/jt{g 60 178 44 112 66 113
hDdf 1726 408334 1069 305258 103076 95461
cfof]udf s'n ?=$) ca{ *# s/f]8 aSof}tfpk/ lgj]bg k|fKt ePsf]df hDdf ?=#)
ca{ %@ s/f]8 %* nfv lgj]bgpk/ km5\of}{6sf] sf/afxL u/L ?=( ca{ %$ s/f]8 ^! nfvdf
;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . ;du|df /fh:j p7fpg'kg]{ aSof}tf /sdsf] ^*=&# k|ltzt ldgfxf lbO{
;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . km5\of}{6sf] nflu k|fKt lgj]bg / sf/afxLsf] cWoog ubf{ s'n
km5\of}{6sf] nflu dfu ul/Psf] ! xhf/ ^( lgj]bgdWo] ^() lgj]bg aSof}tf;DaGwL /x]sf
5g\ . /sdsf] cfwf/df s'n ?=#) ca{ %@ s/f]8dWo] aSof}tfsf] lx:;f #!=*^ k|ltzt cyf{t\
?=( ca{ &# s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . pQm aSof}tf ljjflbt eP/ k'g/fjnf]sg Pj+ d'2fdf uPsf]
geO{ s/bftfn] c6]/ u/L ga'emfPsf] /sd xf] . ljjflbt /sdsf] ;dfwfg ug{ s/ km5\of}{6
cfof]usf] u7g u/]sf] elgP tfklg ljjflbt /sdeGbf s/ glt/L a;]sf s/bftfsf] /sd w]/}
/x]sf] b]lvG5 . h;n] ubf{ s/ glt/L a:g] / cfof]u u7g u/L ldgfxf u/fpg] k|j[lQn] k|>o
kfPsf] 5 .
19.2 cfof]un] ldgfxf lbPsf] /sddf k|zf;sLo k'g/fjnf]sg, /fh:j Gofoflws/0f / cbfntdf
ljrf/fwLg /x]sf]b]lv afx]s @)^(.&) df s/ lgwf{/0f ePsf /fh:j aSof}tf ?=&^ s/f]8 *
nfvnfO{ km5\of}{6 ug]{ u/L ?=@% s/f]8 &! nfvdf ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . s/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ t/
lgwf{/0f u/]sf] /sd gltg]{ s/bftfnfO{ @÷# jif{leq cfof]u u7g u/L ldgfxf lbPsf] 5 .
o;af6 /fh:j;DaGwL P]gadf]lhd $ jif{leq ;+zf]lwt s/ lgwf{/0f ug{;Sg] clwsf/
;d]tnfO{ aGb]h nufpg] u/L cfof]uaf6 aSof}tf ldgfxf ePsf] sfg'g;Ddt b]lvPg .
19.3 cfo jif{ @)^(.&) df ljleGg lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] ltg'{kg]{ d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=@! s/f]8 ^$
nfv ;d]t km5\of}{6 ug{ ;Demf}tf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . lgdf{0f sfo{ u/]afkt ;/sf/ jf ;]jf
k|flKtstf{n] e'QmfgL lbPsf] d"No clej[l4 s/ ;d]t ga'emfPsf] b]lvof] . s/bftf :jo+n]
a'emfpg'kg]{ egL ljj/0fdf pNn]v u/]sf] /sd ;d]t r'Qmf gu/L aSof}tf /fv]sf]df cfof]un]
km5\of}{6 ug{ ;Demf}tf u/L ldgfxf lbPsf] 5 .
19.4 7"nf s/bftf sfof+nocGtu+t Ps a|'c/Lsf] @)^(.&) ;Dd sf] d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=$)
s/f]8 !$ nfv aSof}tf /x]sf]df cfof]uaf6 ?=!$ nfv cyf{t\ )=#% k|ltztdf dfq ;Demf}tf
u/L ?=$) s/f]8sf] 7"nf] /sd ldgfxf lbPsf] 5 . pQm s/bftfsf] cl86 6«fon l/kf]6{
k/LIf0f ubf{ s'n aSof}tfdWo] ?=@ s/f]8 &$ nfv s/ lgwf{/0f u/]sf] /sd / afFsL ?=#&
s/f]8 %) nfv d"No clej[l4 s/ ljj/0fcg';f/ ;fdfg laqmL ubf{ pkef]Qmfaf6 ;Íng
ePs]f d"No clej[l4 s/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;/L pQm s/bftfn] pkef]Qmf;Fu ;Íng u/L
a'emfpg'kg]{ egL :jo+ ljj/0f k]; u/]sf] /sd g} ldgfxf lbg] u/L ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 .

19.5 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, kf]v/fcGtu{t Ps xf]6nsf] lng'kg]{ d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=!* s/f]8
$# nfv dWo] *(=$& k|ltzt ldgfxf lbO{ ?=! s/f]8 ($ nfv lng] u/L ;Demf}tf u/]sf]
b]lvG5 . s/bftfsf] cl86 6«fon l/kf]6{ k/LIf0f ubf{ ?=$@ nfvdfq s/ lgwf{/0fsf] /sd
/x]sf] / d"No clej[l4 s/ ljj/0fcg';f/ afFsL ?=!* s/f]8 ! nfv xf]6nn] pkef]Qmfaf6
;Íng u/]sf] Pj+ /fHonfO{ a'emfpg egL :jo+ s/bftfn] ljj/0fdf pNn]v u/]sf] /sd g}
ldgfxf x'g] u/L ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 .
d"No clej[l4 s/afkt pkef]Qmfaf6 p7fPsf] /sd ;DalGwt s/bftfaf6 /fh:j
bflvnf x'g'kg]{ ?=&& s/f]8 ldgfxf ug{ ;Demf}tf ubf{ /fh:j r'xfj6nfO{ d2t k'u]sf]n]
cfof]usf kbflwsf/LnfO{ g} lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
19.6 cfof]u u7gsf] p2]Zo s/fwf/ ;+/If0f ub}{ clwstd aSof}tf s/ c;'n ug]{ klg /x]sf] x'G5 .
t/ s/bftf;Fu s/ km5\of}{6 cfof]un] ;Demf}tf ubf{ Go"g /sddf ;Demf}tf u/]sf] sf/0f klxn]
s/bftfn] a'emfPsf] /sd ;d]t a9L x'g uO{ o; jif{ yk ah]6 lgsf;f lnO{ ( s/bftfnfO{
?=& s/f]8 *@ nfv lkmtf{ lbg' k/]sf] b]lvof] . s/ km5\of}{6 cfof]un] Ps 6«]8;{;uF cf=j
@)^^.^& ;Ddsf] ?=@ s/f]8 (! nfv aSof}tfnfO{ ?=$% nfvdf ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df lgh
s/bftfnfO{ ?=! s/f]8 *( nfv /fHo sf]ifaf6 lkmtf{ lbg' k/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L Ps lrof
sDkgLsf] gfddf ?=& s/f]8 (( nfv aSof}tf /x]sf] cj:yfdf ?=@^ nfv cyf{t\ sl/a #
k|ltztdfq lng] u/L ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . kmn:j?k pQm sDkgLnfO{ ?=@ s/f]8 ^% nfv
/fHosf]ifaf6 lkmtf{ e'QmfgL lbg'k/]sf] 5 . pQm cfof]un] ckf/bzL{ ?kdf ;Demf}tf u/]sf]
sf/0f aSof}tf c;'nLsf] ;§f /fHo sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sd pN6} lkmtf{ lbg'k/]sf] x'Fbf
cfof]usf kbflwsf/LnfO{ g} lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
19.7 cfof]un] j:t'lgi7 cfwf/ lnO{ cfk;L ;xdltaf6 s/ lgwf{/0f / km5\of}{6 ug]{ pNn]v 5 .
cfof]un] ;/sf/L :jfldTj /x]sf ;+:yfg / lghL Joj;fosf] s/ aSof}tf / ;Demf}tf u/]sf]
/sdsf] t'ngfTds l:ylt pbfx/0ffy{ b]xfocg';f/ 5M
-?= nfvdf_
;/sf/L ;:yftkm{ lghL Joj;foLtkm{
s/ s/ s/ s/
ldgfxf ldgfxf
l;=g+= s/ bftfsf] gfd aSof}tf ;Demf}tf s/bftfsf] gfd aSof}tf ;Demf}tf
k|ltzt k|ltzt
/sd /sd /sd /sd
1 s[lif ljsf; a}Í, ln 39198 19300 50.76 Ps OG6/ slG6g]g6n 686 30 95.63
2 ;fN6 6]l8Ë sDkgL 683 270 60.37 Ps kfj/ sDkgL 1919 60 96.86
g]kfn gful/s p8\og
3 k|flws/0f 10388 4618 55.55 Ps l/h]G;L xf]6]n 105 1 99.05
4 /fli6«o aLdf ;+:yfg 36701 22681 38.20 Ps jfo;{ sDkgL 284 9 96.84
5 g]kfn jfo';]jf lgud 1810 1100 39.24 Ps l:6n sDkgL 122 7 94.27
6 g]kfn b'/ ;~rf/ sDkgL 6490 3000 53.78 Ps a|'c/L 5896 486 91.75
Ps df]jfO{n ;DaGwL
7 ;fgf ls;fg a}Í ln= 296 171 42.32 sDkgL 736 5 99.32
8 g]kfn a}Í ln 13223 3411 74.20 Ps l;d]G6 sDkgL 264 8 96.74
9 x]6f}8f l;d]G6 pwf]u ln= 3089 1800 41.74 Ps 6«]l8ª sDkgL 306 4 98.62
s'n /fh:j aSof}tf ?= #) ca{ %# s/f]8dWo] ?=( ca{ %% s/f]8 c;'n ug]{ u/L
;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ( ;/sf/L ;:yfgsf] ?=!! ca{ !* s/f]8 *! nfv aSof}tfdWo]
?=% ca{ ^# s/f]8 %# nfv c;'n ug]{ u/L ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . s'n !)^( cfj]bsdWo] !
xhf/ ^) lghL Joj;foL cfj]bsaf6 ?=# ca{ (! s/f]8 c;'n ug]{ u/L ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 .
s'n c;'nLsf] nflu ;Demf}tf u/]sf] /sddWo] %( k|ltzt ( ;+:Yffgsf] / afFsL $! k|ltzt
!)^) lghL Joj;foLsf] /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;/sf/L ;+:yfgsf] xsdf #* b]lv &$ k|ltzt;Dd
ldgfxf lbPsf] t/ lghL Joj;foL s/bftfnfO{ clwstd (( k|ltzt;Dd ldgfxf lbPsf]
b]lvG5 . cfof]un] ;/sf/L ;+:yfgeGbf lghL Joj;foLnfO{ a9L b/df 5'6 lbPsf] 5 .
cfof]un] j:t'ut ;"rfÍsf] cfwf/df km5\of}6 ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfPsf]df lghL / ;/sf/L
;+:yfaLr ldgfxf lbFbf km/s Jojxf/ u/]sf]n] ;f] ;"rfÍ kfngf ePsf] ;DaGwdf cfZj:t x'g
;Sg] cj:yf ;d]t b]lvFb}g .
;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ s/ aSof}tf /sd 36L ldgfxf ug]{ / lghL :t/sf Joj;foLnfO{
clwstd ldgfxf lbPaf6 ldn]dtf]sf] ;+s]t b]lvPsf]n] s/ km5\of}{6 ;DaGwdf ePsf
lg0f{opk/ 5fglag ug'{kb{5 .
19.8 cfof]u / s/bftfaLr ePsf] ;Demf}tfdf tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq ;DalGwt /fh:j sfof{nox?df
;Dks{ u/L a'emfpg'kg]{ s/ a'emfO{ km/kmf/s ug'{kg]{ cGoyf ;Demf}tf dfGo gx'g] / ;Dk"0f{
/sd /fh:j aSof}tf sfod ul/g] Joj:yf 5 . n]vfk/LIf0fsf] qmddf ;Ílnt ljj/0fcg';f/
o;jif{ cfof]un] ?=( ca{ %% s/f]8df ;Demf}tf u/L 6'ª\UofPsf] dWo] @@ sfof{nocGtu{t
%@^ s/bftfsf] ?=^ ca{ @( s/f]8sf] ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5 . afFsL ?=# ca{ @^
s/f]8 ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog tyf /fh:j ;Íng Pj+ ldgfxf ePsf] 5}g . ;Demf}tfsf]
cjlwleq sfof{Gjog gePsf] xsdf aSof}tf nut sfod} /fvL /fh:j c;'nL k|lqmof cufl8
a9fpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
19.9 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, If]q g+= # cGtu{t Ps s/bftfsf] ?=%@ s/f]8 (( nfv aSof}tf
/x]sf]df ?=$ s/f]8 #) nfv cyf{t\ *=!! k|ltztdfq lng] u/L ;Demf}tf ePsf] / pQm /sd
cfo jif{ @)&!.&@ df g} /fh:j nut s§f u/]sf] 5 . ;Demf}tfadf]lhd @)&#.^.@& leq
/sd a'emfpg'kg]{df ga'emfPsf] cj:yfdf g} /fh:j nut ldgfxf u/]sf]n] pQm aSof}tf /sd
k'gM nut sfod ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . To;} u/L Ps 6«fensf] gfddf cfo jif{ @)^&.^* ;Ddsf]
d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=! s/f]8 ^^ nfv afFsL /x]sf]df ?=% nfv cyf{t\ # k|ltzt k|fKt ug]{
u/L ;Demf}tf ubf{ ?=! s/f]8 ^! nfv ldgfxf lbPsf] 5 . pQm d"No clej[l4 s/dWo]
;fFjfdfq ?=^! nfv /x]sf]df ;f] ;d]t gp7\g] u/L ;Demf}tf ePsf] ;DaGwdf yk 5fglag
ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
19.10 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nocGtu{t Ps a}Ísf]] cfo jif{ @)^%.^^ b]lv @)^^.^& ;Ddsf] ltg'kg]{
cfos/ ?=& s/f]8 &# nfv /x]sf]df ?=$ s/f]8 %) nfvdf ;Demf}tf u/L ?=# s/f]8 @#
nfv cyf{t\ $! k|ltzt ldgfxf lbPsf], csf]{ Ps a}Ísf] cfo jif{ @)^#.)^$ b]lv
@)^^.)^& ;Ddsf] lgwf{l/t cfos/ ?=( s/f]8 *# nfvdWo] ?=! s/f]8 $ nfvdf ;Demf}tf
u/L ?=* s/f]8 &( nfv cyf{t\ *( k|ltzt ldgfxf lbPsf] cj:yf 5 . o:t} csf]{ Ps a}Ísf]
cfo jif{ @)^).^! b]lv @)^%.^^ ;Ddsf] cfos/ ?=@! s/f]8 @* nfvdWo] ?=# s/f]8 *)
nfvdf ;Demf}tf u/L ?=!& s/f]8 $* nfv cyf{t\ *@ k|ltzt ldgfxf lbPsf] 5 eg] csf]{
Ps a}Ísf] ljleGg cfo jif{sf] cfos/ ?=* s/f]8 @& nfvdWo] ?=@ s/f]8 &% nfvdf
;Demf}tf u/L ?=% s/f]8 %@ nfv cyf{t\ ^& k|ltzt ldgfxf lbPsf] 5 . s/ km5\of}{6
sfo{k|0ffnL @)&! n] s/ ltg]{ Ifdtf, Joj;fosf] k|s[lt, ;dfg :t/sf] s/bftf / ;dfg
sf/f]af/ nufotsf ljifonfO{ cfwf/ lng] pNn]v u/] tfklg tL cfwf/df ;f/e"t cGt/ gx'Fbf
ljleGg jfl0fHo a}Ídf /fh:j aSof}tf $@ b]lv *( k|ltzt;Dd ldgfxf ePsf] b]lvG5 .
o;af6 lgwf{l/t dfkb08 kfngf ePsf] 5}g .

19.11 cfof]uaf6 s/bftf;Fu /fh:j aSof}tf km5\of}{6sf] ;Demf}tf u/L ljj/0f;lxt ;DalGwt
/fh:j sfof{nodf k7fP kZrft\ ;DalGwt sfof{non] s/bftfsf] kmfOn gvf]hL lg0f{o u/L
aSof}tf ldgfxf u/]sf] 5 . o;af6 s/ lgwf{/0f cfb]z, lgwf{l/t s/ /sd, hl/afgf / Aofh
;d]t le8fg ug{ g;lsPsf] / s/bftfn] lt/]sf] s/ Pj+ w/f}6L /fv]sf] /sd ;d]t olsg ug{
g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 .
19.12 tTsfnLg cfos/ P]g, @)#! df s/ ljefunfO{ :jljj]sLo cfwf/df s/ lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]
clwsf/ lbPsf] kl/k|]Iodf l;h{gf x'g] ljjfb ;dfwfg ug{ s/ km5of}{6 cfof]u P]g, @)##
adf]lhd cfof]usf] Joj:yf u/]sf] lyof] . cfos/ P]g, @)%* n] :jo+ s/ lgwf{/0f k|0ffnLnfO{
cjnDag u/]sf] / ;f]xL P]gsf] kl/R5]b @! n] ljefu tyf dftxtsf sfof{non] u/]sf] lg0f{o
lrQ ga'em\g] s/bftfn] ljefu;dIf k|zf;sLo k'g/fjnf]sgsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg;Sg] /
ljefusf] lg0f{odf lrQ ga'emfpg] s/bftfn] /fh:j Gofoflws/0fdf k'g/fj]bg lbg;Sg]
Joj:yf 5 . /fh:j Gofoflws/0fsf] km};nf lrQ ga'em] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] cg'dltn]
k'g/fj]bg ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . cfos/ P]gn] s/;DaGwL ljjfb ;dfwfgsf nflu kof{Kt sfg'gL
Joj:yf cjnDag u/]sf] ;d]t b]lvG5 .
cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !$@ df ;fna;fnL nfu" x'g] cfly{s P]gn] o; P]gdf
;+zf]wg u/L s/ nufpg], lgwf{/0f ug]{, a9fpg], 36fpg], 5'6 lbg] jf ldgfxf lbg];DaGwL
Joj:yf u/]sf]df afx]s cGo s'g} klg P]gn] o; P]gadf]lhdsf s/sf Joj:yfx?df s'g} klg
;+zf]wg, kl/jt{g jf s/ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yfx? ug{ g;Sg] pNn]v 5 . :jo+ s/
lgwf{/0fsf] cjwf/0ff sfof{Gjog gx'Fbf ljutsf] km/s ;Gbe{df ljjfb ;dfwfgsf] nflu
Joj:yf ul/Psf] cfwf/df cfof]u u7g u/L ljjflbt s/sf ljifox? 6'Ëf] nufpg' cfos/
P]g cg's"n b]lvPg . t;y{ ?=( ca{ %$ s/f]8 ^! nfv ;Demf}tf u/L ?=#) ca{ %@ s/f]8
%* nfv /fh:j km5\of}{6 tyf ldgfxf u/]sf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag x'g'kb{5 .
cfof]un] s/ lgwf{/0f ;DaGwdf u/]sf sfd sf/afxL;DaGwL k|ltj]bg @)&@.!!.!$
df o; sfof{nonfO{ pknAw u/fpg dfu u/]sf]df c6]/ u/L sl/a ! jif{kl5 dfq k|ltj]bg
k|fKt x'g cfPaf6 s/ ;DaGwL sfdsf/afxL lgliqmo kfg{ vf]h]sf] k|i6 x'G5 .
20. /fh:j aSof}tf – ut jif{;Dd /fh:j aSof}tf ?=! va{ @* ca{ @# s/f]8 /x]sf]df of] jif{
#=)* k|ltzt j[l4 eO{ ?=! va{ #@ ca{ !* s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . aSof}tf /sddWo] cy{
dGqfnosf] (!=)^ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . of]
jif{sf] /fh:j aSof}tfdf d"No clej[l4 /fh:j aSof}tf ?=s/f]8df
s/tkm{sf] aSof}tfsf] nut sfod u/L
cfly{s ljj/0fdf gb]vfPsf]n] aSof}tf 10790
12823 13218
9336
/sd olsg x'g ;s]g . k|rlnt 7317
sfg'gcg';f/ bflvnf ug'{kg{] /fh:j

lglZrt ;doleq bflvnf gug]{ JolQmsf]
sf/f]af/ Pj+ rn crn ;DklQ /f]Ssf
u/L c;'n ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf eP
%) cf}+ k|ltj]bg %! cf}+ k|ltj]bg %@ cf}+ k|ltj]bg %# cf}+ k|ltj]bg %$ cf}+ k|ltj]bg
tfklg sfof{nox?n] sfg'gadf]lhd
sf/afxL gu/]sf]n] /fh:j aSof}tfdf j[l4
ePsf] 5 .

aSof}tfdWo] ;/sf/n] ;/sf/L ;+:yfgaf6 k|fKt x'g'kg]{ ;fFjf Aofh ?=! va{ * ca{
^* s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . To:tf] k|fKt x'g afFsL ;fFjf AofhcGtu{t k|d'v ?kn] g]kfn ljB't
k|flws/0fsf] ?=*$ ca{ &( s/f]8, pbok'/ l;d]G6 pBf]usf] ?=@ ca{ ($ s/f]8, sf7df8f}+
pkTosf vfg]kfgL Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ?=! ca{ ^& s/f]8, a'6jn wfuf] sf/vfgfsf] ?=!
ca{ #% s/f]8, cf]l/olG6o6n DofUg];fO6sf] ?=! ca{ @! s/f]8, hgsk'/ r'/f]6 sf/vfgfsf]
?=! ca{ * s/f]8 / uf]/vfsfnL /a/ pBf]usf] ?=! ca{ % s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 .
 cfos/
21. cfo ljj/0f k]; gu/]sf] Y cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf (^ cg';f/ cfo jif+ ;dfKt ePsf]
# dlxgfleq :jo_s/ lgwf+/0f u/L bkmf (&, (* / !)) sf] cwLgdf /xL cfo ljj/0f k];
ug'+kg]{df 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nocGtu{tsf & s/bftfn] laqmL sf/f]af/ u/]sf] t/ cfo ljj/0f
k]; gu/]sf] cj:yfdf jt{dfg cfly{s P]gn] lbPsf] Joj:yfsf] cfwf/df ;d]t sf/f]af/
/sdsf] @ k|ltztn] ?=!% s/f]8 &% nfv c;'n x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . t;y{ s/ lgwf{/0f u/L
z'Ns / Aofh ;d]t c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
22. xjfO oftfoft – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf &) -!_ tyf bkmf ^& sf] ^-7_-@_ adf]lhd
u}/afl;Gbf JolQmn] xjfO{;]jf ;~rfng ubf{ g]kfnaf6 k|:yfg x'g] ;a} ofq'sf] cf];f/ k;f/sf]
s/ bflvnf ug'{kg]{df g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0fn] lbPsf] ofq' k|:yfg
ljj/0fcg';f/sf] cfos/ ;DalGwt xjfO{ ;]jf ;~rfnsn] a'emfPsf] b]lvPg . t;y{
ltg'{kg]{eGbf 36L bflvnf u/]sf] @ sfof{nosf ^ s/bftfaf6 ?=@* s/f]8 @# nfv s/
lgwf{/0f u/L c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
23. sd{rf/L jf]g; – jf]g; P]g, @)#) sf] bkmf % adf]lhd k|lti7fgn] v'b gfkmfsf] !) k|ltzt
jf]g; afkt 5'§\ofpg'kg]{] tyf P]gsf] bkmf !# adf]lhd jf]g; ljt/0f kl5 afFsL /x]sf]
/sdsf] #) k|ltztn] x'g] /sd /fli6«o:t/sf] sNof0fsf/L sf]ifdf / &) k|ltzt k|lti7fg
:t/sf] sNof0fsf/L sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefusf] @)&@.!!.@*
sf] kl/kqaf6 jf]g; /sd ljt/0f ge} afFsL /x]df cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf @%-!_-u_
adf]lhd tTsfn kl5Nnf] cfo jif{df cfodf ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . 7"nf s/bftf
sfof{nosf sfo{ If]qsf @ s/bftfsf] ;f]cg'?k sf]ifdf gk7fPsf] / s/bftfn] klxNo} vr{
s§L lnPsf] jf]g;nfO{ cfodf ;dfj]z ubf{ nfUg] s/ ?=% s/f]8 ## nfv lgwf{/0f u/L c;'n
ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
24. ljb]zL :yfoL ;+:yfkg – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf @ -sª_ df g]kfndf /x]sf] ljb]zL
:yfoL ;+:yfkg afl;Gbfdf u0fgf x'g] / ;f]xLadf]lhd s/bftfn] cfodf s/ s§L ug'{kg]{df
afnfh' If]qsf ! s/bftfsf] sf/f]af/ u}/afl;Gbfsf] 7]Ssf tyf s/f/cg'?k b]lvPsf]n]
s/bftfn] ljb]zdf e'QmfgL k7fPsf] cfodf nfUg] s/ ?=^ s/f]8 @ nfv c;'n ug'{kg]{df
u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . s/ /sd lgwf{/0f u/L z'Ns / Aofh ;d]t c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
25. /f]oN6L – 7"nfs/bftf sfof{nosf If]qsf Ps Sofl;gf] ;~rfnsaf6 @)&!.&@ / ;f]eGbf
cufl8 g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ a'emfpg'kg]{ /f]oN6L /sd vr{ s§L lnO{ rfn' bfloTjcGtu{t ?=^
s/f]8 e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{ lx;fadf v'nf;f u/]sf]df @)&!.$.! b]lv @)&#.#.#! ;Ddsf] s/

bflvnf;DaGwL ljB'tLo ljj/0f k/LIf0f ubf{ pQm /sd a'emfPsf]] b]lvPg . ;f] /sddf nfUg]
z'Ns / Aofh ;d]t u0fgf u/L c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
26. s/ 5'6 ;_:yfsf] sf/f]af/ Y cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf @[w{ df s/ 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yfsf]
Joj:yf 5 . s/ 5'6 x'g] ;+:yfn] p2]Zoa]u/ ;fdflhs / k/f]ksf/L sfo{sf] cltl/Qm a;
Joj;foL ;ldltn] ef8f cfDbfgL, l6«k Joj:yfkg z'Ns, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] art ;Íng Pj+
C0f nufgLaf6 Aofh cfo, ljB't laqmL / u}/;/sf/L :jf:Yo ;+:yfn] k]zfut ;]jf z'Ns,
:jf:Yo hfFr z'Ns, kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;]jf z'Ns, Jofkfl/s k|s[ltsf] sf/f]af/ u/L cfo k|fKt
u/]sf]n] ;f] cfo Pj+ artdf cfos/ ltg'{kg]{df & sfof{nosf !@ s/bftfn] ?=& s/f]8 @^
nfv s/ lt/]sf 5}gg\ . pko'{Qm cfodf s/ lgwf{/0f u/L z'Ns / Aofh ;d]t c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
27. cfosf] v08Ls/0f – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf #$ adf]lhd cfosf] v08Ls/0f ug{ gx'g]
Joj:yf 5 . ;Da4 JolQmaf6 a'emfpg'kg]{ dlb/fhGo j:t'sf] sf/f]af/df ltg'{kg]{ s/df sdL
Nofpg cfo ljefhg u/]sf] sf/0f 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nocGtu{tsf] Ps s/bftfaf6 dlb/fsf]
ˆn]j/ laqmLaf6 k|fKt s/of]Uo cfodf nfUg] s/ ?=# s/f]8 &# nfvdf z'Ns / Aofh lgwf{/0f
u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
28. dgL 6\fG;km/ tyf dr]{G6 a}+lsË ;]jf – d"No clej=l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] cg';"rL ! sf]
;d"x !! sf] [cf{ df ljQLo ;]jfnfO+ s/ 5'6 x'g] ;]jfdf /fv]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f]cg'?k Ps
:yfgaf6 csf]+ :yfgdf /sdsf] :yfgfGt/0f tyf nufgL;DaGwL sf/f]af/ ug]+ dgL 6\fG;km/
tyf dr]+G6 a}s ljQLo ;]jf;Fu ;DalGwt b]lvG5 . t/ tL ljQLo ;]jf k|jfx ug]+ ;_:yf
ljQLo ;]jfsf] cfwf/df d"No clej[l4 s/df btf{ ePsf] kfOPg . ljQLo ;]jf ePsf]
cfwf/df d"No clej[l4 s/df btf{ gePsf]n] ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ nfUg] #) k|ltztsf b/n] s/
ltg'k{ g]{df gltg]{ dgL 6«fG;km/tkm{ % sfof{nosf @! s/bftf / dr]{G6 a}Ítkm{ # sfof{nosf
( s/bftfaf6 gk'u % k|ltztn] 5'6 ePsf] s/ ?=$ s/f]8 #^ nfv c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
29. bL3+sfnLg s/f/ Y cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf @^ df !@ dlxgfeGbf a9L cjlwsf]
lgdf+0f s/f/cg';f/ cfo u0fgf ug]+ k|of]hgsf] nflu s/f/sf] ;DkGg k|ltztsf] qmda4
j=l4sf] of]ucg';f/ cfosf] lgwf+/0f tyf vr+ stL bfaL ug]+ Joj:yfcg'?k 7"nf s/bftf
sfof{no nufotsf @ s/bftfn] s/f/sf] ;DkGg k|ltztsf] cfwf/df cfosf] u0fgf ug'{kg]{df
q'l6k"0f{ u0fgf u/L 36L ePsf] s/ ?=@ s/f]8 (^ nfvdf z'Ns / Aofh lgwf{/0f u/L c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .
30. k|ltnlAw Y pBf]u ljefuaf6 k|sflzt sRrf kbfy+;DaGwL gD;+, @)^# cg';f/
sRrfkbfy+sf] vktsf] cfwf/df pTkfbg ug'+kg]+df $ sfof{nosf % s/bftfn] tf]lsPsf]
gD;{eGbf a9L vkt b]vfO{ Go"g pTkfbg u/]sf] sf/0f cfos/, d"No clej[l4 s/ tyf cGtM
z'Ns 36L lgwf{/0f ePsf] s/ ?=^ s/f]8 &@ nfvdf z'Ns / Aofh lgwf{/0f u/L c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .
31. lgoGq0fdf kl/jt+g Y cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf %& df s'g} lgsfosf] ljut # jif+
cl3;Dd /x]sf] :jfldTjsf] t'ngfdf %) jf ;f]eGbf a9L k|ltzt :jfldTj kl/jt+g ePdf
bkmf %&[!{ cg';f/ cfKgf] :jfldTjsf] ;DklQ jf cfk"mn] jxg u/]sf] bfloTj lg;u+ u/]sf]
dflgg] / bkmf %&[@{ adf]lhd s'g} lgsfosf] :jfldTj kl/jt+g ePdf To:tf] kl/jt+gkl5 ;f]
lgsfonfO+ bkmf @) adf]lhd gf]S;fgL s§f ug+, bkmf @)[${ adf]lhd gf]S;fgL ;fg+ cg'dlt
glbOg] k|fjwfg /x]sf]df 7"nf s/bftf sfof+nosf ! s/bftfn] ?=! s/f]8 %( nfvsf] hUuf
nufotsf cGo ;DklQsf] ahf/ d"Nocg';f/sf] nfe u0fgf gu/]sf] / cfGtl/s /fh:j
sfof{no, e}/xjf tyf s/bftf ;]jf sfof{no afnfh'sf @ s/bftfn] ut ljutsf] s§L
gkfpg] gf]S;fgL ?=@ s/f]8 (* nfv s§f u/]sf] sf/0f cfos/df kfg]{ k|efj olsg u/L s/
lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
32. cfo gb]vfPsf] Y cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf & df s'g} JolQmsf] s'g} cfo jif+df s'g}
Joj;fo ;~rfngaf6 ePsf] d'gfkmf / nfe cfodf ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{df cfGtl/s /fh:j
sfof{no If]q g+ ! nufotsf # sfof{nosf # s/bftfn] ?=&# s/f]8 @) nfvsf] laqmL /sd
Joj;fosf] cfodf gb]vfPsf] sf/0f pQm /sd cfodf ;dfj]z ubf{ nfUg] s/ ?=$ s/f]8 ^@
nfvdf z'Ns / Aofh lgwf{/0f u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
33. e'QmfgLdf s/ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] kl/R5]b !& df e'QmfgLdf s/ s§L ug'+kg]+ Joj:yf
5 . ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf ()[!{ df e'QmfgLdf s/ s§L ug'+kg]+ k|To]s JolQmn] k|To]s dlxgf
;dfKt ePsf] kRrL; lbgleq bflvnf ug'+kg]+ Joj:yf ;d]t /x]sf] 5 . 7"nf s/bftf
sfof{nocGt{ut @ s/bftfaf6 Joj:yfkg z['Ns tyf axfn /sd e'QmfgL x'Fbf ;f] vr{afkt
clu|d bflvnf x''g'kg]{ s/ ?=! s/f]8 %% nfv c;'n ug'{kg]{df u/]sf] gb]lvFbf pQm /sd
c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
34. s/bftf cg'udg Y cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf (^ cg';f/ cfo jif+ ;dfKt ePsf] #
dlxgfleq :jo_s/ lgwf+/0f u/L cfo ljj/0f k]; ug'+kb+5 . cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no e}/xjf
If]qsf # s/bftfn] ?=%) s/f]8 %* nfv;Ddsf] sf/f]af/ u/]sf] eG;f/ tYofÍaf6
b]lvPsf]df ;f] cg'?k sf/f]af/sf] cfo ljj/0f k]; u/L s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{df gu/L knfog
ePsf]n] sf/f]af/df nfUg] s/ ?=! s/f]8 ! nfvdf z'Ns / Aofh lgwf{/0f u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
35. laqmL km/s Y cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf &[u{ adf]lhd Jofkfl/s df}Hbft lg;u+af6 k|fKt
/sd / d"No clej=l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf !^ cg';f/ laqmL n]vfsg ug'+kg]+ tyf
cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf ** cg';f/ ;]jf z'Ns e'QmfgLdf d"No clej=l4 s/df btf+
gePsfaf6 !% / ePsfaf6 !-% k|ltzt clu|d s/ stL ug'+kg]{df cfGtl/s /fh:j
sfof{no, nlntk'/cGtu{tsf # s/bftfn] lg;u{af6 k|fKt s'n laqmL n]vfÍg gu/L 36L
laqmL b]vfPsf] sf/0fn] cfos/ tyf d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=@ s/f]8 ($ nfv Go"g bflvnf
ePsf] /sd s/ lgwf{/0f u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
36. Aofhsf] k'FhLs/0f – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !$ cg';f/ cfo jif{df k|of]u ul/Psf]
;DklQ vl/b ug{ k|of]u ul/Psf] C0fdf nfu]sf] Aofh vr{ s§L ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf 5 . t/
7"nf s/bftf sfof{no nufot ^ sfof{nocGtu{t ^ s/bftfn] k|of]udf gcfO;s]sf] ejg
lgdf0f{ tyf hUufdf k|of]u ePsf] C0f ?=@$ s/f]8 $* nfvsf]] Aofh vr{ ?=& s/f]8 ^$
nfv ;DalGwt ;DklQdf k'FhLs/0f gu/L vr{ s§L lnPsf]n] @ s/bftfsf] ?=@ s/f]8 &&
nfv gf]S;fgLdf ;dfof]hg u/L afFsL $ s/bftfsf] ?=$ s/f]8 *& nfv vr{ s§L cdfGo
ubf{ x'g] cfosf] s/ ?=! s/f]8 ( nfvdf z'Ns / Aofh s/ lgwf{/0f u/L c;'n ug'{kg]{
b]lvG5 .

37. ;Da4 ljb]zLaf6 C0f – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !$-!_ cg';f/ s'g} JolQmn] s'g} cfo
jif{df Joj;foaf6 ePsf] cfo;Fu ;DalGwt Aofh vr{ s§L ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf 5 .
7"nfs/bftf sfof{no If]qsf b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ Ps s/bftfn] ljb]zl:yt ;Da4
lgsfo g]b/Nof08sf] Ps sDkgLaf6 lnPsf] cNksfnLg C0fsf] Aofh b/ bf]xf]/f] s/d'lQm
;Demf}tfadf]lhd lnaf]/ /]6sf] cfwf/df ;fdfGo ahf/ b/cg';f/ $=%) k|ltzt x'g'kg]{df
lnaf]/ /]6eGbf a9L (=*# k|ltzt Aofh e'QmfgL u/]sfn] cf};tdf a9L Aofh vr{ s§L
lnPsf] %=## k|ltztn] C0f ?=# ca{ (# s/f]8 %# nfvsf] Aofh vr{ ?=@) s/f]8 (& nfv
vr{ s§L cdfGo ubf{ x'g] cfodf cfos/ P]g, @)%* cg';f/ ?=% s/f]8 @$ nfv lgwf{/0f
u/L c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
38. s/sf] b/ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] cg';"rL ! sf] @ [@{ cg';f/ vfg];'tL+, v}gL, dlb/f
tyf lao/sf] sf/f]af/ ug]+ lgsfosf] s/of]Uo cfodf #) k|ltztsf b/n] s/ bflvnf
ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . 7"nf s/bftf sfof{no nufot & sfof{nosf @% s/bftfn] ltg'{kg]{ #)
k|ltzteGbf 36L b/df s/ bflvnf u/]sf] ?=&@ nfv c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
39. clu|d s/ — cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf *&, ** / *( cg';f/ s/of]Uo /sd e'QmfgL ubf{
e'QmfgL ubf{s} cj:yfdf clu|d s/ s§L ug'{kg{]df @^ lgsfocGtu{tsf #$* sfof{non] ?=^
s/f]8 %% nfv clu|d s/ s§f gu/L /sd e'QmfgL u/]sf 5g\ . o;}u/L ;+ul7t ;+:yf, ;ldlt
/ cGo ;+:yf *# n] ?=! s/f]8 *! nfv s§f gu/]sf] ;d]t ?=* s/f]8 #^ nfv 5'6 s/ /sd
Aofh;lxt c;'n x'g'kb{5 . o;;DaGwL cGo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
39.1 u=x dGqfnon] ^ lghL x]lnsf]K6/ sDkgLnfO+ ?-!@ s/f]8 %! nfv ef8f e'QmfgL ubf+ !)
k|ltztn] s/ s§L ug'+kg]+df !=% k|ltztn] ?=!( nfv dfq s§L u/]sf]n] gk'u ?=! s/f]8 ^
nfv c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
39.2 s"6gLlts lgof]udf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] j}b]lzs eQfsf] &% k|ltzt /sd s/of]Uo cfoaf6
36fO{ af‘_sL /xg] /sddf cfos/ u0fgf ul/g] Joj:yfsf] kfngf ug{ ljut jif{b]lv g}
cf}+Nofpb} cfPsf]df ;f]sf] kfngf gu/L] k//fi6« dGqfnon] of] jif{ ## lgof]usf ljleGg txsf
!&# kbflwsf/Lsf] tna tyf j}b]lzs eQfsf] cfodf nfUg] s/dWo] ?=@ s/f]8 !) nfv 36L
s/ s§L u/]sf] 5 . sfg'gadf]lhd s/ ltg'{kg]{ bfloTj ePsf JolSQn] s/ gltg]{ / s/ c;'n
ug'{kg]{ ;DalGwt sfof{non] c;'npk/ u/]sf] 5}g . kfl/>lds s/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
39.3 o; jif{;Dd g]kfn /fi6« a}Ídf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf nflu ?=$ ca{ #( s/f]8 C0f ;'ljwf
k|bfg u/]sf]df cfos/ P]g, @)%* adf]lhd s/ of]Uo cfodf ;dfj]z u/L s/ c;'n u/]sf]
5}g .
39.4 cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf *&, ** / *( adf]lhd kfl/>lds cfo, ;]jf z'Ns, ef8f /
7]Ssfsf] /sd e'QmfgLdf clu|d cfos/ s§f ug'{kg]{df lqe'jg ljZjljBfNfo lzIf0f c:ktfn
;d]t #@ lgsfon] ?=(# nfv kfl/>lds s/, ? !! nfv axfn s/ / ?=! nfv cGo s/
;d]t ?=! s/f]8 % nfv s/ s§f u/]sf 5}gg\ . pQm /sd ;DalGwtaf6 c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
39.5 cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf ** / *( adf]lhd e'QmfgLdf s/ s§f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . of]
jif{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no $# n] lgodfg';f/ e'QmfgLdf s§L ug'{kg]{ cfos/ /
axfn s/ ?=^^ nfv s§L u/]sf] kfOPg .
 d"No clej[l4 s/
40. d"No clej[l4 s/ qm]l86 – d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ adf]lhd s/ ljj/0f ga'emfpg] #)
k|ltzt, s/bftfn] ;/sf/nfO{ ltg'{kg]{ -8]la6_ ljj/0f a'emfpg] !# k|ltzt, ;/sf/n]
s/bftfnfO{ lbg'kg]{ -qm]l86_ ljj/0f a'emfpg] %! k|ltzt / z"Go ljj/0f a'emfpg] #% k|ltzt
s/bftf /x]sf 5g\ . ljut # jif{sf] d"No clej[l4 s/ 8]la6 / qm]l86sf] k|j[lQ ljZn]if0f
b]xfodf b]vfOPsf] 5 .
ljut jif+sf] t'ngfdf 8]la6 ljj/0f 36]sf] / q]ml86 ljj/0f a9]sf] cj:yf 5 .
8]la6eGbf q]ml86 /sd $-(* u'0ff a9L b]lvPsf] 5 . ljefun] o; jif+ lkmtf+ u/]sf] d"No
clej=l4 s/ ?-% ca+ $% s/f]8nfO+ ;dfof]hg ug]+ xf] eg] 8]la6sf] t'ngfdf q]ml86 /sdsf]
cg'kft cem a9\g] b]lvG5 . plNnlvt cj:yfn] d"No clej[l4 s/ c;'nL Joj:yf k|efjsf/L
?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ g;s]sf] l:yltnfO{ ;+s]t ub{5 . t;y{ k|efjsf/L cg'udgdf hf]8
lbg'kb{5 .
41. ;dfg'kflts s/ s§L — d"No clej=l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf !& [#{ / lgodfjnL, @)%#
sf] lgod $)[${ adf]lhd ;dfg'kflts ?kdf vl/bdf lt/]sf] s/ s/of]Uo laqmL k|of]hgsf]
nflu k|of]u ePsf] xb;Dd dfq s§L ug{ kfpg], s/of]Uo / s/ 5'6sf] sf/f]af/df k|of]u
ePsf] vl/bdf lt/]sf] d"No clej[l4 s/ ;dfg'kflts s§L ug'{kg]{df # sfof{nosf !%
s/bftfn] ljleGg cfo jif{sf] sf/f]af/df ;dfg'kflts lx;fan] vl/bdf lt/]sf] d"No clej[l4
s/ ;dfof]hg gu/]af6 ?=%% s/f]8 %# nfv a9L q]ml86 bfaL u/]sf] b]lvFbf pQm /sd
8]la6 ;dfof]hg ug'{kg]{df gu/]sf]n] ;f]nfO{ cdfGo 3f]if0f u/L s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
pQm gkfpg] a9L q]ml86 bfaL /sddWo] Ps d]l8sn sn]hsf] k|d'v lx:;f s/
5'6sf] x'g] ePklg vl/bdf lt/]sf] ;Dk"0f+ s/ bfaL u/]sf] ?-!& s/f]8 *& nfv, Ps
c:ktfnn] k'_hLut ;DklQdf lt/]sf] s/ laqmL z'? eP kZrft\ lgb]+lzsfn] tf]s]adf]lhdsf]
cg'kftdf stf gu/]af6 a9L bfaL ?-$ s/f]8 &( nfv, Ps k|flws/0fn] s/ 5'6sf] laqmL
u/]klg vl/bsf] s/ k"/} bfaL u/]af6 ?-% s/f]8 ^( nfv tyf $ lgdf+0f sDkgLn] s/
5'6sf] sf/f]af/ u/]klg 8]la6 ;dfof]hg gu/]af6 ?-!# s/f]8 @! nfv a9L q]ml86 bfaL
u/]sf]n] s/ lgwf+/0f ug'+kg]+ b]lvG5 .

42. gkfpg] q]ml86 Y d"No clej=l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf !& cg';f/ s/bftfn] s/ nfUg]
laqmL;_u ;DalGwt vl/bdf lt/]sf] s/dfq s§L ug+ kfpg]df % sfof{nosf % s/bftfn]
s/of]Uo sf/f]af/ gu/]sf] t/ d"No clej[l4 s/ qm]l86 bfaL u/]sf] s/ ?=% s/f]8 @^ nfv
gkfpg] b]lvFbf lgwf{/0f u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
43. ;_/rgf lgdf+0fdf d"No clej=l4 s/ Y d"No clej=l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf *[#{ df
Jofj;flos k|of]hgsf] nflu lgdf+0f ul/g] krf; nfv ?k}of_eGbf a9Lsf] ;_/rgf btf+ gePsf]
JolQmaf6 lgdf+0f u/fPsf] eP klg btf+ ePsf] JolQmaf6 u/] ;/x dfgL ;f]sf] s/ lgwf+/0f
u/L c;'n ul/g] Joj:yfcg'?k ;+/rgf lgdf0f{df ;f] ;Ldf /sdeGbf a9Lsf] sf/f]af/ u/L
;+/rgf lgdf0f{ u/]sf !$ sfof{nosf $@ s/bftfaf6 d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=#& s/f]8 (^
nfv ;Íng x'g g;s]sf]df s/ lgwf{/0f u/L s/ /sddf z'Ns / Aofh ;d]t c;'n ug'{kg]{
b]lvG5 .
44. lwtf]kq a|f]s/ sld;g Y d"No clej=l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf % adf]lhd P]gsf] cg';"rL
! df g]kfnleq cfk"lt+ ePsf j:t' jf ;]jfdf d"No clej=l4 s/ nfUg]] Joj:yf 5 . d"No
clej=l4 s/ btf{ x'g'kg]{ bfloTj ePsf JolQmn] btf{ ge} sf/f]af/ u/]df s/ clws[tn] bkmf
20 adf]lhd s/ lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf / bkmf 29 df hl/afgf ;d]t ug]{ k|fjwfg /x]sf]
5 . lwtf]kqsf] a|f]s/ ;]jf k|bfg ug]+ s/bftfn] k|fKt ug]+ a|f]s/ sld;gdf d""No clej=l4
s/ 5'6 glbPsf]df s/bftf ;]jf sfof+no k'tnL;8s / gof_;8scGtu+tsf ( s/bftfn] ?-
$^ s/f]8 &) nfvsf] sf/f]af/ u/]sf]df ?-^ s/f]8 & nfv d"No clej=l4 s/ c;'n ePsf]
b]lvPg . pQm s/ /sd c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
45. s/ ;Íng – d"No clej[l¢ s/ P]g, @)%@ cg';f/ olb s'g} JolQmn] sf/f]af/ u/]sf] j:t'df
s/ nfUg] ePdf bkmf !%-#_ adf]lhd s/ ;Íng u/L cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{nodf bflvnf
ug'{kg]{ k|fjwfg 5 . h;cg'?k Ps k|flws/0fn] @)&!.&@ df ?=! ca{ !& s/f]8 &( nfv
s/of]Uo sf/f]af/ u/]sf] ePtf klg d"=c= s/ afkt ?=!% s/f]8 #! nfv p7fpg'kg]{df d"No
clej[l4 s/ aLhs hf/L u/L /fh:j bflvnf gu/]sf]n] c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
46. Sofˆ6]l/of ;~rfngdf d"No clej[l4s/ – d"No clej[l4s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] cg';"rL ! df
xf]6n, /]i6'/]06, u]i6 xfp;, Sofˆ6]l/of h:tfn] cfk"lt{ ug]{ vfgf tyf vfBdf d"No
clej[l4s/ 5'6 gx'g] / P]gsf] bkmf @) / @( df o:tf JolQmn] btf{ ge} sf/f]af/ u/]df s/
clws[tn] s/ lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, nlntk'/, eQmk'/ /
sf7df8f}+ If]q # tyf 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nosf ^ s/bftfn] ljBfno cfodf vfgf vfhfafkt
cfo / Ps k|flws/0fn] xjfO{ Sof6l/Ë / x\ofG8lnË z'Ns cfo u/]sf]df d"No clej[l4 s/ !#
k|ltztn] x'g] ?=# s/f]8 && nfv c;'n ug'{kg]{df u/]sf] gb]lvFbf pQm /sd c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
47. g]kfn aflx/sf] d"No clej[l4 s/ – d"No clej=l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf *[@{ df g]kfn
aflx/sf] btf+ gePsf] s'g} JolQmaf6 ;]jf k|fKt ug]+ JolQmn] d"No clej=l4 s/ P]g /
lgodadf]lhd s/ nfUg] d"Nodf e'QmfgLsf avt s/ lgwf+/0f / c;'npk/ ug'{kg]{df 7"nf
s/bftf sfof{nocGtu{tsf @ a]btf{jfnf s/bftfaf6 d"No clej[l4 s/ tyf ;]jfsf]
e'QmfgLdf s/ ?=! s/f]8 *( nfv c;'n gu/]sf]n] hl/afgf Pj+ Aofh ;d]t c;'n ug'{kb{5 .

48. j:t' ahf/ [sdf]l86L dfs]+6{ Y d"No clej=l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf %[!{s df g]kfn
/fHoleq cfk"lt+ ePsf j:t' jf ;]jfdf d"No clej=l4 s/ nfUg] / ;f]xL P]gsf] cg;"rL ! df
plNnlvt j:t' tyf ;]jfx?sf] sf/f]af/df s/ gnfUg] Joj:yf 5 . To:t} P]gsf] bkmf !&
pkbkmf [#{ df s'g} dlxgfdf sf/f]af/ ePsf] j:t' jf ;]jfsf] k"0f+ c_z s/ nfUg] sf/f]af/df
k|of]u gePdf pQm j:t' jf ;]jfdf lt/]sf] s/ j:t' jf ;]jfsf] s/ nfUg] sf/f]af/df k|of]u
ePsf] c_zdf dfq stL ul/g] pNn]v ePsf]df cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no If]q g++ @ cGtu{tsf]
sdf]l86L dfs]{6sf] sfo{ ug]{ ! s/bftfsf] ;]jf z'Nsdf d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=($ nfv c;'n
ug'{kg]{df gu/]sf]n] pQm /sd s/ lgwf{/0f u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
49. d"No clej=l4 s/ lkmtf{ Y cfly+s P]g, @)&@ n] ;_zf]wg u/]sf] d"No clej=l4 s/ P]g,
@)%@ sf] cg';"rL ! sf] ;d"x !! adf]lhd of] jif{ d"No clej=l4 s/ ?=% ca{ $% s/f]8
lkmtf{ lbPsf] 5 . o:tf] lkmtf{ /sd @)&).&! df ?=& ca{ # s/f]8, @)&!.&@ df ?=% ca{
&^ s/f]8 ;d]t # jif{df ?=!* ca{ @$ s/f]8 lkmtf{ ePsf] 5 . o; jif{ lkmtf{ lbPsf] dWo]
t]n pTkfbgsf ^ r/0fdWo] % r/0fsf] sfd ljb]zdf ;Dkfbg ePsf] / sRrf t]n cfoft
u/L ;fdfGo k|zf]wgkZrft\ KoflsË u/]/ laqmL ug]{ 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nosf !( s/bftfnfO{
?=! ca{ @) s/f]8 (% nfv lkmtf{ u/]sf] 5 . g]kfndf pTkfbg gePsf] df]afOn ;]6 cfoft
ug]{ & s/bftfnfO{ ?=&% s/f]8 @@ nfv lkmtf{ u/]sf] 5 . o:tf] k|lqmof k'g/fjnf]sg ug{
ljutsf k|ltj]bgdf ;'emfj lbPsf]df sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5}g .
6\ofAn]6 ;]6 cfoftdf lt/]sf] d"No clej[l4 s/ lkmtf{ ug{ gldNg]df @ sfof{nosf #
s/bftfnfO{ 6\ofAn]6 ;]6 cfoftsf] ?=^% nfv s/ /sd lkmtf{ lbPsf]n] pQm /sd c;'n
ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . To:t} 7"nfs/bftf sfof{nosf df]afOn k}7f/Lstf{ Psn] csf]{ kIfdfkm{t
:yfgLo laqmL u/L k'gM lgof{t u/]/ ;f] sf/f]af/af6 d"No clej[l4 s/afkt ;l~rt sf]ifdf
?=& s/f]8 (* nfv bflvnf u/]sf]df ?=!! s/f]8 () nfv lkmtf{ lnPsf]n] bflvnf u/]sf]
eGbf a9L lkmtf{ ePsf] ?=# s/f]8 (! nfv s/ lgwf{/0f u/L c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
50. s/ aLhs – d"No clej[l4 s/ lgodfjnL, @)%# sf] lgod !& cg';f/ d"No clej[l4 s/df
btf{ ePsf k|To]s JolQm jf kmd{n] s'g} j:t' jf ;]jf cfk"lt{ ubf{ s/ clws[tn] cGoyf
:jLs[t u/]b]lv afx]s k|fksnfO{ cg';"rL–% / %-s_ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf s/ aLhs hf/L u/L
k]; ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf lgDgfg';f/ b]lvPsf] 5 .
50.1 ;fFkm]au/ d+un;]g dft{8L ;8s of]hgfn] k'n lgdf+0f ug+ vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf] Ps pkqmd
cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefusf] ljB'tLo ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf vf]hL ubf+ d"No clej=l4 s/df btf+
ePsf] gb]lvPsf]n] ;f] pkqmdnfO+ d"No clej=l4 s/afkt e'QmfgL u/]sf] ?-@$ nfv c;'n
ug'+kb+5 .
50.2 :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu, cfk"lt{ Joj:yf dxfzfvfaf6 ljleGg pks/0fx? cGt/f{li6«o af]nkqaf6
cfk"lt{ ubf{ g]kfnleq nfUg] s/ cfk"t{snfO{ dxfzfvfn] zf]wegf{ u/]sf] 5 . 7]Ssf ubf{ g}
dfn;fdfgsf] d"No ljb]zL d'b|fdf ePsf]n] g]kfnleq nfUg] s/ zf]wegf{sf] ?kdf lbg'kg]{df %
cfk"lt{stf{n] eG;f/ laGb'df 3f]if0ff u/L e'QmfgL u/]sf] d"No clej[l4 s/eGbf ?=!# nfv a9L
d"No clej[l4 s/ zf]wegf{ lbPsf] b]lvof] . a9L e'QmfgL /sd c;'n x'g'kb{5 .

50.3 ;z:q k|x/L an, k|wfg sfof{non] # cfk"t+saf6 aLhs gDa/ gv'n]sf], ;RofPsf] tyf
xftn] n]v]sf] s/ aLhssf] ?-#@ nfv / dxfsfnL gbL lgoGq0f cfof]hgfn] ?-@ s/f]8 !(
nfv ;d]t ?-@ s/f]8 %@ nfv s/ aLhs a]u/ d"No clej=l4 s/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 .
50.4 /fgL hd/f s'nl/of l;FrfO cfof]hgfsf Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] ljlgdo km/s k/]sf] ?=$
s/f]8 ($ nfv / l;S6f l;FrfO cfof]hgfsf csf{ lgdf{0f Aoj;foLn] ?=! s/f]8 %! nfv
e'QmfgL lnFbf s/ aLhs k]; u/]sf 5}gg\ . lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] pQm /sd cfˆgf] cfo
ljj/0fdf klg ;dfj]z u/]sf 5}gg\ . ctM sfg'gadf]lhd sf/afxL u/L s/ bfloTj olsg
u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
50.5 of] jif{ vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ l8lehg sfof{no ?kGb]xL, gjnk/f;L nufot ^ sfof{non]
aLhs gDa/ xftn] n]v]sf] Pj+ s]/d]6 ePsf] cj:yfdf ?=#) nfv / d]nDrL vfg]kfgL
ljsf; ;ldltn] ?=@ s/f]8 $% nfv ;d]t ?=@ s/f]8 &% nfv d"No clej[l4 s/ e'QmfgL
u/]sf] b]lvof] . pQm d"No clej[l4 s/ ;DalGwt cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{nodf bflvnf jf
;dfof]hg x'g'kb{5 .
50.6 d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf !$-!_ df k|To]s btf{ ePsf] JolQmn] tf]lsP
adf]lhdsf] cj:yfdf afx]s s'g} j:t' jf ;]jf cfk"lt{ ubf{ k|fksnfO{ aLhs lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf
5 . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, ;Kt/L, ;f]n'v'Da', ?s'd nufot !& n] &# kmd{nfO{
j:t' jf ;]jf vl/bafkt ?=*^ nfv (^ xhf/ d"No clej[l4 s/ e'QmfgL ubf{dN" o clej[l4
s/ aLhs lnPsf] b]lvPg . d"No clej[l4 s/ aLhs a]u/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] s/ /sd c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .
50.7 d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf !%-#_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, emfkf,
;'g;/L, wg'iff nufot @# n] of] jif{ c;'n u/]sf] 7]Ssfsf] cfDbfgL ?=## s/f]8 $) nfvsf]
d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=$ s/f]8 #$ nfv c;'n u/]sf] 5}g . To:t} lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf]
sfof{no l;Gw'kfNrf]sn] cdfgtaf6 u/]sf] cfo c;'nLsf] d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=@* nfv
bflvnf u/]sf] 5}g .
 eG;f/ Pj+ cGtz'Ns

51. b/aGbL km/s kf/L 36L c;'nL — eG;f/ sfof{nox?n] k}7f/L ePsf ;fdfgsf] hfFrkf; ubf{+
cfly{s P]g, @)&@ sf] cg';"rL ! / eG;f/ b/aGbL k'l:tsfdf plNnlvt ;+s]t gDa/cg';f/
dfnj:t'sf] oyfy{+ ;+s]t lglZrt u/L hfFrkf; ug{'kg{]df d]rL, lj/f6gu/, jL/uGh,
;'VvfaGb/ufx, lqe'jg ljdfg:yn / e}/xjf ;d]t ^ eG;f/ sfof{non] km/s ;+s]t gDa/
tyf b/aGbL nufO{ :6f]/]h 6\ofFsL, Soflag]6, l;|+s l:ne, q]mgn/L, cfNd'lgod ;s{n,
Unf;lj8\;, 6fo/, b"/;~rf/ pks/0f, P8K6/, df]afOn ;]6sf] se/ cflb dfnj:t' ljleGg
k}7f/Lstf{n] k}7f/L ubf{ 36L /fh:j c;'n u/]sf] ?=* s/f]8 &) nfv ;DalGwt
kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ /fh:j bflvnf x'g'kb{5 .
52. k}7f/L cGtMz'Ns — cfly{s P]g, @)&@ df plNnlvt cGtMz'Ns P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf # ;Fu
;DalGwt cGtMz'Ns b/aGbLcg';f/ k}7f/L ePsf dfnj:t'df cGtMz'Ns c;'n ug'{kg]{df
lj/f6gu/, jL/uGh, ;'VvfaGb/ufx / e}/xjf ;d]t $ eG;f/ sfof{noaf6 ljleGg
k}7f/Lstf{x?n] k}7f/L u/]sf] 6]lnlehg, lkmn/dfi6/ Aofr, lyg/ cflb dfnj:t'df cGtMz'Ns
c;'n gu/]sf] jf 36L c;'n u/]sf] ?=## s/f]8 &@ nfv nufotsf cGo dx;'n s/ c;'n
x'g'kb{5 .
;f]dWo] cfly{s P]g, @)&@ sf] cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf !$-#_-k_ df 6]lnlehg P;]Dan
ug]{] pBf]ux?n] 6]lnlehg h8fgsf] nflu cfjZos kf6+k'hf+x? k}7f/L k|of]hgsf] nflu 5'6}
eG;f/ b/aGbL Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . lj/f6gu/, jL/uGh, ;'VvfaGb/ufx / e}/xjf eG;f/
sfof+noaf6 6]lnlehg h8fg ug]+ pBf]usf] nflu Joj:yf ul/Psf] ljz]if b/aGbL k|of]u
gu/L dd+t k|of]hgsf] nflu kf6+k'hf+ k}7f/L ubf+ k|of]u ug]+ b/aGbL k|of]u u/]af6 5'6 ePsf]
/fh:j ?-#! s/f]8 *# nfv 5'6 ePsf] 5 .
53. 5'6 ;'ljwf — cfly{s P]g, @)&@ / cfly{s P]g @)&# cg';f/ ;DalGwt pBf]u jf
k}7f/Lstf{x?n] k}7f/L ug]{ sRrfkbfy{df / tf]lsPsf] dfnj:t' k}7f/L u/]sf] cj:yfdf dfq
eG;f/ dx;'n, cGtMz'Ns / d"No clej[l4 s/ 5'6 lbg] Joj:yf /x]sf]df, lqe'jg ljdfg:yn,
d]rL, lj/f6gu/, ;'Vvf aGb/ufx / e}/xjf ;d]t % eG;f/ sfof{noaf6 ljleGg
k}7f/Lstf{x?n] k}7f/L u/]sf] 6fj/, lkgf, ;f]oflag, ds}, x:tsnfsf ;dfgx?, xjfOhxfhsf
kf6{k'hf{ cflb dfnj:t' k}7f/L ubf{ k}7f/Lstf{x?nfO{ gkfpg] ?=% s/f]8 $) nfv 5'6 ;'ljwf
lbPsf] /sd c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
54. w/f}6L tyf nutdf ;'ljwf — cfly{s P]g, @)&@ sf] cg;"rL ! df s'g} vf; sfo{ jf
k|of]hgsf] nflu w/f}6L tyf nutdf k}7f/L ug]{ ;'ljwf k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . lqe'jg ljdfg:yn /
jL/uGh eG;f/ sfof{noaf6 ljleGg k}7f/Lstf{x?n] rnlrq 5fofFsg;DaGwL pks/0f,
l;d]G6 nufotsf ljlEfGg dfnj:t' k}7f/L ubf{ /fh:j bflvnf ug'{kg]{ ?=% s/f]8 &% nfv
w/f}6L tyf nutdf k}7f/L u/]sf] 5 . pQm dfnj:t' lkmtf{ ePsf] gb]lvPsf]n] ;f] afkt k|fKt
x'g'kg]{ /fh:j c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
55. lnhdf k}7f/L — lqe'jg ljdfg:yn eG;f/ sfof{noaf6 Ps xjfO;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfx?n]
xjfOhxfh lnhdf k}7f/L ubf{ ?=$ s/f]8 c;'n u/] klg / s]xLdf w/f}6L /fvL hfFrkf; ug{]+
u/]sf] 5 . lnh k}7f/L ;DaGwdf :ki6 Joj:yf gePsf]n] cGt/f{li6«o c;n cEof;cg'?k
lnhdf k}7f/L ubf{ 5'§} eG;f/ b/aGbLsf] Joj:yf u/L dx;'n c;'n ul/g'kb{5 .
56. a}s Uof/]G6L Y eG;f/ lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !^ df a08]8 j]o/ xfp;sf]
Ohfhtkqjfnfn] lgsf;L jf :jb]zdf g} kl/jTo+ ljb]zL d'b|fdf laqmL ul/g] dfnj:t' pTkfbg
ug+ cfjZos kg]+ sRrf kbfy+df nfUg] dx;'n a}s hdfgt lbO+ k}7f/L u/]sf] sRrf kbfy+af6
!! dlxgfleq tof/L j:t' agfO+ lgsf;L gu/]df jf Dofb yksf] cjlw ;d]t ;dfKt ePsf]
cj:yfdf a}s hdfgtaf6 eG;f/ dx;'ndf nfUg] @% k|ltzt yk /sd c;'n ul/g] Joj:yf
5 . lj/f6gu/, lqe'jg ljdfg:yn, jL/uGh, ;'VvfaGb/ufx / e}/xjf eG;f/ sfof+noaf6
^# pBf]un] a}s Uof/]G6Lsf] cfwf/df k}7f/L u/]sf] sRrfkbfy+af6 ;f] cjlwleq tof/L j:t'
lgsf;L u/]sf] gb]lvPsf]n] tL pBf]ux?n] k}7f/L u/]sf] sRrfkbfy+df nfUg] eG;f/ dx;'n /
;f]sf] @% k|ltzt yk dx;'n ;d]t ?-* s/f]8 ** nfv c;'n ug+'kb+5 .

57. KoflsË d]6]l/on qm]l86 Y cGtMz'Ns P]g, @)%* df cfly+s P]g, @)&@ n] cGtMz'Ns P]g,
@)%* sf] bkmf #[s{ ;_zf]wg u/L cGtMz'Ns nfUg] j:t' pTkfbgdf k|of]u x'g] sRrf
kbfy+sf] vl/bdf lt/]sf] cGtMzNs s6\6f ug+ kfOg] t/ ;xfos sRrfkbfy+ [Koflsu
d]6]l/on{ vl/bdf lt/]sf] cGtMz'Ns stf ug+ gkfOg] pNn]v u/]sf]df s/bftf ;]jf
sfof{no, sf]6]Zj/cGtu{tsf Ps s/bftfn] ?=! s/f]8 $% nfv KoflsË d]6]l/ondf lt/]sf]
cGtMz'Ns q]ml86 bfaL u/]sf]n] ;f] /sd c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
58. htL+ Y cGtMz'Ns lgodfjnL, @)%(sf] lgod @#[s{ df lao/ pTkfbg ug]+ pBf]unfO+
tof/L af]tn aGbL ubf+ knf]ld6/n] b]vfPsf] kl/df0feGbf af]tnaGbL kl5sf] af]tn sfpG6/n]
b]vfPsf] df}Hbft sdL ePdf a9Ldf !=% k|ltzt;Dd / kfZrf/fOh];g, Kofs]lhË tyf
uf]bfd e08f/0f ubf+ 6'6k'm6 lao/sf] ef}lts k/LIf0f ubf+ a9Ldf @ k|ltzt;Dd ldgfxf lbg
;Sg] Joj:yfcg'?k cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof+no, e/tk'/cGtu+tsf] Ps lao/ pBf]un]
knf]ld6/ lalu|Psf] cj:yfdf ;d]t kfZrf/fOh];g / Koflsutk+m @ k|ltzteGbf a9L htL+
bfaL u/L ldgfxf lnPsf] cGtMz'Ns ?-!@ s/f]8 @$ nfv lgwf{/0f u/L c;'n ug'+kb+5 .
d"No clej=l4 s/tk+m sltko s/bftfn] s/ ljj/0f ga'emfPsf,] aLhspk/ cfjZos
5fglag gx'_bf ;/sf/n] d"No clej=l4 s/ lkmtf+ ug'+kg]+ [qm]l86{ ljj/0f a'emfpg] s/bftf
8]la6 a'emfpg]sf] t'ngfdf cTolws /x]sf], gkfpg] d"No clej=l4 s/ q]ml86 bfaL u/]sf],
;dfg'kflts q]ml86 stf gu/]sf], Joj;fo;_u c;DalGwt vl/b b]vfO+ q]ml86 bfaL u/]sf]
sf/0f d"No clej=l4 s/ q]ml86 oyfy+k/s 5}g . o;af6 /fh:j c;'nLdf sdL cfPsf] 5 .
s/ k|0ffnLsf] sfof+Gjog kIf lkmtnf] /x]sf], s/ gltg+]nfO+ sfg'gadf]lhd sf/jfxL ug+'kg+]df
s/ km5|of}+6 cfof]u u7g u/L s/ ldgfxf lbPsf], cfly+s P]gdf /fh:j 5'6 lbg] Joj:yf
u/L /fh:jdf 5'6 lbg] kl/kf6L a9]sf], ;DefJo ;a} s/bftfnfO+ s/sf] bfo/fdf Nofpg
g;s]sf], sfg'gn] tf]s]eGbf 36L /fh:j c;'n u/]sf], /fh:j aSof}tf a9\b} uPsf], s/f]8f}_
sf/f]af/ u/]klg s/bftf knfog x'_bf cg'udg ug+ g;s]sf], s/ 5'6sf] k|df0fkq lnO+ s/
nfUg] sf/f]af/ u/]sf] cflb sf/0faf6 /fh:j k|zf;gsf] k|efjsfl/tf ck]lIft ?kdf a9\g
;s]sf]] b]lvb}g . t;y+ /fh:j c;'nL a9fpg klxrfg ul/Psf ljs=ltdf ;'wf/ u/L /fh:j
k|zf;gdf yk lqmofzLntf Nofpg /fh:j k|zf;gnfO+ lhDd]jf/ agfO+ sfg'gsf] sfof+Gjogdf
uDeL/tf b]vfpg' cfjZos 5 .
 cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg
59. /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgf – d'n'ssf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; tyf hgtfnfO{ ;]jf ;'ljwf
lj:tf/ ug{ pRr k|fyldstfdf /fvL sfof{Gjog ul/Psf /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfx?sf]
@)&@.&# ;Ddsf] vr{ / k|ult lgDgfg';f/ 5M

-?=s/f]8df_
;DkGg x'g] s'n nfut xfn;Ddsf] ef}lts k|ult
l;=g cfof]hgfsf] gfd z'? jif{
jif{ cg'dfg vr{ k|ltzt
1 d]nDrL vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf 2055/56 2073/74 23,45 1814 82.00
2 dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL cfof]hgf 2067/68 2073/74 41,72 32,54 82.30
3 k'iknfn -dWokxf8L_ nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgf 2064/65 2074/75 33,37 1380 41.35
4 a'9Lu08sL hnljB't cfof]hgf 2069/70 2077/78 2,78,19 1,27 5.11
5 uf}tda'4 cGt/f{li6\o ljdfg:yn 2070/71 2075/76 6,23 1,27 24.00
^ /fgLhd/f l;_rfO cfof]hgf 2066/67 2074/75 12,63 6,13 58.16
7 l;S6f l;_rfO cfof]hgf 2059/60 2076/77 25,02 12,01 47.69
8 aaO{ l;_rfO cfof]hgf 2045/46 2074/75 12,58 4,80 32.49
9 e]/L aaO+ 8fOe;{g 2068/69 2077/78 16,43 1,81 18.00
10 klZrd ;]tL hnljB't cfof]hgf – – – – –
11 kz'klt If]q ljsf; sf]if 2057/58 2067/68 2,03 17 25.00
12 n'lDjgL If]q ljsf; sf]if 2010 2017 7,00 69 55.00
13 kf]v/f If]qLo cGt/f{li6\o ljdfg:yn 2071/72 2076/77 21,51 2,12 20.00
14 bf];|f] cGt/f{li6\o ljdfg:yn lghu9 2071/72 – – 3 15.00
15 sf7df8f} t/fO{ kmfi6 6\ofs 2065/66 2074/75 @,%),)) 2,13 7.8
16 k"j{ klZrd /]ndfu 2066/67 2075/76 6,89,67 449 5.96
17 pQ/ blIf0f nf]sdfu{, s0ff{nL 2064/65 2079/80 3,40 44 17.35
18 pQ/ blIf0f nf]sdfu{, sf]zL 2065/66 2077/78 2,05 -
19 pQ/ blIf0f nf]sdfu{, sfnL u08sL 2066/67 2076/77 25,45 -
20 x'nfsL nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgf 2066/67 2074/75 35,80 727 15.4
21 /fi6\klt r'/]–t/fO{ dw]z ;+/If0f ljsf; ;ldlt 2067/68 2072/73 1,96 293 -
b|i6JoM aaO{, l;S6f l;FrfO cfof]hgf, a'9Lu08sL hnljB't cfof]hgf, kf]v/f If]qLo cGt/f{li6«o
ljdfg:ynsf] s'n nfutdf ;+zf]wg ePsf]n] ef}lts k|ult ut jif{eGbf km/s b]lvPsf] 5 .
To:t} kz'klt If]q ljsf; sf]ifsf] u'?of]hgfleqsf] ef}lts k|ult ut jif{sf] eGbf km/s k/]sf]
pNn]v 5 .
59.1 d]nDrL vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf @)%%.%^ af6 z'? ePsf] / s'n nfut cg'dfg ?=@# ca{ $%
s/f]8 /x]sf]df xfn;Dd ?=!* ca{ !$ s/f]8 vr{ e} *@ k|ltzt ef}lts k|ult ePsf] 5 .
x]8jS;{, ;'?ª lgdf{0f, kfgL k|zf]wg s]Gb| lgdf{0f sfo{ @)&#.&$ df ;DkGg ug]{ nIo
/x]sf]df @)&# df3 d;fGt;Dd x]8jS;{ lgdf{0f @( k|ltzt, ;'?ª lgdf{0f @&=%
lsnf]ld6/dWo] @@=^^ lsnf]ld6/ ;DkGg eO{ $=*$ lsnf]ld6/ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . kfgL k|zf]wg
s]Gb|tkm{ !& s/f]8 ln6/ Ifdtfsf] Pp6f k|zf]wg s]Gb| agfpg'kg]{df * s/f]8 %) nfv
ln6/sf] Ps kfgL k|zf]wg s]Gb| lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg x'g] qmddf /x]sf] / csf]{ ;f]xL Ifdtfsf]
k|zf]wg s]Gb| agfpg 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf eP klg xfn;Dd lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? u/]sf] 5}g . ;'?ª
vGg] qmddf sdhf]/ r§fg km]nf kg'{, d]l;g pks/0f k'/fgf x'g', aGb x8\tfn e"sDk
nufotsf sf/0f b]vfO{ lgdf{0fdf l9nfO ePsf]n] tf]lsPsf] ;dodf sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ sl7g
b]lvG5 .
59.2 dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL cfof]hgfsf] s'n $%^ d]ufjf6 hnljB't pTkfbg ug]{ nIo /x]sf] 5 .
cfof]hgf @)^& df z'? eO{ @)&@.&# df ;DkGg x'g] cg'dfg /x]sf] eP tfklg ;Ldf If]qdf
ePsf] cj/f]w tyf e"sDk nufotsf] sf/0faf6 @)&$.&% df ;DkGg x'g] ;+zf]lwt cg'dfg
/x]sf] 5 . @)&#.&$ sf] k|yd rf}dfl;s cjlw;Dd cfof]hgfsf] x]8jS;{ s+lqm6sf] sfo{
*%=# k|ltzt, d'Vo ;'?ªsf] sfo{ *!=* k|ltzt / ljB'tu[x Pj+ 6«fG;kmd{/ Sofeg{ s+lqm6sf]
sfo{ *(=# k|ltzt;Dd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . e"sDksf] sf/0faf6 cfof]hgfsf] d'Vo ;+/rgfsf]
lgdf{0f sfo{ cj?4 ePsf]n] ;f]xLadf]lhd ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf], cfof]hgf /x]sf]
:yfgsf] e"agf]6 sdhf]/ ePsf]n] yk cWoog ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] h:tf sf/0fn] sfo{ ;DkGg
ug{ l9nfO x'g uPsf] b]lvG5 .
59.3 dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{cGtu{t kfFry/sf] lrof]eGHofËb]lv a}t8Lsf] e'mnf3f6;Ddsf] cg'dflgt
nDafO{ sl/a ! xhf/ &&^ lsnf]ld6/ 6«ofs dfq v'n]sf] 5 . pQm ;8s @)^$.^% df z'?
eO{ @)&$.&% df ;DkGg x'g] nIo /x]sf] 5 . s'n nfut ?=## ca{ #& s/f]8dWo] xfn;Dd
?=!# ca{ *) s/f]8 vr{ eO{ $!=#% k|ltztdfq ljQLo k|ult ePsf] 5 . of]hgf cjlwleq
/]vfÍgdf kg]{ ;a} k'nx?sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ tyf :t/f]Gglt x'g afFsLdWo] #%)
lsnf]ld6/ ;8s :t/f]Gglt ug]{ u/L nIo lgwf{/0f u/]sf]df ;f] cjlwsf] jflif{s k|ult
k|ltj]bgadf]lhd s'n @!! lsnf]ld6/ cyf{t\ ^)=@* k|ltzt ;8s :t/f]Gglt ePsf] b]lvG5 .
k"jL{ v08sf $) dWo] @! k'nsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ af_sL g} /x]sf]n] tf]lsPsf] ;dodf of]hgfsf]
nIo k|fKt x'g] cj:yf b]lvPg .
59.4 a'9L u08sL hnljB't cfof]hgfcGtu{t uf]/vf / wflbª lhNnfsf] ;Ldfdf /x]sf] a'9Lu08sL
gbLdf hnfzoo'Qm afFw agfP/ !@)) d]ufjf6 ljB't pTkfbg ug]{ nIo /x]sf] 5 . *
jif{leq ;DkGg ug]{ u/L @)^( b]lv ;~rflnt of] cfof]hgfsf] nfut cg'dfg ?=@ va{ &*
ca{ !( s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . cfof]hgf ;~rfngsf] df]8fln6L :jLs[lt Pj+ lgod th'{df
eOg;s]sf] ;f] cfof]hgfdf xfn;Dd ?=! ca{ @& s/f]8 vr{ e} %=!! k|ltzt ef}lts k|ult
ePsf] 5 . cfof]hgf ;~rfngsf] nflu cfjZos hUuf vl/b ug{ of] jif{ ?=@ va{ () s/f]8
ljlgof]hg ePsf]df ?=# s/f]8 (( nfv -!=#* k|ltzt_ vr{ ePsf] 5 .
59.5 uf}tda'4 cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn] j}slNks cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn ljsf; ug{ df}h'bf
uf}tda'4 ljdfg:ynsf] wfjgdfu{nfO{ :t/f]Gglt u/L gofF wfjgdfu{, cGt/f{li6«o ejg,
Po/kf]6{ ck/]zg nufot ;~rf/ tyf kyk|b{zs ;fdu|L h8fg u/L cGt{/fli6«o
ljdfg:ynsf] ?kdf :t/f]Gglt ug]{ nIo lnPsf]df wfjgdfu{ nufot cGt/f{li6«o ejg
lgdf{0ffwLg cj:yfdf /x]sf] / pks/0f h8fg ;DaGwdf af]nkq cfXjfg u/L d"NofÍg ePsf]
5 . cfof]hgfdf bIf sd{rf/Lsf] cefj x'g,' cfk"lt{stf{n] ;dodf ;fdfg pknAw gu/fpg',
cfly{s Joj:yfkg /fd|/L ug{ g;Sg' cflb sf/0fn] ;dodf sfd x'g ;s]sf] b]lvPg .
59.6 /fgLhd/f s'nl/of l;FrfO of]hgfn] s}nfnL lhNnfsf] /fgL hd/f / s'nl/of gx/ k|0ffnLsf]
;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ / ;DefJo If]qdf l;FrfOsf] lj:tf/ u/L @) xhf/ # ;o x]S6/df l;FrfO
;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] p2]Zo lnPsf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf] xfn lr;fkfgLdf OG6]s tyf ln+s
Sofg]n lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf], lr;fkfgLb]lv anrf}/;Dd d"n gx/ tyf ;]6lnª a]l;g
lgdf{0f / s6f;]b]lv df]xgf;Dd lkm8/ gx/ lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf]
nfut cg'dfg ?=!@ ca{ ^# s/f]8 /x]sf]df xfn;Dd ?=^ ca{ !# s/f]8 vr{ ePsf] 5 .
cfof]hgf @)^^.^& df z'? eO{ @)&$.&% df ;DkGg ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df ;DkGg ug{ @ jif{
afFsL x'Fbf nfut cg'dfgsf] $*=%% k|ltzt vr{ / nIosf] %*=!^ k|ltzt ef}lts k|ult
ePsf] 5 . lgdf{0f sfo{df :yfgLo lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] cefj -9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf_, hUuf
clwu|x0fdf ljjfbsf sf/9fn] l9nfO, bIf hgzlQmsf] cefj, jg If]qleqaf6 gx/sf] /]vfÍg
x'g', cGt/lgsfo ;dGjosf] cefj h:tf ;d:of /x]sf 5g\ .
59.7 afFs] lhNnfsf] $# xhf/ x]S6/ hldgdf l;FrfO ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg l;S6f l;FrfO
cfof]hgfsf] z'? nfut ?=& ca{ $$ s/f]8 ePsf]df kl5Nnf] k6s ;+zf]lwt nfut cg'dfg
?=@% ca{ @ s/f]8 sfod ePsf] 5 . cfof]hgf ;DkGg x'g] ;dofjlw tLg k6s ;+zf]wg u/L
@)&^.&& ;Dd k'¥ofPsf] 5 . xfn;Dd ?=!@ ca{ ! s/f]8 -%@=$& k|ltzt_ vr{ eO{ $&=^(
k|ltzt ef}lts k|ult /x]sf] 5 . of]hgfdf @)&@.&# ;Dd x]8jS;{ tyf #% lsnf]ld6/
d"ngx/ lgdf{0f sfo{ ePsf] 5 . zfvf gx/x? / sdf08If]q ljsf; ug]{ sfo{sf] lj:t[t 8«Oª
l8hfOg, nfut cg'dfg tof/L nufotsf sfo{ z'? ePsf] 5}g . lgdf{0f ;fdu|L -lu§L, 9'Ëf,
afn'jf_ cfk"lt{df sl7gfO /x]sf], d"ngx/df k|of]u x'g] gbLhGo lgdf{0f ;fdu|L pNvgg\,
;Íng tyf k|zf]wgsf] ;DaGwdf yk :yfgLo z'Ns dfu ePsf] sf/0f cfof]hgf
sfof{Gjogdf ;d:of pTkGg x'g uPsf] 5 . o;/L l9nfO x'Fbf cfof]hgfsf] nfut j[l4 x'Fb}
uPsf] 5 .
59.8 aaO{ l;FrfO of]hgfn] alb{of lhNnfdf l;FrfO ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg @)$% b]lv z'? e} @)&$.&%
;Dd ;DkGg ug]{ nIo lnPsf] 5 . o; jif{ ;+zf]wg eP kZrft\ s'n nfut cg'dfg ?=!@
ca{ %* s/f]8 sfod ePsf] 5 . u'?of]hgfadf]lhd ;DkGg ug{ @ jif{ afFsL /xFbf pQm
cfof]hgfdf ?=$ ca{ *) s/f]8 vr{ eO{ #@=$( k|ltzt ef}lts k|ult ePsf]n] tf]lsPsf]
;dodf cfof]hgf ;DkGg x'g] cj:yf b]lvPg .
59.9 e]/L aaO{ 8fOe;{g cfof]hgfn] e]/L gbLsf] kfgLnfO{ ;'v]{t lhNnfl:yt lrKn]df afFw lgdf{0f
u/L $=@ ld= Jof;sf] !@ lsnf]ld6/ nfdf] ;'?ªaf6 aaO{ gbLdf ld;fO{ ljB't pTkfbg / %!
xhf/ x]S6/ hldgdf l;FrfO ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] @)^*.^( df z'? u/L @)&%.&^ df
;DkGg ug]{ nIo /x]sf] 5 . cfof]hgfcGtu{t $* d]ufjf6 ljB't ;d]t pTkfbg x'g] /
cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfut ?=!^=$# ca{ /x]sf]df @)&# cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd cfof]hgf
Joj:yfkg, lgdf{0f sfo{ tyf k/fdz{ ;]jf ;d]tdf ?=! ca{ *@ s/f]8 vr{ ePsf] b]lvG5 .
cfof]hgfsf] 6g]n af]l/ª d]l;gaf6 vGg] sfo{ @)&^.!@.!% leq ;DkGg ug]{ u/L Ps ljb]zL
lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=!) ca{ %& s/f]8df ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ 6g]n
lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ cjlwsf] @# k|ltzt JotLt eO;s]sf] eP tfklg xfn;Dd ?=(^
s/f]8 @( nfvdfq vr{ eO{ lgdf{0f sfo{df l9nfO x'g] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
59.10 klZrd ;]tL hnljB't cfof]hgfn] ;g\ @)!# ;Dddf lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bg
a'emfpg'kg]{df @)!& df a'emfPsf] / g]kfn ;/sf/ / Ps lrlgof sDkgL;Fu @)&# df3df
o; cfof]hgfsf] nufgL ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fsf] @%
k|ltzt nufgL tyf pQm sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 &% k|ltzt nufgL ug]{ u/L nufgLsf] jftfj/0f
lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf] nfut cg'dfg, hUuf k|flKt, k|;f/0f nfOg, k'g{jf; ;DaGwL
;d:ofsf sf/0f sDkgLn] sfo{ ;~rfngdf l9nfO u/]sf] 5 .
59.11 kz'klt If]q ljsf; sf]ifn] kz'kltgfy If]qsf] ;du| ljsf; u/L o; If]qnfO{ wfld{s,
;+f:s[lts Pj+ kof{ko{6gsf] gd"gf If]qsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ nIo /fv]sf] 5 . wfld{s
;Dkbfx?sf] ;+/If0f, wfld{s ko{6g clej[l4, klt{ hUufsf] ;+/If0f, kz'kltgfy dlGb/
Joj:yfkg nufotsf sfo{ ug{ @)%&.%* af6 z'? ePsf] o; sf]ifsf] u'?of]hgf
sfof{Gjogdf bIf k|fljlws hgzlQmsf] cefj lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] cefjn] ;dodf 7]Ssf
Joj:yfkgdf ;d:of kg]{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o; sf]if cGt{ut ;~rflnt cfof]hgfx?sf]
sfof{Gjog l:yltsf] d"NofÍg tyf cg'udgaf6 e"sDkkl5 lgdf{0fsfo{df ltj|tf cfpg
g;s]sf] pNn]v 5 eg] @)&).&! b]lvsf] cfly{s sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf] 5}g .
59.12 n'lDagL If]q ljsf; sf]ifn] uf}tda'4sf] kljq hGd:ynnfO{ af}4dfuL{ Pj+ zflGtk|]dL
hg;d'bfosf] cGt/f{li6«o s]Gb| lgdf{0f ug]{ nIo lnO{ n'lDagL u'?of]hgfcGtu{t sfof{Gjog
x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . k|zf;lgs ejg lgdf{0f, k'/ftflTjs If]q b]jbx, /fdu|fd tyf ;}gfd}gf If]qsf]
pTvgg tyf ;+/If0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . u'?of]hgfcg';f/ n'lDagL ;f+:s[lts s]Gb| ejg,
jf6/ 6fj/ nufot !^ sfo{ ;DkGg x'g afFsL /x]sf] / ;f]sf] nflu sl/a ?=% ca{ () s/f]8
nfut nfUg] cg'dfg u/]sf] kfOof] . u'?of]hgfsf afFsL sfd ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 .
59.13 kf]v/f If]qLo cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn cfof]hgfsf] @)&#.&$ k|yd rf}dfl;s cjlw;Ddsf]
ef}lts k|ult @) k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . ljdfg:ynsf nflu hUuf clwu|x0f ug]{ sfo{ z'?
ePsf]df s'n $%! /f]kgL hUuf clwu|x0f ug'{kg]{ dWo] xfn;Dd @&^ /f]kgL hUufsf] d'cfJhf
ljt/0f ePsf] / g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf rLg ;/sf/aLr cfof]hgf lgdf{0f;DaGwL C0f ;Demf}tf
ePsf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf] lznfGof; @)&# j}zfv ! ut] eO{ ;Demf}tf ePsf] $ jif{leq
sfo{;DkGg x'g] cg'dfg 5 .
59.14 bf];|f] cGt/f{li6\o ljdfg:yn lghu9n] cTofw'lgs ljdfg:ynsf] ?kdf d'n'ssf] ko{6sLo
ultljlw clej[l4 ug{ dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . pQm lgdf{0f sfo{
@)&! df3af6 z'? ePsf] / cfof]hgf sfof{no :yfkgf eO{ hUuf klxrfg;DaGwL sfo{
;DkGg u/L cfof]hgfsf] rf/lsNnf tf]sL hUuf clwu|x0f u/L d'cfJhf ljt/0f xfn;Dd
eO/x]sf] 5 . ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd Joj:yfkgdf l9nfO ePsf sf/0f cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f
sfo{df ljnDa ePsf] 5 .
59.15 sf7df8f} t/fO{ dw]z kmfi6 6\ofs cfof]hgfn] /fhwfgL sf7df8f}+nfO{ t/fO{;_u hf]8\g] b|'t
ultsf] dfu{ lgdf{0f ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] b]lvG5 . s'n lgdf{0f &^ lsnf]ld6/ /x]sf] pQm
cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu @)^%.^^ df cfof]hgf sfof{no :yfkgf ePsf]df @)&@.&#
;Dd lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ePsf] b]lvPg . cfof]hgfcGtu{t ;8s cwLg:y hUufsf] clwu|x0f,
d'cfJhf ljt/0f Pj+ ;~rfng vr{ nufotdf @)&@.&# ;Dd ?=@ ca{ !# s/f]8 * nfv vr{
ePsf] b]lvG5 . hUuf k"0f{ ?kdf k|fKt x'g g;s]sf], :yfgLojf;Lsf] lj/f]wsf sf/0f
PnfOgd]G6 kl/jt{g ug'{ k/]sf] sf/0f xfn;Dd lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
cfly{s jif{ @)&!.&@ sf] ah]6 jQmJodf sf7df8f}+ t/fO{ dw]z kmfi6 6«ofs cfof]hgf
lgdf{0fdf :jb]zL jf ljb]zL nufgLstf{n] lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng nufgL ug{ rfx]df Go"gtd
;jf/L;fwg ;+Vofsf] ;'lglZrt lbg] pNn]v u/L Ps ljb]zL sDkgL ;d]t 5gf}6 u/]sf] lyof] .
cfly{s jif{ @)&#.&$ sf] ah]6 jQmJodf lgdf{0f sfo{ cfufdL cfly{s jif{b]lv g]kfn
;/sf/af6 lgdf{0f k|f/De ul/g] / o;sf] cËsf] ?kdf a'w'g]–x]6f}+8f b|'tdfu{ lgdf{0f z'? ug]{
Joj:yf ldnfO{ ?=!) ca{ ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o:tf k|sf/sf 7"nf of]hgf
;~rfng ug]{ :ki6 gLlt to u/L sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg'kb{5 .
59.16 k"j–{ klZrd /]ndfu{ ;g\ @)!!.!@ b]lv z'? eO{ @)!*.!( df ;DkGg x'g] nIo /x]sf] 5 .
cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoogcg';f/ ?=^ va{ *( ca{sf] nfutdf ;~rfng x'g] o;
cfof]hgf z'? ePsf] % jif{ lalt;Sbf klg %=(^ k|ltztdfq ef}lts k|ult u/]sf]]n]
cfof]hgfsf] ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ;DkGg x'g s] slt ;do nfUg] xf] olsg ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvPg .
k|fKt k|ltj]bgcg';f/ of] jif{ ?=! ca{ %% s/f]8 ah]6 Joj:yf ePsf]df ?=^% s/f]8 vr{ e}
$@=@! k|ltzt k|ult ePsf] b]lvG5 . cfof]hgfsf] d'Vo sfd l;d/f alb{jf; /]ndfu{ -!)*
lsnf]ld6/_ 6\ofs a]8 agfpg ?=!) s/f]8 %) nfv ah]6 Joj:yf ePsf]df s'g} klg sfd
ePsf] 5}g . jg If]qsf] cj/f]w, cfof]hgf :jLs[ltdf l9nfO, hUuf clwu|x0f, /]vfÍg tyf
d'cfJhf lgwf{/0fdf ;d:of /x]sf]n] lgdf{0fdf l9nfO ePsf] cfof]hgfn] hgfPsf] 5 .
tf]lsPsf] ;dodf sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ ljefu tyf dGqfnon] plrt sfo{lbzf / sfo{qmd to
ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
59.17 pQ/ blIf0f nf]sdfu{dWo] s0ff{nL, sfnLu08sL / sf]zL sf]l/8f]/ /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfsf
?kdf ;~rflnt 5g\ . pQm tLg / yk !@ pQ/–blIf0f ;8sdf ### lsnf]ld6/ 6«\ofs
vf]lng] nIo 5 . of]hgfn] pQ/L gfsf hf]8\g] ;8sx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbPadf]lhd
@)&@÷&# sf] jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bgadf]lhd s0ff{nL sl/8f]/tkm{ @) lsnf]ld6/,
sfnLu08sL sl/8f]/tkm{ @ lsnf]ld6/ / sf]zL sl/8f]/cGt{ut @) lsnf]ld6/ ;d]t s'n $@
lsnf]ld6/ gof_ ;8s lgdf{0f Pj+ sfnLu08sL sl/8f]/tkm{ @) lsnf]ld6/ u|fe]n u/L jflif{s
nIosf] ^$=% k|ltzt ef}lts k|ult xfl;n ePsf] kfOof] . ef}uf]lns ljs6tfsf] sf/0f
sfof{Gjogdf sl7gfO ePsf] cfof]hgfn] hgfPsf] 5 . s'n ### lsnf]ld6/dWo] xfn;Dd
!&@=## lsnf]ld6/ cyf{t\ %!=&^ k|ltzt k|ult ePsf] 5 .
59.18 x'nfsL nf]sdfu{ ;8s cfof]hgfsf] ^)^ lsnf]ld6/dWo] %)& lsnf]ld6/ ;8ssf] :t/f]Gglt
ug]{ sfo{ ;DkGg ul/g] nIo /x]sf]df *@ lsnf]ld6/ cyf{t\ !^=!& k|ltzt ;8s :t/f]Gglt
ePsf] 5 . cfof]hgfcGtu{t @)&@.&# df ## lsnf]ld6/ ;8s sfnf]kq] / * j6f k'n lgdf{0f
;DkGg ePsf] kfOof] . pQm ;8s ?=#% ca{ *) s/f]8sf] nfutdf @)^^.^& df z'? e}
@)&$.&% df ;DkGg ug]{ nIo /x] klg of] jif{;Dd !%=$ k|ltzt ef}lts k|ult ePaf6
tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ;DkGg x'g] cj:yf 5}g . d'cfJhf ljt/0fdf ;d:of, lgdf{0f Joj;foLn]
sfo{ gu/]sf], :yfgLoåf/f /]vfÍgdf ljjfb u/]sf] sf/0f l9nfO ePsf] cfof]hgfn] hgfPsf] 5 .
59.19 /fi6\klt r'/]Yt/fO+ dw]z ;_/If0f ljsf; ;ldltaf6 ;~rflnt o; cfof]hgfcGt{ut r'/]sf]
88]nf] lgoGq0f tyf ag cltqmd0f tyf rf]/L lgsf;L lgoGq0f ug]{, r'/]df cfl>t u/La tyf
ljkGgju{sf nflu /f]huf/d'vL j[If/f]k0f ug]{ h:tf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ nIo /x]sf] 5 .
;ldlt / cGtu{tsf sfo{qmddf of] jif{ ?=!@ s/f]8 &# nfv ;d]t xfn;Dd ?=@ ca{ (#
s/f]8 vr{ eP klg PsLs[t k|ult k|ltj]bg tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . ;ldltsf] ;_/If0f u'?of]hgf
tof/ ug]+ sfo+sf] nflu lgo'Qm ljz]if1sf] kfl/>ldsdf o; jif+ ?-@ s/f]8 #( nfv vr+
u/]sf]df ;_/If0f ljsf; ;ldltsf] u'?of]hgf :jLs=t ePsf] 5}g . ;f] cGt{ut #! lhNnfdf
;fdflhs kl/rfngsf] nflu u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfaf6 sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ 5gf}6 ePsf
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] nflu ?=@ s/f]8 &% nfv e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 .
/fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfsf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]vgLo Joxf]/f ljifout
v08df ;dfj]z 5 . afFsL Joxf]/f dGqfnout v08df ;dfj]z 5g\ .
/fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgf 3f]if0ff ug]{ ;"rs;lxtsf] cfwf/ gePsf], 3f]lift
cfof]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjog Ifdtfsf] cefj /x]sf], :yfgLo:t/sf] ljjfbsf sf/0f hUuf
k|flKtdf sl7gfO /x]sf], jg If]qdf sfo{ ug{ afwf k/]sf], lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] sdhf]/
Joj:yfkg /x]sf], cGt/lgsfo ;dGjosf] cefj /x]sf] / sfof{Gjog df]8fln6L :ki6 gx'Fbf
cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ;Gtf]ifhgs gePsf] l:ylt 5 . o;sf ;fy} sltko cfof]hgfsf]
lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog / lj:t[t kl/of]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ gePsf], sfof{Gjog 9fFrf
;lxtsf] ;doa4 sfo{of]hgf gePsf] l:ylt b]lvPsf]n] k|ult l:ylt ;Gtf]ifhgs x'g ;s]sf]
5}g .
t;y{ /fli6«o uf}/j cfof]hgf lgwf{/0f ug]{ ;"rsfÍ lglZrt ug]{, lj:t[t kl/of]hgf
k|ltj]bg ;dodf g} tof/ u/L ;doa4 sfo{of]hgfsf cfwf/df cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{,
sfof{Gjog df]8fln6L lgwf{/0f Pj+ ;|f]t h'6fO{ sfo{ cufl8 a9fpg], d'cfJhf ljjfb ;dod}
6'ª\Uofpg], cGt/lgsfo ;dGjo ug]{, cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu pRr:t/sf]
Joj:yfksLo / k|fljlws sf}zno'Qm hgzlQm Joj:yf u/L lg/Gt/tf lbg], lgdf{0f sfo{ z'?
ePkl5 ;Demf}tfadf]lhd lgdf{0f:yndf pks/0f tyf hgzlQm ;dodf g} kl/rfng ug]{,
o:tf cfof]hgfdf ah]6 sfof{Gjog Pj+ cg'udgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg'kb{5 . hgzlQmnfO{
glthfd'vL sfo{;Dkfbg ;"rssf] cfwf/df d"NofÍg u/L lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
60. kl/of]hgf ljsf; – nufgL af]8{sf] sfof{non] gf} ;o d]ufjf6 Ifdtfsf dflyNnf] s0ff{nL /
c?0f t];|f] b'O{ hnljB't cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf] nflu b'O{ ljb]zL sDkgL;Fu qmdzM @)&!.^.# /
@)&!.*.( df kl/of]hgf ljsf; ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . ;Demf}tfdf k|j4{s sDkgLn]
cfof]hgfnfO{ cfjZos hUuf k|flKt, :yfgLo:t/df k|efljt kl/jf/nfO{ k'g:yf{kgf, lzIff,
:jf:Yo, g]kfnL hgzlQm / ;|f]tsf] pkof]u ljsf; Pj+ tflnd, k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f nufotsf
sfo{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . sfo{tflnsfdf Ps jif{leq hUuf k|flKt sfo{ ;DkGg ul/;Sg'kg]{df
c?0f t];|f] kl/of]hgfn] lghL hUufsf] d'cfAhf ljt/0f sfo{ ;DkGg u/] tfklg ;/sf/L
lgsfox?aLr ;dGjo / ;xhLs/0f x'g g;s]sf sf/0f ;/sf/L tyf jgIf]qsf] hUuf;DaGwL
sfo{ afFsL /x]sf] kfOof] . dflyNnf] s0ff{nL kl/of]hgfsf] nflu hUuf k|flKt ;DaGwL sfd
ePsf] kfOPg . b'j} kl/of]hgfaf6 @)&* kf}if !^ leq Jofj;flos pTkfbg ug]{ nIo
/x]sf]df hUuf k|flKt;DaGwL k|f/lDes sfo{df g} l9nfO x'Fbf lgdf{0f sfo{df ;d]t k|efj kg]{
x'gfn] af]8{n] cfjZos ;dGjo / ;xhLs/0f u/L sfo{tflnsfadf]lhd cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog
k|lqmof cl3 a9fpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
61. cfof]hgf 5gf}6 – :yfgLo lgsfo ;|f]t kl/rfng tyf Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw, @)^( sf] bkmf
!!-@_ df cfly{s, ;fdflhs Pj+ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;cGtu{t ljlgof]hg ePsf] k'FhLut
cg'bfgaf6 ?=% nfveGbf sd nfutsf sfo{qmd jf cfof]hgf 5gf}6 ug{ g;Sg] Joj:yf 5 .
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, a}t8L, wflbª, c5fd nufot !) n] of] jif{ k'FhLut
zLif{saf6 ?=% nfveGbf sd nfutsf ! xhf/ %^& cfof]hgf 5gf}6 u/L ?=@& s/f]8 &^
nfv vr{ u/]sf]n] sfo{ljlwadf]lhd cfof]hgf 5gf}6 ug'{kb{5 .
62. k/fdz{ ;]jf – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @( -!_-s_ df sfof{nodf pknAw
hgzlQmaf6 s'g} sfd x'g g;Sg] ePdf k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . o;
;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDg 5g\M
62.1 j}b]lzs ;xfotfaf6 ;~rflnt cfof]hgfdf b]xfoadf]lhd s'n nfutsf] $&=!) k|ltzt;Dd
k/fdz{ ;]jf vr{ ug]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] kfOof] .
-/sd nfvdf_
s'n nfut k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nflu s'n nfutdf
cfof]hgfsf] gfd d'b|f
cg'dfg 5'6\ofOPsf] /sd k/fdz+sf] k|ltzt
l;FrfO tyf hn;|f]t Joj:yfkg cfof]hgf cd]l/sL 8n/ 5,81 1,63 28.05
hn;fwg of]hgf tof/L ;'ljwf cfof]hgf cd]l/sL 8n/ 1,38 65 47.10
;d'bfo Jojl:yt l;+Flrt s[lif If]q cfof]hgf cd]l/sL 8n/ 7,27 30 4.13
/fli6«o u|fdL0f oftfoft ;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{qmd cd]l/sL 8n/ 17,54 1,97 11.23
;fd'bflos l;FrfO cfof]hgf cd]l/sL 8n/ 3,65,97 45,42 12.41
PPkmkLcf/ cd]l/sL 8n/ 27 4 14.81
t];|f] ;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cfof]hgf P;8Lcf/ 3,89 51 13.11
d]nDrL vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf cd]l/sL 8n/ 28,75 3,18 11.06

62.2 s[lif ljsf; dGqfnocGtu{t ;~rflnt Jofj;flos s[lif tyf Jofkf/, ;fgf tyf demf}nf
s[ifs cfo:t/, pRrd"No s[lif j:t', s[lif tyf vfB ;'/Iff / ls;fgsf nflu pGgt aLp
lahg sfo{qmd;DaGwL % cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfut ?=!( ca{ ^# s/f]8 ePsf]df tL
cfof]hgfx?n] of] jif{ ?=&$ s/f]8 ^* nfv ;d]t xfn;Dd ?=* ca{ #* s/f]8 vr{ u/]sf]
dWo] k/fdz{ ;]jfdf dfq ?=! ca{ *( s/f]8 vr{ u/]sf 5g\ . k/fdz{ ;]jfdf !! b]lv #^
k|ltzt;Dd vr{ u/]sf]n] k/fdz{ vr{df lgoGq0f x'g'kb{5 .
62.3 ;8s ljefucGt{ut b/aGbLcg';f/sf hgzltmsf] kbk"lt{ eP klg k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b u/L
b'O{ lgsfon] of] jif{ ? @( s/f]8 #& nfv vr{ n]v]sf 5g\ . k/fdz{bftfdflysf] lge{/tf
36fpg' cfjZos 5 .
62.4 ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ df k/fdz{bftfsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ cf]e/x]8
;dfj]z ug]{ Joj:yf geP klg o; jif{ ;8s ljefucGtu{t rf/ lgsfon] ?=@% s/f]8 %%
nfv ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 . sfg'gljk/Lt nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
62.5 ;8s ljefun] ljleGg k'nsf] lj:t[t OlGhlgol/Ë ;j]{If0f, 8«Oª l8hfOg ug{ k/fdz{btf;Fu
u/]sf] vl/b ;Demf}tfdf k/fdz{bftfnfO{ ;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] sfd lbg g;s]df ;Demf}tf
/sdsf] !) k|ltzt Ifltk"lt{ lbg] Joj:yf 5 . ;j]{If0f ug]{ qmddf ;f] :yfgdf cGo
lgsfoaf6 k'n lgdf{0f sfo{ eO/x]sf] / sfo{ :yn km]nf gk/]sf] sf/0f b]vfO{ #(
k/fdz{bftfnfO{ ;Demf}tf /sdsf] !) k|ltztn] x'g] ?=! s/f]8 !( nfv Ifltk"lt{ lbPsf] 5 .
o;/L ;j]{If0f ug]{ :yfgsf] olsg gu/L k/fdz{bftf;Fu ;Demf}tf ugf{n] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{
cltl/Qm Jooef/ k/]sf]n] o:tf] ;Demf}tf ug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
62.6 ;8s ljefun] k'nx?sf] ;j]{If0f ug{ @)^*.^( df ?=@^ s/f]8 ^ nfv d"Nosf] $) ;Demf}tf
u/]sf]df ;Demf}tfdf e]l/P;g cfb]z lbg] Joj:yf 5}g . cfly{s jif{ @)^*.^( sf] jflif{s
sfo{qmddf k/]sf k'nx?sf] lj:t[t ;j]{If0f, 8«Oª l8hfOg ug]{ u/L ;Demf}tf ePsf tL
k/fdz{bftfx?nfO{ @)&!.&@ tyf @)&@.&# sf] sfo{qmddf k/]sf k'nx?sf] ;d]t ;j]{If0f
ug{] e]l/P;g cfb]z lbO{ saf]n cÍ ?=@& s/f]8 %@ nfv sfod u/]sf] kfOof] . cufl8sf]]
jif{sf] sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z ePsf k'nx?sf] ;j]{If0f, 8«Oª, l8hfOg ug{ k/fdz{bftf lgo'Qm
u/]sf]df ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt sfd ;dodf ;DkGg gu/L Dofb yk ub}{ hfg] / kl5Nnf
jif{sf] sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z ePsf k'nx?sf] ;j]{If0f ug{ e]l/P;g cfb]z lbg' ;fj{hlgs vl/b
P]gljk/Lt /x]sf] kfOof] .
62.7 ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod *# df s'g} sfd ug{ pRr:t/sf] ljz]if1tf
cfjZos k/]df / To:tf] ljz]if1tf xfl;n u/]sf s]xL k/fdz{bftf dfq ePdf of]Uotfsf]
cfwf/df k/fdz{bftf lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ;8s ljefucGtu{tsf pRr
ljz]if1tf xfl;n u/]sf k/fdz{bftf cfjZos kgf{sf] cfwf/ a]u/ #@ JolQm;Fu of]Uotfsf]
cfwf/df ;Demf}tf u/L ?=& s/f]8 &* nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . o:tf lsl;dsf
sfdsf/afxLdf lgoGq0f ug{ ljutsf k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v eP tfklg ;'wf/ ePsf] kfOPg .
62.8 :yfgLo zf;g tyf pQ/bfoL ;+oGqsf] ;lrjfnocGtu{t ^^ lhNnfsf :yfgLo lgsfon]
;Dkfbg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ l56f] 5l/tf] / kf/bzL{ agfO{ u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ^^ ;fd'bflos
;fdflhs ;+:yfaf6 Ps jif{sf nflu k/fdz{ ;]jf lng ;Demf}tf u/L ?=!$ s/f]8 @% nfv
vr{ u/]sf] 5 . k/fdz{ ;]jfcGtu{t tflnd, ;r]tgf, cled'vLs/0f nufotsf sfd ljefuLo
hgzlQmaf6 ug{ g;lsg] :ki6 cfwf/ gePsf], k/fdz{bftfn] ;DkGg u/]sf] sfdsf] dfkg
ug]{ :ki6 ;"rsfÍ tof/ gu/]sf] cj:yfdf k/fdz{ ;]jf lnO{ u/]sf] vr{sf] pkfb]otf olsg
ug{ ;Sg] l:ylt 5}g . o:t} zf]wegf{ x'g] u/L Joj:yf ePsf] /sdaf6 vr{ k'li6 ug]{
cfwf/a]u/ kfl/>lds tyf cGo sfo{df ?=^ s/f]8 &# nfv e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 .
62.9 ;8s ;'wf/ cfof]hgfdf lgdf{0f vr{ ;Demf}tfsf] t'ngfdf ?=*@ s/f]8 &) nfv cyf{t\
!^=&$ k|ltztdfq vr{ ePsf] 5 . k/fdz{ ;]jf vr{ ?=!$ s/f]8 (( nfv eO{ ;Demf}tfsf]
t'ngfdf ^#=!& k|ltzt vr{ eO;s]sf] b]lvG5 . clGtd cj:yfdf cfpFbf k/fdz{ ;]jf
;Demf}tfcg'?k ;dfKt x'g] t/ lgdf{0f sfo{ afFsL /xg] cj:yf b]lvG5 .
62.10 /fgLhd/f s'nl/of cfof]hgfn] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] ;'k/lehgdf afXo k/fdz{bftf;Fu ?=@@
s/f]8sf] ;Demf}tf u/L of] jif{ ?=# s/f]8 *! nfv ;d]t xfn;Dd ?=( s/f]8 #* nfv
e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 .
62.11 n'lDagL ljsf; sf]ifn] n'lDagL If]q k"jf{wf/ ;'wf/cGtu{t cfuGt's ;"rgf s]Gb|, o'l6ln6L,
kfgL cfk"lt{ cflb sfo{sf] nflu ?=!& s/f]8 $# nfvsf] ;Demf}tf u/]sf] b]lvof] . lgdf{0f
sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt l8hfOg / ;'kl/j]If0fsf nflu k/fdz{bftf;Fu ?=& s/f]8 %# nfvsf]
;Demf}tf u/]sf] b]lvof] . h;cg';f/ ?=!& s/f]8 $# nfvsf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] l8hfOg /
;'kl/j]If0fsf nflu ?=& s/f]8 %# nfv e'QmfgL kfpg] u/L k/fdz{bftf /fVf]sf]df e]l/P;g
kZrft\ kfdz{bftfsf] ;Demf}tf /sd ?=( s/f]8 ^$ nfv k'¥ofPsf] 5 . k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f
7]Ssfsf] %%=#) k|ltzt /sd e'QmfgL x'g] u/L k/fdz{bftfnfO{ sfd u/fPsf] cf}lrTok"0f{
b]lvPg .
ljefuLo hgzlQmn] ;Dkfbg ug{ ;lsg] sfdsf] nflu klg k/fdz{bftf /flvPsf],
;Ldf gePsf] sf/0f lgdf{0f vr{sf] t'ngfdf k/fdz{bftf vr{ cTolws /x]sf], k|ult dfkg
ug{ g;lsg] k|of]hgsf nflu ;d]t k/fdz{bftf /fVg] u/]sf] sf/0f vr{df ldtJolotf
ckgfPsf] b]lvPg . o; ;DaGwdf gLlt tyf dfkb08 tof/ u/L Ps?ktf Nofpg k/fdz{
vr{nfO{ lglZrt ;Ldfleq /fVg'kb{5 .
63. slG6Gh]G;L vr{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !)-&_ df lgdf{0f sfo{sf]
nfut cg'dfgdf js{rfh{ :6fkm vr{ @=% k|ltzt / ;fgfltgf cGo vr{sf] nflu @=%
k|ltzt;Dd ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf 5 . js{rf6{ :6fkm vr{ / ;fgfltgf cGo vr{df
;dfj]z x'g] vr{ ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt P]g lgoddf :ki6 pNn]v 5}g . b]xfosf %
dGqfnocGtu{tsf @&& lgsfon] ljefudf k7fPsf] ?=#% s/f]8 $ nfv ;d]t ?=@ ca{ !(
s/f]8 ^# nfv sG6]Gh]G;Laf6 vr{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
dGqfno÷lgsfo cGtu{t OsfO{ /sd -?=nfvdf_
ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfno 69 12392
l;FrfO dGqfno 88 4872
zx/L ljsf; dGqfno 8 1334
vfg]kfgL dGqfno 74 2093
;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno 38 1272
hDdf 277 21963
slG6Gh]G;L vr{df ;8s ljefu / cGtu{t di6//f]n Hofnf, OGwg, ;"rgf k|sfzg,
b}lgs e|d0f eQf, dd{t sfo{, sfof{no ;fdfgdf 7"nf] /sd vr{ ePsf] kfOG5 . sltko
lgsfon] slG6Gh]G;L vr{sf] clen]v /fv]sf 5}gg\ . ;fy} vr{ ug]{ :ki6 gLlt to gePsf],
vr{sf] 7]Ssfut clen]v g/x]sf], Ps} k|s[ltsf vr{x? k'FhLuttk{msf] slG6Gh]G;L / rfn'
vr{ zLif{saf6 u/]sf] kfOG5 .
slG6Gh]G;Laf6 vr{ ubf{ :ki6 sfo{ljlw tof/ u/L vr{df lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
ljutdf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf sfof{nox?n] slG6Gh]G;L vr{ u/]sf] ;Gbe{df ;fj{hlgs
n]vf ;ldltaf6 @)^(.!.!) df o:tf] sfo{ ug]{nfO{ ;r]t u/fpg] lg0f{o ePsf]df ;d]t o;
k|sf/sf] vr{ ug{] k|j[lQdf ;'wf/ ePsf] kfOPg .
64. gx/sf] pkof]u – l;FrfO ljefuaf6 k|fKt k|ult ljj/0fcg';f/ ## l;FrfO k|0ffnLaf6 # nfv
@% xhf/ x]S6/ If]qkmndf l;FrfO ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] u/L l;FrfO k|0ffnL ;~rfngdf
/x]sf] 5 . pQm k|0ffnLaf6 cfiff9b]lv sflt{s;Dd ! nfv &) xhf/, d+l;/b]lv kmfNu'g;Dd
! nfv @) xhf/ / r}qb]lv h]7;Dd #! xhf/ x]S6/df l;FrfO ;'ljwf pknAw u/fPsf]
ljj/0f k]; ePsf] 5 . ;f]dWo] 7"nf] l;FrfO k|0ffnLsf] vr{ tyf pknAw u/fPsf] l;FrfOsf]
cj:yf lgDgfg';f/ 5 .
cfiff9–sflt{s d+l;/–kmfu'g r}q–h]7 l;+lrt
vr{ sdf08 If]qkmn l;+lrt If]qkmn
l;FrfO k|0ffnL l;+lrt If]qkmn l;+lrt If]qkmn If]qkmn
-?= nfvdf_ -x]S6/ xhf/df_ k|ltzt
-x]S6/ xhf/df_ -x]S6/ xhf/df_ -x]S6/ xhf/df_
;'g;/L df]/ª l;FrfO k|0ffnL %^&) ^*=) ^^=) %*=) !&=) 25
afudlt l;FrfO k|0fnL %%*( $%=^ #(=& @%=% !#=) 29
sdnf l;FrfO k|0ffnL @&!( @%=) @%=) !)=) ) 40
gf/fo0fL l;FrfO k|0ffnL !^(( @*=& @*=) !*=) )=% 64
dxfsfnL l;FrfO k|0ffnL !^^% !!=^ !!=) (=) )=@ 81
hDdf !&#$@ !&*=( !^(=& !@)=% #)=&
o;;DaGwL b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDg 5g\M

64.1 ;'g;/L df]/ª l;FrfO of]hgf ;'g;/L lhNnfsf] rt/f eP/ aUg] sf]zL gbLdf ^) So'd]S;
Ifdtfsf] OG6]s lgdf{0f u/L d"n gx/df kfgL k|jfx u/]/ ;'g;/Lsf $) xhf/ x]S6/ /
df]/ªsf @* xhf/ x]S6/ ;d]t ^* xhf/ x]S6/ hldgdf l;FrfO ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon]
:yfkgf ePsf] xf] . d"ngx/df c6'6 ?kdf ^) So"d]S; kfgL k|jfx ug]{ nIo /x]sf] 5 . ;f]
of]hgfsf] OG6]saf6 lxpFb / ;'Vvfofddf kfgLsf] l8:rfh{ 36\b} dfu{ dlxgfdf !# So"d]S;,
df3 dlxgfdf !( So"d]S;, r}qdf !* So"d]S; l8:rfh{ ePsf] Joxf]/f OG6]sdf /x]sf] ld6/
l/l8Ë /lhi6/af6 b]lvG5 . t/ pQm sfo{sf] lg/LIf0f ubf{ !)=(# So"d]S;dfq -@% k|ltzt_
kfgL l8:rfh{ ePsf] b]lvof] . kmn:j?k &% k|ltzt sdf08 If]q l;+lrt x'g g;s]sf]
cj:yfdf klg of] jif{ ?=%^ s/f]8 &) nfv vr{ u/]sf] 5 . o;af6 vr{sf] pknlAw
n]vfhf]vf ubf{ Hofb} Go"g cj:yfdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
sf]zL gbLdf @)^* df cfPsf] af9Ln] gbLsf] axfj klZrd lsgf/ftkm{ uO{ OG6]ssf]
kfgL l8:rfh{ x'g] dflyNnf] ;tx -qm]:6 n]en_ eGbf gbLsf] kfgL ;tx *) ;]=ld= tn
uPsf]n] kof{Kt dfqfdf kfgL l8:rfh{ gePsf] cj:yf 5 . OG6]sdf sd kfgL k|jfx ePkl5
To;nfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{ cfof]hgfn] cfnf]kfnf] k|0ffnL klg nfu" u/]sf] b]lvof] . To:t}
gbLnfO{ OG6]stkm{ 8f]¥ofpg] -RofgnfOH8_ / tLgj6f :k/ lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{ u/]sf] 5 . ;fy}
sf]zL gbLdf gofF k'n lgdf{0f ug]{ qmddf skm/ 8\ofd agfpFbf hDdf u/]sf] 9'Ëf tyf l;N6
;DalGwt lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] gx6fpFbf OG6]stkm{ kfgL k|jfxdf sdL cfPsf] 5 . cfufdL
lbgdf o:tf] ;d:of cfpg glbg :yfoL k|s[ltsf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg'kg]{ b]lvof] .
64.2 jfUdtL l;FrfO cfof]hgfdf &! k|ltzt sdf08 If]q l;+lrt x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf of] jif{
?=%% s/f]8 *( nfv, sdnf l;FrfO k|0ffnLdf ^) k|ltzt sdf08 If]q l;+lrt x'g g;s]sf]
cj:yfdf ?=@& s/f]8 !( nfv / gf/fo0fL l;FrfO k|0ffnLdf #^ k|ltzt sdf08 If]q l;+lrt
x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf klg ?=!& s/f]8 vr{ ePsf] 5 . kmn:j?k plNnlvt l;FrfO
of]hgfx?sf] sfo{bIftf Pj+ k|efjsfl/tf Go"g /x]sf] 5 . l;FrfO ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg
lgdf{0f ul/Psf ;+/rgfx? k"0f{?kdf sfof{Gjodf Nofpg g;Sg' pko'Qm ePg . l;FFrfO
k|0ffnLnfO{ k"0f{ Ifdtfdf ;~rfng u/L sdf08 If]qdf kfgL pknAw u/fpg l;FrfO dGqfno
Pj+ ljefun] cfjZos sf/afxL ug'{kb{5 .
65. ;8s lgdf{0f – g]kfnL ;]gf ljsf; lgdf{0f lgb]{zgfnon] sfof{Gjog u/L hfh/sf]6–8f]Nkf,
sfnLu08sL sf]/L8f]/ / d}n'Ë–:ofk'|j];L ;8s cfof]hgfsf] 6«ofs vf]Ng] sfo{df of] jif{ ?=^%
s/f]8 $( nfv ;d]t xfn;Dd ?=@ ca{ @) s/f]8 ^* nfv vr{ u/]sf] 5 . jflif{s sfo{qmd
tyf k|ult ljj/0fdf $ j6} cfof]hgfsf] ;DkGg ug]{ ldlt / d}n'Ë :ofk|'j];L ;8s
cfof]hgfsf] nfut v'nfPsf] 5}g . hfh/sf]6—8f]Nkf b'g} ;8safx]s cGo ;8ssf] lj:t[t
;e]{If0f u/L 8«Oª, l8hfOg tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . lj:t[t 8«Oª, l8hfOg;lxtsf] nfut cg'dfg
tof/ gu/]sf] sf/0f cfof]hgfx?sf] s'n nfut / ;DkGg ug]{ cjlw olsg ug{ g;s]sf]
Joxf]/f ljutdf cf}NofOPsf]df of] jif{ klg ;'wf/ ePsf] 5}g . jflif{s sfo{qmdcg';f/ $
;8s cfof]hgfdf *( nfv &( xhf/ 3gld6/ df6f] sl6Ë u/L ?=#( s/f]8 *& nfv HofdL
Hofnf vr{ u/]sf] 5 . ;8s cfof]hgfx?sf] lj:t[t 8«Oª, l8hfOg tyf nfut cg'dfg tof/
u/L r]g]hjfOh df6f], g/d r§fg tyf s8f r§fg sl6Ë ug'{kg]{ kl/df0f v'nfpg'kg]{df ;f]
nfut cg'dfg tof/ gu/]sf]n] ;DkGg kl/df0f le8fg ug{ ;Sg] l:ylt 5}g . lj:t[t 8«Oª
l8hfOg ;lxtsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L df6f] / r§fgsf] kl/df0f v'nfpg'kb{5 .
66. cfof]hgfsf] :jLs[lt – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @@ df k|:tfljt
cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog / cfly{s, k|fljlws, jftfj/0fLo tyf k|zf;sLo pko'Qmtfsf]
cfwf/df To;af6 x'g] k|ltkmn ;d]t ljrf/ u/L cfof]hgf :jLs[t Pj+ jflif{s ah]6 th'{df
ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ l8lehg sfof{no, h'Dnfn] @)^^.^& b]lv
wf}nLuf8 vfg]kfgL of]hgfsf] gfdaf6 rGbggfy gu/kflnsf / cGo kfFr uf=lj=;= df
vfg]kfgL ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg jflif{s sfo{qmddf ?=!) s/f]8 %! nfv nfut pNn]v u/L
xfn;Dd ?=! s/f]8 ^* nfv vr{ u/]sf]df pQm of]hgf :jLs[t ePsf] b]lvPg . lgodfg';f/
of]hgf :jLs[t gu/L vr{ ug]{nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfOg'kb{5 .
of] jif{ vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ l8lehg sfof{no emfkf, wg'iff, bf]nvf nufot $
lhNnfsf] !* of]hgfsf] ?=! ca{ * s/f]8sf] s'n nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t gu/L xfn;Dd
?=@) s/f]8 $% nfv vr{ u/]sf] b]lvof] . P]gadf]lhd nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t u/]/ dfq
of]hgf ;~rfng tyf vr{ ug'{kb{5 .
67. d'xfg ljjfb – vfg]kfgL gLlt, @)^!, cg';f/ of]hgf ;~rfng ug'{k"j{ d'xfg btf{ nufotsf
sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 . vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ l8lehg sfof{no ;+v'jf;ef, h'Dnf nufot
& sfof{nocGtu{t ?=@* s/f]8 %) nfv nfut cg'dfg ePsf !@ of]hgfsf] d'xfgdf ljjfb
l;h{gf eO{ of]hgf ;~rfngdf sl7gfO ePsf] 5 . pQm of]hgfx?df xfn;Dd ?=% s/f]8 @&
nfv vr{ ePsf] b]lvof] . ljjfb ;dfwfg u/L of]hgf ;dod} ;DkGg ul/g'kb{{5 .

68. Pl;ofnL dfkb08 ;8s – cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ lgsfox?n] tf]lsPsf] ;dofjlwleq
:jLs[t sfo{qmd / pkcfof]hgfx? k"/f u/L o; If]qdf lnOPsf p2]Zocg';f/sf] nIo xfl;n
ug'{kg]{df ;8s ;+hfntk{m ^!=@% ls=ld= ;8s Pl;ofnL dfkb08 / cGo !@^ ls=ld= lkm8/
;8ssf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ qmdzM @)!$ b]lv @)!& dfr{ / @)!* ;Ddsf] sfo{jlw /fvL
k|f/De u/]sf]df of] jif{;Dd Pl;ofnL dfkb08sf] ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{sf] k|ult @*=!^ k|ltzt
/ cGo $ ;8ssf] ef}lts k|ult $) k|ltzt;Dd 36L 5 . ljB't k|;f/0f lj:tf/tk{msf &
pkcfof]hgfx?dWo] ! of]hgfsf] k|ult () k|ltzt;Dd k'u]sf] eP tfklg @ of]hgfsf] ef}lts
k|ult #) k|ltzteGbf 36L / afFsL of]hgfx?sf] k|ult % k|ltzteGbf sd /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
;"rgf ;~rf/tk{msf] pkof]hgfsf] ;dofjlw z'? cjlwsf] % u'0ff yk e};Sbf ;d]t
pkcfof]hgf k"/f ePsf] 5}g .
69. cw"/f] cfof]hgf÷7]Ssf – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @# adf]lhd :jLs[t
sfo{qmd tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf ;DkGg ug'{kg]{df b]xfoadf]lhdsf * dGqfnocGtu{t $#
lgsfon] of] jif{ ?=@ ca{ !% s/f]8 !% nfv vr{ u/]sf ljleGg cfof]hgf ;DkGg x'g ;s]sf]
b]lvPg .
l;=g+= dGqfno÷lgsfo cGtu{t OsfO{ /sd -?=nfvdf_
1. vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ dGqfno 6 6548
2. zx/L ljsf; dGqfno 11 5729
3. ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfno 6 5078
4. ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno 1 500
5. ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno 15 2870
6. l;FrfO dGqfno 2 371
7. u[x dGqfno 1 273
8. :jf:Yo dGqfno 1 146
hDdf 43 21515
o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M

69.1 cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @@ df :jLs[t cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ nfut
cg'dfg / ;f]cg';f/ jflif{s sfo{qmd lglZrt u/L jflif{s ah]6 tof/ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ l8lehg÷;jl8lehg sfof{noaf6 sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf
of]hgfx?dWo] !* lhNnfsf @)^*.^( eGbf cufl8 z'? eO{ ?=^ ca{ *@ s/f]8 #( nfv
nfut cg'dfg ePsf !** of]hgf ;DkGg ePsf] b]lvFb}g . pQm of]hgfdf ?=@ ca{ %% s/f]8
@@ nfv vr{ ePsf] b]lvG5 . of]hgf z'? ePsf] !( jif{;Dd klg sltko of]hgf ;DkGg
gu/L vfg]kfgL h:tf] cfwf/e"t ;]jf pknAw u/fpg g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . ;dod} of]hgf
;DkGg x'g g;Sg'df clwsf+z sfof{nox?n] ah]6sf] cefjnfO{ d'Vo sf/0fsf] ?kdf pNn]v
u/]sf 5g\ .
69.2 :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{non] of]hgf 5gf}6 ubf{
nfut, ;do, ;|f]t / To;af6 k|fKt x'g] k|ltkmn ;d]tsf] k"j{cg'dfg u/]/ of]hgf 5gf}6 u/L
;~rfng ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, c5fd, /f}tx6, /fd]5fk
nufot !% n] nfut cg'dfg ?=^$ s/f]8 ! nfv %! xhf/ ePsf ut ljut jif{b]lv
;~rflnt !@$ of]hgfdf of] jif{ ?=@* s/f]8 &) nfv vr{ u/]sf]df tL of]hgfx? ;DkGg
ePsf 5}gg\ .
69.3 zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f l8lehg sfof{no !# sf] ejg lgdf{0f;DaGwL l:yltsf]
d"NofÍg ubf{ @)^% b]lv @)^( ;Dd ? () s/f]8 !& nfvsf] %% lgdf{0f ;+emf}tf ePsf]df
k6s k6s Dofb yk ePklg ;DkGg ePsf] 5}g . sfof{nox?af6 k|fKt ljj/0fdf hUuf
ljjfb, lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] lagf ;"rgf sfd 5f]8]sf]], lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ sfnf];"rLdf /fVg]
sf/afxL e}/x]sf] h:tf sf/0f pNn]v 5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu l8lehg sfof{no 8f]6LcGtu{t
d+un;]g b/af/ lgdf{0fsf] nflu @)^%.#.@$ df ?=@ s/f]8 @^ nfvdf sfo{ ;DkGg ug{
;Demf}tf ePsf]df $) k|ltzt / k;f{ cGtu{tsf] xlb{of k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb| ejg lgdf{0f
ug{ @)^&.!.@^ df ?=2 s/f]8 97 nfvsf] ;Demf}tf ePsf]df @)&# cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd (@
k|ltzt sfo{ ug{ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . sf7df8f}+ cGtu{tsf] skg x]Nykf]i6 ejg lgdf{0fsf] nflu
@)&!.^.#) df ?=1 s/f]8 50 nfvsf] ;Demf}tf ePsf]df hUuf ljjfbsf sf/0f xfn;Dd
lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
69.4 lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no 8f]Nkfn] ?kuf8{ df]6/]jn k'n lgdf{0fsf] nflu ;a}eGbf 36L
saf]n ug]{ af]nkqbftf;Fu sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ u/L ?=# s/f]8 !% nfvdf u/]sf] ;Demf}tfcg';f/
@)&@.^.!$ df ?=%% nfv df]lanfOh];g k]ZsL lbPsf] 5 . sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ cjlw
@)&#.*.!) ;Dd klg ;fO{6df s'g} sfd ePsf] 5}g . lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ubf{sf]
avt sfo{tflnsf k]; gu/]sf] tyf pQm sfo{ u/fpg sfof{notk{maf6 ;d]t s'g} sf/afxL
u/]sf] b]lvPg . o;/L ;Demf}tfcg';f/ sfo{ gug]{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ sf/afxL u/L sfnf]
;"rLdf /fVg], df]lanfOh]zg k]ZsL lkmtf{ lng] tyf afFsL sfo{ u/fpFbf nfUg] yk /sd ;d]t
c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
cfof]hgf ;dod} ;DkGg gePsf sf/0f ;/sf/n] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf pknAw gx'g],
cfof]hgfsf] nfut a9\g], d"Noj[l4 e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{ h:tf ;d:of ljBdfg 5 . tf]lsPsf]
;dodf sfd ;DkGg ug{ u/fpg ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
cfof]hgf 5gf}6 ubf{ kof{Kt k|fljlws tof/L x'g] gu/]sf], cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf]
;doa4 sfo{of]hgf gePsf], ah]6 hgzlQm nufotsf tof/L a]u/ cfof]hgf ;~rfng x'g]
u/]sf], dfkb08 tof/ gu/L vr{ u/]sf], ljefuLo hgzlQmaf6 x'g] ;fdfGo sfo{sf] nflu
;d]t k/fdz{bftf /fv]sf] sf/0f cfof]hgf Joj:yfkgdf bIftf, ldtJolotf / k|efjsfl/tf
Nofpg'kb{5 . sfo{of]hgf Pj+ k|fljlws tof/L u/L cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{, ;a} k|sf/sf
vr{sf] dfkb08 agfpg] Pj+ k/fdz{bftfdflysf] lge{/tf 36fpg' cfjZos 5 .
 vl/b Joj:yfkg
70. nfut cg'dfg — ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !), !! / !@ df lgdf{0f,
dfn;fdfg / k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{ ljlw pNn]v 5 . df6f] vGg] sfdsf]
b/ ljZn]if0f ubf{ ztk|ltzt Dofg'cn b/ k|of]u u/]sf], lgodn] gkfpg] yk cf]e/x]8
;dfj]z u/]sf], lgsfout gD;{df Ps?ktf gePsf], leGg lhNnfsf] b//]6 /fvL nfut
cg'dfg tof/ u/]sf], u'0f:t/ k/LIf0fafktsf] /sd k|f]lehgn ;d / cfO6d b/df bf]xf]/f]
;dfj]z u/]sf], d"n nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t gu/]sf], tf]lsPsf] cfwf/a]u/ dfn;fdfgsf
nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/]sf] sf/0f b]xfoadf]lhdsf ( dGqfnodf $& lgsfon] ?=@ ca{ %!
s/f]8 !^ nfvsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ sfg'gsf] kfngf ePsf] b]lvPg .

4. lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno 2 1263
6. u[x dGqfno 1 503
7. s[lif ljsf; dGqfno 1 32
9. lzIff dGqfno 2 11
hDdf 47 25116
plNnlvt ( dGqfnocGtu{t nfut cg'dfg tof/L sfo{sf] gd'gf k/LIf0f ubf{ $&
OsfO{df ?=@ ca{ %! s/f]8sf] clgoldttf b]lvPsf] 5 . ;f]dWo] s]xL pNn]vgLo Joxf]/f
lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
70.1 /fgL hd/f s'nl/of cfof]hgfn] l;FrfO ljefusf] @))@ sf] d]g'on k4ltsf] gD;{ k|of]u u/L
nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/]sf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf] :ynut lg/LIf0f ubf{ s+lqm6sf] sfo{ Aoflrª
KnfG6 k|of]u u/L ePsf] b]lvof] . >ldsn] d]g'on k4ltaf6} s+lqm6 agfpg] sfo{df kl/jt{g
eO{ s+lqm6 ldSr;{sf] k|of]u xF'b} xfn Aoflrª KnfG6sf] k|ljlwn] s+lqm6 lgdf{0f sfo{ eO/x]sf]
cj:yfdf pks/0fsf] ;§f >dzlQm k|of]u x'g] u/L nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/]sf] oyfy{k/s
b]lvPg . ;8s ljefusf] :jLs[t gD;{sf] cfwf/df lgdf{0f sfo{sf] lan ckm SjflG66Ldf
;dfj]z ePsf] s+lqm6 Pd @) sf] dfq u0fgf ubf{ cfof]hgfdf rfn' /x]sf $ 7]Ssfsf] t'ngf
ubf{ ?=#@ s/f]8 (( nfv a9Lsf] nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t ePsf] 5 . ctM gD;{ kl/dfh{g
ug'{kb{5 .
70.2 zxLb u+ufnfn /fli6«o x[bo s]Gb|n] o; jif{ ^ n6sf !%$ yfg k]; d]s/sf] ?=@ s/f]8 **
nfvsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ @ cfk"t{ssf] cf};t b/nfO{ dfq cfwf/ lnPsf] 5 eg] %
n6sf ^@@ yfg eNj, !@ n6sf *&% yfg :6]Gy / % n6sf kL=6L=Pd=;L= a]n'g tyf
;fdfg !*) yfgsf] hDdf ?=!$ s/f]8 !( nfvsf] k'i6\ofO{ x'g] cfwf/ gv'nfO{ nfut
cg'dfg tof/ u/]sf] kfOof] .
70.3 dfgj cË k|Tof/f]k0f s]Gb|n] ljleGg !^ k|sf/sf d]l8sn pks/0f tyf d]l;g/Lsf] nfut
cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ ;a} cfO{6dx?sf] ahf/efp ut jif{sf] d"NonfO{ cfwf/ gdfgL ahf/jf6
k|fKt b/dWo] klg pRr b/ lnPsf], s'g}df ahf/ b/ glnPsf], sltkodf Pp6f kmd{af6 dfq
b//]6 lnPsf] tyf cGodf ;d]t cf};t b/nfO{ cfwf/ gdfgL oy]i6 k'i6\ofO{a]u/ nfut
cg'dfg :jLs[t u/L ?=!# s/f]8 ^^ nfvsf] vl/b sfo{ u/]sf] lgod;Ddt dfGg ;lsPg .
70.4 ;8s ljefusf] gD;+df kmnfd] 808Lsf] sfo+ ubf+ sf6\g], af_Wg], lkmS; ug]+ cflb sfo+sf]
nflu k|lt6g sfddf !-!% 6g 808L nfUg] Joj:yf 5 . ;8s ljefuafx]s cGo lgsfosf]
gD;+df !-)% 6g 808L nfUg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft
dGqfnocGtu{tsf & lgsfosf] nfut cg'dfgsf] k/LIf0f ubf+ lgdf+0f sfo+df $ nfv %!
xhf/ s]-hL- yk kmnfd] 808L a9L k|of]u eO+ ?-$ s/f]8 $( nfv a9L nfut kg+ uPsf] 5 .
To:t} ;8s ljefusf] gD;+df l;d]G6 afn'jfsf] hf]8fO+ ePsf] 9'ufsf] ufx|f] nufp_bf

k|lt3gld6/ ufx|f]df !-!% 3-ld- / cGo ljefusf] :jLs=t gD;+df k|lt 3-ld- ufx|f] nufp_bf
!-!) 3-ld- 9'uf nfUg] Joj:yf 5 . of] jif+ % lgsfosf] nfut cg'dfg k/LIf0f ubf+ !)
xhf/ 3-ld- 9'Ëf a9L k|of]u eO+ ?-! s/f]8 %^ nfv nfut cg'dfg k'i6\ofO+a]u/ a9]sf]
b]lvof] .
70.5 ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !)-&_ cg';f/ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg
tof/ ubf{ !% k|ltzt cf]e/x]8 vr{ /fVg] Joj:yf 5 . /fgL hd/f s'nl/of cfof]hgfn]
lkm8/ gx/sf] nfOlgª, k'n tyf sNe6{ lgdf{0f / ;8s :t/f]Gglt ug]{ sfo{sf] Ps 7]Ssfsf]
ljefuLo k|d'vaf6 nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t ubf{ !% k|ltztsf] cltl/Qm % k|ltzt cf]e/x]8
yk u/]sf] b]lvof] . pQm 7]Ssfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{tkm{ -hg/n cfO6d, 8] jS;{ / lk=P;=
cfO6dafx]s_ sf] dfq nfut cg'dfg ?=&% s/f]8 $# nfvdf !% k|ltzt x'g] cf]e/x]8
?=!! s/f]8 !^ nfv / cltl/Qm cf]e/x]8 ?=# s/f]8 %$ nfv ;dfj]z x'Fbf 7]Ssfsf] nfut
cÍ a9\g uO{ yk Jooef/ kg{ uPsf] 5 . kfFr k|ltzt cf]e/x]8 36fpFbf lgdf{0f sfo{sf]
jf:tljs nfut cg'dfg ?=&! s/f]8 *$ nfv x'g]df ?=&% s/f]8 $# nfv sfod u/]sf] /
?=&& s/f]8 %# nfvdf 7]Ssf :jLs[t u/L ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . k|rlnt sfg'gdf gePsf] yk
cf]e/x]8 /fVbf ?=% s/f]8 ^( nfv nfut a9\g uPsf]] 5 . lgodk|lts"n lg0f{o ug]{
kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfOg'kb{5 .
70.6 x'nfsL ;8s cfof]hgfn] ;8s tyf k'n lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfgdf u'0f:t/ k/LIf0fsf
nflu ;DalGwt cfO6dsf] b/ ;dfj]z u/]sf]df lan ckm SjflG66Ldf ;d]t u'0f:t/
k/LIf0fsf] nflu k|f]lehgn ;ddf ?=(# nfv /fv]sf] 5 . To:t} l;d]G6 s+lqm6, ODa]Íd]G6,
l;d]G6 afn'jf hf]8fOsf] OF6fsf] ufx|f] / Knfi6/sf] b/ ljZn]if0f ubf{ k|To]s cfO6d b/df
u'0f:t/ k/LIf0fsf] nflu !% k|ltzt cf]e/x]8 ;d]t ?=! s/f]8 #@ nfv nfut cg'dfgdf
;dfj]z u/L lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=(( nfvdf ;Demf}tf u/]sf] kfOof] . o;/L u'0f:t/
k/LIf0fafkt bf]xf]/f] /sd e'QmfgL x'g] cj:yf /x]sf] kfOof] .
70.7 lgdf+0f sfo+sf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf+ lgdf+0f ;fdu|Lsf] b/efp / sfdbf/sf] Hofnf
;DalGwt lhNnfsf] b//]6 lgwf+/0f ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] b//]6nfO+ cfwf/ lng'kg]+df l8lehg
;8s sfof{no eQmk'/n] @)&!.)&@ df sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfdf lgdf+0f u/]sf ;a} ;8s
of]hgfdf eQmk'/ lhNnfsf] b//]6nfO+ cfwf/ lnPsf]n] !) ;8s of]hgfdf ?-! s/f]8 !*
nfv yk Jooef/ kg+ uPsf] 5 .
70.8 ;8s ljefuaf6 hf/L gD;{df c:kmfN6 s+lqm6df k|of]u x'g] lu§Lsf] ;fOh -^–!) PdPd_
tf]s]sf]df sf7df8f}+ pkTosf ;8s lj:tf/ cfof]hgfdf lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] gd"gf 5gf}6 u/L
u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f u/]sf s]xL k|ltj]bg k/LIf0f ubf{ ;f]cg';f/sf lu§L %) k|ltztdfq /x]sf] 5 .
cfof]hgfn] km/s ;fOhsf] lu§L k|of]u ubf{ % vl/b ;Demf}tfdf ?=$^ nfv yk nfut kg{
uPsf] 5 .
;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnLn] lgb]{li6 u/]sf] kl/lwleq /x]/ oyfy{k/s x'g] u/L nfut
cg'dfg tof/ ul/g'kb{5 .
71. l8hfOg kl/jt{g – /]n ljefusf k/fdz{bftfn] k]; u/]sf] k|ltj]bgdf sfln~hf]/ / km'nhf]/
k'nsf] kmfpG8];g #) b]lv #% ld6/ ulx/fO;Dd @ ld6/sf] prfO{df kfOndfkm{t agfpg]

pNn]v ePsf]df @ ld6/ df]6fOsf] kfOn g]kfndf pknAw x'g g;Sg] sf/0f b]vfO{ k'nsf]
l8hfOg j]n kmfp08];gdf ug{] u/L ?=*% s/f]8 $% nfv nfut cg'dfg :jLs[[t u/]sf]
kfOof] . pQm k'nsf] kmfpG8]zg k'gM l8hfOg ug{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ?=@* nfv
e'QmfgL ug{] u/L lan ckm SjflG66Ldf ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 . k'nsf] kmfpG8]zg pko'Qm
gePsf], g]kfndf @ ld6/ rf}8fO{sf] kfOn gkfpg] cj:yf /x]sf] tyf #) b]lv #% ld6/
ulx/fO{sf] kfOn kmfp08];gdf l:6n Sofl;ª cfjZos kg]{ l:ylt g} pNn]v gu/]sf] h:tf
sdhf]/L /x]sf] l8hfOg tyf k/fdz{bftfsf] k|ltj]bg :jLs[t u/L k/fdz{bftfnfO{ cd]l/sL
8n/ @& nfv ^& xhf/ / g]kfnL ?=!@ s/f]8 ( nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . k/fdz{bftfsf]
sdL sdhf]/Lsf] sf/0f l8hfOg kl/dfh{g ug{ ?=@* nfv yk vr{ ePsf] 5 .
o;}u/L l8lehg ;8s sfof{no wg'iffn] df9L gbL k'n ?=% s/f]8 &^ nfvdf @
jif{leq ;DkGg ug]{ u/L lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df ?=! s/f]8 !$ nfv e'QmfgL
ePsf] 5 . k'nsf] z'? 8«OË l8hfOgdf /x]sf] s6ckm jfnsf] kl/jt{g ug'{kg]{ / lgdf{0f
sfo{df l9nfO eO{ vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] 5 eg] k]ZsL hdfgt ?=%* nfvsf]
Dofb ;d]t ;dfKt ePsf] 5 . o;}u/L l8lehg ;8s sfof{no kfNkfaf6 lgdf{0ffwLg
sfnLu08sL k'n rfkfsf]6 lglb{d3f6 ?=!$ s/f]8 !) nfvsf] nfutdf lgdf{0f z'? ePsf]df
j]n kmfpG8]zgsf] ;§f kfOn kmfpG8]zg sfod ug]{ u/L l8hfOg kl/jt{g ePsf]n] saf]n
cÍ ?=#^ nfvn] a9\g uPsf] kfOof] .
72. 7]Ssf Joj:yfkg – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ adf]lhd 7]Ssfk§f :jLs[t ug]{ sfo{
k|yd rf}dfl;s cjlwdf ul/;Sg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ % dGqfnocGtu{t ?=@ va{ !)
ca{ %* s/f]8sf] 7]Ssf aGbf]a:t u/]sf] dWo] ?=! va{ *% ca{ !( s/f]8sf] 7]Ssfk§f bf];|f] /
t];|f] rf}dfl;sdf aGbf]a:t u/]sf] kfOof] . t];|f] rf}dfl;sdf ul/Psf] 7]SsfdWo] ?=@) ca{ @%
s/f]8sf] 7]Ssf cfiff9 dlxgfdf u/]sf] 5 . cfiff9 dlxgfdf xtf/df sfd u/fpFbf sfdsf]
u'0f:t/df c;/ kg{;Sg] ePsf]n] 7]Ssfk§fsf] k|lqmof sfg'gn] lglb{li6 u/]adf]lhd g} ;Dkfbg
ul/g'kb{5 .
73. d"No ;dfof]hg – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf %%-!_ df !% dlxgfeGbf a9L
cjlwsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ubf{ d"No ;dfof]hg ug{ ;lsg], bkmf %%-@_ df vl/b
;Demf}tf ug]{sf] l9nfOsf] sf/0f sfd ;DkGg gePdf / lglZrt ah]6sf] cfwf/df vl/b
;Demf}tf ePsf]df d"No ;dfof]hg ug{ g;lsg] Joj:yf 5 . n]vfk/LIf0f qmddf k|fKt
ljj/0fcg';f/ b]xfoadf]lhd & dGqfnocGtu{tsf ^@ lgsfoaf6 ?=%! s/f]8 ^@ nfv lgod
Pj+ ;Demf}tfljk/Lt d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 .
l;=g+= dGqfno cGtu{t OsfO{ /sd -?=nfvdf_
6. u[x dGqfno 1 19
7. pmhf{ dGqfno 1 2
hDdf 62 5162
o;;DaGwL d'Vo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M

73.1 ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfnocGtu{t !! sfof{non] $$ lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{
lgDgfg';f/ sfg'gn] gldNg] d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL lbPsf]n] ?=!$ s/f]8 !* nfv c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .
-/sd ?= nfvdf_
lgdf{0f Joj;foL
l;=g+= lgsfo Aoxf]/f /sd
;+Vof
! k'n cfof]hgf klZrd lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] sf/0fn] tf]lsPsf] Dofbdf sfo{ gePsf]df klg d"No & #,&@
;]S6/ g+= #, g]kfnu~h ;dfof]hg
@ k'iknfn -dWo kxf8L_ g]kfn /fi6« a}Íaf6 k|sflzt x'[g] pkef]Qmf d"No ;"rLsf] cfwf/df d"No ! @,)&
nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgf ;dfof]hg u0fgf ug{] Joj:yf u/]sf]df cfof]hgfn] pkef]Qmf d"No;"rLsf]
klZrd v08 cvfB kbfy{sf] ;"rLnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]sf]
k]ZsL s§L kl5sf] ljn /sdaf6 d"No ;dfof]hg u0fgf gu/]sf] ! !,$@
# cfof]hgf lgb]{zgfno lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] ;Demf}tfadf]lhd dfOn:6f]gsf] cfwf/df k|ult gu/]sf] $ !,&&
-Pl8la_ egL ?=* s/f]8 *^ nfv ! xhf/ k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n u/]sf] cj:yfdf
klg d"No ;dfof]hg e'tmfgL lbPsf]
df]lanfOh]zg k]ZsL gs6fPsf] $ ^*
$ k'n of]hgf dWo ;]S6/ Psd'i6 sfo{ ;Dkfbg -nd;d sG6«fS6_ df d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL lbPsf] # !,!)
g+= @
g]kfn /fi6« j}Íaf6 k|sflzt yf]s d"No ;"rLsf] cfwf/ u0fgf ug'{kg]{df ! @!
pkef]Qmf d"No;"rLsf] cfwf/df u0fgf u/]sf]
sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf]] ( dlxgf kl5sf] d"No ;"rLsf] cfwf/df lx;fj u/]sf] tyf # !@
ljdfsf] d"No ;dfof]hg lbPsf]
% l8lehg ;8s sfof{no @)&!.&@ sf] b/ ljZn]if0fcg';f/ yk sfdsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df ! *%
e/tk'/ @)^&.^* sf] b/df u0fgf u/]sf]
^ sf7df8f}+ bLuf] zx/L k]ZsL gs6fO{ e'QmfgL u/]sf] ! %%
oftfoft cfof]hgf
gbLsf] afn'jfsf] ;§f vfgLsf] k|of]u u/L ;|f]t km/s kf/]sf], 7"nf] ;fOhsf] ! !$
lu§L k|of]u u/]sf]
& l8lehg ;8s sfof{no km/s ;"q k|of]u u/]sf] ( ^!
bdf}nL
* x'nfsL /fhdfu{ of]hgf !$ cf}F /lgË lansf] /sd !% cf} landf sd lhDd]jf/L ;f/]sf]n] a9L ! @*
O6x/L e'QmfgL ePsf]
( Jofkfl/s dfu{ lj:tf/ ;dfof]hg lbg] k|fjwfg ;Demf}tfdf gePsf] tyf km/s ;"rsfFs k|of]u u/]sf], @ @%
cfof]hgf k]ZsL g36fPsf]
!) sf7df8f}_ pkTosf ;8s e]l/P;gaf6 gofF b/ sfod ul/Psf cfO6dx?sf] d"Nodf ;d]t d"No j[l4 ! @@
lj:tf/ cfof]hgf e'QmfgL lbPsf]
!! l8lehg ;8s sfof{no k]ZsL g36fPsf], g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf] ;"rsfÍnfO{ cfwf/ gdfg]sf], e]l/P;gaf6 $ !(
a'6jn yk ePsf] gofF cfO6ddf k'/fgf] ;"rsfÍsf] cfwf/df ;dfof]hg lbPsf]
hDdf $$ !$,!*
73.2 vfg]kfgL ;/;kmfO{ dGqfno cGtu{tsf] cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog lgb]{zgfnon] 7]Ssf aGbf]a:t
ug]{ qmddf d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL lbg] k|of]hgsf] nflu k]ZsL ;dfof]hg ug]{ ;DaGwdf
:ki6 pNn]v gu/L ^ vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . of] jif{ tL 7]Ssfdf lbPsf] k]ZsL ?=! ca{ !%
s/f]8 s§L gu/L d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL u/]sf] sf/0f ?=!@ s/f]8 !! nfv a9L Jooef/
k/]sf] 5 .
74. e]l/P;g vr{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf %$ df k"jf{g'dfg ug{ g;lsg] sfdsf]
nflu k|fljlws k'i6\ofFO{;lxt e]l/P;g ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . e]l/P;g cfb]z hf/L ubf{ saf]n
cÍsf] % k|ltzt;Dd sfof{no k|d'vn], !% k|ltzt;Dd ljefuLo k|d'vn] / !% k|ltzteGbf
a9Lsf] g]kfn ;/sf/n] hf/L ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . o;}u/L lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ePsf]
7]Ssf ;Demf}tfdf lan ckm SjflG66Ldf plNnlvt s'g} sfo{ kl/df0fdf @% k|ltzteGbf a9L
j[l4 ePdf jf z'? 7]Ssf /sdsf] @ k|ltzteGbf a9L x'g] u/L sfd u/fO{ e'QmfgL x'g] ePdf
a9L kl/df0fsf] e]l/P;g cfb]z hf/L ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . lgodljk/Lt e]l/P;g ug]{
lgsfo lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M

7. k//fi6« dGqfno 1 146
8. jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno 2 52
9. /Iff dGqfno 1 47
11. hg;+ª\Vof tyf aftfj/0f dGqfno 1 18
12. u[x dGqfno 1 15
13. phf{ dGqfno 1 13
hDdf 59 6076
of] jif{ gd'gf n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ %( OsfO{df ?=^) s/f]8 &^ nfvsf] e]l/P;g
lgod;Ddt b]lvPg . ;f]dWo] d'Vo Joxf]/f lgDg /x]sf 5g\M
74.1 n'lDagL kl/qmdf cfof]hgfn] ab{3f6 kfn8fF8f lqj]0fL ;8ssf] :t/f]Gglt ug]{ sfo{cGtu{t
k|f]lehgn ;d cfO6ddf vfg]kfgLsf] kfOk Pj+ lah'nLsf] kf]n x6fpg] ;d]tsf] sfdsf]
nflu ?=!! nfv saf]n cÍdf $ xhf/ ^*& k|ltzt e]l/P;g hf/L u/L ?=% s/f]8 !^ nfv
k'u]sf] 5 . k|f]lehgn ;d cfO6ddf k|lt:kwf{ gx'g] ePsf]n] To:tf] cfO6ddf cTolws
e]l/P;g cfb]z lbPsf] k'li6 ug]{ cfwf/ ePg .
74.2 k'n cfof]hgf k'n ;]S6/ g+ @ n] d'lUnªl:yt lqz"nL gbLdf !@) ld6/ nDafO{sf] k'n lgdf{0f
ug]{ ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df k|fljlws k|ltj]bgcg';f/ !^) ld6/ agfpg'kg]{ eO{ ?=@ s/f]8 @$
nfv yk nfut -vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] ##=## k|ltzt a9L_ nfUg] eO{ ;f]sf] e]l/P;g cfb]z
clwsf/ gkfPsf låtLo >]0fLsf sfof{no k|d'vn] :jLs[t u/]sf] b]lvof] . yk sfo{sf] nflu
nfUg] /sd k|f]lehgn ;ddf ePsf] /sdaf6 Joxf]g{] pNn]v u/]sf] t/ sfg'gadf]lhd clwsf/
k|fKt txaf6 e]l/P;g cfb]z hf/L u/]sf] kfOPg .
74.3 k'iknfn -dWokxf8L_ nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgf klZrd v08n] # vl/b ;Demf}tfdf z'? saf]n
cÍsf] !^=)$ b]lv !&=%& k|ltztn] x'g] ?=% s/f]8 !! nfvsf] e]l/P;g cfb]z g]kfn
;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\af6 :jLs[t ug'{kg]{df sfg'gn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldf gf3L ljefuLo k|d'vjf6
:jLs[t u/]sf] kfOof] .
74.4 l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, sf7df8f}+ ! n] Ps ;8s lgdf{0f ug{ vl/b ;Demf}tf u/L Ps
lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ?=% s/f]8 #( nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ # xhf/ *))
ld6/ af6f] &=% ld6/ rf}8f tyf %)) ld6/ af6f] %=% ld6/ rf}8f x'g] u/L #! xhf/ @%)
ju{ld6/sf] ;8s lj:tf/ Pj+ sfnf]kq] ug'{kg]{df @ xhf/ #*) ld6/ nDafO{, @! ld6/;Dd
rf}8fO{df ;DkGg u/L #% xhf/ *@# ju{ld6/ sfo{sf] /sd e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . af6f]sf]
nDafO{ #&=#& k|ltzt 36]sf] b]lvG5 . af6f]sf] nDafO 36]cg';f/ cf:kmfN6sf] sfddf *)*
3=ld=sf] ?=! s/f]8 &* nfv e'QmfgL x'g'kg{]df ! xhf/ $## 3=ld=sf] ?=# s/f]8 !% nfv

e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . cf:kmfN6sf] e'QmfgLcg';f/ sfd &&=#& k|ltzt j[l4 eP klg ;f] sfdsf]
k|fljlws cfwf/df k'li6 u/]sf] 5}g .
74.5 l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, sf7df8f}+ ! n] of] jif{ e'QmfgL ePsf $ vl/b ;Demf}tfsf aLcf]So"
cfO6ddf @% k|ltzteGbf a9L / s'n 7]Ssf /sdsf] @ b]lv !) k|ltzteGbf a9L gf3]sf]df
tfn's lgsfosf] k"j{:jLs[lt lng'kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf]df glnO{ ?=# s/f]8 !! nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf]
5.
74.6 k'iknfn -dWokxf8L_ nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgf klZrd v08 n] $ 7]Ssfsf] cfO6ddf @% k|ltzt
tyf s'n 7]Ssf ;Demf}tfsf] !) k|ltzteGbf j[l4 ePsf] cj:yfdf ;Demf}tfcg';f/ tfn's
lgsfosf] :jLs[tLa]u/ ^ cfO6ddf ?=! s/f]8 !@ nfvsf] yk sfo{ u/fPsf] lgod;Ddt
b]lvPg .
74.7 k|aGw tyf ;Def//yL ljefun] $ xhf/ %)) kf]zfs Hofs]6 vl/b ug{ ?=! s/f]8 &(
nfvsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L af]nkq cfXjfg u/]sf]df Ps cfk"t{ssf] ?=! s/f]8 &&
nfvsf] af]nkq :jLs[t u/]sf] 5 . :jLs[t ePsf] cfk"t{sn] @)&#.#.* df jfl0fHo ljefuaf6
/]l8d]8 sk8f / nQf sk8fsf] sf/f]af/ ug{ kfpg] :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . ;Demf}tf cg';f/
! lbgleq cyf{t\ @)&#.#.@& df ;a} cfk"lt{ ul/;Sg'kg]{ ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v 5 . ;f]xL
cfk"t{snfO{ kl5 yk ^)& yfg Hofs]6 cfk"lt{ ug{ e]l/P;g cfb]z lbPsf] 5 . z'? ;Demf}tf
/ e]l/P;g ;d]t u/L ?=@ s/f]8 @# nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf] lgod;Ddt b]lvPg .
74.8 /fli6«o hg:jf:Yo k|of]uzfnfn]] Nofj ;fdu|L e]l/P;g :jLs[t gu/L ?=&* nfv ;Demf}tf
u/]sf]df ?=! s/f]8 ! nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no # / Joj:yfkg
dxfzfvf tyf /fli6«o hg:jf:Yo k|of]uzfnf ;d]tn] ?=!) s/f]8 &$ nfvsf] cf}iflw vl/b
ubf{ ;Demf}tfsf] kl/df0feGbf !* b]lv &( k|ltzt;Dd a9L kl/df0fdf vl/b u/] tfklg
e]l/P;g cfb]z hf/L u/]sf]df k'li6 ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g .
74.9 zxLb u+ufnfn /fli6«o x[bo s]Gb|n] :6]Gy vl/bsf] nflu @ cfk"t{s;Fu qmdzM ?=# s/f]8 ((
nfv / ?=@ s/f]8 ^& nfvdf ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df a9L kl/df0f vl/b u/L qmdzM ?=& s/f]8
%( nfv / ?=# s/f]8 &! nfv e'QmfgL lbFbf qmdzM *( / #( k|ltzt e]l/P;g lbPsf] 5 .
To;}u/L kL=6L=Pd=;L= a]n'g / h] jfo/ vl/b ug{ Ps cfk"t{s;Fu qmdz ?=!% nfv / ?=#
nfv *) xhf/df ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df qmdzM ?=& nfv %) xhf/ / ?=% nfv ^) xhf/sf]
vl/b ubf{ qmdzM %) k|ltzt 36L / !)) k|ltzt a9L vl/b ePsf]df lgoddf Joj:yf
ePadf]lhd e]l/P;g :jLs[t u/]sf] 5}g .
74.10 dxfsfnL gbL lgoGq0f cfof]hgf, bfr{'nfn] t6aGw lgdf{0f sfo{df e]l/P;g :jLs[t gu/L
?=! s/f]8 !) nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 .
74.11 l;S6f l;FrfO cfof]hgfsf] x]8jS;{df u]6 nufot xfO8«f] d]sflgsn sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg
?=! ca{ (% s/f]8 ^% nfv /x]sf]df cGt/f{li6«o af]nkqaf6 36L saf]njfnf Ps lgdf{0f
Joj;foL;Fu ?=(^ s/f]8 ^! nfvdf sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ u/L ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . l8hfOg P08
laN6 cjwf/0ffcGtu{t lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 8«OË u/fO{ cfof]hgfaf6 :jLs[t ePkl5 lgdf{0f
sfo{ z'? u/]sf]df lgdf{0fsf] qmddf kl/df0f yk36 x'g uPsf]n] kl5Nnf] k6s ?=!$ s/f]8
#! nfvsf] e]l/P;g :jLs[t u/L xfn;Dd ?=^# s/f]8 ($ nfv e'QmfgL ePsf] b]lvG5 .
l8hfOg P08 laN6 cjwf/0ffcGt{ut lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 8«OË u/fO{ lgdf{0fsfo{ ePsf]df

klg ?=!# s/f]8 ^# nfv e]l/P;g :jLs[t u/]sf] 5 . of] k4ltaf6 lgdf{0f ubf{ hf]lvd
7]s]bf/n] Joxf]g'{kg]{ ePsf]n] lgdf{0f Joj;foL :jo+n] l8hfOg u/L l8hfOg P08 laN6
k4ltaf6 lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpFbf e]l/P;g ug{ gkfpg] sfg'gL Joj:yf ;d]t ug'{kb{5 .
74.12 /fxbfgL ljefun] $) nfv d]l;g l/8]an kf;kf]6{ 5kfO{ u/L hf/L ug{ k|mfG;sf]
PssDkgL;Fu k|lt kf;kf]6{ cd]l/sL 8n/ #=%( sf b/n] @)^&.%.!! df % jif{sf] nflu
;Demf}tf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm sDkgLaf6 yk @% nfv /fxbfgL cfk"lt{ tyf hf/L ug]{ sfo{
k|lt /fxbfgL cd]l/sL 8n/ %=!$ sf b/n] ug{ dlGqkl/ifb\\ cfly{s tyf k"jf{wf/ ;ldltsf]
lg0f{oaf6 e]l/P;g :jLs[t lbPsf] 5 . k//fi6« dGqfno / pQm sDkgLaLr ePsf] z'?
;Demf}tfadf]lhd yk ^ nfv /fxbfgL z'? ;Demf}tfs} b/d cfk"lt{ cfb]z lbg ;lsg]df
ljefun] % nfv k|lt /fxbfgLsf] nflu yk cfb]z lbPsf] / cltl/Qm @% nfv /fxbfgL
cd]l/sL 8n/ %=!$ sf b/n] vl/b ug{ e]l/P;g ;Demf}tf u/]sf]n] ! nfv /fxbfgLsf] nflu
k|lt /fxbfgL cd]l/sL 8n/ !=%% sf b/n] ?=! s/f]8 $^ nfv yk Jooef/ k/]sf] 5 .
74.13 ;+v'jf;ef vfFbjf/L ahf/df vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ ug{ :yfgLo pkef]Qmf ;ldlt, bf];|f] ;fgf ;x/L
vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg sfof{no / Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLaLr @)&!.!).!& ;Dddf
sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ u/L ?=#$ s/f]8 *$ nfvsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf] b]lvG5 . cnfOgd]G6
kl/jt{g / k|fljlws q'l6sf sf/0f z'?sf] l8hfOgcg';f/ kfOksf] nDafO{ tyf k|];/ /]l6Ë
gldn]sf], kx'r dfu{ lgdf{0f / lkml6Ësf] ;fdfg 5'6 ePsf] b]vfO{ !$=(& k|ltztn] j[l4 x'g]
u/L t];|f] k6s e]l/P;g :jLs[t eO{ ;Demf}tf /sd ?=$) s/f]8 % nfv sfod ePsf] 5 .
k6s k6s e]l/P;g hf/L ug'{kg]{ sf/0fx?df k"jf{g'dfg ug{ ;lsg] s]xL kfOk tyf lkml6Ëx?
nfut cg'dfg tyf l8hfOgdf ;dfj]z gu/]sf], ;j]{If0f l8hfOg Pj+ nfut cg'dfg tof/
ug]{ k/fdz{bftfsf] sdL sdhf]/L /x]sf], k/fdz{bftfaf6 k|fKt nfut cg'dfg, l8hfOg /
8«OË oyfy{ eP gePsf]] kof{Kt hfFr gu/L :jLs[lt u/]sf] cflb sf/0f /x]sf] b]lvG5 . unt
l8hfOg ug]{ / :jLs[t ug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfOg'kb{5 .
;fj{hlgs vl/b sfg'gsf] kl/kfngf u/]/ dfq e]l/P;g ul/g'kb{5 .
75. k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ Pj+ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf
cfk'lt{stf{sf] sf/0fn] s/f/sf] kfngfdf l9nfO ePdf k|ltlbg s/f/ d"Nosf] )=)% k|ltztsf
b/n] a9Ldf s/f/ d"Nosf] !) k|ltzt;Dd k"j{ lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ lng'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
plNnlvt Joj:yfsf] kfngf gu/L b]xfoadf]lhdsf ( dGqfnocGtu{tsf &@ lgsfon] ?=@^
s/f]8 !! nfv k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n u/]sf 5}gg\ .
6. u[x dGqfno 4 97
8. lzIff dGqfno 1 6
hDdf 72 2611

75.1 l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, e/tk'/n] k'nsf] dd{t tyf lj:tf/ sfo{sf nflu Ps lgdf{0f
Joj;foL;Fu ?=! s/f]8 *@ nfvsf] nfutdf @)&@.#.!% ;Dddf sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ u/L
;Demf}tf u/]sf]df k"j{ lgwf{l/t Ifltk'lt{ glng] u/L Dofb yk u/]sf]df @)&#.#.@% df ;DkGg
ePsf] b]vfO{ ?=! s/f]8 &@ nfv e'QmfgL ubf{ ?=!^ nfv k"j{ lgwf{l/t Ifltk'l t{ c;'n u/]sf]
5}g .
75.2 l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, sf7df8f}+ ! cGtu{tsf Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] ;Demf}tfcg';f/
@)&).*.@# df sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kg]{df @)&).(.@# df lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg u/]sf] cj:yfdf
l9nf] ;DkGg u/]sf] #! lbgsf] lgodfg';f/ ?=16 nfv k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n u/]sf] 5}g .
75.3 :jf:Yo dGqfno, cfk"lt{ dxfzfvfaf6 k|lt jif{ @) xhf/ /f]n uh cfk"lt{ug{ Ps cfk"t{s;+u
# jif{sf] ^) xhf/ /f]nsf nflu ?=! s/f]8 ^& nfvdf ;Demf}tf ePsf]df clGtd jif{sf] @)
xhf/ /f]n uh cfk"lt{ u/]sf] b]lv+b}g . t];f| ] jif{sf] cfk"lt{ ug'{kg]{ cjlw ;d]t u'lh|;s]sf]
cj:yfdf cfk'lt{stf{;+u km5\of}{6 ug{ afFsL k]ZsL ?=% nfv %* xhf/ afFsL /fvL bf];|f] jif{sf]
/sd ;d]t e'QmfgL lbPsf] b]lvG5 . ;Demf}tfadf]lhd cfk"lt{ ug{] cjlw u'lh|;s]sf]n] vl/b
;Demf}tf pNn+3g ug{] cfk"lt{stf{jf6 sfo{ ;Dkfbg x'g g;s] afktsf] k"j{ lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{
;Demf}tf /sdsf] clwstd !) k|ltzt;Dd c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
75.4 :jf:Yo dGqfno, cfk"lt{ dxfzfvf / Ps k|fOe]6 lnld6]8aLr # jif{df ( nfv efon
PlG6/]ljh EofS;Lg vl/b ug{ ?=@@ s/f]8 % nfvdf ;Demf}tf ePsf]df Ifltk"lt{ nfUg] u/L
Dofb yk ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ t];|f] jif{ # nfv efPn P=cf/=eL= cfk"lt{ ug'{kg]{df
! nfv (# xhf/ 8f]h P=cf/=eL= k|fKt ePsf] b]lvG5 . klxnf] tflnsfcg';f/ &% xhf/
efonsf] ?=! s/f]8 *# nfvsf] EofS;Lg $* lbg l9nf u/L k|fKt ePsf]n] ;Demf}tfcg';f/
k|lt xKtf )=% k|ltztn] ?=^ nfv k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 . o;}u/L bf];|f]
/ t];|f] tflnsfcg';f/ cfk"lt{ ug'{kg]{ %(÷%( xhf/ 8f]h qmdzM (# lbg / $$ lbg l9nfu/L
cfk"lt{ u/]sf]df ?=@ s/f]8 *( nfvsf] k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ ?=!$ nfv ;d]t ?=@) nfv
cfk"t{sjf6 c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
75.5 ;z:q k|x/L an, k|wfg sfof{non] $ cfk"t{saf6 ljleGg k|sf/sf kf]zfs cfk"lt{ sfo{ @%
b]lv &^ lbg;Dd l9nf] u/]sf]df sfof{non] k"j{ lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ lng]u/L Dofb yk u/]sf]df
Ifltk"lt{ glnPsf]n] tL cfk"t{saf6 ?=$@ nfv c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
75.6 lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no wg'iff, uf]/vf, gjnk/f;L nufot !# n] 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf
cGtu{tsf lgdf{0f sfo{ tf]lsPsf] ldltdf ;DkGg gu/]sf]df plNnlvt k|fjwfgcg';f/
k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ ?=! s/f]8 ** nfv c;'n u/]sf] 5}g .
lgdf{0f Joj;foL jf cfk"lt{stf{af6 l9nfO ePsf]df k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .
76. Dofb yk – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf %^ adf]lhd sfa' aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt
nufotsf sf/0faf6 vl/b ;Demf}tf cjlw yk ug{;Sg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf
b]lvPsf] Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
76.1 u|fdL0f k'gM lgdf{0f tyf k'gM:yfkgf cfof]hgfn] @) lhNnf l:yt ^& ;8ssf] lj:t[t
cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg @)&!.&.!$ ;Dd -!% dlxgfdf_ tof/ ug{ ?=!# s/f]8 ^# nfvdf Ps
k/fdz{bftf;Fu ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df yk cfly{s ef/ gkg]{ u/L ljefuLo k|d'vaf6 rf}yf] k6s
@) dlxgf -!## k|ltzt_ Dofb yk ubf{ ;d]t ?=!) s/f]8 &) nfv -&*=!( k|ltzt_ dfq
vr{ eO{ !( ;8ssf] j]; nfOg ;e]{, @! ;8sdf k'gjf{; of]hgf, ( ;8sdf jftfj/0fLo
k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg / * k'nsf] ;DefJotf cWoog ug{ afFsL /x]sf]n] lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg
tof/ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . tf]lsPsf] ;dodf sfo{;DkGg ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
76.2 l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, sf7df8f}+ ! af6 Dofb yk ePsf %% 7]Ssfdf ljefuLo k|d'vn] yk
ug'{kg{] Dofb If]qLo lgb{]zsn] yk u/]sf] b]lvof] . To:t} # 7]Ssfdf If]qLo lgb]{zsaf6 af]nkq
:jLs[t ePsf]df l8lehg k|d'vn] klxnf] 5 dlxgfsf] Dofb yk u/]sf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs vl/b
lgodfjnL, @)^$ cg';f/ Dofb yk ug]{ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ug{ gldNg]df gePsf] clwsf/
k|of]u u/L Dofb yk ug'{ sfg'g;Ddt b]lvPg .
77. hdfgt – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !!) df q'l6 ;Rofpg] calw;Ddsf]
nflu sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt /fVg'kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . o;}u/L sfo{kl/rfng k]ZsL k|bfg
ubf{ ;d]t a}Í hdfgt lng'kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . plNnlvt Joj:yfsf] kfngf gu/L
b]xfoadf]lhdsf * dGqfnocGtu{tsf #@ lgsfon] ?=#% s/f]8 &) nfv a}Í hdfgtsf]
Dofba]u/ sf/f]af/ u/]sf 5g\ .
4. lj1fg k|ljlw dGqfno 1 305
7. u[x dGqfno 1 38
hDdf 32 3570

77.1 ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfnocGtu{t l8lehg ;8s sfof{no x'Dnf, ;'v]{t, kfNkf,
nlntk'/ / dsjfgk'/n] sd cjlwsf] a}Í hdfgt /fv]sf], sfo{;Dkfbg / a}Í hdfgtsf]
Dofb gf3]sf] ?=!^ s/f]8 @) nfv /x]sf] 5 .
77.2 ;:k]G;g la|h l8lehgn] g'jfsf]6sf] Ps emf]n'Ë]k'n lgdf{0fsf] 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf cGTo u/]sf]n]
sfo{;Dkfbg hdfgtafktsf] ?=^ nfv *$ xhf/ hkmt ul/g'kb{5 .
77.3 lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no, l;/xfcGtu{tsf] l;/xf–;'lvk'/ ;8s !% dlxgfleq :t/f]Gglt ug]{
u/L ?=!* s/f]8 !! nfvdf ePsf] 7]Ssf ;Demf}tfcg';f/ !) k|ltzt df]ljnfOh]zg
k]ZsLafkt ?=! s/f]8 ^) nfv lbPsf]df @)&#.!).!! ;Dd lgdf{0f sfo{sf] ef}lts k|ult
!=% k|ltzt ePsf] 5 . lgdf{0f sfo{ ;'rf? ug{ sfof{non] k6s k6s kqfrf/ u/] tfklg
sfo{ z'? ePsf] kfOPg . lgdf{0f sfo{;DkGg ug'{kg]{ cjlw ;dfKt eO;s]sf]df Dofb yk
ePsf] 5}g eg] sfof{non] hdfgt lkmtf{ dfu u/]sf]df a}Ín] hdfgtsf] Dofb ;d]t ;dfKt
ePsf] sf/0f lkmtf{ gu/]sf]n] k]ZsL /sd hf]lvddf k/]sf] x'Fbf ;DalGwt cfof]hgf k|d'vnfO{
lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
77.4 ;z:q k|x/L an, k|wfg sfof{non] Sofdf]kofu tof/L r':tf / s6gKofG6 vl/bsf] @
cfk"t+saf6 ;dodf sfo+ ;DkGg gxF'bf k|ltlbg )-)% k|ltztsf b/n] Ifltk"lt+ lng] lg0f+o
u/L Dofb yk u/]sf] 5 . vl/b ;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] sfd plNnlvt ;dofjlwleq ;Dkfbg
gug]+ cfk"t+snfO+ sfnf] ;"rLdf /fvL a}s hdfgt ?-#* nfv hkmt x'g'kb+5 .
77.5 /fli6«o hg:jf:Yo k|of]uzfnfsf] ejg lgdf{0f ug]{ lgdf{0f Joa;foLn] k]; u/]sf] Ps jfl0fHo
a}Íaf6 hf/L ePsf]] ?=#^ nfvsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt / ?=^@ nfvsf] sfo{kl/rfng k]ZsL
hdfgtsf] Dofb ;dfKt ePsf]df @)&#.&.!* df /f]Ssf /fVg a}ÍnfO{ kqfrf/ u/]sf] b]lvof] .
hdfgtsf] Dofb ;dfKt gx'Fb} /sd /f]Ssf tyf hkmt u/L ;/sf/L sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{kg]{df
;f] x'g g;s]sf]n] /sd hf]lvddf k/]sf] 5 . ctM hf]lvddf k/]sf] a}Í hdfgt c;'n u/L
;dodf hdfgtsf] /sd bfaL gug]{nfO{ lhDd]jf/ jgfpg' kb{5 .
77.6 s0ff{nL nf]sdfu{cGtu{t ;'v]{t—h'Dnf ;8sdf kg]{ b'O{ k'n lgdf{0f ug{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu
?=$ s/f]8 @ nfvsf b'O{ vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf]df lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] Ps k'nsf] sfd z'?
gu/]sf] tyf csf]{ k'nsf] cf+lzs sfo{ u/L lgdf{0f :yn 5f8]sf]n] lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] k]ZsL
hdfgt ?= %# nfv %@ xhf/ hkmt ug{ kqfrf/ ubf{ ;f] lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] gfddf hdfgt
hf/L gePsf] hjfkm ;DalGwt a}Íaf6 k|fKt ePsf] 5 . pQm vl/b ;Demf}tf cGTo u/L lgdf{0f
Joj;foLnfO{ sfnf];"rLdf /fv]sf]df vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] hdfgt / afFsL sfo{ ug{ nfUg] /sd olsg
u/L c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
77.7 gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ cg'bfg kl/rfng sfo{ljlw, @)&) df ;]jf k|bfos sDkgLx?n] h8fg
u/]sf] k|df0f ;lxt cg'bfg afktsf] /sd bfaL u/]kl5 cg'bfg kmf/fdx?sf] d"NofÍg u/L
a}Í Uof/]G6Lsf] cfwf/df () k|ltzt;Dd e'QmfgL lbg ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . ;f]cg';f/ ;]jf
k|bfos sDkgLx?n] k]ZsL lng j}slNks pmhf{ k|jw{g s]Gb|df k]; u/]sf] a}Í Uof/]G6Lsf]
cj:yf k/LIf0f ubf{ !& sDkgLn] k]; u/]sf] ?=$ s/f]8 ^# nfvsf] a}Í hdfgtsf] cjlw
;dfKt ePsf] b]lvof] . hdfgtsf] cjlw ;dfKt ePsf]n] hf]lvddf /x]sf] k]ZsL c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .
cGo ;ft sDkgLsf] gfddf /x]sf] ?=( s/f]8 * nfv a}Í hdfgtsf] ;DaGwdf
sDkgLn] k]ZsL dfu u/]sf] lgj]bg / cg'bfgsf] nflu k]; ug'{kg{] cg'bfg dfukmf/fd k|:t't
gePsf] pNn]v 5 . k]ZsL lbg cfjZos k|df0f sfuhfta]u/ hdfgtdfq lnO{ sf]ifsf] /sd
sDkgL ljz]ifnfO{ nfe x'g] u/L e'QmfgL lbg' pko'Qm b]lvPg .
sfo{;Dkfbg hdfgtsf] Dofb ;dfKt u/fpg] / hkmt gug]{nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ vl/b
lgodfjnLadf]lhd lkmtf{ lng] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
78. ;f]em} vl/b – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf * -@_ adf]lhd vl/b ubf{ k|lt:kwf{nfO{
;Lldt x'g] u/L 6'qmf 6'qmf kf/L vl/b ug'{ gx'g] Joj:yf 5 . P]gsf] k|fjwfg ljk/Lt b]xfosf
* dGqfno÷lgsfocGtu{tsf $* OsfOaf6 dfn;fdfg tyf ;+/rgf lgdf{0f nufotsf vl/b
sfo{nfO{ ljleGg 6'qmfdf nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L ?=!* s/f]8 %* nfvdf vl/b u/]sf]
b]lvG5 .
5. u[x dGqfno 6 337
7. /Iff dGqfno 1 45
hDdf 48 1858
k|lt:kwf{Tds ?kn] af]nkqsf] k|lqmof gckgfO{ nfut cg'dfg 6'qmf kf/L ;f]em} vl/b
ug]{ k|lqmofdf lgoGq0f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . vl/b sfo{df k|lt:kwf{ ;Lldt u/]sf] ldtJolotf
tyf sfg'gL b[li6sf]0faf6 ;d]t pko'Qm b]lvFb}g . vl/b ljlw k|lt:kwL{ / ldtJooL agfpg
Pj+ ;f]em} vl/b ug]{ sfo{ pk/ lgoGq0f ug{ vl/b cg'udg ug]{ bfloTj /x]sf s]Gb|Lo lgsfo
lhDd]jf/ x'g'kb{5 .
79. sfddf l9nfO – l;S6f l;FrfO cfof]hgfsf] lnÍ gx/ lgdf{0f tyf d'xfg dd{t sfo{
@)&%.&.@! leq ;DkGg ug]{ u/L Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=(* s/f]8 *! nfvdf ;Demf}tf
ePsf] 5 . ;f]cg';f/ ?=* s/f]8 ## nfv k]ZsL pknAw u/fPsf]df ;Demf}tf ldltn] @## lbg
ljlt;s]sf]df s'g} sfo{ u/]sf] 5}g . To:t} ^ 7]Ssfsf] ? $! s/f]8 !& nfvsf] ;Demf}tf
cg';f/ ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ ldlt ;dfKt e};s]sf]df @% b]lv ^) k|ltzt;Dd sfo{ u/]sf] 5 .
;dodf sfo{ gug]{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ cfjZos sf/afxL u/L sfo{tflnsf cg';/0f ug{
nufpg'kb{5 .
80. vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] cGTo – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@* df vl/b
;Demf}tf pNnª\3g eP k|fKt x'g] pkrf/sf] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf
Joxf]/f lgDg 5g\M
80.1 k'iknfn -dWokxf8L_ nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgf, klZrd v08cGtu{t 3f]8fj08 v/jfª ;8s
v08df ?=! s/f]8 $) nfvsf] sfo{ gug]{ Ps lgdf{0f Jofj;foL;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tf
;'lj:tfsf] cfwf/df cGTo u/]sf] 5 . vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] ^^@ lbgkl5
Dofb yk dfu u/]cg';f/ yk lbO{ ?=9 nfv e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . vl/b ;Demf}tf ?=! s/f]8
$) nfvsf] #@=&^ k|ltztdfq sfd u/]sf lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ?=%@ nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 .
tf]lsPsf] ;dodf sfo{ ;DkGg gug{] lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 ?=1 nfv k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{
c;'n gu/]sf], lghn] /fv]sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt ?=* nfv lkmtf{ dfu gu/]sf] tyf lghn]
sfo{ ;DkGg gu/]sf] ?=94 nfv a/fa/sf] sfo{ csf{] lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 u/fpg'kg{]df ;f]
gu/L ;'lj:tfsf] cfwf/df 7]Ssf tf]8]sf]n] ;f] sfo{df ;+nUg x'g]nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfOg'kb{5 .
80.2 l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, bfªcGtu{tsf] Ps ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;+u
? & s/f]8 #( nfvdf @)&! kmfu'g @) ;Dd ;DkGg ug{] u/L ;Demf}tf ePsf]df ;f] Dofbdf
sfo{ ;DkGg gu/]sfn] @)&#.(.@* df ;Demf}tf e+u u/L ?= ! s/f]8 (@ nfv c;'n ug]{
lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] sfd gu/]sf sf/0f yk sfd u/fpFbf nfu]sf] nfutsf]
@% k|ltztn] x'g] /sd c;'n ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf]df ;Demf}tf tf]8] kZrft\ nfut /sd ?=*
s/f]8 *# nfvsf] @% k|ltztn] x'g] ?=@ s/f]8 @! nfv c;'n ug'{kg]{df ?=! s/f]8 !$
nfvdfq c;'n u/]sf]n] 36L c;'n u/]sf] ?=! s/f]8 & nfv c;'n u/L ;Demf}tfsf] zt{
ljk/Lt sfo{ ug]{nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
81. bf]xf]/f] ;Demf}tf Y w/fgYrt/fYufO+3f6Ys6f/LYl;Gw'nLYx]6f}_8f ;8s of]hgfn] ?=! ca{ &
s/f]8sf] nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t u/fO+ ?-^^ s/f]8 &* nfvsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf u/L ?-@)
s/f]8 #$ nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf] / vl/b ;Demf}tf lg/Gt/ rfn' /x]sf 5g\ . of]hgfsf]
;dGjo sfof{non] lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fO/x]sf] ;f]xL :yndf ?-& ca+ !) s/f]8sf] sfd #^
dlxgfdf ;DkGg ug]+ u/L Ps h]-eL-;_u ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . of]hgfdf xfn;Dd e'QmfgL
ePsf] sfd / e'QmfgLsf] oyfy+ cj:yf d"Nofsg gu/L ;f]xL sfo+ PseGbf a9L lgdf+0f
Joj;foLn] lgdf+0f ug]+ gof_ vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf] kfOof] . o:tf] sfo+nfO+ sfg'g;Ddt dfGg
;lsPg .
82. jftfj/0fLo d"NofÍg – k'iknfn -dWokxf8L_ nf]sdfu{ of]hgf, k"jL{ v08n] sf]zL sf]l/8f]/
cGtu{t 3'dL{ rt/f, sfj]nL rt/f / n]u'jf3f6 rt/f ;8s v08 lgdf{0f :ynsf] @)^*.^( df
jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg gu/L ?=!@ s/f]8 ** nfvsf !^ vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf]n] # vl/b
;Demf}tfdf ?=^& nfvsf] sfo{ ;DkGg ePkl5 lgdf{0f sfo{ /f]lsPsf] / k]ZsL a}Í hdfgtsf] Dofb
;d]t ;dfKt ePsf] kfOof] . o;/L sfg'gljk/Lt vl/b ;Demf}tf ug]{nfO{ sf/afxL x'g'kb{5 .
83. ljjfb cj/f]w – sf7df8f}+ pkTosf ;8s lj:tf/ cfof]hgfaf6 vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf ljleGg
Kofs]hx?df ;8s cwLg:y If]q, ;8ssf] rf}8fO, /]vf+sg cflb kIf olsg gu/L vl/b
;Demf}tf u/]sf]n] ljjfb tyf cj/f]w l;h{gf eO{ hf]/kf6L ;fFv' ;8s v08sf $ vl/b
;Demf}tfdWo] Psdf ;Demf}tf ePsf] !% dlxgf JotLt eP tfklg lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ePsf]
b]lvPg . ;8s ;'wf/÷lj:tf/sf] nflu df}h'bf ;8sx? sl6Ë tyf u|]l8Ë u/L 5fl8g] / nfdf]
;do;Dd sfnf]kq] gul/Fbf ;8saf6 pTkGg x'g] w'nf]af6 jfo'd08n k|b"lift eO{
;j{;fwf/0fsf] hg:jf:Yodf ;d]t k|lts"n c;/ kg{ uPsf] 5 .
84. :k]l;lkms]zg — ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt k|fljlws :k]l;lkms]zg / u'0f:t/adf]lhdsf ;fdfg
k|fKt eP gePsf] k/LIf0f u/fO{ e'QmfgL lbg'kg]{df /fli6«o hg:jf:Yo k|of]uzfnfn] @
cfk"t{s;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt ;fdfg :k]l;lkms]zgadf]lhd gePsf]df klg :jLsf/
u/L ?=#) nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf] kfOof] . o;}u/L dfgjcË k|Tof/f]k0f s]Gb|n] ?=! s/f]8 &
nfvsf x]df] 8fOnfl;; d]l;g, /f]KnfG6, 8fnflh/ /]df];];/ / On]S6«f];lh{sn o'lg6 d]l;g/L
dfn;fdfg k|fljlws hfFr ubf{ ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt :k]l;lkms]zg gldn]sf]df ;d]t :jLsf/
u/L /sd e'QmfgL lbPsf] kfOof] . :k]l;lkms]zg k"0f{ ?kdf gldn]sf] cj:yfdf d]l;g,
pks/0fx? :jLsf/ ug{ gldNg]df :jLsf/ u/]sf]n] ;DalGwtnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'k5{ .
85. lgMz'Ns cf}iflw cfk"lt{ — :jf:Yo dGqfnon] kRrL; z}of;Dd x'g] lhNnf c:ktfndf &)
k|sf/sf !)@ cfO6d, k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|df ^! k|sf/sf &! cfO6d / :jf:Yo rf}sLdf
@( k|sf/sf $! cfO6d cf}iflw cfd gful/snfO{ lgMz'Ns ljt/0f ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 .
cf}iflw cfk"lt{ ;DaGwdf 36L % Kofs]hsf] vl/b k|lqmof /2 ePsf], lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;+nUg
kbflwsf/Ln] ;dodf lg0f{o ug{ g;s]sf], @)&@.&# / @)&#.&$ sf] nflu cf}iflw vl/b
k|lqmof z'? ePsf]df @* Kofs]hdf @)&# cfiff9 / @) Kofs]hdf @)&# >fj0fdf vl/b
;Demf}tf ePsf], rfn' cfly{s jif{df cfk"lt{ ug'{kg]{ cf}iflw ;f]xL cfly{s jif{df vl/b
x'g'kg]{df cfly{s jif{sf] cGTo / kl5Nnf] cfly{s jif{df ;Demf}tf u/]sf] nufotsf sf/0f
cfd hgtfn] ;dodf cf}iflw k|fKt ug{ g;Sg], cf}iflw Joj:yf ;DaGwL ah]6sf] ;b'kof]u
geO{ :jf:Yo ;]jf k|jfxdf c;/ k/]sf] b]lvof] . oyf;dod} cf}iflw cfk"lt{sf] Joj:yf
ldnfpg'kb{5 .
86. cf}iflw pks/0f cfk"lt{ – Ifo/f]u;DaGwL cf}iflw pks/0f cfk"lt{ Joj:yf ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf
Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
86.1 s]Gb|Lo tyf lhNnfdf cf}iflwsf] Go"gtd / clwstd df}Hbftsf] lglZrt dfkb08 to
ug'{kg]{df u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . d's'se/ cfjZos cf}iflwx?sf] e08f/0f u/L lhNnfsf] dfuadf]lhd
cf}iflw ljt/0f ul/g] s]Gb|sf] df}Hbft ljZn]if0f ubf{ Go"gtd tyf clwstd df}Hbftsf] :ki6
gLlt tof/ gu/]sf] sf/0f jflif{s vktsf] cf};tdf sfgfd}l;g & lbg, n]ef]Nk]mlS;g !! lbg,
OyfDa'6f]n !* jif{ / cfO;f]gfOH8 tLg;o Pd=hL= ;f9] tLg jif{nfO{ k'Ug] /x]sf] kfOof] . ut
jif{;Ddsf] ## nfv 6\ofan]6sf] Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] / of] jif{ ?=$) nfvsf] cf}iflwsf] Dofb
gf3]sf] b]lvG5 .
86.2 bft[ lgsfoaf6 k|fKt @)^( kmfu'g;Dd Dofb ePsf @ nfv @* xhf/ 6\ofan]6 tyf @)&)
kf}ifdf pTkfbg eO{ @)&% kf}if;Dd Dofb ePsf ! nfv %^ xhf/ $%) l;l/Gh u'0f:t/sf]
dfkb08 k"/f gu/]sfn] k|of]uxLg cj:yfdf e08f/0f ul//fv]sf] b]lvG5 .
86.3 of] jif{ Unf]an km08;Fu ?=(@ s/f]8 #) nfvsf] ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df ;Lw} lgo'lQm ePsf Ps
cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ s'n ;xfotfsf] @% k|ltzt cyf{t\ ?=@# s/f]8 @ nfv
sfo{qmda]u/ ;Lw} sf]if Joj:yfkgdf vr{ ug]{ ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . Unf]an km08sf] Ifo/f]u
;DaGwL ;xof]u ;Demf}tfcg'?k k|d'v k|flKtstf{ ;]e b lrN8«]gsf] ;g\ @)!%.!^ sf]
n]vfk/LIf0f ljj/0fdf s'n vr{ cd]l/sL 8n/ #! nfv &% xhf/dWo] cd]l/sL 8n/ !@ nfv
%^ xhf/sf] Ifo/f]u ;DaGwL cf}iflw pks/0fx? /fli6«o Ifo/f]u s]Gb|df k|fKt x'g'kg]{df ;g\
@)!^ l8;]Da/;Dd k|fKt ePsf] 5}g . cf}iflw pks/0f k|fKt gx'g' ;Demf}tfcg's"n sfo{
ePsf] dfGg ;lsPg .
87. ejg lgdf{0f – u0f]zbn u0fsf] b'O{ tn] hjfg nfOg ejg @)&#.#.@% ;Dddf ?=! s/f]8
%! nfvdf lgdf{0f ug{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ;Demf}tf ePsf] / k|fKt clVtof/Lcg';f/ k"/}
/sd ;f] ejgdf vr{ gePsf]n] art /sdjf6 k'g t];|f] tNnf yk ug]{ u/L ;f]xL lgdf{0f
Joj;foLjf6 sfd u/fO{ ?=! s/f]8 ^$ nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . 7]Ssf ;Demf}tfcg';f/
ug'{kg]{ k"/} sfdsf] /sd e'QmfgL ePsf] pQm ejgsf] :ynut lg/LIf0f ubf{ ‰ofn, 9f]sf,
Knfi6/, /+u /f]ug, lah'nL, 6\jfOn]6 afy?dsf] lkml6Ë cflb sfd ePsf] kfOPg . sfd} gu/L
e'QmfgL u/]sf] ?=#^ nfv *$ xhf/ c;'n u/L e'QmfgL lbg] kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfOg'
kb{5 .
88. kfOk df}Hbft – g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/_ sf] @)^@.!!.* sf] lg0f{o / vfg]kfgL tyf 9n
lgsf; ljefusf] @)^#.!.# sf] kl/kqfg';f/ ut ljutsf] df}Hbftsf] pkof]u ug]{ /
cTofjZos ePdf dfq vl/b ug'{kg]{df lhNnfdf ;~rflnt vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfx?sf nflu
kfOk tyf lkml6Ë;\ vl/b ubf{ :jLs[t jflif{s sfo{qmddf plNnlvt kl/df0feGbf a9L vl/b
ug]{ ;fy} k'/fgf] df}Hbftsf] pkof]u gu/L k'gM df}Hbftdf /xg] u/L vl/b ug]{ u/]sf] kfOof] .
kfOk tyf lkml6Ë;\sf] Go"gtd df}Hbftsf] dfkb08 tof/ u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . vfg]kfgL tyf
;/;kmfO{ l8lehg÷;jl8lehg sfof{no !) df ?=$ s/f]8 @@ nfvsf @ nfv *% xhf/
ld6/ kfOk afFsL /x]sf]df of] jif{ ?=@& s/f]8 $) nfv d"Nosf ( nfv (# xhf/ ld6/
kfOk vl/b u/]sf] b]lvG5 . of] jif{sf] cGtdf nlntk'/, ;+v'jf;ef, emfkf nufot *
sfof{nodf ?=& s/f]8 !$ nfv d"Nosf % nfv !^ xhf/ ld6/ kfOk df}Hbft /fv]sf] 5 .
Go"gtd df}Hbft lgwf{/0f u/L ljefusf] lg0f{o / lgb]{zgsf] kfngf gug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{
89. OlGhlgol/ª ;'ljwf – ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf] @)^(.!.* sf] lg0f{on] lgdf{0f sfo{sf]
/]vb]v ;'k/lehg tyf cGo sfo{ ug{ ah]6df Joj:yf u/L ;|f]t ;fwg Joj:yfkg ug]{,
7]Ssfsf] lan ckm SjflG66Ldf OlGhlgol/ª ;'ljwf /fv]/ lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ e'QmfgL ug]{
ljifodf lgoGq0f ug]{ pNn]v 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]xfocg';f/ b]lvPsf] 5M
89.1 /fgL hd/f s'nl/of cfof]hgfn] kfFr vl/b ;Demf}tfdf ?=!@ s/f]8 #) nfvdf uf8L ef8f
;'ljwf lan ckm SjflG66Ldf /fv]/ of] jif{ ?=! s/f]8 &! nfv ;lxt xfn;Dd ?= & s/f]8
&& nfv lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . ctM OlGhlgo/x?nfO{ ;'ljwf lbg]
clek|fon] aLcf]So"df uf8L ef8f ;dfj]z ubf{ cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f vr{ a9\g hfg] x'G5 .
o:tf vr{pk/ lgoGq0f ul/g'kb{5 egL ljutb]lv o; sfof{non] k|ltj]bgdfk{mt ;'emfpFb}
cfPsf]df xfn;Dd o:tf sfo{df ;'wf/ x'g g;s]sf] cj:yf ljBdfg 5 .
89.2 lan ckm SjflG66Ldf ;dfa]z u/L dxfsfnL gbL lgoGq0f cfof]hgf, bfr{'nfn] ?=$# nfv /
dxfsfnL l;FrfO cfof]hgfn] ?=!$ nfv ef8f e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . ljleGg l;FrfO
cfof]hgfaf6 uf8L pknAw u/fpg ?=@ s/f]8 (( nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . cfof]hgfn]
cgfjZos lz/f]ef/ vr{ 36fpg ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf] lg0f{o Pj+ tT;DaGwL gLltsf]
sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
89.3 zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg l8lehg sfof{no !@ n] ljleGg lgdf{0f sfo{sf] 7]Ssfdf ?=@ s/f]8
#% nfvsf] ;jf/L ;fwg, uf8L ef8f, sDKo'6/, Nofk6k, df]6/;fOsn, :s'6/ cflb cfk"lt{
ug]{ u/L 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf u/]sf] kfOof] .
90. s[lif dn vl/b / 9'jfgL – of] jif{ ;/sf/n] /f;folgs / cGo dndf d"No cg'bfg afkt
s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL lnld6]8nfO{ ! nfv *) xhf/ d]l6«s6gsf] nflu ?=# ca{ *& s/f]8 /
;fN6 6\]l8u skf]{/]zg lnld6]8nfO{ ! nfv & xhf/ d]l6\s6gsf] nflu ?=! ca{ %& s/f]8
;d]t ?=% ca{ $$ s/f]8 pknAw u/fPsf] 5 .
;fN6 6«]l8ª skf]{/];gn] ! nfv & xhf/ d]l6«s6g vl/bdf ?=! ca{ (( s/f]8 *(
nfv vr{ n]vL k|fKt ePsf] cg'bfgeGbf ?=$@ s/f]8 $^ nfv a9L vr{ u/]sf] 5 .
skf]{/];gn] a9L vr{ ug'{ k"j{ dGqfnosf] :jLs[lt ;d]t lnPsf] 5}g .
/f;folgs dn cfoft ug{ s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL lnld6]8n] ! nfv (! xhf/
d]l6«s6gsf] nflu ?=!$ nfv / skf]{/];gn] ! nfv & xhf/ d]l6«s6gsf] nflu ?=$* nfv
k|tLtkqafkt a}Í sld;g vr{ n]v]sf]df b'O{ sDkgLaLr vr{df km/s b]lvPsf] 5 . 36L
kl/df0f cfoftsf] a9L sld;g e'QmfgL ePsf]df dGqfnosf] cWoog 6f]nLn] 5fglag ug{
l;kmfl/; u/]sf]df 6'Ëf] gnufPsf]n] sf/afxL 6'Ëf] nufpg'kb{5 .

s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL lnld6]8n] vl/b u/]sf] dndWo] ?=@ ca{ $ s/f]8 ^^ nfv d"No
a/fa/sf] o'l/of ^% xhf/ *%! d]l6«s6g, 8LPkL !# xhf/ &*$ d]l6«s6g, kf]6f; ^ xhf/
@* d]l6«s6g / s[lif r"g $$! d]l6«s6g ljt/0f ug{ afFsL b]vfPsf] 5 . lgwf{l/t ;doleq
k|of]udf Nofpg g;Sbf k|of]u ug{ gldnL u'0f:t/xLg x'g] cj:yf x'G5 . ctM pQm dn
oyfzL3| k|of]udf Nofpg'kb{5 .
91. aLdf e'QmfgL – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !!@ adf]lhd lgdf{0f
Joj;foLn] lgdf{0f ;fdu|L, k|of]u ul/g] d]l;g cf}hf/ jf KnfG6 nufot lgdf{0f sfo{sf] q'l6
;Rofpg] cjlw se/ x'g] u/L aLdf u/fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . tf]lsPsf] cjlw / If]q se/ x'g]
u/L aLdf gu/fPsf], aLdf vr{sf] k|df0f k]; gu/]sf] nufot b]xfosf % dGqfnocGtu{tsf
$$ lgsfon] ?=& s/f]8 %# nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;a} k|sf/sf hf]lvd ;d]6\g] u/L
aLdf ug'{kb{5 .
4. u[x dGqfno 1 2
hDdf 44 753
;dodf 7]Ssf aGbf]a:t gu/]sf], nfut cg'dfg 6'q\mofO+ ;f]e}m vl/b u/L
k|lt:kw+fTds tyf kf/bzL+ ?kdf 7]Ssf Joj:yf x'g] gu/]sf], clwsf_z 7]Ssfdf Dofb yk
u/]sf], k"j+lgwf+l/t Ifltk"lt+ c;'n gu/]sf], nfut cg'dfg oyfy+k/s tj/n] tof/ gu/]sf],
k"jf+g'dfg ug+ ;lsg] sfd nfut cg'dfgdf ;dfj]z gu/L e]l/P;gaf6 u/fPsf], k|f]lehgn
;d tyf l8hfOg P08 ljN6 7]Ssfdf ;d]t e]l/P;g u/fPsf], ;dodf sfd gubf+ ;d]t
;Demf}tfcg';f/ sf/afxL gu/]sf], gkfpg] d"Noj=l4 lbPsf], q'l6k"0f+ l8hfOgsf sf/0f lgdf+0f
sfo+df ;d:of b]lvPsf] 5 . 7]Ssf aGbf]a:t eP tfklg tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ;DkGg geO+ ;do
/ nfutdf ;d]t j=l4 ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;fj+hlgs vl/bsf] sfd bIftfk"0f+ tj/n] x'g
;s]sf] 5}g . ctM o:tf k|sf/sf sfo+pk/ oyf;dod} ;'wf/ ug'+ h?/L 5 .
 n]vfk/LIf0f
92. n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fPsf] – sfg'gL Joj:yfcg'?k sfof{noaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg] bfloTj k"/f
gu/]sf] Joxf]/f b]xfodf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5M
92.1 cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf !^ -@_ df k|To]s sfof{non] cfo–Joosf]] n]vf /
cfly{s ljj/0f k]; u/L n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kg]{df /fli6«o Ifo/f]u s]Gb|sf] ?=!^ s/f]8 &!
nfv tyf afn :jf:Yo dxfzfvfsf] ?=!^ s/f]8 !# nfv ;d]t ?=#@ s/f]8 *$ nfvsf]
;|]:tf k]; gePsf]n] n]vfk/LIf0f x'g ;s]g . cfly{s sf/f]af/sf] ;|]:tf k]; u/L n]vfk/LIf0f
u/fpg'kb{5 .
92.2 :yfgLo zf;g tyf ;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] k|fljlws ;xfotf ?=@& s/f]8 (% nfv,
:yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s ljefucGtu{t u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{,
u|fdL0f kx'Fr ;'wf/ sfo{qmd, emf]n'Ë]k'n If]qut sfo{qmd nufot % bft[ /fi6\« tyf ;+3
;+:yfaf6 k|fKt ?=$ ca{ &) s/f]8 %) nfv, # bft[ /fi6\« tyf ;+3;+:yfaf6 ;f]e}m e'QmfgL
ePsf] cg'bfg tyf C0f ?=%$ s/f]8 &) nfv, /fli6«o u|fdL0f oftfoft ;'b[9Ls/0f
sfo{qmdaf6 cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gnfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] ?=$! s/f]8 &! nfv / lhNnf
k|fljlws sfof{no vf]6fªdf :yfgLo ;8s ;'wf/sf] nflu lgsf;f uPsf] ?=^ s/f]8 ( nfv
;d]t ?=^ ca{ (% nfvsf] n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf] 5}g .
92.3 s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltn] @)&!.&@ / @)&@.&# df j}b]lzs ;xfotf :j?k k|fKt u/]sf]
?=@@ s/f]8 ^@ nfvsf] cfly{s ;xfotf /sdsf] cfly{s ljj/0f, ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnlk ;lxt
;|]:tf sfuhft n]vfk/LIf0fsf] nflu pknAw u/fpg @)&#.(.@ df cg'/f]w u/]sf]df xfn;Dd
k]; u/]sf] 5}g .
92.4 lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf] ut jif{;Ddsf] aSof}tf #&& dWo] of] jif{ %# OsfOn] ljQLo ljj/0f
k]; u/L n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf 5g\ . aSof}tf n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fPsf #@$ df of] jif{sf] ;+Vof
yk eO{ #*) lgsfosf] aSof}tf /x]sf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] @)^( j}zfvdf tLg
dlxgfleq aSof}tf n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg lgb]{zg lbP tfklg ;f] sf] kfngf gePsf] Joxf]/f
ljut k|ltj]bgdf cf}+NofOPsf]df l:yltdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5}g .
;a} k|sf/sf sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kb{5 . ;fy} lqe'jg ljZjljBfnon]
;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf] lgb]{zg ;d]t c6]/ u/]sf] x'Fbf ;DalGwt kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/
agfpg'kb{5 .
93. :yfgLo txsf] n]vfk/LIf0f – g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @$! cg';f/ :yfgLo txsf]
n]vfk/LIf0f dxfn]vfk/LIfsaf6 x'g] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f
lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
93.1 :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf ^(-@_ adf]lhd ;fljs ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf]
clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f ufp+F ljsf; ;ldltaf6 ul7t n]vf;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df lhNnf ljsf;
;ldltn] :jLs[t u/]sf] n]vfk/LIfsaf6 / bkmf !#%-@_ adf]lhd gu/kflnsfsf] cfo–Joosf]
clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f n]vf ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df gu/ kl/ifb\af6 5gf}6 ePsf btf{jfn
n]vfk/LIfsaf6 x'Fb} cfPsf]df g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #)$-!_ adf]lhd dxfn]vfk/LIfsn]
n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{ Joj:yfsf] sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ l:ylt 5 .
;+j}wflgs Joj:yfcg';f/ @)&#.&$ b]lv g} :yfgLo txsf] n]vfk/LIf0f o;
sfof{noaf6 ug]{ u/L k|f/lDes sfo{ z'? ePsf] 5 . dGqfno;Fu ;xdlt u/L ;fljssf ufpF
ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsfsf] @)&@.&# sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;fljsadf]lhd ug]{ Joj:yf
dGqfnon] ldnfpg] / @)&#.&$ b]lvsf] cfly{s sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;+j}wflgs
Joj:yfcg';f/ o; sfof{noaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{ k|lqmof z'? ePsf] 5 . :jLs[t k|fKt
n]vfk/LIfsaf6 gu/kflnsfsf] @)&@.&# sf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg o; sfof{nodf pknAw
u/fpg] Joj:yf dGqfnon] ldnfpg] lg0f{ocg';f/ ;fljs $! gu/kflnsfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f
k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePsf] 5 . pQm n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf ;|]:tf / a}Í df}Hbft km/s k/]sf],
;DklQsf] oyfy{ d"NofÍg gu/]sf], ;fk6L / zf]wegf{ lx;fa gldn]sf], /fh:j af+8kmf+8 /sd
;DalGwt lhNNff ljsf; ;ldltdf gk7fPsf], k]ZsL km5\of}{6 x'g afFsL /x]sf] cflb s}lkmot
b]lvPsf] 5 .
93.2 pkTosf / lxdfnL If]qsf !@ lhNnfafx]s ^) lhNnfdf ;fljs ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt /
gu/kflnsfsf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf] nflu btf{jfnf n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm, ;]jf, zt{ tyf k|ltj]bg
h:tf ljifodf o; sfof{noaf6 cg'udg ubf{ ## lhNnfaf6 n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm ePsf]
ljj/0f k|fKt ePsf] 5 . ;f]cg';f/ gu/kflnsf tyf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] @)&@.&# sf]
n]vfk/LIf0fsf nflu lgo'Qm ePsf ! xhf/ &@% n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ n]vfk/LIf0f P]g, @)$* sf]
Joj:yf tyf n]vfk/LIf0fsf ;DaGwdf cled'vLs/0f÷cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf]
5 . pQm cled'vLs/0f÷cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf n]vfk/LIf0f of]hgf th'{df, n]vfk/LIf0f
Joj:yfkg tyf k|ltj]bg k|0ffnL, cfrf/;+lxtf tyf k|ltj]bgdf Go"gtd ?kdf pNn]v ug'{kg]{
Joxf]/f ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 5 . t]QL; lhNnfsf $( gu/kflnsf / !&@% ufpF
ljsf; ;ldltdf n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm ePsf]df @)&# df3 d;fGt;Dd @# gu/kflnsf /
#(# ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 .
93.3 n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf @# gu/kflnsf / #(# ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdWo] sf/f]af/ cÍ
v'n]sf * gu/kflnsf / !% ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] sf/f]af/ ?=# ca{ (# s/f]8 (# nfv 5 .
cfly{s sf/f]af/ cÍ v'n]sf gu/kflnsf tyf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] s'n a]?h" ?=& s/f]8
(* nfv b]lvPsf] 5 . ;f]dWo] c;'n ug'{kg]{ ?=^! nfv @& xhf/, clgoldt ?=# s/f]8 (#
nfv / k]ZsL afFsL ?=# s/f]8 $$ nfv /x]sf] 5 . :yfgLo txsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;xh agfpg
ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsfsf] ;|]:tf k'gM;+/rgf kZrft\ aGg] ufpFkflnsf /
gu/kflnsfdf x:tfGt/0f x'g] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
94. cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f – g]kfn ;/sf/sf sfof{nox?, ;/sf/L k"0f{:jfldTj ePsf ;+:yf,
:yfgLo lgsfo / lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fsf] d"NofÍg ubf{
b]xfoadf]lhdsf] l:ylt b]lvPsf] 5M
94.1 cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% n] ;a} ;/sf/L sfof{nox?sf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f dxfn]vf
lgoGqs sfof{non] tf]lsPadf]lhd ug]{ u/fpg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . dxfn]vf lgoGqs
sfof{non] hf/L u/]sf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f lgb]{lzsfdf n]vfk/LIf0fsf] p2]Zo / If]q lgwf{/0f
u/] tfklg ;a} ;/sf/L lgsfox?sf] ;a} sf/f]af/nfO{ cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fdf ;d]6\g ;s]sf]
5}g .
sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg u/]sf pkTosf afx]ssf
&@ lhNnfcGtu{t ! xhf/ *(& sfof{nosf] a]?h" gb]lvPsf] hgfPsf] 5 . cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fn]
b]vfPsf] a]?h" /sddWo] (( k|ltzteGbf a9L k]ZsL a]?h"dfq /x]sf], clwsf+z Joxf]/f ;}4flGts
/x]sf], Joxf]/f cf}+NofpFbf sfg'gL cfwf/ v'nfPsf] 5}g . o;af6 dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6
cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg g;s]sf] :ki6 x'G5 . clgoldt Pj+ c;'n ug'{kg]{
a]?h"sf] k|ltzt Go"g /x]sf]n] k|efjsf/L / glthfd"ns 9Ën] n]vfk/LIf0fsf] sfof{Gjog x'g
g;s]sf] cj:yfdf clGtd n]vfk/LIf0fdf a9L ;do nufpg' k/]sf] 5 .
;fj{hlgs n]vf, n]vfk/LIf0f / d"NofÍg Pj+ cg'udg cj:yfsf] cWoog ug{
;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltåf/f ul7t pk;ldltn] @)^&.!.!# df lbPsf] k|ltj]bgn] cfGtl/s
n]vfk/LIf0fnfO{ sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 cnu u/L dxfn]vf lgoGqs
sfof{nosf] 5'§} OsfO{af6 ;Dkfbg u/fpg], n]vfk/LIfssf] j[lQ ljsf; ug]{,
n]vfk/LIf0fdfgsf] ljsf; ug]{, Joj:yfkg ;"rgfk|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug]{, cf}+NofOPsf a]?h"x?

b'O{ dlxgfleq c;'n km5\of}{6 ug]{ u/fpg] Joj:yf ug]{ h:tf ;'emfjx? lbPsf]df ;f]sf]
sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . sfo{of]hgf agfO{ cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fnfO{ ;'b[9 ug'{ h?/L 5 .
94.2 sDkgL P]g tyf ;+:yfsf] k|rlnt lgodcg';f/ n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldlt u7g u/L sfof{Gjogdf
Nofpg] Joj:yf 5 . g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] @)^) df tof/ u/]sf cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f tyf
lg/LIf0f sfo{ lgb]{lzsfnfO{ xfn;Dd klg kl/dfh{g gu/L ;~rfng u/]sf] b]lvG5 . g]kfn
cf}iflw lnld6]8 / g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudn] ;+:yfut ;'zf;g sfod /fVg n]vfk/LIf0f
;ldltsf] u7g ;d]t u/]sf 5}gg\ . x}6f}+8f l;d]G6 pBf]un] n]vfk/LIf0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg
lgb]{zsf ;d]t tof/ u]sf] kfOPg . g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f dxfzfvfn] ;a}
txsf sfo{sf/L clwsf/Lsf] sfd st{Josf] lg/LIf0f ug]{ clVtof/L gkfPsf] cj:yf 5 .
sf7df8f}+ pkTosf vfg]kfgL af]8{n] sf/f]af/sf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf] 5}g . s[lif
;fdu|L sDkgLsf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f zfvfn] ;Dk"0f{ sf/f]af/nfO{ g;d]6L k/LIf0f u/]sf]
b]lvG5 . b l6Da/ skf]{/];g g]kfn lnld6]8sf] ul7t n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] @)&@.&# df a}7s
;d]t a;]sf] b]lvFb}g . ;+ul7t ;+:yfx?n] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fnfO{ ;do ;fk]If k|efjsf/L /
glthfd"ns agfpg g;s]sf] l:ylt 5 .
n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldlt u7g, lgb]{lzsf sfof{Gjog Pj+ kl/dfh{g, hgzlQm tyf sfo{If]q,
;'wf/;lxtsf] k|lta4tf, k|ltj]bgsf] sfof{Gjog / ;f]sf] lg/Gt/ k'g/fjnf]sg nufotsf
ljifodf ;'wf/ u/L ;+ul7t ;+:yfx?sf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fnfO{ k|efjsf/L t'NofOg'kb{5 .
94.3 :yfgLo lgsfo cfly{s k|zf;g lgodfjnL, @)^$ adf]lhd lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt Pj+ ufpF
ljsf; ;ldltsf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{ / cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0faf6 lg:s]sf] lhNnf
ljsf; ;ldltsf] a]?h" clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f x'g' cufj} km5\of}{6 ug'{kg]{ tyf ufpF ljsf;
;ldltsf] a]?h"sf] nut /fvL ;Dk/LIf0f ug]{ Joj:yf 5 .
dfl;s ?kdf cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f gu/L rf}dfl;s ?kdf ug]{ / cfly{s jif{sf]
cGtdf dfq jflif{s n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ kl/kf6L oyfjt 5 eg] cfGtl/s
n]vfk/LIf0faf6 lg:s]sf] a]?h" clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f x'g' cufl8 km5\of}{6 ug]{ u/]sf] 5}g . o;
;DaGwdf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f a]?h" / km5\of}{6sf] l:ylt cWoog
ubf{ & lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] ?=$& s/f]8 #^ nfv a]?h" b]lvPsf]df km5\of}{6 gu/]sf], %
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltaf6 a]?h"sf] nut cBfjlws gu/]sf], lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf]
sfof{no, sf7df8f}+df !( JolQm tyf ;+:yfsf] gfdsf] k]ZsL ?=@ s/f]8 *^ nfv a]?h"df
;dfj]z gePsf], !@ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] a]?h"sf] cfwf/ gv'nfO{ k|ltj]bg ug]{ u/]sf] tyf
ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] a]?h" nut tyf km5\of}{6sf] clen]v cBfjlws gu/]sf]n] cfGtl/s
n]vfk/LIf0f k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
lgodfjnLcg';f/ dfl;s ?kdf sfg"gL cfwf/ v'nfO{ k|ltj]bg ug'{kg]{ / cf}+NofOPsf
a]?h" ;dod} km5\of}{6 u/L cfly{s sf/f]af/ :jR5 / kf/bzL{ u/fpg'kb{5 .
94.4 lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf] cfo–Joosf] ljj/0f tof/ u/L n]vf cBfjlws /fvL cfGtl/s
n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . o; jif{ ljZjljBfnocGtu{tsf !@^ dWo] ^( lgsfon]
dfq cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f u/fO{ ljQLo ljj/0f k]; u/]sf 5g\ . ;dodf cfGtl/s
n]vfk/LIf0f u/L ljQLo ljj/0f k]; gu/]sf]n] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no, lzIf0f c:ktfn, OlGhlgol/Ë
cWoog ;+:yfgcGtu{tsf lgsfox? / k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no nufot %& lgsfosf]
n]vfk/LIf0f x'g ;s]g . cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f u/fO{ ljQLo ljj/0f k]; gug]{nfO{ lhDd]jf/
agfpg'kb{5 .
 cfo k|flKt
95. ef8f aSof}tf – ;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] ef8f c;'n u/L /fh:j bflvnf ug'{kg]{df ;}lgs xjfO{
dxflgb]{zgfnocGtu{tsf] Jofkfl/s p8fg ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] xjfO{ ef8f, OGwg vr{,
eQf / cjt/0f z'Ns afkt dWo Po/ j]zn] # lgsfo;Fu ?=#@ nfv, x]lnsf]K6/ rf6{8 ef8f
afkt @)#$.#% b]lv @)&@.&# ;Dd %( lgsfo / ;+:yfaf6 ?=^ s/f]8 &^ nfv,
eL=eL=cfO{=kL= p8fg ;]jftkm{ @)$@.$# b]lv @)&@.&# ;Dd @* lgsfo / ;+:yfaf6 ?=!
s/f]8 @% nfv ;d]t ?=* s/f]8 ## nfv p7\g afFsL /x]sf] 5 . pQm aSof}tf /sddWo]
lj36g ePsf * ;/sf/L lgsfo;Fu ?=^) nfv / u[x dGqfno;Fu ?=# s/f]8 !# nfv afFsL
/x]sf] 5 . c;'n ug{ afFsL ef8fsf] %) k|ltztn] x'g] ?=$ s/f]8 /fh:j bflvnf x'g]df
aSof}tfsf] sf/0fn] /fh:j c;'nL ;d]t ePsf] 5}g . o;}u/L :jf:Yo dGqfnocGtu{t !)
c:ktfnn] ;6/ ef8fdf nufPafktsf] ?=@ s/f]8 !! nfv ;d]t ?=!) s/f]8 $$ nfv
c;'n ug{ afFsL b]lvG5 . k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd sf/afxL u/L aSof}tf /sd oyfzL3| c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .
96. e"axfn s/ – k]6«f]lnod cGj]if0f kl/of]hgfn] e"axfn s/afkt Ps sDkgLaf6 k|fKt ?=%
s/f]8dWo] ?=$ s/f]8 %! nfv bflvnf u/]sf]n] af_sL] ?=$( nfv bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
97. k|;f/0f z'Ns – /fli6«o k|;f/0f P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf % df g]kfnleq s'g} 7fpFdf :of6]nfO6
s]a'n jf cGo ;~rf/ dfWodåf/f sfo{qmd k|;f/0f ug{ jf lk|mSj]G;L df]8'n];g -Pkm=Pd_
sfo{qmd k|;f/0f k|0ffnL :yfkgf u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ JolQm jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn]
k|;f/0f, Ohfht z'Ns a'emfpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . /]l8of] g]kfnn] @# Pkm=Pd= :6]zg tyf
g]kfn 6]lnlehgn] @)^^.^& b]lvsf] k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0f z'Nsafkt ?=$ s/f]8 *! nfv of]
jif{;Dd a'emfPsf] kfOPg . P]gcg';f/ tf]lsPsf] Joj:yfsf] kfngf u/L afFsL /sd c;'n
x'g'kb{5 .
98. /f]oN6Ldf hl/afgf – b"/;~rf/ lgodfjnL, @)%$ sf] lgod @^ df cg'dlt k|fKt JolQmn]
cfk"mn] k|fKt u/]sf] jflif{s s'n cfDbfgLsf] $ k|ltztn] x'g] /sd k|To]s jif{ g]kfn
;/sf/nfO{ /f]oN6L a'emfpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . b"/;~rf/ ;]jfk|bfosx?n] a'emfpg'kg]{ /f]oN6L
cfly{s jif{ k"/f ePsf] # dlxgfleq ga'emfPsf]n] e'QmfgL ug{ afFsL /sdsf] k|To]s dlxgf @
k|ltztsf b/n] yk b:t'/ ;d]t nfUg] u/L lg0f{o x'g k|flws/0fn] ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/
dGqfno ;dIf @)&#.!.@$ df k7fPsf] kfOof] . b"/;~rf/ ;]jfk|bfosx?n] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{
tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq /f]oN6L /sd ga'emfPsf] / cfkm};Fu /fvL l9nf bflvnfug]{ u/]sf] Joxf]/f
ljut k|ltj]bgdf ;d]t cf}NofPsf]df of] jif{ ;d]t k|flws/0fsf] k|:tfj / l;kmfl/; pk/
lg0f{o gu/L /fVgfn] ;]jfk|bfosx?n] !! dlxgf;Dd /f]oN6L /sd ga'emfO{ /fv]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
/f]oN6L l9nf bflvnf u/]sf]df hl/afgf lng] Joj:Yff sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5}g . o; ;DaGwdf
;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfOg'kb{5 .
99. lk|mSj]G;L b:t'/ – Go"gtd lk|mSj]G;Lsf] b:t'/ k|To]s jif{ cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ^
dlxgfleq / yk tyf clwstd lk|mSj]G;L / le:of6sf] b:t'/ cfly{s jif{ z'? ePsf] tLg
dlxgfleq e'Qmfg gu/]df k|To]s dlxgf b'O{ k|ltztn] yk b:t'/ nfUg] / yk b:t'/ nfu]sf] ^
dlxgfleq /sd ga'emfPdf cg'dlt /2 u/L ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . of]
jif{ ;d]t tLg ;]jf k|bfosn] o; k|sf/sf] lk|mSj]G;Ldf yk b:t'/afkt nfUg] ?=% s/f]8 #%
nfv ;d]t ?=#% s/f]8 !! nfv lk|mSj]G;L b:t'/ c;'n ug{ afFsL /x]sf]df ;"rgf tyf
;~rf/ dGqfnon] /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
/]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L;DaGwL gLlt, @)^( n] lk|mSj]G;Lsf] d"No lgwf{/0f ljlw :jLs[t u/L
!! -s_ df hL=P;=Pd= df]afOn ;]jfsf] lgldQ 5'6\ofPsf] Go"gtd lk|mSj]G;Lsf] b:t'/ Psd'i6
?kdf ;f] ;]jf k|bfossf] jflif{s s'n cfDbfgLsf] )=$ k|ltzt /sd sfod ul/g] 5 eGg]
gLlt :jLs[t u/]cg';f/ s'n cfosf] cfwf/df hL=P;=Pd= ;]jfsf] Go"gtd lk|mSj]G;Lsf] b:t'/
Psd'i6 lnOg'kb{5 .
100. lk|mSj]G;L gLltsf] kl/kfngf – b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf] /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L;DaGwL gLlt, @)^( df
klxnf] ;+zf]wg u/L @)&# hf/L u/]sf] 5 . lk|mSj]G;L gLlt, @)^( df kmf]/ hL ;]jfsf] nflu
5'6\ofOg] lk|mSj]G;L Aof08ljy, k|To]s ;]jf pknAw x'g] lk|mSj]G;L To;sf] Go"gtd d"No
a9fa9sf] k|lqmof ;DaGwdf ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfnon] l5d]sL d'n'ssf] Joj:yfsf] ;d]t
cWoog u/L gLlt k|f/De ePsf] ^ dlxgfleq ;ldlt ;dIf :ki6 k|:tfj k]; ug]{ Joj:yf
eP tfklg @)&# df gLlt kl/jt{g ubf{ o;cg'?k sfo{ x'g afFsL /x]sf] pNn]v u/]sf]n]
gLltut Joj:yfsf] kfngf x'g ;s]sf] kfOPg . o;;DaGwL Joxf]/f lgDg 5g\M
100.1 b"/;~rf/ P]g @)%# sf] bkmf $( n] /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L;DaGwL gLlt lgwf{/0f, afF8kmfF8 / d"No
;d]t lgwf{/0fsf] sfo{ ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/dGqLsf] cWoIftfdf ul7t ;ldltn] ug]{ Joj:yf 5 .
/]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L gLlt @)^( adf]lhd ;]jf k|bfosn] pQm gLlt @)^(.&.!( df nfu" x'g'eGbf
cufl8 Go"gtdeGbf a9L cf]u]6]sf] lk|mSj]G;L lkmtf{ glnPsf], ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf]
lgb]{zgcg';f/ af]nsaf]n k|lqmof ckgfpg lgb]{zg lbP tfklg ;f]sf] sfo{Gjog ePsf]
b]lvPg .
100.2 b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf] /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L gLlt, @)^( df b"/;~rf/ ;]jfdf k|of]u x'g] /]l8of]
lk|mSj]G;L ;Lldt / pRr dxTjsf] k|fljlws ;|f]t ePsf]n] a9fa9sf] dfWodaf6 d"No lgwf{/0f
ug]{ k|lqmof g} ljZjJofkL ?kdf cjnDag ul/Psf] pRrtd cEof; /x]sf] pNn]v u/L
b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf] lk|mSj]G;Laf6 /fHon] jf:tljs d"No k|fKt ug]{ cj:yf ;'lglZrt ug{
k|lt:kwf{Tds ?kdf ljt/0f ug{ cfjZos ePsf] / y|L hL tyf kmf]/hL nufot gofF ;]jfsf]
nflu lk|mSj]G;L d"No lgwf{/0f ug]{ cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df gLlt hf/L u/]sf] pNn]v 5 .
lk|mSj]G;L gLlt @)^( df % jif{kl5 klxnf] ;+zf]wg ubf{ y|L hL / kmf]/ hL sf nflu a9L
pkof]uL b]lvPsf ()) d]ufxh{ / !*)) d]ufxh{ Aof08sf lk|mSj]G;L k|fo ;a} ;]jf
k|bfosx?nfO{ ljt/0f ul/;lsPsf]n] a9fa9 x'g ;Sg] cj:yf gePsf] pNn]v ugf{n] 3f]lift
gLlteGbf km/s k|lqmofaf6 lk|mSj]G;Lsf] afF8kmfF8 / ljt/0fsf] sfo{ u/]sf] b]lvof] .
100.3 lk|mSj]G;L gLlt, @)^( df gLlt k|f/De ePkl5 oyfzL3| kmf]/ hL sf] lk|mSj]G;L a9fa9 k|lqmof
cf/De ul/g] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] eP tfklg gLlt cfPsf] % jif{;Dd k|lt:kwf{ gu/fO{ @)&# df
k|ljlw t6:ytf ;DaGwL Joj:yf u/L kmf]/ hL ;~rfng ug{ lbPsf] 5 . pRr d"Nosf ;a}
lk|mSj]G;Ldf k|lt:kwf{ u/fpg'kb{5 .

100.4 b"/;~rf/ P]gsf] bkmf $(-!_ adf]lhd b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf] /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;Lsf] d"No tf]Sg]
clwsf/ ;ldltnfO{ x'g] Joj:yf 5 . b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf] lk|mSj]G;L gLlt, @)^( cg';f/ &))
d]ufxh{ tyf @^)) d]ufxh{ Aof08sf] lk|mSj]G;L a9fa9 ;DaGwL Joj:yf sfod u/L
k|flws/0fn] gLlt k|f/De ePsf] # dlxgfleq &)) d]ufxh{ / @^)) d]ufxh{ Aof08sf]
Go"gtd b:t'/ tf]Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf] kfOof] . sfg'gcg';f/ dGqLsf] cWoIftfdf ul7t ;ldltn]
tf]Sg'kg]{ b:t'/ gLltdf k|flws/0faf6 tf]Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf] kfOof] . of] Joj:yfnfO{
sfg'g;Ddt agfO{ ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
101. lxdfnsf] /f]oN6L — ko{6g P]g, @)#% sf] bkmf #&-@_ adf]lhd kj{tf/f]x0f ;+3nfO{ ;/sf/n]
tf]s]sf] lxdfnr'nLsf] cf/f]x0f ug]{ cg'dlt k|bfg ug]{ sfd ;'Dkg ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . bkmf
#&-$_ df g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfj:os cfb]z jf lgb]{zg lbPsf] cj:yfdf pQm ;+3n] kfngf
ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] @)#$.!).% sf] lg0f{on] !* ;fgf r'r'/fx? cf/f]x0f ug{
OR5's kbofqL tyf kj{tf/f]xL;Fu ;]jf z'Ns lnO{ cf/f]x0f ug{ :jLs[lt lbg] clwsf/ g]kfn
kj{tf/f]x0f ;+3nfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] .
dlGqkl/ifb\n] @)%(.%.#! df k'gM !% ;d]t s'n ## lxdfnr'nLsf] /f]oN6L p7fpg],
k|j{wg / Joj:yfkg ;d]t ug]{ u/L ;+3nfO{ lhDdf lbPsf] 5 . lxdfnaf6 p7]sf] /f]oN6Lsf]
@) k|ltzt :yflgo ljsf; sf]if, !) k|ltzt jftfj/0f ;+/If0f sf]if / % k|ltzt p4f/
sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{kg]{ ;d]t lg0f{odf pNn]v 5 . ;_3n] @)%).51 b]lv 2070.71 ;Dddf ?-#
s/f]8 ** nfv / 2072.73 sf] ?=$ s/f]8 (# nfv ;d]t ?=%* s/f]8 *! nfv /f]oN6L
c;'n u/]sf] ljj/0f k|fKt ePsf] 5 . of] jif{ :yfgLo lasf; sf]ifdf hfg'kg]+ ?-! s/f]8 @*
nfv / jftfj/0f ;_/If0f sf]ifdf hfg'kg]+ ?-#% nfv ;d]t ?-! s/f]8 ^# nfv ;_3 cfkm}_n]
vr+ u/]sf] 5 . pQm ;+3n] u/]sf] vr{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f u/L k|ltj]bg pknAw gu/fpg] /
c;'n u/]sf] /f]oN6Lsf] vr{ ;DaGwdf dGqfnoaf6 cg'udg x'g] u/]sf] b]lvb}g .
ko{6g ljefun] cGo lxdfnsf] /f]oN6L c;'n u/] h:t} ;j} lxdfnsf] /f]oN6L
ljefuaf6} c;'n u/L /fhZj bflvnf ug]{ / kj{tf/f]x0f ;+3nfO{ s'g } /sd lbg'kg]{ eP ah]6
dfkm{t /sd pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
102. ld;g vr{ zf]wegf{ – ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3;F+usf] ;dembf/Lcg';f/ ld;gdf t}gfy x'g'kg]{ d'Vo
pks/0f tyf ;jf/L ;fwg gePdf jf k/LIf0fdf kf; x'g g;s]df pQm pks/0fsf] ;fy}
;f]xL cg'kftdf t}gfy ;'/IffsdL{n] k|lt dlxgf k|fKt ug]{ b}lgs eQf s6f}tL x'g] Joj:yf 5 .
of] jif{ ;'8fg ld;gdf vl6Psf k|x/L sd{rf/Lx?sf] ld;g cjlwsf] eQf g]kfn k|x/L sNof0f
sf]ifn] ljt/0f u/]sf] /sddWo] ?=& s/f]8 !# nfv zf]wegf{ k|fKt ug{ g;sL sf]ifdf a9L
Jooef/ kg{ uPsf] b]lvG5 . o;}u/L cfd{ k;f]{g]n Sofl/P/ ld;g;Fu ;DaGwL ;'/Iff ;fdu|L
tyf pks/0f Joj:yfkg gePsf]n] ;'8fg tyf xfO6Laf6 cd]l/sL 8n/ % nfv !@ xhf/sf]
@)&# c;f/ d;fGtsf] ljlgdo b/n] x'g] ?=% s/f]8 $( nfv %# xhf/ zf]wegf{ k|fKt ePsf]
5}g .
;z:q k|x/L antkm{ o'=Pg= ld;g–@ ;'8fgsf] ;dembf/L cg';f/ d'Vo pks/0f /
;]Nkm ;:6]Gd]G6 pks/0f k7fpg g;Sbf of] jif{ cd]l/sL 8n/ !% nfv $! xhf/ %*% sf]
x'g] ?=!^ s/f]8 %$ nfv ;z:q k|x/L an sNof0f sf]ifn] zf]wegf{ k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g .
To:t}, ;'8fgsf] h'df ld;gdf ^ yfg cfd{ k|;f{]g]n Sofl/o/ -P=kL=;L=_ ;'/Iff ;fdu|L pknAw

u/fpg g;Sbf ;z:q k|x/L ansf] t}gfyL afkt kfpg] eQf cd]l/sL 8n/ $ nfv *%
xhf/sf] x'g] ?=% s/f]8 @) nfv sf]ifn] zf]wegf{ k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g .
åGåu|:t If]qdf ld;gdf hgzlQm v6fpFbf cfjZos pks/0f / aGbf]a:tLsf ;fdfg
pknAw u/fpg g;Sbf cGt/f{li6«o hutdf g]kfnsf] zfv 36\g'sf] ;fy} vr{ zf]wegf{df
k|ToIf c;/ kg{] x'Fbf ;dod} cfjZos pks/0f / ;fdu|Lsf] Joj:yfkg ug'{kb{5 .
103. /lhi6«];g b:t'/ – e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yfkg ljefusf] @)^& .!@.)& sf] kl/kqfg';f/
Psk6s y}nL sfod u/]sf] /sdnfO{ csf]{ k6s laqmL ubf{ Go"gtd d"NofÍg sfod ug'{kg]{
Joj:yf 5 . dfnkf]t sfof{no l8lNnahf/n] ;ft lnvtdf vl/b d"NoeGbf ?=( s/f]8 #)
nfv sd d"Nodf lg;u{ u/]sf] b]vfO{ /lhi6\];g kf; u/]sf] sf/0f $=% k|ltztn] 5'6 ePsf]
/lhi6\];g b:t'/ / jfUdtL ;Eotf z'Ns ;d]t ?=$@ nfv tyf dlxnf /lhi6«];g 5'6df
vl/b u/]sf] hUuf # jif{leq laqmL u/]sf] sf/0f 5'6 /fh:j ?=@@ nfv ;d]t ?=^$ nfv
c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
 a9L e'QmfgL / Jooef/

104. d]nDrL bfaL e'QmfgL – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf %*-@_ df vl/b ;Demf}tfsf]
sfof{Gjogsf] l;nfl;nfdf pTkGg x'g] ljjfb ;xdltaf6 ;dfwfg ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . lgdf{0f
sfo{df ljjfb pTkGg ePdf Plds]jn ;]6nd]G6 ug'{kg]{ ;Demf}tfdf ;d]t Joj:yf 5 . 6g]n
x]8jS;{sf] nflu lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=^@ s/f]8 *& nfvdf sfd ;DkGg ug]{ u/L ;Demf}tf
ePsf]df l9nf u/L 8«OË pknAw u/fPsf], r§fg vGg] sf6\g] sfd ;Demf}tfsf] kl/df0feGbf
a9]sf] / ;dodf sfo{ ug{ gkfPsf] ;DaGwdf lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] cj/f]w nfut, lgliqmo
sd{rf/L tyf oGq pks/0f vr{, ljQLo nfut / df}Hbft nfut nufotdf $)* lbgsf] ?=!
ca{ @) s/f]8 Ifltk"lt{ bfaL u/]sf]df #$@ lbg ;dofjlw yk ;lxt ?=%* s/f]8 ^@ nfv
-;Demf}tf /sdsf] (*=@# k|ltzt_ bfaL ;ldltaf6 e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf lgDg
Joxf]/f b]lvPsf 5g\M
104.1 af]nkq sfuhftsf] x]8jS;{ Knfg P08 nlËRo'l8gn ;]S;g / cf]kg s6 PShfe];g ;fpy{g
kf]6{ndf clGtd PShfe];g Knfg lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] tof/ ug'{kg]{ / vGg] qmddf cfOkg]{ ;a}
k|sf/sf] ckjfbx?sf] vGg] -PShfe];g_ cjlwdf ;Daf]wg ug]{ pNn]v 5 . ;f] ljifonfO{
:jLsf/ u/L lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] tof/ u/]sf] cf]kg s6 PShfe];gsf] 8«Oª OlGhlgo/af6
:jLs[lt u/L sfd ePsf] b]lvG5 . k/fdz{bftfn] 8«Oª l8hfOg lgdf0f{ Joj;foLn] g} agfpg]
/ ;f]xLcg';f/ l8hfOg eO{ sfd ePsf]n] l9nf] 8«Oª l8hfOg pknAw u/fPsf] sf/0f b]vfO{
dfu u/]sf] bfaLnfO{ l;4fGttM c:jLsf/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm Joxf]/fdf ;ldltn] ;d]t
;xdlt lbPsf] b]lvG5 . t/ sfddf k|ToIf ;+nUg kbflwsf/Lsf] c;xdlt / ;Demf}tf
adf]lhd clGtd gS;f tof/ ug]{ lhDd]jf/L lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] x'g] Joj:yf /x] tfklg ;f]nfO{
OGsf/ ub}{ yk bfaL e'QmfgL lbPsf] ;Demf}tf k|lts"n b]lvPsf] 5 .
104.2 lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ x]8jS;{ / 6g]nsf] s'n 7]Ssf /sd ?=& ca{ #%
nfvdWo] x]8jS;{ sDkf]g]G6sf] c+z ?=^@ s/f]8 *& nfv cyf{t\ *=!$ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
Pp6} vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] ;fgf] c+zsf] sfo{dfq /f]lsPsf] / s'n 7]Ssfsf] (!=*^ k|ltzt
c+zsf] sfd ;~rfng e}/x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;fgf] c+zsf] sfddf /f]sfj6 eO{ 7"nf] c+zsf] sfo{
;~rfng e}/xFbf lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] ;|f]t ;fwg lgliqmo x'g] cj:yf /xFb}g . To;}n]
x]8j{S;df k|of]u x'g] hgzlQm oGq pks/0f klg oxL 7]Ssf cGtu{tsf] sfddf k|of]u ug{
;lsg] b]lvG5 . hgzlQm Pj+ oGq pks/0fsf] k|of]u x'g g;Sg' lgdf0f{ Joj;foLsf] cfGtl/s
Joj:yfkgsf] g} sdhf]/L b]lvG5 . t;y{ lgdf0f{ Joj;foLsf] sdhf]/Lsf] sf/0f l;h{gf ePsf]
bfloTj ;ldltn] Joxf]g{ ldNg] b]lvFb}g .
104.3 bfaL /sd lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ePsf] Ifltsf] k"lt{dfq xf] . o;df gfkmf lbg ldNb}g . sfd
;DkGg u/] kZrft\ lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] gfkmf k|fKt ub{5g\ . lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] s'n sfo{df
?=@ ca{ ^$ s/f]8 !^ nfvsf] sfo{ ;DkGg u/]sf]df vl/b ;Demf}tf cg'?k ?=% ca{ *
s/f]8sf] yk sfo{ ug{ afFsL b]lvG5 . sfo{ ;DkGg kl/df0fsf] cfwf/df gfkmf cfh{g x'g]
cj:yf :jtM l;h{gf x'g] x'Fbf ?=%) s/f]8 (& nfvsf] % k|ltztn] e'QmfgL ePsf] bfaLsf]
gfkmf ?=@ s/f]8 %% nfv e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 .
104.4 ;]K6]Da/ @)!$ b]lv ;]K6]Da/ @)!% ;Dd cj/f]w nfut bfaL u/]sf]df ljjfb ;dfwfg
af]8{sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ !$ dfr{ @)!% b]lv af]8{n] lg0f{o u/]sf] ldlt;Ddsf] nflu ?=%) s/f]8
(& nfvsf] * k|ltztn] x'g] Aofh ?=% s/f]8 !) nfv bfaL e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . lgdf{0f
Joj;foLn] ;]K6]Da/ @)!% df dfq bfaL k]; u/]sf] 5 . bfaL k]; u/]sf] ldlt kZrft\sf] dfq
Aofh u0fgf ug'{kg]{df ;f]eGbf ^ dlxgf klxn]b]lvsf] Aofh u0fgf u/L e'QmfgL lbPaf6 ?=@
s/f]8 %% nfv a9L Aofh e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 .
104.5 ljjfb ;dfwfg af]8{sf] lg0f{odf ;ldltn] bfaL :jLs[t /sdsf] k|s[ltcg';f/ u0fgf u/L
:jb]zL d'b|f / ljb]zL d'b|fsf] cg'kft lgwf{/0f u/L e'QmfgL ug]{ pNn]v 5 . h;cg';f/
Ifltsf] /sddWo] :jb]zL d'b|fdf ePsf] Iflt :jb]zL d'b|fdf / ljb]zL d'b|fdf ePsf] Iflt
ljb]zL d'b|fdf lx;fa ug'{kg]{df ;f] cg';f/ gu/L ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ePsf] ljb]zL d'b|fsf]
cg'kftsf] cfwf/df ?=& s/f]8 @# nfv / o'/f] ^ nfv @) xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . Ifltsf]
cfO6dx? cWoog ubf{ clwsf+z :jb]zL d'b|f;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ . t/ ;Demf}tfcg';f/sf]
cg'kftdf ljb]zL d'b|f a9L e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 .
lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ lbPsf] bfaLsf] k|fljlws k'i6\ofO{ ug]{ cfwf/ gb]lvPsf]n] pQm
/sd lkmtf{ ug'{kb{5 . o; ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L ;DalGwtnfO{ lhDd]jf/ ;d]t agfpg'kb{5 .
105. a9L e'QmfgL – vl/b ;Demf}tfcg';f/ sfo{;Dkfbgsf] cfwf/df e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{df lgDgfg';f/
a9L e'QmfgL ePsf] 5M
105.1 k'iknfn -dWokxf8L_ nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgfdf klZrd v08sf @ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf jf:tljs
sfo{;DkfbgeGbf a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf] ?=!& nfv Pj+ csf]{ Ps ;Demf}tfdf e]l/P;g ePsf]
/sdeGbf a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf] ?=&^ nfv, cfof]hgf lgb]{zgfno -P8LaL_ cGtu{tsf] n]u'jf
ef]hk'/ ;8s lgdf{0fdf df6f] vGg] / s8f r§fgsf] sfo{df ;Demf}tfcg';f/ lbg'kg]{eGbf a9L
kl/df0fsf] ?=#& nfv, /]n ljefun] Uoflaog jfo/df a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf] ?=!& nfv,
j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|n] !@ gu/kflnsf / !( :yfgLo lgsfodf ;8s zf}o{ pmhf{ tyf
;8s aQL h8fg ;DaGwL sfo{df ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ ;Demf}tfeGbf a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf] ?=*#
nfv, hn]Zj/ eG;f/ sfof{non] w/f}6L lxgfldgf u/]sf] ?=!$ nfv ;d]t ?=@ s/f]8 $$
nfv c;'n ug'{kb{5 . o;/L lgodljk/Lt /sd e'QmfgL ug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/
agfOg'kb{5 .
105.2 sfof{non] ;Demf}tfsf zt{adf]lhd lan /sd e'QmfgL ug'{kb{5 . vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{
dGqfno, vfg]kfgL tyf 9n lgsf; ljefu, d]nDrL vfg]kfgL ljsf; ;ldlt, cfof]hgf
sfof{Gjog lgb]{zgfno, bf];f| ]÷t];f| ] ;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cfof]hgf , vfg]kfgL
tyf ;/;kmfO l8lehg tyf ;jl8lehg nlntk'/, ;'g;/L tgx' sf7df8f}nufot @(
sfof{non] lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ;Demf}tfeGbf a9L d"Noj[l4 lbPsf], nfut ;fem]bf/Lcg';f/
pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] Joxf]g'{kg]{ /sd sfof{non] Joxf]/]sf], gD;{eGbf a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf], bf]xf]/f]
e'QmfgL nufotsf sf/0fx?af6 ?=@ s/f]8 %@ nfv gkfpg] /sd e'QmfgL u/]sf] b]lvPsf]
5 . lgodljk/Lt e'QmfgL ePsf] /sd c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
105.3 lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, sf:sLn] ejg lgdf{0f sfo{sf Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu saf]n cs /
k|To]s OsfO+ b//]6df !@ k|ltzt 36Ldf sfd ug+ dGh'/ u/]sf] cfwf/df ?=# s/f]8 $^
nfv 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . sfof{non] lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ plNnlvt saf]n b/df
;ftf}+ /lgF lan;Dd 5'6 gs6fO{ e'QmfgL u/]sf]n] a9L e'QmfgL ePsf] ?=## nfv c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .
105.4 tna, eQf, /f;gdf d:of}6 u/L lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no, x'Dnfn] ?=#! nfv, ;z:q k|x/L an
c:ktfnn] ?=!% nfv, ;z:q k|x/L an, ;Ldf ;'/Iff sfof{no, emfkfn] ?=& nfv, ;z:q
k|x/L an lgnjf/fxL u0f, anDj'n] ?=$ nfv, Gofokl/ifb\n] ?=!^ nfv, lhNnf :jf:Yo
sfof{no dxf]Q/Ln] ?=% nfv ;d]t ?=&* nfv a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf] Joxf]/f n]vfk/LIf0f
k|ltj]bgdf cf+}NofPkl5 ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf ePsf] 5 . cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf
@^-@_ adf]lhd cfjZos sf/afxLsf] nflu ;f] Joxf]/f n]vfpQ/bfoL clws[tnfO{ ;d]t
hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 5 . pQm sfo{df ;+nUg lhDd]jf/ sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL u/L
cufl8sf jif{x?df pgLx?af6 ePsf sf/f]af/df ;d]t 5fglag u/L eljiodf o;k|sf/sf]
vr{ ug]{ k|lqmofdf k"0f{tM lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 . o;}u/L k|aGw tyf ;Def//yL ljefun]
:k]l;lkms]zgcg';f/sf] sk8f cfk"lt{ gu/]sf] n]vfk/LIfsn] cf}+NofP kZrft\\ ?=!^ nfv c;'n
u/L bflvnf u/]sf] 5 . :k]l;lkms]zgcg';f/ ;fdfg cfk"lt{ gx'Fb} e'QmfgL ug]{nfO{ o:tf]
sfo{pk/ lhDd]jf/ agfOg'kb{5 .
106. a9L bfloTj – gnl;ªuf8 hnljB't cfof]hgfn]] jftfj/0fLo cWoog tyf ;DefJotf cWoog
;DjlGw sfo{ ug{ ;fj{hlgs v/Lb lgodfjnL @)^$ sf] lgod *!-!_ cg';f/ nfut tyf
u'0f:t/ ljlwjf6 v/Lb ug]{ u/L k|fljlws tyf ljlQo k|:tfj cfXjfg u/]s]f lyof] . pQm
sfo{sf] nflu 36L saf]n ug]{ k/fdz{bftfsf] k|fljlws d"NofÍgsf] k|fKtfÍ ^^=%)! / a9L
saf]n ug]{sf] k|fKtfÍ &)=#!@ /x]sf] Joxf]/f cfly{s tyf k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍg
k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 . t/ cfly{s / k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] ;+o'Qm d"NofÍg ubf{ s'n k|fKtfÍ
*!=%)! k|fKt ug]{ Ps k/fdz{bftfsf] saf]n cÍ ?=*$ s/f]8 *( nfv / s'n k|fKtfÍ
*!=(($ eO{ a9L saf]n ug]{ csf]{ k/fdz{bftfsf] saf]n cÍ ?=! ca{ ( s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 .
;+o'Qm d"NofÍgdf ;fdfGo a9L cÍ k|fKt u/]sf] cfwf/df a9L saf]njfnfsf] cfly{s k|:tfj
:jLs[t x'Fbf ?=@$ s/f]8 !! nfv a9L bfloTj k/]s]f 5 . k|fljlws d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/
n]vfk/LIf0fsf] nflu k|fKt ePg .
107. a9L lgsf;f – lzIff lgodfjnL, @)%( sf] lgod !&( adf]lhd s'g} sfdsf] nflu
cfjZoseGbf a9L /sd dfu ug]{ / lgsf;f lbg] kbflwsf/LnfO{ sfg'gadf]lhd sf/afxL u/L
lgsf;f jf vr{ ePsf] /sd ;DalGwt kbflwsf/Laf6 c;'npk/ ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . $% lhNnf

lzIff sfof{non] of] jif{ tna eQf kfpg]eGbf ?=% s/f]8 #! nfv a9L, lhNnf lzIff sfof{no
!@ n] cjsfz eO;s]sf lzIfssf] tna eQfafkt ?=@* nfv, lhNnf lzIff sfof{no & n]
ljBfnon] dfu u/]eGbf a9L ?=( nfv, lhNnf lzIff sfof{no & n] gkfpg] 5fqj[lQ ?=#(
nfv / lhNnf lzIff sfof{no !@ n] lgMz'Ns kf7\ok':tssf] lgwf{l/t d"No;"rLeGbf a9L ?=!
s/f]8 &* nfv lbPsf] ;d]t a9L lgsf;f ?=& s/f]8 *% nfv c;'n u/L ;DalGwt
kbflwsf/Lpk/ cfjZos sf/afxL ul/g'kb{5 .
108. lan e/kfO{a]u/ vr{ – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #^ adf]lhd ;/sf/L
/sd vr{ ubf{ vr{sf] lan e/kfO{;lxt n]vf /fVg'kg]{df b]xfoadf]lhd * dGqfnocGtu{tsf
!!* lgsfon] ?=#! s/f]8 *& nfv lan e/kfO{a]u/ vr{ n]v]sf] b]lvG5 .
7. jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno 13 18
8. hg;+ª\Vof tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno 1 10
hDdf 118 3187
o; ;DaGwL d'Vo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M

108.1 ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfnocGtu{t gf/fo0f3f6–d'ulnª ;8s of]hgf / ;8s
If]q ;'wf/ of]hgfn] k|f]lehgn ;d cfO6dsf] lan e/kfO{ g/fvL ?=% s/f]8 !( nfv e'QmfgL
lbPsf] 5 .
108.2 :yfgLo lgsfo cfly{s k|zf;g lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod $^-#_ df vr{ ubf{ vr{sf] lan
e/kfO{ ;lxtsf] n]vf /fVg'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, bfª, c5fd,
d'u' nufot $( n] of] jif{ ljleGg zLif{saf6 ljleGg sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ JolQm, kmd{ /
lgsfox?nfO{ vr{sf] lan e/kfO{ g/fvL ?=!( s/f]8 # nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs
n]vf ;ldltn] @)^(.!.!) df o:tf] vr{sf] ;DaGwdf c;'npk/ ug]{ tyf ljefuLo sf/jfxL
ug{ lgb]{zg lbPsf] Joxf]/f ut jif{sf] k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z u/]sf]df of] jif{ klg l:yltdf
;'wf/ ePsf] 5}g .
pQm vr{sf ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L lan e/kfO{a]u/ vr{ n]Vg]nfO{ lhDd]jf/
agfpg'kb{5 .
109. hf]8hDdf km/s kf/]sf] – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #^ adf]lhd ;/sf/L
/sd vr{;DaGwL sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L vr{ ug'{kg]{df b]xfoadf]lhd # dGqfno cGtu{t !%
lgsfon] hf]8hDdf km/s kf/L ?=@ s/f]8 !( nfv vr{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . hf]8hDdf km/s kf/L
vr{ u/]sf] /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .

dGqfno÷lgsfo cGtu{t OsfO{ /sd -?=nfvdf_
ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfno 7 114
vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ dGqfno 6 101
zx/L ljsf; dGqfno 2 4
hDdf 15 219
110. /f;folgs dn – s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL lnld6]8nfO{ vl/b kl/df0fsf] cfwf/df g]kfn
;/sf/af6 cg'bfgsf] nflu /sd k|fKt x'g] u/]sf] 5 . @)&@.&# df vl/b ePsf] o'l/of !
nfv !! xhf/ *(( d]=6g, 8L=P=kL= ^# xhf/ @*& tyf kf]6f; $ xhf/ (*& d]=6gsf]
nflu cg'bfg ?=## s/f]8 (& nfv k|fKt ePsf] 5 . ;f] kl/df0fsf] x'g] cg'bfg ?=! ca{ %&
s/f]8 @ nfv lbPsf] 5 . vl/b ;Demf}tfeGbf o'l/of # xhf/ &*# / 8L=P=kL= #$^ d]=6g
36L k|fKt ?=( s/f]8 ^^ nfv g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ yk Jooef/ kg{ uPsf] kfOof] .
111. hl/afgf – k|aGw tyf ;Def//yL ljefun] Ps sDkgL;Fu ^ xhf/ yfg ;'/Iff ;fdu|L
vl/bsf] nflu ^ dfr{ @))^ df cd]l/sL 8n/ @ nfv #& xhf/ -g]=?=@ s/f]8 &^ nfv %#
xhf/_ df ;Demf}tf ePsf] b]lvG5 . cfk"lt{stf{n] !*) lbgleq ;fdfg cfk"lt{ u/L ;Sg'kg]{
pNn]v 5 . ;f]cg';f/ 6L=6L=dfkm{t cfk"lt{stf{sf] vftfdf cd]l/sL 8n/ @ nfv #& xhf/
k7fPsf] 5 . zflGt ;Demf}tf @)^@.^# df ePsf]df ;f] ;fdu|L Nofpg]tkm{ @)^( kmfu'g
d;fGt;Dd sf/afxL ePsf] 5}g . sDkgLn] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ tftf]kfgL eG;f/ sfof{nodf
;fdfg NofPsf] / ;fdfg a'emL glnPsf] sf/0fn] l8df]/]h rfh{, lgof{t Ohfhtkq gjLs/0f
/ kl/jxgafkt yk vr{ nfu]sf] egL cd]l/sL 8n/ @ nfv #) xhf/ bfaL u/]sf]df pQm
;fdfg @)^# df eG;f/df k|fKt x'g cfPsf] k|df0f ;+nUg u/]sf] 5}g . eG;f/
k|1fkgkqcg';f/ @)&#.#.# df eG;f/ 5'6fPsf] / @)&#.#.!^ df sfof{non] bflvnf u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lg0f{on] @)^# kf}ifb]lv s} xhf{gf lbg] lg0f{o ubf{ ?=@ s/f]8 $* nfv a9L
ef/ k/]sf] 5 .
112. k|f]T;fxg eQf – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$sf] lgod !@# df yk ;'ljwf j[l4 u/L
cfly{s bfloTj kg]{ lg0f{o ubf{ cy{ dGqfnosf] k"j{;xdlt lng'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . Joj:yflksf
;+;b ;lrjfno ;DaGwL P]g, @)^% df /x]sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf cfwfl/t k|f]T;fxg /sd
pknAw u/fpg ;Sg] Joj:yfsf] cfwf/df ;lrjfno ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf]
@)&@.^.^sf] lg0f{oadf]lhd z'? tna:s]nsf] *) k|ltztn] x'g] k|f]T;fxg eQf ?=^ s/f]8 ^$
nfv / ;fj{hlgs labfsf] lbgsf] ?=&%).– / cGo lbgsf] ?=^)).– sf b/n] cltl/Qm ;do
sfd u/]sf] lbgsf] vfgf÷vfhf vr{ ?=% s/f]8 @* nfv ;d]t sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg
;"rsa]u/ ?=!! s/f]8 (@ nfv e'QmfgL lbPsf]df cy{ dGqfnosf] k"j{ ;xdlt lnPsf]
b]lvPg . dlGqkl/ifb\af6 sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;"rs :jLs[t u/fP/dfq o; lsl;dsf] eQf vr{
ug'{kb{5 .
113. ljljw vr+ Y dlGqkl/ifb\\af6 ePsf] lg0f+odf Ps k6ssf] vr+sf] ;Ldf k|d'v lhNnf
clwsf/Lb]lv u=xdGqL;Dd ?-% ;ob]lv %) xhf/;Dd tf]s] klg cjlw ls6fg u/]sf] 5}g .
/fli6«o cg';Gwfg ljefu / cGtu+tsf lgsfon] ljz]if ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)^$ cg';f/ vr+
u/]sf] pNn]v u/] tfklg lgodfjnLn] vr+ ug]+ ;Ldf lgwf+/0f gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf ljutdf
cf}_NofOPsf]df l:ylt oyfjt\ 5 . of] jif+ zflGt ;'/Iff;DaGwL uf]Ko sfddf ljljw vr+
zLif+saf6 u=xdGqLaf6 ?-%( nfv, u=x;lrjaf6 ?-@$ nfv, k|x/L dxflg/LIfsaf6 ?-* nfv

/ /fli6\o cg';Gwfg ljefusf d'Vo cg';Gwfg lgb]+zsaf6 ?-! s/f]8 #& nfv ;d]t ?-@
s/f]8 @* nfv vr+ ePsf] b]lvG5 .
ut jif+sf] t'ngfdf of] jif+ u=xdGqLn] @* k|ltzt, k|x/L dxflg/LIfssn] ## k|ltzt
/ d'Vo cg';Gwfg lgb]+zsn] ^ k|ltzt a9L vr+ u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o:tf] vr+ ug]+ k|j=lQdf
lgoGq0f ul/g' h?/L x'G5 .
114. kfl/jfl/s eQf – g]kfn ;/sf/ -dlGqkl/ifb\_ sf] @)&!.!@.@( sf] lg0f{oaf6 ljb]zl:yt
g]kfnL lgof]ux?df vl6O{ hfg] lgof]u k|d'v nufot cGo s"6gLlts sd{rf/Lsf ;fydf
g/x]sf cfl>t kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ kfl/jfl/s eQf, z}lIfs eQf, aLdf vr{ / cf}ifwf]krf/
vr{ pknAw gu/fpg] Joj:yf ePsf] 5 . ;fy} kl/jf/ ;fydf gePsf] cj:yfdf eQf
pknAw gu/fpg] egL ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] @)&# j}zfv @# ut] lgb]{zg u/]sf] 5 . of]
jif{ @# lgof]un] !!( sd{rf/Lsf] kl/jf/ ;fydf /x]sf] k'i6\of_O{a]u/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] ?=% s/f]8
$& nfv ;DalGwt kbflwsf/Laf6 c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
115. p2]Zoljk/Ltsf] vr{ – j}b]lzs /f]huf/ lgodfjnL, @)^$sf] lgod @^-!_ df j}b]lzs
/f]huf/df hfg] sfdbf/x?af6 k|ltJolQm ?=! xhf/sf b/n] /sd lnO{ j}b]lzs /f]huf/
sNof0fsf/L sf]ifdf hDdf ug]{ / ;f] /sd sfdbf/sf] ;xof]udf vr{ ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf 5 .
of] jif{ sf]ifsf] cfDbfgL ?=$ ca{ % s/f]8dWo] ?=#$ s/f]8 vr{ eO{ ?=# ca{ &! s/f]8
df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 . sf]ifaf6 s/f/sf sd{rf/Lsf] tnadf ?=@@ nfv, g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf;
sf]l/ofsf] uf8L vl/bdf ?=#& nfv, ljb]]z e|d0fdf ?=! nfv / /fHodGqLsf] ljb]zdf xf]6n
vr{afkt ?=% nfv ;d]t ?=^^ nfv vr{ u/]sf] 5 . p2]Zo / sfo{If]q ljk/Lt vr{ ug]{
sfo{df lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
 ;/sf/L ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f Pj+ pkof]u

116. ;DklQ Joj:yfkg Y cfly+s sfo+ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ adf]lhd 3/hUuf, lhG;L, gub
nufotsf rn crn ;DklQsf] nut, a/a'emf/y, ;'/If0f tyf pkof]u ug'+kg]+ Joj:yf 5 .
o; ;DaGwdf lgDgfg';f/ b]lvPsf 5g\M
116.1 dxfgu/Lo k|x/L j[Q, :joDe"af6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ sfof+non] rr]+sf] $ /f]kgL ( cfgf
hUuf ;Dosu''7Lsf] gfddf /x]sf] / dxfgu/Lo k|x/L j=t, hg;]jf, sf7df8f}+_sf] !^ cfGff
hUuf Ps sDkgL lnld6]8sf] gfddf /x]sf] 5 . sfof+non] rr]+sf] hUuf xfn;Dd u''7L tyf
sDkgLs} gfp_df :jfldTj /x]sf]df hUufsf] :jfldTj sfof+nosf] gfddf NofPsf] 5}g .
116.2 u[x dGqfno lje"if0f tyf a}7s ;df/f]x k|jGw zfvfn] #^ xhf/ ^*) yfg dx]Gb|dfnf,
g]kfn k|tfk ef:s/ nufot kbs tyf lje"if0f ;]kmaS;sf] cefjdf ;'/lIft ?kdf e08f/
u/]sf] b]lvPg .
116.3 g]kfn 6«i6sf] sfof{nosf] gfddf d'2tL vftfdf ?=#& s/f]8 *) nfv, rNtL tyf art
vftfdf ?=! s/f]8 &# nfv, kfp08 $* xhf/, cd]l/sL 8n/ ! nfv #& xhf/, # ;+:yfsf]
a}Í z]o/ @ nfv #) xhf/ !)@ ljleGg lsQf / !@ lhNnfdf @! xhf/ %^@ /f]kgL hUuf
/x]sf] kfOof] . sf7df8f}+sf] # / dsjfgk'/sf] ! :yfgsf hUuf lnhdf lbg] k|lqmof cl3
a9fPsf] eP tfklg cGo hUuf tyf ;DklQsf] pkof]u ;DaGwdf k|lqmof cl3 a9fPsf] 5}g .
6«i6sf] gfddf blIf0fsfnL gu/kflnsf, kmlk{Ëdf /x]sf] ^* /f]kgL !@ cfgf hUuf / ;f]df
lgld{t ejg ljut jif{b]lv g} Ps lghL cfjf;Lo ljBfnon] 6«i6;Fu ;Demf}tf gu/L k|of]u
ub}{ cfPsf] kfOof] . pQm ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f / plrt Joj:yfkg ug'{kb{5 .
116.4 /]n ljefusf] ejg lgdf{0fsf] lan ckm SjflG66Ldf #) dlxgfsf] nflu ;jf/L;fwg pknAw
u/fpg'kg]{ / ;f] cjlwkl5 pQm ;jf/L ;fwg ljefusf] gfddf gfd;f/L ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf /fvL
lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ?=! s/f]8 !% nfv e'QmfgL ePsf]n] pQm ;jf/L;fwg ljefusf]
:jfldTjdf Nofpg'kb{5 .
116.5 u|fdL0f k'gMlgdf{0f tyf k'gM:yfkgf cfof]hgfdf ?=( nfv Nofk6k a/a'emf/y gePsf], ?=%
nfvsf # df]6/;fOsn dGqfnon] k|of]u u/]sf] / ?=$ nfvsf] df]6/;fOsn, k|f]h]S6/,
Nofk6k nufotsf ;fdfg x/fPsf] l:ylt 5 . :yfgLo zf;g tyf ;fd'bflos ljsf;
sfo{qmdaf6 sd{rf/Ln] a'lemlnPsf] ?=$ nfvsf df]6/;fOsn, Nofk6k nufotsf ;fdfg
a/a'emf/y gu/L /dfgf lbPsf], blnt cfof]u jfbL ;d'bfo pTyfg ljsf; ;ldltsf
lgjt{dfg cWoIf Pj+ sfo{sf/L lgb]{zsn] ?=@ nfvsf] Nofk6k nufotsf ;fdfg a/a'emf/y
gu/]sf], lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no nlntk'/n] d"No k/Ldf0f ;"rLdf ;dfj]z u/]sf] ?=!&
nfvsf ^ yfg df]6/;fOsn lhG;L bflvnf gu/]sf], /fli6«o u|fdL0f oftfoft ;'b[9Ls/0f
sfo{qmdcGtu{t cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gaf6 k|fKt hLk–^, lksck–#(, df]6/;fOsn–!%#
x:tfGt/0f tyf lhG;L bflvnf gu/]sf] Pj+ s'6g}lts gDa/ Kn]6d} k|of]u ul//x]sf] kfOof] .
o;/L ;/sf/L ;DklQsf] b'?kof]u x'g uPsf] x'Fbf lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/LnfO{ g} ;f] ;fdfgx?sf]
;+/If0f ug]{ Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .
116.6 /fli6«o hg:jf:Yo k|of]uzfnfn] ?=# s/f]8 #) nfvsf] k|of]uzfnf;Fu ;DalGwt ;fdu|L vl/b
u/L df}Hbft /fv]sf] b]lvof] .
116.7 Jofj;flos s[lif tyf Jofkf/ cfof]hgfn] of] jif{ e]6]l/g/L u'0f:t/ tyf cf}iflw Joj:yf
sfof{nosf] nflu !^ k|sf/sf @( d]l;g/L cf}hf/ vl/b u/L ?=! s/f]8 &( nfv tyf vfB
k|ljlw tyf u'0f lgoGq0f ljefusf] nflu % d]lzg vl/b jfkt ?=$ s/f]8 &$ nfv ;d]t
?=^ s/f]8 %# nfv vr{ n]v]sf]df :ynut cjnf]sg ubf{ Koflsug} gvf]nL k|of]uljxLg
cj:yfdf /fv]sf] kfOof] . cfof]hgfn] e'sDkn] sfof{no ejg k|of]udf Nofpg] cj:yf
gePsf]n] lgdf{0ffwLg ejg ;DkGg ePkl5 tL d]l;g h8fg u/L k|of]udf Nofpg] Joxf]/f
hgfPsf] 5 . k"jf{wf/sf] ljrf/ u/]/ dfq vl/b ug'{kb{5 .
116.8 lqe'jg ljZjljBfnocGtu{t !@& lgsfo dWo] ( SofDk;sf] #%% laufxf !& s7\7f / @$
SofDk;/lgsfosf] & xhf/ *& /f]kgL !$ cfgf hUuf /x]sf] ljj/0f k|fKt ePsf] 5 . dx]Gb|
ax'd'vL SofDk;, bfËsf] s/La () laufxf / wgs'6f ax'd'vL SofDk;sf] emfkfdf /x]sf]
hUuf cltqmd0fdf k/]sf], lzIf0f c:ktfn dxf/fhuGhsf] sl/a !*& /f]kgL hUufsf]
nfnk'hf{ k|fKt gePsf], a'6jn ax'd'vL SofDk;sf] !) laufxf !! s7\7f btf{ x'g afFsL /x]sf]
5.
116.9 g]kfn ;+:s[t ljZjljBfnosf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] b]pv'/Ll:yt !##^ laufxf hUufaf6 ut
ljut jif{df h:t} o; jif{ klg s'g} cfo cfh{g ug{ ;s]sf] b]lvPg . o; ;DjGwdf 5nkmn

ubf{ s/Lj %)) laufxfdf df]xL /x]sf] / cGo hUuf ;d]t @)%* ;fnb]lv ljleGg
JolQmx?af6 cltqmd0f eO{ hUufsf] pkof]u ug{ g;lsPsf] hjfkm k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
117. ;|f]t ;fwgsf] pTvgg Y :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g / lgodfjnLdf ePsf] Joj:yf cg';/0f
u/L k|fs=lts ;|f]t pTvgg ubf+ kg]+ c;/nfO+ Go"gLs/0f ug+ ;DalGwt lhNnf ljsf;
;ldltn] Wofg lbP glbPsf] ;DaGwdf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt nlntk'/, wflbF, lrtjg /
dsjfgk'/sf] jftfj/0fLo n]vfk/LIf0f ubf+ b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
117.1 k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fadf]lhd jftfj/0fd}qL ?kdf ;Íng sfo{ u/fpg lhNnf
ljsf; ;ldltn] k|To]s jif{ aiff{ofd ;lsPkl5 cfkm\gf] If]qsf gbLgfnfdf y'lk|Psf 9'uf lu6L
afn'jfsf] kl/df0f gfkhf_r u/L clen]v /fVg'kb{5 . k|fKt ljj/0fadf]lhd @)&@.&# df
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt wflbun]] ;a} gbLgfnfaf6 ;dfg kl/df0f lgsfNg] u/L ( gbLgfnfaf6 ^
nfv & xhf/ 3gld6/ / lrtjgn] % gbLgfnfaf6 ! nfv &! xhf/ 3gld6/ 9'uf lu§L
afn'jf ;Íng ug{;Sg] u/L kl/df0f lgwf{/0f u/]sf] kfOof] . dsjfgk'/n] o; k|sf/sf]
gfkhf_r gePsf] Joxf]/f hgfPsf] 5 . 9'uf lu§L afn'jf ;Íngaf6 of] jif{ k|fKt cfosf]
cfwf/df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt wflbun] ! nfv @! xhf/ 3gld6/ a9L kl/df0f ;Íng u/L
?=# s/f]8 ! nfv / wflbªn] @( xhf/ ^*^ 3g ld6/ a9L ;Íng ug{ u/L ?=#! nfv %#
xhf/ cfo k|fKt u/]sf] b]lvG5 . lgwf{l/teGbf a9L kl/df0f ;Íng u/]sf] cj:yf gbLsf]
axfjdf kl/jt{g cfpg], gbL lsgf/f s6fg, k'n k'n];fdf c;/ kg]{ nufotsf jftfj/0fLo
c;/ kg]{ l:ylt /x]sfn] lgwf{l/t kl/df0feGbf a9L ;Íng ug{ gx'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
117.2 jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g Pj+ lgodfjnLadf]lhd gbLgfnfaf6 lutL 9'uf afn'jf ;Íng ubf{ /
k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yfadf]lhd lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt dsjfgk'/n]
k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f gu/fO{ @)&@.&# df nf]y/ vf]nfaf6 lutL 9'uf afn'jf
;Íngdfkm{t ?=! s/f]8 !( nfv cfo cfh{g u/]sf] jftfj/0f sfg'gljk/Lt b]lvG5 .
117.3 k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f / ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP cg';f/sf cf}hf/ / pks/0f k|of]u
u/L gbLhGo kbfy{ ;Íng ug'{kg]{df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, wflbªn] @)&@.&# df cg'dlt
k|bfg ePsf] ( dWo] @ vf]nfdf 2/2 / dsjfgk'/n] * dWo] % vf]nfdf 1/1 PS;fe]6/ k|of]u
ug]{ u/L ;Demf}tf ePsf] Pj+ lrtjgn] % gbLgfnaf6 ;Íng ub}{ cfPsf]df PS;fe]6/ k|of]u
ug{ ;Sg] u/L ;Demf}tf gu/]sf] t/ cg'udg ;ldltsf] lg0f{ocg';f/ # gbLgfnfdf %
PS;fe]6/ k|of]u ug]{ cg'dlt k|bfg ePsf] hgfPsf] 5 . wflbun] PS;fe]6/ k|:tfj u/]sf]
afx]ssf s]xL vf]nfx?df u}/sfg'gL ?kdf k|of]u x'g] u/]sf] tyo ;d]t pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt afx]s o:tf pks/0fx?sf] cj}w k|of]un] gbL
lsgf/f / gbLleq} ulx/f] vfN6f] kf/L pTvgg ug]{ u/]sf] sf/0f To; If]qsf] ef}lts / h}ljs
jftfj/0fdf c;/ k/]sf] cj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . jftfj/0fdf c;/ kg]{ u/L j}w jf cj}w
?kdf k|of]u eO{ /x]sf o:tf pks/0fsf] k|of]udf lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
117.4 Gf]kfn ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\\sf] @)&).%.!& sf] a}7sn] qm;/ pBf]un] wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts /
k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf :yfg, /fhdfu{, vf]nf lsgf/, lzIf0f ;+:yf, :jf:Yo ;+:yf, ;'/Iff lgsfo,
jg, lgs'~h / cf/If Pj+ 3gf j:tLaf6 tf]lsPsf] b"/L sfod ug]{ u/L lgwf{/0f ePsf]df
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, wflbªn] lhNnfdf %) qm;/ pBf]u :yfkgf ePsf] dWo] xfn ##
;~rfngdf /x]sf] / ## dWo] @^ dfkb08cg';f/ g/x]sf], lrtjgn] xfn ;~rfngdf /x]sf] @
n] dfkb08 k"/f gu/]sf] / dsjfgk'/n] lhNnfdf sl/a $@ qm;/ pBf]u :yfkgf ePsf]df
xfn ;~rfngdf /x]sf] !) n] s'g} dfkb08 k"/f gu/]sf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fPsf 5g\ .
nlntk'/n] cfkm\gf] sfo{If]q qm;/ pBf]u gePsf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 . o;/L tf]lsPsf]
dfkb08 k"/f gu/L ;~rfngdf /x]sf qm;/ pBf]usf] sf/0f cj}w pTvgg / 3gfj:tL ePsf]
If]qdf Wjlg, w"nf] nufotsf sf/0f ljleGg jftfj/0fLo c;/ k/]sf] b]lvG5 . dfkb08
ljk/Lt ;~rflnt qm;/ pBf]unfO{ dfkb08cg';f/ ;~rfng u/fpg'kb{5 .
118. afn'jf pTvgg – :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% adf]lhd lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] cfˆgf]
If]qflwsf/ leqsf] afn'jf, lu§L, 9'Ëf, df6f] nufotsf k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgsf] Joj:yfkg Pj+
pkof]u u/L /fh:j ;Íng ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yfcg';f/ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no,
eQmk'/n] ^ :yfgdf 7]Ssf Joj:yfkg u/L ljut $ jif{df ?=% s/f]8 #@ nfv c;'n
u/]sf]df of] jif{ 7]Ssf nfUg g;s]sf sf/0f c;'nL ePsf] 5}g . k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ ljut $
jif{df k|fKt /fh:jsf] cfwf/df k|ltjif{ cf};tdf ^) nfv #* xhf/ 3glkm6 afn'jf / 9'Ëf,
!^ nfv (* xhf/ 3glkm6 kfËf] df6f] pTvgg ePsf] b]lvP tfklg ;f]sf] k'i6\ofO{ tyf
kl/df0f lgoGq0f ug]{ clen]v /fv]sf] 5}g .
To:t} cj}w vfgL pTvggsf] cg'udg u/L To:tf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t hkmt Pj+ lnnfd
u/L /fh:j bflvnf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf cg';f/ @)&#.!.& df u/]sf] cg'udgaf6 * xhf/ %!!
3gld6/ afn'jf hkmt u/]sf]df ;f]sf] lnnfd gu/]sf]n] ?=@ s/f]8 #! nfv k|fKt x'g ;s]sf]
5}g . ctM :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf lgodfjnLadf]lhd k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgsf]
clwstd pkof]u u/L kl/ifb\sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ cfo ;Íng ug]{, rf]/L lgsf;L lgoGq0f ug]{
nufotsf sfo{ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
119. Joj;foLnfO{ ;'ljwf – Ps s]a'nsf/ ;~rfng ug]{ Joj;foLnfO{ ;/sf/sf] tk{maf6 k|fs[lts
;|f]t ;fwgsf] pkof]u Pj+ /fh:j 5'6 ;'ljwf k|bfg u/]sf] kfOof] . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf
Joxf]/f lgDg 5g\M
119.1 rGb|flul/ 8fF8fsf] #^ x]S6/ jg If]qdf s]j'nsf/ lgdf{0f ug{ k|lt x]S6/ ?=% xhf/sf b/n]
k|ltjif{ ?=! nfv *) xhf/ b:t'/ k|fKt ug]{ u/L Ps Joj;foLnfO{ lnhdf lbPsf] kfOof] . ;f]
cg';f/ pQm hUufsf] b:t'/ k|lt jif{ k|lt /f]kgL ?=@%#.*) kg]{ b]lvG5 . g]kfn 6«i6sf]
sfof{non] uf]s0f{ jg If]qsf] hUuf Ps Joj;foLnfO{ k|lt/f]kgL k|ltjif{ ?=^$)&.@& sf b/n]
lnhdf pknAw u/fPsf] x'+bf uf]s0f{ jg If]qsf] hUufsf] t'ngfdf klg rGb|flu/Lsf] jgIf]qsf]
pkof]u ug{ lbP afkt /fHon] k|fKt ug]{ /sd k|lt /f]kgL ?=^!%#.$& sf b/n] #^ x]S6/sf]
k|lt jif{ ?=$# nfv ^$ xhf/ 36L x'g cfp5 . ctM jg lgodfjnL cg';f/ k|:tfj cfJxfg
u/L k|lt:kwf{ u/fP/ dfq jg If]q lnhdf lbg'kb{5 .
pQm Joj;foLnfO{ #^ x]S6/ jg If]q pknAw u/fPsf] dWo] dlGqkl/ifb\\n] % x]S6/df
dfq ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{ :jLs[lt lbPsf]df %=*^ x]S6/df ;+/rgf lgdf{0f u/]sf]
Joxf]/f lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] lg/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 . jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg
:jLs[t ubf{ jGohGt'sf] jf;:yfg Pj+ cfxf/ ljxf/df kg]{ c;/ Go"gLs/0f ug{ zt{ /fv]sf]df
pQm zt{sf] ;Daf]wg u/]sf] kfOPg . ;fy} :ynut lg/LIf0f ubf{ lgdf{0ffwLg ;+/rgfaf6
lglZsPsf 9'+uf, df6f] jftfj/0f d}qL ?kdf Joj:yfkg u/]sf] klg 5}g .

rGb|flul/ 8fF8fdf g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{oaf6 s]a'nsf/, dlGb/, kf}8L
kf]v/L, l/;f]6{ cflb lgdf{0f ug{ Ps sDkgLnfO{ :jLs[lt lbO{ sfo{ e}/x]sf] 5 . k/Dk/fut
dlGb/ If]qsf] P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s Pj+ ;f+:s[lts d"No / dfGotf ljk/Lt k/fk"j{sfnLg
efn]Zj/ zlQmkL7;Fu} csf]{ dlGb/ lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . To; If]qsf] df}lns ;f+:s[lts Pj+
wfld{s If]qdf kg]{ c;/sf] ljZn]if0f gePsf] Pj+ k'/ftTj ljefuaf6 :jLs[lt ;d]t lnPsf]
b]lvPg .
119.2 cfly{s P]g, @)&! sf] bkmf !$-#_ 6 / !$ -#_ u df s]j'n sf/ lgdf{{0f ug]{ pBf]un] s]a'n
sf/ lgdf{0f sfo{sf lgldQ cfjZos kg]{ zLif{s &# cGtu{tsf] tof/L Sofj jf Sofj lgdf{0f
ug{ cfjZos kg]{ l:6n kftf k}7f/L ubf{ eG;f/ dx;'ndf krf; k|ltzt 5'6 lbg] Joj:yf 5 .
;fy} eG;f/ b/aGbL pkzLif{s &#)*@ df kg]{ 6fj/ / Nofl6; dfi6df @) k|ltzt eG;f/
dx;'n tyf !# k|ltzt d"=c=s/ nufO{ hfFrkf; ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;'Vvf aGb/ufx eG;f/
sfof{noaf6 utjif{ Ps s]ansf/ ;~rfnsn] efu &# df kg]{ ?=#) s/f]8 *$ nfv d"Nosf
l:6n tyf kmnfdsf kftf Pj+ kf]nx? k}7f/L ubf{ d]l;g/L dfg]/ a}Í Uof/]G6Lsf] ;'ljwf k|bfg
u/L b/aGbLcg';f/ nfUg] eG;f/ dx;'n / d"=c=s/ c;'n gu/]af6 36L ePsf] /fh:j ?=^
s/f]8 @^ nfv ;DalGwt Joj;foLaf6 c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
s]a'nsf/ Joj;foLnfO{ sd b/df hUuf lnhdf lbg] / 7"nf] dfqfdf /fh:j 5'6 lbg]
sfo{n] /fHonfO{ gf]S;fgL ePsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf cfjZos 5fglag ul/g'kb{5 .
120. k'nsf] pkof]u – lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf] k'n k|of]udf cfpg'kg]{df k'iknfn -dWokxf8L_
nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgf k"jL{ v08cGtu{t v'sf]{6–3'dL{ ;8s ;fv/ vf]nfdf ?=! s/f]8 ^^ nfvsf]
nfutdf lgdf{0f ePsf] k'n k|of]udf cfPsf] b]lvPg . k'nsf] PnfOgd]G6df kg]{ hUuf
clwu|x0f x'g g;s]sf] sf/0f pQm k'n k|of]udf cfpg ;s]sf] kfOPg . oyfzL3| k'n k|of]udf
cfpg] Joxf]/f sfof{non] hgfP tfklg hUuf clwu|x0f u/]sf] 5}g .
121. Dofb gf3]sf] cf}iflw – of] jif{ n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf dWo] !^ sfof{nodf dfq () k|sf/sf !
s/f]8 %% nfv 6\ofan]6, @@ efon / cf}iflwsf] k|sf/ gv'n]sf ! nfv (% xhf/ cf}iflwsf]
pkof]u ug{ ldNg] cjlw Joltt ePsf sf/0f pkof]uljxLg cj:yfdf /x]sf] kfOof] . ;dod}
pkof]u ug{ ;lsg] u/L vl/b ug{] Joj:yf ldnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;|f]tsf] ;b'kof]u ug{ cfjZos
b]lvG5 .
122. jg cltqmd0f — a9\bf] cltqmd0f lgoGq0f ug{ jg cltqmd0f lgoGq0f /0fgLlt, @)^* /
jg If]q ;'/Iff of]hgf, @)&) th'{df u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] eP tfklg of] jif{;Dd ^@
lhNnfsf &$) :yfgdf ! nfv @! xhf/ @#$ 3/w'/Ln] ($ xhf/ @## x]S6/ jg / ^ /fli6«o
lgs'Gh tyf cf/Ifsf] # xhf/ *&^ x]S6/ hldg cltqmd0f u/L #) xhf/ !($ 3/ 6x/f
lgdf{0f u/]sf] kfOof] .
o; jif{ /fli6«o jgtkm{ @$ lhNnfdf &)% x]S6/ cltqmd0f x6fpg] nIo /x]sf]df @!
lhNnfsf] ^*) x]S6/ cltqmd0f d'Qm ug{ ?=@ s/f]8 () nfv vr{ u/]sf] 5 . cltqmd0f
ePsf] If]qsf] )=&$ k|ltztdfq x6fpg] nIo lgwf{/0f u/]sf]n] nIo g} Go"g /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
cltqmd0f x6fpg] sfo{df pNn]Vo k|ult ug'{kb{5 .
123. jg If]qsf] k|of]u — /fli6«o jgsf] emf8L a'6\ofg, cltqmd0fsf/Laf6 lkmtf{ lnPsf] jg, jg
Iflt eO{ k'gM psf; ePsf] If]q, @) k|ltzt eGbf sd qmfpg se/ ePsf] jg / e" ;+/If0f
lx;fjn] ;+j]bgzLn If]q OR5's ;+:yf jf pBf]unfO{ k|:tfj cfXjfg u/L sa'lnotL jgsf]
?kdf lbg ;lsg] jg lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] lgod #(-s_ sf] Joj:yfljk/Lt jg ljefun] %
xhf/ ^) x]S6/ jg If]q ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfnfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . dlGqkl/ifb\\sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ jg If]qsf] !$ xhf/ @* x]S6/hUuf ljleGg #$& ;+3 ;+:yfnfO{ pknAw
u/fPsf]df jg If]qsf] hUuf cGo k|of]hgsf nflu pknAw u/fpg] sfo{ljlw, @)^# adf]lhd
j[Iff/f]k0f u/]sf] kfOPg . jg ljefun] o;/L pknAw u/fPsf] hUufsf] clen]v klg
Jojl:yt lsl;dn] /fv]sf] kfOPg .
124. sf7 df}Hbft — jg ljefuaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ t/fO{ tyf leqLdw]z l:yt @^ lhNnfsf
lhNnf jg sfof{no, lb l6Da/ skf]{/];g / jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{ ;ldltsf] sf7sf] df}Hbft
utjif{ !( nfv &# xhf/ 3glkm6 /x]sf]df o; jif{ ^ nfv ## xhf/ lhDd]jf/L ;f/]af6 !#
nfv $) xhf/ 3glkm6 sf7 36L lhDd]jf/L b]vfPsf]df ;f]sf] k'i6\ofO{ pNn]v u/]sf] 5}g .
ljefun] @)^^.^& b]lv df}Hbft ;fg]{ qmddf unt sf7 df}Hbft ;dfj]z ePsf] pNn]v u/]sf]
5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&!.&@ sf] lnnfdsf] cf}ift d"No k|lt 3g lkm6 ?=*%(.– nfO{ cfwf/
dfGbf !# nfv $) xhf/ 3glkm6 sf7sf] ?=! ca{ !% s/f]8 36L df}Hbft ;f/]sf] b]lvG5 .
36L df}Hbft ;DaGwdf 5fglag x'g'kb{5 .
125. jg b:t'/ – lhNnf jg sfof{no, sf7df8f}+ / ;'g;/Ln] kof{ko{6g jghGo pBf]u cflbsf]
nflu ( Joj;foLnfO{ #!*=&& x]S6/ jg If]q pknAw u/fPsf]df jg lgdfojnL, @)%)
adf]lhd nfUg] b:t'/ ?=!^ nfv @ xhf/ c;'n u/]sf 5}gg\ . pQm b:t'/ oyfzL3| c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .
126. vf]6f] ;Íng – vf]6f] ;Íng lgb]{lzsf, @)^$ cg';f/ o; jif{ gd'gf 5gf}6 u/]sf lhNnf jg
sfof{no, a}t8L, 8f]6L, 88]nw'/f / c5fddf vf]6f] ;Íng sfo{ ;~rfng gePsf] ;DaGwdf
b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
126.1 vf]6f] ;Íngsf nflu s}nfnL l:yt Ps k|f=ln=;Fu k|lt:kwf{a]u/ ;Lw} !) jif{sf] nflu
;Demf}tf u/]sf]df ;f] ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb @)&#.!!.!$ df ;lsPsf]df k'gM & jif{ yk u/]sf] 5 .
;Demf}tfadf]lhd ;Íngstf{n] 6]lkË ug{ kfPsf If]qdf cfunfuL x'g glbg] Joj:yf ug]{,
jftfj/0f k|efj d"NofÍg k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L :jLs[ltsf] nflu k]; ug'{kg]{, lhNnf jg
sfof{non] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ u/]sf] sfdx?sf] jif{df sDtLdf b'O{ k6s cg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg
k]; ug'{kg]{ pNn]v u/]klg tL sfd ePsf 5}gg\ . ctM ;Demf}tfsf] kfngf x'g'kb{5 .
126.2 k|lt:kwf{Tds tl/sfn] vf]6f] ;Íng sfo{ gePsf] sf/0f ;a} Joj;foLn] ?=*.– k|lt s]=hL=sf
b/n] /f]oN6L a'emfPsf 5g\ . h'g b/ ;do ;fk]If ?kdf k'g/fjnf]sg ePsf] 5}g .
126.3 vf]6f] ;Íng lgb]{lzsfcg';f/ k|lt x]S6/ Go"gtd % dfp ?v /xg'kg]{, tL dfp ?vsf] 5ftL
#) ;]=dL=eGbf a9L Jof; ePsf] x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ?vdf lglZrt cfsf/df af]qmf tf;]/
vf]6f] ;Íng ug'{kg]{df ulx/f] 3fp kf/]sf]n] ?v dg{ yfn]sf] / wf]qf]kgf cfPsf], vf]6f]
cTolws k|HjngzLn kbfy{ ePsf] / ;kmf gu/]sf] sf/0fn] 88]nf]n] vf]6f]df cfuf] ;NsL
clwsf+z ?vsf] 8fold6/ hln;s]sf] / ?v ;'s]sf] kfOof] . ?vsf] Ifdtfcg';f/ tf5]/ vf]6f]
lgsfNg'kg]{df ;Nk'ml/s Pl;8sf] dfqf a9fO{ Ps} k6s a9L vf]6f] ;Íng u/L ?vdf /f]u
nfu]sf] sf/0fn] sf7 ;d]t ;8L e';df kl/0ft ePsf] kfOof] . t;y{ cg'udg u/L plNnlvt
cj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
127. kbflwsf/LnfO+ ;'ljwf Y dGqLx?sf] kfl/>lds ;'ljwf;DaGwL P]g, @)$( df ePsf]
Joj:yfsf] cltl/Qm k|wfgdGqL, dGqL / /fHodGqLnfO+ yk ;'ljwf lbg'kg]+ ePdf sfg'gdf
;dfj]z u/]/ dfq vr+ n]Vg ;jf]+Rr cbfntn] @)^*.*.@@ df cfb]z u/]sf]df P]gdf
Joj:yf gu/L # k"j{ kbflwsf/L / ! ;f+;bnfO{ u[x dGqfnon] ;jf/L;fwg pknAw u/fPsf]
5.
128. xbaGbL – e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! adf]lhd xbaGbLeGbf a9L ePsf]] hUuf k|fyldstfsf]
cfwf/df ;fljs hUufjfn, df]xL jf cGo s'g} JolQmnfO{ s'g} zt{df lbg ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 .
e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yfkg ljefun] pknAw u/fPsf] @)&@.&# ;Ddsf] xbaGbL;DaGwL
ljj/0fcg';f/ !) sfof{nosf] xbaGbLeGbf a9L hUufsf] hkmtaf6 k|fKt & s/f]8 $& nfv
(% xhf/ ju{ld6/ hUufdWo] % s/f]8 *# nfv ^% xhf/ ju{ld6/ hUuf laqmL ljt/0f u/L
! s/f]8 ^$ nfv #) xhf/ ju{ld6/ hUuf afFsL /x]sf] ljj/0f k|fKt ePsf] 5 . afFsL
sfof{nox?sf] xbaGbLeGbf a9L hUuf /x] g/x]sf] 5fglag x'g'kb{5 .
;/sf/L lhG;L ;DklQsf] PsLs=t clen]v gx'_bf ;/sf/sf] s'n ;DklQ olsg
x'g;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . ;/sf/L jg tyf hUufsf] cltqmd0f ePsf], jg h_undf pknaw
sf7sf] clen]v b'?:t gePsf], sf7 lnnfd laqmL x'g g;s]sf], ;/sf/L ;DklQ
pkof]uljxLg ePsf], lhG;L Joj:yfkg Pj_ ;_/If0f pko'Qm 9uaf6 gePsf] sf/0f ;fj+hlgs
;DklQsf] ;_/If0f Pj_ pkof]u bIftfk"0f+ b]lvPg . o;}u/L ;fj+hlgs hldg, r'/] ;Dkbf,
hn;|f]t, vfgL Pj_ h_un nufotsf k|fs=lts ;|f]tsf] Joj:yfkg / ;_/If0f ;Gtf]ifk|b 5}g .
 cg'bfgsf] pkof]u
129. cg'bfg – of] jif{ ljleGg ;+:yfnfO{ ;fdflhs ;]jf cg'bfg ?=! va{ #& ca{ / :yfgLo
lgsfonfO{ rfn" tyf ;zt{ cg'bfgsf] nflu ?=%@ ca{ ** s/f]8 ;d]t s'n ?=! va{ ()
ca{ cg'bfg vr{ n]v]sf]df b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ .
129.1 ljZjljBfno cg'bfg cfof]unfO{ k'_hLut cg'bfg ?-&( s/f]8 ;d]t ?-& ca+ !& s/f]8,
k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnd kl/ifb\nfO+ ?-! ca+ ^& s/f]8 ;d]t ( ;_:yfnfO+ ?-
!) ca+ ^@ s/f]8 cg'bfg pknaw u/fPsf]df ;f]sf] sfof+Gjog Pj_ ;b'kof]u ;DaGwdf
cg'udg ePsf] 5}g . pQm cg'bfg pkof]usf] cg'udg ug'+kb+5 .
129.2 lzIff dGqfnon] ;_:yf btf+ P]g, @)#$ adf]lhd btf+ ePsf] Ps u}/;/sf/L ;_:yfnfO+
AGAkLl8t kl/jf/ lzIff sfo+qmdcGtu+t ! xhf/ $)) ljBfyL+nfO+ cfjf; ;'ljwf ;lxt
lgMz'Ns k7gkf7gsf] Joj:yf ug+ k'_hLuttk+m ?-! s/f]8 %) nfv / rfn'tk+m ?-^ s/f]8
%! nfv ;d]t of] jif+ ?-* s/f]8 ! nfv cg'bfg pknaw u/fPsf] 5 . ;_:yfsf] k|ult
ljj/0f, lzIfs ljBfyL+ ;_Vof / vr+sf] pknlaw ljj/0f;lxt d"Nofsg u/L ;ldltdf k];
ug]+ ;fy} vr+ gePsf] eP ;f] /sd ;l~rt sf]ifdf hDdf ug]+ egL ;fj+hlgs n]vf ;ldltn]
@)&@.!).@$ df lgb]+zg lbPsf]df tT;DaGwL sf/afxL cufl8 ga9fO+ of] jif+ ;d]t cg'bfg
lbPsf] 5 .

129.3 lzIff dGqfnon] b'O+ ;_:yfut ljBfnonfO+ ?-$ s/f]8 !% nfv, Ps d]l8sn ljBfnonfO+ ?-
% nfv / b'O+ cf>d/u'?s'nnfO+ ?-!! nfv ;d]t ?-$ s/f]8 #! nfv 5fqj=lQ ljt/0f ug+
cg'bfg k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . Ps ljBfnoaf6 sIff $ b]lv !@ df cWoog/t !(% ljBfyL+nfO+
?-! s/f]8 $@ nfv gub 5fqj=lQ ljt/0f u/]sf]dWo] sIff $ sf ljBfyL+nfO+ k|ltljBfyL+ ?-
! nfv %@ xhf/;Dd ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . 5fqj=lQ ljt/0f k|lqmofnfO+ j:t'k/s, e/kbf]+ /
ljZj;gLo agfO+ cg'udg k|0ffnLnfO+ k|efjsf/L agfpg'kb+5 .
129.4 lzIff dGqfnon] *@ k':tsfno tyf u'?s'n / ljBfnosf nflu of] jif+ ?- %) xhf/b]lv ?-
@@ nfv;Ddsf b/n] ?-@ s/f]8 @$ nfv cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . sfo+qmd, sfo+k|ult,
n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg nufot vr+ cg'udg Pj_ d"Nofsg cfjZostfsf] klxrfg gu/L
dGqfnoaf6 ;f]em} lgsf;f lbg' plrt b]lvPg . o;df lgoGq0f x'g'kb+5 .
129.5 lzIff dGqfnon] sIff sf]7f / 5fqfjf; lgdf+0f ug+ Ps ;_:yfut ljBfnonfO+ ?-! s/f]8,
;"rgf k|ljlw / cGo k|of]uzfnf ;fdu|L vl/b ug+ Ps laBfnonfO+ ?-! s/f]8 / ejg
lgdf+0f ug+ Ps u'?s'nnfO+ ?-!% nfv ;d]t ?-@ s/f]8 !% nfv k'_hLut ;Mzt+ cg'bfg
pknaw u/fPsf] 5 . ;"rgf k|ljlw / cGo k|of]uzfnf ;fdu|L vl/b ug+] k|of]hgsf] nflu ?-!
s/f]8 cg'bfg lbPsf]df pQm /sdaf6 ejg / l:jldu k'n lgdf+0fsf] sfo+ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg
k]; ePsf] 5 . :jLs=t sfo+qmdcg';f/ cg'bfgsf] pkof]u u/]sf] 5}g . cGo b'O+ lgsfoaf6
sfo+ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg k]; gePsf] / dGqfnoaf6 cg'udg ;d]t ePsf] 5}g .
129.6 ljZj ljBfno cg'bfg cfof]un] sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfnonfO{ rfn' cg'bfgsf] nflu ?=^ s/f]8
%) nfv, k"+hLut cg'bfgsf] nflu ?=! s/f]8 %) nfv tyf k"jf{~rn ljZjljBfnosf] nflu
rfn' cg'bfgsf] nflu ?=^ s/f]8 $# nfv tyf k'FhLut cg'bfg ?=@ s/f]8 cg'bfg pknAw
u/fPsf]df ;f]sf] n]vfk/LIf0f o; sfof{noaf6 gx'g] x'Fbf n]vfk/LIf0f u/fP gu/fPsf] :ki6
ePg .
cfof]un] ( ljZjljBfno cGtu{tsf SofDk; / ;+:yfnfO{ ?=&( s/f]8 $) nfv
k'FhLut cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf]df ;f]sf] ;d]t cg'udg gu/]sfn] cg'bfgsf] pkof]u
;'lglZrt ul/g'kb{5 .
129.7 :jf:Yo dGqfnoaf6 utjif{ %^ ;+:yfnfO{ ?=*# s/f]8 @^ nfv / of] jif{ @@ ;+:yfnfO{ ?=$&
s/f]8 () nfv u/L ?=! ca{ #! s/f]8 cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf]df cg'udg u/]sf] 5}g .
cg'bfgsf] nflu ;+:yf 5gf}6 ubf{ :jf:y ;++:yf btf{, :jf:Yo ;]jf ;~rfng cg'dlt,
gjLs/0f, u'0f:t/ h:tf kIfnfO{ cfwf/ lnPsf] kfOPg . o;n] ubf{ ;~rfng cg'dlt k|fKt
gu/]sf / cg'dlt k|fKt ePsf]df gjLs/0f gu/fPsf ;+:yfnfO{ ;d]t cg'bfg pknAw
u/fPsf] b]lvof] . o; jif{ dGqL:t/Lo lg0f{oaf6 g]kfnuGhl:yt Ps ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo ;]jf
s]Gb|nfO{ ? ! s/f]8 !) nfv cg'bfg lbg] lg0f{o ePsf]df ;f] ;+:yfn] c:ktfn ;~rfng ug{
cg'dlt k|fKt u/]sf] b]lvPg . o;}u/L cGo @@ ;+:yfsf] cg'dlt k|flKt / gjLs/0fsf] l:ylt
pNn]v ePsf] kfOPg . ;]jf k|jfxsf] l:ylt, u'0f:t/, ljkGg tyf h]i7 gful/snfO{ pknAw
u/fPsf] ;]jfsf] l:ylt gv'nfO{ u/]sf] d"NofÍg oyfy{k/s gx'g] / cg'bfg kfpg}kg{] ;+:yfn]
cg'bfg k|fKt u/]sf]df ljZj:t x'g] cfwf/ gePsf]n] 5gf}6 ubf{ lgb]{lzsfsf oL kIfx?nfO{
klg ;dfj]z ug{'kb{5 .

w'lnv]n c:ktfnn] dGqfno;Fu @)&# cfiff9df ;Demf}tf u/L pks/0f vl/b ug{
?=$ s/f]8 %# nfv cg'bfg nu]sf]df cfiff9 d;fGtleq} rf/ k|sf/sf :jf:Yo pks/0f ?=$
s/f]8 &^ nfvdf vl/b u/]sf] cfo Joo ljj/0fdf pNn]v u/]sf]n] cg'bfg pkof]usf]
ljZj;gLo cfwf/ b]lvPg . o;}u/L jL/uGh cfFvf s]Gb|n] dGqfno;Fu ;Demf}tf u/L pks/0f
vl/b ug{ ?=! s/f]8 ^^ nfv cg'bfg nu]sf]df @)&#.^.$ df pks/0f vl/b ug{ dGqfno
;dIf cg'dlt dfu u/]sf] 5 . ;+:yfsf] ljQLo k|ltj]bgdf @)&# efb| d;fGtdf cg'bfg
/sdaf6 pks/0f vl/b u/]sf] pNn]v ePsf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag x'g'kb{5 .
129.8 ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnocGtu{t clt ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf] nflu lbuf]
ljsf; sfo{qmdaf6 ljut @ jif{df *! ;d"xnfO{ ljleGg Joj;fo ;~rfngsf] nflu
;Demf}tf u/L cg'bfg :j?k aLp k'FhL /sdsf] ?kdf ?=^ s/f]8 &$ nfv pknAw u/fPsf]df
;f]sf] k|ult, cg'udg, n]vfk/LIf0f tyf sfo{;DkGg k|ltj]bg ;d]t k]; gePsf]n] cg'bfg
pkof]usf] ;'lglZrttf /x]g . ctM cg'bfgsf] p2]Zod"ns pkof]usf] ;'lglZrttfsf nflu
lgoldt cg'udg ug'{kb{5 .
129.9 dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnoaf6 ljut jif{b]lv g} ljleGg ;+3;+:yf tyf
lgsfonfO{ ;fn–a;fnL ?=! nfv %) xhf/b]lv ?=^ s/f]8 ;Dd cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf] 5 .
of] jif{ @## ;+3÷;+:yfnfO{ ?=!^ s/f]8 ^% nfv cg'bfg ljt/0f u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f]dWo] !)
;+3 ;+:yfnfO{ dfq ?=^ s/f]8 ( nfv cg'bfg ljt/0f u/]sf] kfOof] . @)&@÷&# df
dGqfnosf] s'n vr{ ?=! ca{ *) s/f]8dWo] cg'bfg ?=!^ s/f]8 ^% nfv cg'bfg ljt/0f
u/]sf] 5 . h'g s'n vr{sf] (=@! k|ltzt x'g cfpF5 . pQm cg'bfg ;DalGwt ;+:yfx?n]
;DalGwt k|of]hgdf pkof]u u/]sf] cfZj:t x'g] u/L cg'udg ePsf] 5}g .
129.10 gub k|f]T;fxg sfo+ljlw, @)&) cg';f/ plNnlvt j:t' t];|f] d'n's lgof+t ug]+ pBf]ux?nfO+
gub k|f]T;fxg e'QmfgLsf] nflu of] jif+ pBf]u ljefun] ?-#) s/f]8 g]kfn /fi6« a}ÍnfO{
pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . g]kfn /fi6« a}Ídf ut jif{sf] afFsL ?=@# s/f]8 $) nfv / of] jif{sf]
?=#) s/f]8 ;d]t hDdf ?=%# s/f]8 $) nfv /x]sf] dWo] of] jif{ ?=!( s/f]8 ** nfv
ljt/0f u/L ?=## s/f]8 %@ nfv df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 . g]kfn /fi6«a}ÍnfO{ k|To]s jif{ pknAw
u/fPsf] /sddWo] vr{ geO{ df}Hbft /x]sf] kfOPsf]n] art /sd lkmtf{ k|fKt u/L /fh:j
bflvnf ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
lgb]{lzsfcg';f/ cg'bfg k|fKt ug]{ pBf]ux?sf] lgof{tdf Go"gtd #) k|ltzt d"No
clej[l4 ePsf] x'g'kg]{df To;sf] ljZn]if0f gu/L cg'bfg lbPsf] kfOof] . pBf]u ljefun]
sfo{ljlwdf plNnlvt k|fjwfgx?sf] sfof{Gjog u/L ;f]sf] cg'udg ug'{kb{5 .
129.11 s[lif ljsf; dGqfnon] of] jif{ Ps ufpF Ps pTkfbg, kf]v/L lgdf{0f, kz'kfng tyf t/sf/L
v]tL, /f;folgs dn, vfBfGg afnL, kmnk"mn, aLp lahg, s[lif cf}hf/ nufotsf lqmofsnfk
;~rfng ug{ @$ cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmddfkm{t ?=!! cj{ &$ s/f]8 cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg
sfo{qmd :jLs[t u/]sf]df ?=!) ca{ $ s/f]8 vr{ ePsf] 5 . cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg ah]6
Joj:Yff ePsf] /sddWo] ?=! ca{ &) s/f]8 36L vr{ ePsf] 5 . ah]6df Joj:yf ePsf %
sfo{qmdsf] ?=!! s/f]8 %) nfvsf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf] 5}g . sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog
Ifdtfdf j[l4 ug'{kb{5 .

129.12 ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfnon] dftxtsf @% ;ldltnfO+ ? $% s/f]8 !&
nfv &# lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdfkm+t ljleGg ;_3, ;_:yf / lghL k|lti7fgnfO+ ?-#* s/f]8 !%
nfv / !@ ;_:yfnfO+ ?-(& nfv ;d]t ?-*$ s/f]8 @( nfv cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf]df
;~rfng x'g] of]hgf, sfo+qmd / nfut v'nfPsf] 5}g . pQm cg'bfg tL lgsfon] s] s:tf
k|of]hgdf k|of]u u/] ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg Pj_ cg'udg ePsf] 5}g .
129.13 :yfgLo lgsfo ;|f]t kl/rfng tyf Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw, @)^( sf] lgod ^) cg';f/ ufpF
ljsf; ;ldltdf lgsf;f u/]sf] ;zt{ cg'bfg /sdsf] pkof]u ;DaGwdf lgod %$ cg';f/
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lgoldt cg'udg u/L ;ldltsf] sfo{qmd ah]6, ljQLo / ef}lts
k|ult k|ltj]bg tyf n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg lng'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf]
sfof{no, nlntk'/ / sf7df8f}+ nufot !$ n] ?=# nfv 36Lsf ljleGg sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf]
nflu pknAw u/fPsf] ;zt{ cg'bfg ?=!! s/f]8 (# nfvsf] ljQLo, ef}lts tyf n]vfk/LIf0f
k|ltj]bg ;d]t k|fKt gu/]sf]n] pQm vr{ / pknlAwsf] ;DaGwdf cfZj:t x'g] cj:yf /x]g .
130. lghfdtL ;GttL 5fqj[lQ – lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf ;GttLnfO{ 5fqj[lQ pknAw u/fpg]
lgb]{lzsf, @)&! sf] bkmf #-#_ df :gfts txdf cWoog ug]{ ljBfyL{x?nfO{ lgb]{lzsfadf]lhd
5gf}6df k/]sf nfutsf] cfwf/df k|ltljBfyL{ ?=! nfv %) xhf/b]lv ?=% nfv;Dd 5fqj[lQ
k|bfg ul/g] Joj:yf 5 . lgb]{lzsfsf] bkmf @^-!_ df 5fqa[lQ k|fKt u/L cWoog ug]{
ljBfyL{x?nfO{ cWoog ;s]kl5 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s'g} ;+:yf jf lgsfosf] sfddf v6fpg ;Sg]
Joj:yfadf]lhd sa'lnotgfdf u/fPsf] kfOof] . ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] @)^^.^& b]lv
@)&@.)&# ;Dd @ xhf/ $@( hgfnfO{ ?=$# s/f]8 ** nfv 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f u/]sf]df
xfn;Dd ljBfyL{nfO{ ;f]adf]lhd v6fPsf] b]lvg cfPg . sa'lnotgfdf adf]lhd
cfjZostfg';f/ ;]jfdf pkof]u ug'{kb{5 .
ljleGg lgsfonfO{ 7"nf] /sd lgzt{ cg'bfg k|bfg ul/g] t/ ;f]xL k|of]hgdf k|of]u
eP gePsf] cg'udg ug]{, k|ltj]bg lng] gu/]af6 cg'bfgsf] pkof]u ;'lglZrt x'g;s]sf]
5}g . t;y{ cg'bfg pkof]usf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{kb{5 .
 sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog
131. sfo{qmdsf] bf]xf]/f]kgf – g]kfn ;/sf/ sfo{ ljefhg lgodfjnL, @)&@ df k'/ftflTjs
dxTjsf :df/s / k'/ftflTjs j:t'x?sf] ;+u|x, ;+/If0f, ;+j4{g, cGj]if0f tyf pTvgg,
;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf, w/f]x/ / P]ltxfl;s dxTjsf b/jf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;+j4{g sfo{ ug{] u/L
;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfnosf] sfd ljefhg u/]sf] 5 . dlGqkl/ifb\sf]
lg0f{on] zx/L ljsf; dGqfnocGtu{tsf] ljz]if ef}lts tyf k"jf{wf/ If]q ljsf;
cfof]hgfnfO{ ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s tyf ko{6sLo k"jf{wf/;DaGwL sfo{ ug{] u/L o; jif{ ?=#!
s/f]8 *( nfv vr{ u/]sf] 5 . To;} u/L ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p88\og dGqfnon]]
klg ;f]xL k|s[ltsf sfo{df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt dfkm{t ?=#( s/f]8 !@ nfv lgsf;f lbO{
vr{ u/]sf] 5 . Ps} k|s[ltsf] sfo{ ljleGg lgsfoaf6 u/fpFbf bf]xf]/f] kg{] b]lvPsf]n] Pp6}
lgsfoaf6 u/fpg'kg{] b]lvG5 .
132. t'Og lj:yfkg – @)&@.&# sf] ah]6 jQmJodf @ jif{leq t'OgnfO{ emf]n'Ë] k'nåf/f lj:yfkg
ug]{ gLlt cg';f/ ;:k]G;g la|h l8lehgn] lj:t[t ;j]{If0f ubf{ $# lhNnfdf @#& t'OgdWo]
c:yfoL tl/t/fp ^^, emf]n'Ë]k'n lgdf{0f ug{ ;DefJotf gePsf @(, l8hfOg tyf
kmfp08];gsf] yk cWoog ug'{kg]{ # ;d]t (* t'Og lj:yfkg sfo{ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g eg]
afFsL !#( t'Og k|lt:yfkg ug]{ sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 .
t'Og lj:yfkgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] lg0f{o u/]sf] eP tfklg t'Og
k|lt:yfkg;DaGwL sfo{ljlw @)&#.$.& df dfq kfl/t u/]sf] 5 . ;fdfGotof k'n lgdf{0fsf]
cjlw ! jif{b]lv !* dlxgf;Dd /x]sf]df n]vfk/LIf0f cjlw;Dddf s'n !#( dWo] * k'n
lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf], %@ k'nsf] sfo{;DkGg x'g] Dofb @)&$ c;f]h d;fGt;Dd /x]sf], @#
k'n af]nkq d"NofÍgdf /x]sf] 5 . To:t} lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdfk{mt ;DkGg x'g] %^ k'n
;DkGg x'g] cjlwsf ;DaGwdf l8lehgdf clen]v g/x]sf] l:ylt 5 . yk cWoog ug'{kg]{ /
;DefJotf gb]lvPsf (* k'n k|lt:yfkg ug]{ sfo{of]hgf tof/ gePsf] tyf kof{Kt ah]6
Joj:yf eP tfklg hgzlQm cefj /x]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf]n] b'O{ jif{leq ;a} t'Og
lj:yflkt u/L ;Sg] ;/sf/sf] 3f]if0ff sfof{Gjog x'g] l:ylt 5}g .
133. lgjf{rg If]q k"jf{wf/ tyf ljsf; sfo{qmd – lgjf{rg If]q k"jf{wf/ ljz]if sfo{qmd / lgjf{rg
If]q ljsf; sfo{qmddf @)&!.&@ df ?=# ca{ !! s/f]8 / @)&@.&# df ?=$ ca{ ^! s/f]8
vr{ ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmdcGt{ut of]hgf 5gf}6 tyf sfof{Gjog l:yltsf] d"NofÍgaf6
b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/f b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\M
133.1 lgjf{rg If]q k"jf{wf/ ljz]if sfo{qmd -;~rfng sfo{ljlw_ lgodfjnL, @)&! sf] lgod % -&_
df cfof]hgf 5gf}6sf cfwf/x? pNn]v 5 . sfo{qmdaf6 @)&!.&@ df #! lhNnfn] ?=*@
s/f]8sf *!) cfof]hgf / @)&@.&# df #^ lhNnfn] ?=! ca{ %) s/f]8sf !$@# cfof]hgf
tf]lsPsf] cfwf/df 5gf}6 u/]sf] b]lvPg . tf]lsPsf] cfwf/x?sf] klxrfg gu/L 5gf}6 ul/Psf
cfof]hgfx?af6 sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo k"/f gx'g] x'Fbf cfwf/x?sf] klxrfg u/L lgodfjnLn]
Joj:yf u/]cg'?ksf cfof]hgf 5gf}6 x'g'kb{5 .
133.2 lgjf{rg If]q k"jf{wf/ ljz]if sfo{qmdaf6 @)&!.&@ df a9Ldf !), @)&@.&# df a9Ldf !%
cfof]hgf 5gf}6 ug{ ;lsg]df @)&!.&@ df ( lhNnfdf %^, @)&@.&# df !% lhNnfdf () /
lgjf{rg If]q ljsf; sfo{qmdaf6 @)&).&! df & / @)&!.&@ / @)&@.&# df a9Ldf !@
j6f;Dd cfof]hgf 5gf}6 ug{ ;lsg]df @)&).&! df ^ lhNnfdf !%&, @)&!.&@ df g'jfsf]6,
x'Dnf, ;Nofg / h'Dnf lhNnfdf %@ / @)&@.&# df !! lhNnfdf !@) ;d]t $&% a9L
cfof]hgf 5gf}6 u/]sf] b]lvof] .
lgjf{rg If]q k"jf{wf/ ljz]if sfo{qmd tkm{ ?=& nfveGbf sdsf] / lgjf{rg If]q
ljsf; sfo{qmd tkm{ ?=%) xhf/;Ddsf] cfof]hgf 5gf}6 ug{ gldNg] Joj:yf 5 . t/
@)&!.&@ df 8f]6L, bfª / wflbª lhNnfcGtu{t ?=($ nfvsf] @% / @)&@.&# df *
lhNnfdf ?=$ s/f]8 *) nfvsf] !&! cfof]hgf ?=& nfveGbf sd nfutsf] / lgjf{rg If]q
ljsf; sfo{qmdtkm{ @)&).&! df ( lhNnfdf ^( nfvsf] !%&, @)&!.&@ df & lhNnfdf
?=$^ nfvsf] (# / @)&@.&# df & lhNnfdf ?=@& nfvsf] %% cfof]hgf ?=%) xhf/eGbf
sd nfutsf cfof]hgf 5gf}6 ePsf] 5 .
w]/} cfof]hgf 5gf}6 x'Fbf cfof]hgfsf] nflu kof{Kt ah]6 ljlgof]hg gx'g] tyf ;fgf
;fgf cfof]hgfdf ah]6 5l/g] ePsf]n] cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog k|efjsf/L x'Fbg} . lgodn]
tf]s]sf] ;Ldfleq /x]/ cfof]hgf 5gf}6 ug'{kb{5 .
133.3 cfof]hgf 5gf}6 ubf{ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf /fhg}lts bn jf ltgsf elugL ;+u7g;Fu
;DalGwt k"jf{wf/ cfof]hgf 5gf}6 ug{ gldNg] Joj:yf 5 . !& lhNnfdf ?=% s/f]8 #%
nfvsf] !@^ cfof]hgf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf /fhg}lts bn;Fu ;DalGwt cfof]hgf 5gf}6
u/]sf]n] lgodfjnL ljk/Lt x'g] u/L 5gf}6 u/]sf] 5 . lgodfjnL ljk/Lt cfof]ghf 5gf}6 ug{
ldNb}g .
133.4 lgjf{rg If]q ljsf; sfo{qmd -;~rfng sfo{ljlw_ lgodfjnL, @)%* sf] lgod #-^_ -u_ df
sDtLdf @) k|ltzt hg;xeflutf x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . lgjf{rg If]q ljsf; sfo{qmdcGt{ut
;~rflnt sfo{qmddf ^ lhNnfdf ;DkGg ePsf ?=# s/f]8 * nfvsf] @%& of]hgfdf
hg;xeflutf z"Go /x]sf] / !# lhNnfdf ?=!& s/f]8 #^ nfvsf] sfo{;DkGg ePsf] / !
xhf/ !)) of]hgfdf hg;xeflutf @) k|ltzteGbf sd ePsf] b]lvof] . hg;xeflutf Go"g
x'Fbf ;/sf/sf] nufgL a9L x'g], vr{df ldtJolotf sfod gx'g] x'Fbf tf]lsPadf]lhdsf]
hg;xeflutf h'6fP/ dfq sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{kb{5 .
133.5 lgjf{rg If]q k"jf{wf/ ljz]if sfo{qmd -;~rfng sfo{ljlw_ lgodfjnL, @)&! sf] lgod !$ /
lgjf{rg If]q ljsf; sfo{qmd -;~rfng sfo{ljlw_ lgodfjnL, @)%* sf] lgod *-s_ df
cfof]hgf cg'udg ;DaGwL Joj:yf 5 . k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ @# lhNnfdWo] @@ lhNnfdf
@)&).&! df ?=$ s/f]8 ^& nfvsf @(% cfof]hgf, @)&!.&@ df ?=$# s/f]8 @% nfvsf !
xhf/ $% cfof]hgf / @)&@.&# df ?=*& s/f]8 & nfvsf ! xhf/ *$# cfof]hgf
sfof{Gjog ePsf]df ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udg ePsf] b]lvPg . d':tfª lhNnfdf ?=@ s/f]8 ^
nfvsf !( cfof]hgfsf] cg'udg u/]sf]df (% k|ltzt of]hgf pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] 7]Ssfdf
lbPsf], (% k|ltzt of]hgfdf ;"rgf kf6L g/flvPsf] / sfd ;DkGg gePsf] of]hgfsf] /sd
lk|mh x'g glbg uf=lj=;=sf] vftfdf k7fpg] u/]sf] cg'udgaf6 b]lvPsf] pNn]v 5 .
;~rflnt cfof]hgfsf] cg'udg gug]{ / ul/Psf] cfof]hgfdf b]lvPsf] s}lkmotdf ;'wf/ gx'Fbf
cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog k|efjsf/L gx'g] ePsf]n] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udg u/L s}lkmot
b]lvPsf Joxf]/fdf ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
133.6 lgjf{rg If]q k"jf{wf/ ljz]if sfo{qmd -;~rfng sfo{ljwL_ lgodfjnL @)&! sf] lgod ^ /
lgjf{rg If]q ljsf; sfo{qmd -;~rfng sfo{ljlw_ lgodfjnL, @)%* sf] lgod $-!_ df
cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0fdf /sd vr{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . lgjf{rg If]q k"jf{wf/ ljz]if sfo{qmdaf6
;fdu|L vl/bdf @)&!.&@ df % lhNnfsf] ( lgjf{rg If]qn] ?=! s/f]8 ^% nfv / @)&@.&#
df !$ lhNnfsf] @@ lgjf{rg If]qn] ?=^ s/f]8 *^ nfv vr{ u/]sf 5g\ . lgjf{rg If]q
ljsf; sfo{qmdaf6 ;fdfg vl/bdf @)&).&! df * lhNnfsf] !@ ;f+;bn] ?=$$ nfv,
@)&!.&@ df ( lhNnfsf] @) ;f+;bn] ?=^) nfv / @)&@.&# df !( lhNnfsf] #& ;f+;bn]
?=@ s/f]8 #) nfv ljlgof]hg u/L vr{ u/]sf 5g\ . lgodfjnLn] tf]s]adf]lhdsf]
cfof]hgfx?df vr{ u/]sf] gb]lvPsf]n] sfo{ljlwadf]lhd cfof]hgf 5gf}6 u/L sfof{Gjog
x'g'kb{5 .
134. ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{qmd – ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{qmd ;~rfng sfo{ljlw, @)^( cg';f/
k|To]s rf}dfl;sdf e'QmfgL u/]sf] /sdsf] ekf{O{ e'QmfgL u/]sf] & lbgleq k]ZsL km5of}{6sf]
nflu lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf k7fpg'kg]{ / sfof{non] bf];|f] / t];|f] ls:tf /sd
lgsf;f lbFbf cl3Nnf] ls:tfdf lgsf;f eO{ e'QmfgL ug{ afFsL /x]sf] /sd s6fP/ lgsf;f
lbg'kg]{, t];|f] ls:tf k]ZsL lnPsf] /sd cfiff9 @! leq km5\of}{6sf] nflu k7fpg'kg]{ /
cfiff9sf] @^ leq k]ZsL km5\of}{6 ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{qmddf ut jif{
?=!@ ca{ @^ s/f]8 vr{ ePsf]df of] jif{ ?=!^ ca{ !% s/f]8 vr{ eO{ #!=^( k|ltzt j[l4
ePsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
134.1 ah]6 jQmJo @)&@.&# df ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{qmd 5l/P/ ;~rfng ePsf]n] rfn'
clwj]zgb]lv g} PsLs[t ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ljw]os Joj:yflksf ;+;bdf k]; ul/g] pNn]v
ePsf]df k]; ePsf] 5}g . o;af6 h]i7 gful/s eQf, Psn dlxnf nufot ;fdflhs ;'/Iff
eQf / lgj[lQe/0f nufotsf eQfdf ;fdGh:otf sfod x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
134.2 of] jif{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, l;/xf, ;Nofg, ;'g;/L nufot #! n] ;fdflhs
;'/Iff sfo{qmddf pknAw u/fPsf] k]ZsL ?=! ca{ $) s/f]8 km5\of}{6 ePsf] 5}g .
134.3 lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, c5fd, ;'v]{t nufot @$ lhNnfsf] ! xhf/ #!
uf=lj=;=dWo] gd"gf 5gf}6df k/]sf &# ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf ;DaGwL
;|]:tf k/LIf0f ubf{ ?=%# nfv e'QmfgL lbg gldNg] e'QmfgL lbPsf] x'Fbf pQm vr{ /sd c;'n
ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf]n] cGo (%& ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;DaGwdf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltaf6
olsg ug'{kb{5 .
135. :yfgLo ;8s k'n 5gf}6 / lgdf{0f – :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s ljefuaf6
:yfgLo :t/af6 dfu eO{ cfPsf @ xhf/ () ;8s k'ndWo] ##) k'nsf] lj:t[t ;DefJotf
cWoog u/L @$@ k'n lgdf{0fsf nflu 5gf}6 ePsf]df @)^&.^* b]lv @)&@.&# ;Dddf @!!
k'nsf] lgdf{0f ;Demf}tf eO{ @) k'n ljefuaf6 / !(! k'n :yfgLo:t/af6 lgdf{0f ug]{ u/L
vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf]df ljefu / :yfgLo:t/df ;~rfng x'g] k'n lgdf{0f;DaGwL 5gf}6sf]
:ki6 cfwf/ tof/ u/]sf] b]lvPg . ljefuaf6 lgdf{0ffwLg @) k'ndWo] @ ;DkGg ePsf], !@
k'nsf] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ cjlw ;dfKt ePsf], ^ k'ndf kfFrf}+ k6s;Dd Dofb yk
ePsf]df ;d]t lgdf{0f sfo{;DkGg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . afFs] lhNnfsf] dfg gbL k'ndf % k6s
/ slknj:t' lhNnfsf] ;'/xL gfnf k'ndf $ k6s Dofb yk eP tfklg n]vfk/LIf0f cjlw;Dd
sfo{;DkGg ePsf] 5}g . rf}/L vf]nf k'n sfe|]knf~rf]s, ;efvf]nf k'n afx|aL;] ;+v'jf;ef /
ls:g] vf]nf k'n emfkf ;d]tsf] ut jif{;Dd ?=@ s/f]8 @& nfv e'QmfgL ePsf]df of] jif{
yk lgdf{0f sfo{ ePsf] kfOPg .
To:t} lgdf{0ffwLg k'Gt/fuf8 ;8s k'n 88]Nw'/f, ;'gsf]zL gbL k'n, d:of{ª\bL gbL
k'n dgfª / df]xgf gbL k'n s~rgk'/ ;d]t $ k'nsf] hu vGg] :yfgdf r§fg /x]sf],
kmfp08]zg sfo{df kfOn yk ug'{kg]{, kmfp08]zg kl/jt{g ug'{kg]{ sf/0faf6 l8hfOg kl/jt{g
u/]sf] 5 . l8hfOg kl/jt{gaf6 ! k'ndf e]l/P;gaf6 ?=!@ nfv 36]sf] 5 eg] # k'ndf
?=(^ nfv yk ePsf] 5 . k'nx?sf] z'? 8«OË l8hfOg tof/L sfo{df sdL sdhf]/L /x]sf]
b]lvPsf]n] cfjZostf cg';f/ lgdf{0fsf nflu k'n 5gf}6sf] cfwf/ :ki6 ug'{kg]{, :jLs[t
sfo{tflnsfadf]lhd sfo{;DkGg ug'{kg]{ Pj+ q'l6k"0f{ 8«OË l8hfOg ug]{ k|fljlwsnfO{ sf/afxL
u/L ;dod} lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 .
136. ;'gf}nf xhf/ lbg sfo{qmd – ljZj a}Ísf] ;xof]udf /f}tx6 / ;nf{xL ;d]t !% lhNnfdf
;~rflnt of] sfo{qmdn] afn tyf dft[ s'kf]if0f Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;fa'g kfgLn] xft w'g]
nufotsf lqmofsnfkdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] p2]Zo lnPsf] 5 . @)^( b]lv z'? eO{ @)&$
cfiff9df ;DkGg x'g] of] sfo{qmddf ?=$ ca{ @) s/f]8 -$) ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/_ vr{
ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df @)&# cfiff9;Dd ?=@ ca{ !% s/f]8 % nfv vr{ ePsf] 5 . afFsL *
dlxgfsf] cjlwdf afFsL /sd vr{ x'g] l:ylt 5}g . ef}lts k|ult ^$ k|ltztdfq /x]sf]
ljj/0f k|fKt ePsf] 5 . /f}tx6 nufotsf * lhNnfn] !)) lbgdf ;DkGg x'g] sfo{qmdsf
nflu lnPsf] k]ZsL ?=!! s/f]8 #$ nfv n]vfk/LIf0f cjlw @)&# df3;Dd klg lan e/kfO{
k|fKt gePsf]n] km5\of}{6 x'g afFsL /x]sf]n] lgwf{l/t ;dodf sfo{;DkGg ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{
cfwf/ ePg . ctM p2]Zoadf]lhd pknlAw xfl;n x'g] u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{kb{5 .
137. lbjf vfhf – sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsf, @)&@.&# sf] Joj:yfcg';f/ k"j{ k|fylds /
k|fylds txsf ljBfyL{sf] nflu k|ltljBfyL{ b}lgs ?=!@.– sf b/n] ljBfno v'Ng] lbgsf]
u0fgf u/L @)) lbg;Ddsf] lbjf vfhf Joj:yf ug{ !$ lhNnfsf ljBfnonfO{ /sd lgsf;f
lbg] Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, 8f]Nkf nufot # sfof{non] jf:tljseGbf
a9L ljBfyL{sf nflu ?=#$ nfv lgsf;f lbPsf] /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 . lhNnf lzIff sfof{no,
bfª / /f]Nkfn] z}lIfs;q ;dfKt eO;s]kl5 ?=@ s/f]8 &# nfv lbjf vfhfdf lgsf;f
lbPsf] 5 . o;k|sf/n] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ubf{ p2]Zo xfl;n ePsf] 5}g .
138. k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f – sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog k'l:tsf, @)&@.&# n] sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] nflu
ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt / lhNnf lzIff sfof{no aLr k|yd rf}dfl;sdf ;Demf}tf
ul/;Sg'kg]{, sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L clGtd lgsf;f lbg'kg]{, sfo{ ;DkGg gug]{
ljBfnonfO{ clGtd ls:tf lgsf;f glbg] / cfiff9 !% ;Dd sfof{non] sfo{;DkGg k|ltj]bg
k|dfl0ft u/L ;DalGwt lgsfodf pknAw u/fO{ ;Sg'kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . of] jif{ ef}lts
;'ljwf lj:tf/ sfo{qmdsf] nflu ?=!! ca{ @* s/f]8 ah]6 Joj:yf u/]sf]df ?=!) ca{ (
s/f]8 ljBfnosf] vftfdf lgsf;f u/L vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . To;dWo] &@ lhNnf lzIff sfof{non]
?=^ ca{ %& s/f]8sf] ef}lts ;'wf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf]df sfo{
;DkGg ePsf] 5}g . t/ lzIff ljefun] pknAw u/fPsf] ljj/0fcg';f/ lgdf{0f sfo{ ((
k|ltzt k|ult ePsf] b]vfPsf] 5 . lgdf{0f ;DkGg gx'Fb} lgsf;fsf] cfwf/df k|ult b]vfpg'
pko'Qm xf]Og . lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg u/L sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L k|fljlws cfwf/df
oyfy{k/s 9Ën] k|ult k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{kb{5 .
139. lgMz'Ns kf7\ok':ts – lzIff ljefun] hf/L u/]sf] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog k'l:tsf @)&@.&#
cg';f/ ;DalGwt ljBfnoaf6 ljBfyL{sf] tYofÍ lnO{ ljBfyL{ ;+Vof olsg u/]/ sIff
bf]xf]¥ofpg] ;+Vof 36fO{ ljBfnonfO{ lgsf;f lbg], z}lIfs;qsf] z'?d} x/]s ljBfyL{nfO{ Ps
;]6 kf7\ok':ts vl/b u/L ljt/0f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . k|To]s z}lIfs;qsf] bf];|f] xKtfdf
kf7\ok':ts ljBfnodf k'¥ofpg] k|lta4tf dGqfnon] JoQm u/]sf]df k|fKt tYofÍsf] cfwf/df
@)&@ df sIff !–% sf] ^=!, sIff ^–* sf] ^=! / sIff (–!) sf] #=@ k|ltzt ljBfyL{n]
kf7\ok':ts kfPsf] b]lvPg . lgb]{lzsfdf kf7\ok':ts pknAw u/fpFbf sIff bf]xf]¥ofpg]
ljBfyL{ 36fO{ ljBfnonfO{ lgsf;f lbg] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{df ;f] gu/]sfn] sIff bf]xf]¥ofpg]
ljBfyL{x? ;d]tnfO{ u0fgf u/L lgsf;f ubf{ ?=% s/f]8 *& nfv a9L Jooef/ kg{ uPsf]
b]lvG5 . o;df cg'udg u/L lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 . ;dod} lgMz'Ns kf7\ok':ts pknAw
u/fpg kf7\oqmd :jLs[t u/L 5kfO{ cfb]z k7fpg] tyf 5kfO{ / ljt/0fsf] nflu ;DalGwt
lgsfonfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
140. j}slNks dfu{ – uN5L a]qfjtL #^ ls=ld= ;8s @)^( ;fndf k'g:yfkgf eO{ lgoldt
?kdf ;jf/L ;fwg ;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . j]qfjtL d}n'Ë :ofk|'j];L @* ls=ld= ;8sdWo] &
ls=ld= ;8ssf] 6«ofs vf]Ng] sfo{ ePsf] 5}g . t/ ;8s ljefun] j]qfjtL d}n'Ë :ofk|'a];L
;8ssf] 6«fs vf]Ng] afFsL sfo{ ug{ k|fyldstf glbO{ sfnf]kq] eO{ oftfoft ;~rfng
eO/x]sf] uN5Lb]lv d}n'Ë;Dd $^ ls=ld= ;8s :t/f]Gglt ug{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=#
ca{ ^$ s/f]8sf] cnu vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 .
@)&@ j}zfv !@ ut]sf] e"sDkn] l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNNffsf] tftf]kfgL gfsf ca?4
ePsfn] ;f]sf] ;§f /;'jfu9L gfsfaf6 g]kfn rLgaLrsf] låkIfLo Jofkf/ ;~rfng ePsf] 5 .
/;'jfu9L gfsfsf] ;8snfO{ tTsfn Jojl:yt agfpg ljsf; ;ldltsf] lgb]{zg ePklg pQm
;8ssf] dd{t ;Def/ Pj+ k'g:yf{kgf sfo{ gePsf]n] l;+un n]gsf] ;f] ;8s Jojl:yt ?kdf
;~rfng x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . vr{ ug]{ clVtof/Ldf ljnDa ePsf]n] cfsl:ds dd{t sfo{ dfq
ul/Psf] hjfkm sfof{non] lbPsf] 5 .
141. ;dGjosf] cefj Y sf7df8f}_ pkTosf ;8s lj:tf/ cfof]hgfcGtu{t afnfh' k'nYzf]ef
eujtLY8Nn' ;8s v08sf] ;'wf/ tyf lj:tf/sf] sfo+ ?-^ s/f]8 ## nfvsf] nfutdf
;DkGg ug]+ u/L Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;_u vl/b ;Demf}tf eO{ ?=$ s/f]8 @) nfv e'QmfgL
ePsf] 5 . ;f] sfo{ lgdf{0ffwLg /x]sf]df clwsf/ ;DkGg jfUdtL ;Eotf PsLs[t ljsf;
;ldltn] ;f]xL sfo{:yndf gbL lgoGq0f tyf 9n la5\ofpg] sfo{sf] 7]Ssf Joj:yf eO{
lgdf{0f Joj;foL kl/rflnt ePsf]n] cfof]hgfn] vl/b sfo{ cGTo u/]sf] 5 . b'O{ ;/sf/L
lgsfoaLrsf] ;dGjosf] cefjsf sf/0f 9n lgdf{0fsf nflu klxn] u/]sf sfddWo] ?=&&
nfvsf] nfutdf lgdf{0f ePsf l/6]lgË tyf l8dfs]{zg jfnsf] sfo{ eTsfO{ k'gM lgdf{0f
ug'{kg]{ cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf]n] ;f]df u/]sf] nufgL v]/ uPsf] 5 . o;y{ o:tf] sfd ug]{
lgsfonfO{ g} vr{ b'?kof]usf ;DaGwdf lhDd]jf/L agfpg' cfjZos 5 .
l8lehg ;8s sfof{no wg'iffcGtu{t afn'jf vf]nfdf ?=$ s/f]8 *$ nfvdf k'n
lgdf{0f sfo{ b'O{ jif{leq ;DkGg ug]{ u/L Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu vl/b ;Demf}tf eO{ ?=$*
nfv k]ZsL lbPsf] b]lvG5 . ;f]xL :yfgdf lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no wg'iffn] ;d]t ?=@
s/f]8 $( nfvdf k'n lgdf{0f ug{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ;Demf}tf u/L lgdf{0f sfo{
eO/x]sf] :ynut lg/LIf0fsf] qmddf b]lvof] . ;8s v08sf] Ps} :yfgdf b'O{ ;/sf/L
lgsfoaf6 cfk;df ;dGjo gu/L vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
142. ljkGg gful/s pkrf/ — :jf:Yo dGqfnocGtu{t ljkGg gful/s cf}iflw pkrf/ sf]if
lgb]{lzsf, @)&! adf]lhd ljkGg gful/snfO{ ljleGg * k|sf/sf s8f /f]u klxrfg u/L
To:tf /f]usf] pkrf/sf] nflu cfly{s ;xfotf k|bfg ug{ d'6'/f]u, d[uf}nf/f]u, SofG;/,
kfls{G;G;, cNhfOd;{, :kfO{gn OGh'/L, x]8 OGh'/L / l;Sn]; Plgldof h:tf /f]usf]
pkrf/sf nflu @)&@.&# df d'n'se/sf #( c:ktfn tf]lsPsf]df #) c:ktfnjf6 ##
gful/sx?nfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfg u/L o; jif{ ?=(( s/f]8 (# nfv e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 .
lgb]{lzsfadf]lhd clen]v g/fv]sf] sf/0f sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjtsf] oyfy{ cj:yf tyf
k|efjsfl/tf kIfsf] d"NofÍg ug{ ;Sg] cfwf/ ePg .
143. :jf:Yo aLdf — cfd gful/snfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jf ;'lglZrt ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy g]kfn
;/sf/af6 @)&!.(.@! df :jLs[t ;fdflhs :jf:Yo ;'/Iff ljsf; ;ldlt -u7g_ cfb]z
adf]lhd o; ;ldltsf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . r/0fa4 ?kdf ;a} lhNnfdf :jf:Yo aLdf nfu"
ug]{ u/L @)&@.&# df sfo{qmd klxnf] r/0fdf Onfd, s}nfnL / afUn'ª lhNnfaf6 z'? u/]sf]
5 . of] jif{ ?=$ s/f]8 *$ nfv ah]6 Joj:Yff ePsf]df sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'g g;sL
ef}lts k|ult z"Go /x]sf] 5 . nIocg';f/ k|ult xfl;n x'g'kb{5 .

Pp6} k|s[ltsf] sfo{qmd ljleGg dGqfnoaf6 ;~rfng u/]sf], sltko cfof]hgf
sfo{qmd cw'/f] /x]sf], lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yfcg'?k lgjf{rg If]q k"jf{wf/ tyf ljsf; sfo{qmd
;~rfng gePsf], 3f]if0ff ePsf sltko sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog gePsf], cfof]hgfx? aLr
;dGjo x'g g;s]sf], ef}lts lgdf{0f sfo{ geP klg lgsf;f vr{sf] cfwf/df ztk|ltzt
k|ult b]vfPsf]n] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog bIftfk"0f{ b]lvFb}g .
 lg0f{o sfof{Gjog
144. ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldlt Y ljut jif+sf] dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z ePsf
Joxf]/f pk/ ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] lbPsf] lgb]{zg ;DalGwt dGqfnon] sfo{Gjog
ug'{kb{5 . To:tf lgb]{zgx? sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf Pj+ cg'kfngf gePsf cy{ dGqfno;Fu
;DalGwt s]xL pbfx/0f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
jflif{s
;fj{hlgs n]vf;ldltsf] sf/jfxLsf]
k|ltj]bgsf] k|ltj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt Joxf]/f lg0f{o ldlt
lg0f{o cj:yf
bkmf
jflif{s k|ltj]bg – @)^( -%) cf}+ k|ltj]bg_
#%=# dlb/fsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ s/bftfn] csf]{ s/bftfnfO{ 5fglag u/L # dlxgf 2073/2/25 6'+uf] gnfu]sf]
?= ( s/f]8 $ nfv eGbf a9Lsf] laqmL b]vfPsf]df leq 6'Ëf] nufpg]
s/ ljj/0f ga'emfPsf]df 5fglag u/L nfUg]
d"\=c=s/ / cfos/ c;'n ug'{kg]{
$)=! dlb/fhGo sf/f]af/ ug]{ ! s/bftfn] !@ s/bftfnfO{ # dlxgf leq 5fglag u/L 2073/2/25 6'+uf] gnfu]sf]
? @@ nfvb]lv ?=%% nfv;Dd laqmL b]vfPsf]df ;Dk/LIf0fsf] 6'+uf] nufpg]
8]–! ljj/0f k]; u/]sf]df ;f]sf] d"No clej[l4 s/
?= @& nfv c;'n ug'{kg]{
jflif{s k|ltj]bg – @)&)-%! cf}+ k|ltj]bg_
@( /fh:j ;Íng nfut ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf j[l4 k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/ ug]{ 2073/2/24 6'+uf] gnfu]sf]
ePsf]
##=% Sofl;gf] /f]oN6L aSof}tf afkt ?= %! s/f]8 #^ ;+:s[lt ko{6g tyf 2073/2/24 6'+uf] gnfu]sf]
nfv c;'n ug'{kg]{ gful/s p8\og dGqfnon] 2073/2/25
aSof}tf /f]oN6L ^ dlxgf
leq c;'npk/ ug]{
$$ ;Da4 kIfdf ?= * s/f]8 *# nfvsf] z]o/ # dlxgfleq ;DkGg ug]{ 2073/2/24 6'+uf] gnfu]sf]
x:tfGt/0fdf nfes/ 5fglag u/L c;'n ug'{kg]{
$&=$ vfBfGgsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ps s/bftfn] ? # s/f]8 5fglag u/L # dlxgfleq 2073/2/24 6'+uf] gnfu]sf]
$^ nfv 36L laqmL b]vfPsf] ;DaGwdf vl/b 6'+uf] nufpg]
nfutdf cdfGo u/L nfUg] s/ @) k|ltztn] ?=^(
nfv c;'n ug'{kg]{
jflif{s k|ltj]bg – @)&! -%@ cf}+ k|ltj]bg_
$%=! / $ jif{sf] l;dfleq sf/afxL u/L a]?h" tyf # jif{leq ;Sg] u/L 2073/2/21 6'+uf] gnfu]sf]
$%=@ kmfOnsf] lsgf/f gnufPsf] Pj+ $ jif{leq ;+zf]lwt sfo{of]hgf agfpg]
s/ lgwf{/0fsf] cj:yfdf k"0f{tf x'g g;s]sf]
jflif{s k|ltj]bg – @)^(-%) cf}+ k|ltj]bg_
74.2 ;f]nf/ ln8nfO6df lbg gldNg] 5'6 lbO{ ?=(( nfv # dlxgfleq ;+Dk/LIf0f 2073/2/20 6'+uf] gnfu]sf]
36L /fh:jc;'n u/]sf] u/fpg]
70.4 df]afOn Aof6«L /]l8of] ¥ofs r]s/fO6/ nufotdf # dlxgfleq ;+Dk/LIf0f 2073/2/20 a]?h" ?=@& nfv
km/s b/aGbL nufO{ hfFrkf; u/]sf]n] 5'6 /fh:j u/fpg] dfq km5of}{6
?= $* nfv c;'n x'g'kg]{ ePsf]
jflif{s k|ltj]bg – @)&!-%@ cf}+ k|ltj]bg_
85.2 Po/ 6«flkms sG6«f]n;Fu ;DalGwt ;fdu|Ldf ?=%% # dlxgfleq ;+Dk/LIf0f 2073/2/19 6'+uf] gnfu]sf]
nfv z'Ns 5'6 ePsf] c;'n ug'{kg]{ u/fpg]
83.2 6]lnsd ;DaGwL h8fg ;fdu|Ldf b/aGbL km/s c;'nL u/L c;f/ 2073/2/19 a]?h" ?=$#
kf/L 36L /fh:j ?= ^$ nfv c;'n ug'{kg]{ d;fGtleq ;+=k= u/fpg] nfvsf] km5of}{6
ePsf]

ljQLo cg'zf;g sfod /fVg a]?h" km5\of}{6sf] sfo{nfO{ hjfkmb]lxtfsf ;fy
k|fyldstf lbg'kb{5 . ;fy} ;ldltn] lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] k"0f{ ?kdf oyf;doleq kl/kfngf
ug'k{ b{5 tadfq ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltdf 5nkmn u/]sf] ;fy{stf /xG5 . cGoyf /fh:j
k|zf;gdf r'xfj6 lgoGq0f ug{ sl7g x'G5 .
;+;b ;lrjfnosf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ @)&).&! df tna tyf ;'ljwf e'QmfgL ubf{
?=$) nfv 36L s/ s§L u/]sf]n] c;'n x'g' kg]{ Joxf]/f o; sfof{nosf] %@ cf} k|ltj]bgdf
;dfj]z ePsf]df @)&@.&# af6 k"/} s§L ug{ yfn]sf] hgfO{ ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltcGtu{t
pk;ldltn] @)&@.(.@! sf] lg0f{on] ldGxf u/]sf] 5 . cfos/ P]g,@)%* sf] Joj:yf eGbf
km/s lsl;dn] lg0f{o u/L jfl;Gbf k|fs[lts JolQmsf] s/ ldGxf u/L s/ bfloTjaf6 pGd'lQm
lbg ldNb}g . ctM pQm s/ ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf * adf]lhd c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] cg';'rL ! adf]lhd s"6gLlts lgof]udf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf]
j}b]lzs eQfsf] &% k|ltzt /sd s/of]Uo cfoaf6 36fO{ af‘sL /xg] /sddf cfos/ u0fgf
ug{'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . dlGqkl/ifb\n] @)^#.$.! df j}b]lzs eQf, kfl/jfl/s eQf, z}lIfs eQf,
;]6nd]G6 eQf tyf cf}ifwf]krf/ /sd ;d]tdf cfly{s jif{ @)%*.%( b]lvsf] kfl/>lds s/
5'6 lbg] tyf pk/f]St eQf, cf}ifwf]krf/ nufotsf ;'ljwfx?df nfUg] kfl/>lds s/
a/fa/sf] /sd j}b]lzs eQf nufotsf ;'ljwfx?df yk u/L e'QmfgL lbg], o;afkt nfUg]
yk /sd cy{ dGqfnon] lgsf;f lbg] / cfly{s cWofb]zdf o; ;DaGwL Joj:yf ;dfj]z
ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf]df ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] ;f]xL lg0f{onfO{ sfof{Gjog u/L ;Dk/LIf0f
u/fpg / lg0f{o /fhkqdf k|sflzt ug{ lgb]{zg lbPsf] lyof] . dlGqkl/ifb\n] sfg'gsf] Joj:yf
eGbf km/s lsl;dn] lg0f{o u/L jfl;Gbf k|fs[lts JolQmsf] s/ bfloTj ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6
Joxf]/L pGd'lQm lbg] sfd u/]sf]n] /f]lsg'kg]{ Joxf]/f dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bgdfk{mt jif]{gL
cf}+Nofpb} cfPsf] 5 . of] jif{ ## lgof]usf ljleGg txsf !^& kbflwsf/Lsf] tna tyf
j}b]lzs eQfsf] cfodf nfUg] s/dWo] ?=@ s/f]8 # nfv;d]t @)^( b]lv xfn;Dd ?=( s/f]8
*! nfv 36L s/ s§L ePsf] 5 . sfg'gadf]lhd s/ ltg'{kg]{ bfloTj ePsf JolSQn] s/
gltg]{ / s/ c;'n ug'{kg]{ ;DalGwt sfof{non] c;'n pk/ u/]sf] 5}g . sfg'gL Joa:yf
kfngfdf e]befj x'g] u/L pGd'lQm lbg ldNb}g . pSt s/ cfos/ P]gsf] bkmf !!( adf]lhd
c;'n ug'{ u/fpg'kb{5 .
145. s[lif tyf hn;|f]t ;ldlt – ;ldltn] @)&!.(.( sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ @)&# df3leq b]zsf ;a}
dfnkf]t sfof{nox?df cfw'lgs k|ljlwaf6 e"–;"rgf k|0ffnL nfu" u/L ;"rgf k|ljlwsf]
k|of]uaf6 ;]jf k|jfx ug{sf nflu cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg / gfkL sfof{nodf ;d]t of]
k|0ffnL nfu" ug{ e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf dGqfnonfO{ lgb]{zg lbPsf]df e"ld;'wf/ tyf
Joj:yfkg ljefusf] kqfg';f/ xfn;Dd !! lhNnfsf !* dfnkf]t sfof{nodf NofG8 /]leGo"
OG6/km];g P08 Dofg]hd]G6 l;:6d ;]jf nfu" eO;s]sf], yk @ lhNnfsf & dfnkf]t
sfof{nodf @)&#.&$ df ;f] ;]jf ;~rfng ul/g] / !( lhNnfsf @% dfnkf]t sfof{nodf
@)&#.&$ df ;f] ;]jf ;~rfngsf] nflu k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; ul/g] tyf afFsL lhNnf /
sfof{nodf e"–;"rgf tyf clen]v ljefuaf6 nfu" ul/Psf] sDKo'6/ k|0ffnL dfkm{t\ pQm
ljefun] g} x]g]{ u/L sfo{ eO/x]sf] Joxf]/f pNn]v 5 . xfn;Dd !# lhNnfsf @% dfnkf]t

sfof{nodf ;f] ;]jf nfu" ePsf] / afFsL ^@ lhNnfdf of] ;]jf nfu" ug{ afFsL b]lvPsf]n]
;ldltsf] lgb]{zg kfngf x'g] u/L sfo{ ;~rfng ug'{kb{5 .
146. ;'zf;g tyf cg'udg ;ldlt – ;ldltn] ;8s b'3{6gfdf cfktsfnLg p4f/, kLl8tsf] nflu
tTsfn /fxt, Ifltk"lt{ / cfjZos cGo ;xof]usf] nflu aLdfafx]s Pp6f 5'§} sf]if /
kl/rfng ;+oGq :yfkgf u/L sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg lgb]{zg lbPsf] lyof] . pQm lgb]{zg
sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yfsf ;DaGwdf ;8s ljefusf] kqaf6 lgb]{zgadf]lhdsf ljifo ;d]tnfO{
;dfj]z u/L ;8s ;'/Iff P]gsf] d:of}bf tof/ eO/x]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 . cfjZos
sfg'gL tyf ;+/rgfTds Joj:yf u/L lgb]{zgsf] sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
147. dlGqkl/ifb\sf] gLltut lg0f+o sfof+Gjog Y of] jif+ dlGqkl/ifb\af6 ef}lts k"jf+wf/ tyf
oftfoft, cy+, phf+, :jf:yo / jg tyf e"Y;_/If0f dGqfno;_u ;DalGwt !%@ gLltut
lg0f+o ePsf]df gd'gf 5gf}6sf cfwf/df k/LIf0f ubf+ lg0f+o sfof+Gjog ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf
k|d'v Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
147.1 g]kfn ;/sf/ -sfo{;Dkfbg_ lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @! adf]lhd dlGqkl/ifb\df k];
ug'{kg]{ ljifosf] ;+lIfKt Joxf]/f cGtu{t cfly{s bfloTj ;d]t :ki6 pNn]v ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
dlGqkl/ifb\n] gLltut lg0f{o ubf{ !%@ lg0f{odWo] @ ;8s of]hgfafx]s !%) lg0f{osf] cfly{s
bfloTj v'nfPsf] kfOPg . sfof{Gjog ul/g] lg0f{osf] cfly{s bfloTjsf] cfFsng / vr{ Joxf]g]{
;|f]t gv'nfpFbf lg0f{o sfof{Gjog ;'lglZrt gx'g] b]lvPsfn] lgodfjnLadf]lhd cfly{s
bfloTj olsg ug'{kb{5 .
147.2 g]kfn ;/sf/ -sfo{;Dkfbg_ lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @! adf]lhd dlGqkl/ifb\df k];
ug'{kg]{ ljifosf] ;+lIfKt Joxf]/f cGtu{t sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfo pNn]v ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
dlGqkl/ifb\af6 ePsf] lg0f{o sfof{Gjog ug{ PseGbf a9L lgsfox?sf] ;+nUgtf x'g'kg]{
cj:yfdf lgsfout lhDd]jf/Ldfq tf]sL cGt/ lgsfout ;dGjosf] Joj:yf gu/]sf] x'Fbf
lg0f{o sfof{Gjogdf sl7gfO x'g] u/]sf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu Jofkf/ / kf/jxg ;xhtfsf
lgldQ pQ/ blIf0f b'j}tkm+sf] gfsf ;~rfng tyf ;'b=9Ls/0f ug+ ?-# ca+ ^* s/f]8 nfut
cg'dfg /x]sf] uN5LYlqz'nLY:ofk|'ma];LY /;'jfu9L *@ lsnf]ld6/ ;8s :t/f]Ggltsf] nflu
# dlxgfleq hUuf k|fKt ug+ ;DalGwt lhNnfsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/LnfO{ lgb]{zg lbg], jg
If]qdf /x]sf] ?vx? sf6\g] ;DaGwdf jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnon] tTsfn cfjZos Joj:yf
ldnfpg], k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f / jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg ug]{] Joj:yf ldnfpg
lj1fg, k|ljlw tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnonfO{ lgb]{zg lbg] / cGo cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg
g]kfn ;/sf/sf ;Dk"0f{ lgsfonfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ kl/rfng ug]{ @)&@.*.!& df
dlGqkl/ifb\af6 lg0f+o ePsf] kfOof] . t/ ;dGjo ;+oGq :yflkt gx'Fbf sfo{;Dkfbgdf l9nfO
eO{ cfof]hgf sfof+Gjogsf] klxnf] jif+df lgdf+0f ;j]+If0f nufot sfo+df ?-#@ s/f]8 vr+
eO+ ( k|ltzt ef}lts k|ult xfl;n ePsf] 5 .
147.3 gful/s /fxt Ifltk"lt+ tyf cfly+s ;xfotf ;DaGwL sfo+ljlw, @)^* df /fli6\o hLjgsf
dxTjk"0f+ JolQm jf d'n'snfO+ pNn]vgLo of]ubfg k'MofPsf JolQmnfO+ s8f /f]u nfuL
:jb]zdf jf ljb]zdf uO+ pkrf/ u/fp_bf d]l8sn af]8+sf] l;kmfl/;adf]lhd k"j+/fi6\klt, k"j+
pk/fi6\klt tyf k"j+ k|wfgdGqLnfO+ !% nfv ?k}of;Dd, k"j+k|wfgGofofwLz, k"j+;efd'vsf]
nflu !) nfv ?k}of;Dd / ;flxTo, ;_uLt, snf /fhgLlt, ;fj+hlgs k|zf;g, nufot

/fli6\o hLjgsf cGo If]qdf pNn]Vo of]ubfg k'MofPsf JolQmnfO+ /f]usf] k|s=lt x]/L % nfv
?k}ofdf ga9\g] u/L cfly+s ;xfotf lbg] Joj:yf 5 . sfo+ljlwdf plNnlvt ;Ldf gf3L
d]l8sn af]8+sf] l;kmfl/;a]u/ dlGqkl/ifb\n] !) k6ssf] lg0f+odf % pRr kb:y JolQmnfO+
pkrf/ vr+afkt ?-! s/f]8 $% nfv / % JolQmnfO+ lanadf]lhdsf] cf}iflw pkrf/ Pj_
cGo vr+ ;d]t cfly+s ;xfotf pknaw u/fpg] lg0f+o u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . pkrf/ vr+
pknaw u/fp_bf sfo+ljlwsf] kfngf ug'+kb+5 .
147.4 /fli6\o ;s6 lgjf/0f tyf ljB't ljsf; bzs ;DaGwL cjwf/0ffkq / sfo+of]hgf, @)&@
df ljBdfg ljB't cfoftdf 3f6f /sd zf]wegf+ lbg] sfo+qmd cGtu+t ef/taf6 ;g\ @)!$
h'nfO+b]lv @)!% gf]e]Da/;Ddsf] ljB't cfoft u/L cfk"lt+ ubf+ x'g uPsf] gf]S;fgLafkt ?-#
ca+ (^ s/f]8 && nfv zf]wegf+ lbg] dlGqkl/ifb\sf] @)&#.#.!^ sf] lg0f+o sfof+Gjog
cj:yfsf] k/LIf0f ubf+ b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
cjwf/0ffkqdf ljB't ljt/0f k|0ffnLdf /x]sf] cTolws k|fljlws / ck|fljlws
r'xfj6 lgoGq0f ug+ ljB't ;_/If0f sfo+qmd ;~rfng ug]+ pNn]v ePsf]df n]vfk/LIf0fdf
k]; ePsf ljj/0f adf]lhd @)&@.&# df @%, @)&!.&@ df @$ / @)&).&! df @$
k|ltzt k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0f gf]S;fgL b]lvPsf] 5 . ljZjsf] cf};t ljB't r'xfj6 * k|ltzt
/x]sf] / dWod cfo ePsf d'n'ssf] cf};t r'xfj6 !) k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . /fHosf] pmhf+
;_s6 lgjf/0f ug]+ ;Gbe+df ljB't k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0fdf x'g] k|fljlws / ck|fljlws r'xfj6
lgoGq0f x'g'kb+5 .
 nf]8;]l8F a9\g glbg ef/taf6 ljB't cfk"lt+ ug]+ / gf]S;fgL g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn
ljB't k|flws/0fnfO+ zf]wegf+ lb__b} cfPsf] 5 . k|flws/0fn] of] jif+ ! ca+ &( s/f]8
o'lg6 ljB't ?-%.%! b]lv ?-*.&@ k|lt o'lg6sf b/n] vl/b u/L ;f]df @% k|ltzt
r'xfj6afkt $$ s/f]8 ^* nfv o'lg6 ljB't gf]S;fgL stf u/L af_sL ! ca+ #$ s/f]8
o'lg6sf] k|lto'lg6 ?-*.)$ b/n] laqmL ubf+ ?-# ca+ (^ s/f]8 gf]S;fg ePsf] 5 . dfu
bfaL u/]sf]df sfo+of]hgfdf plNnlvt gLltadf]lhd pmhf+ dGqfnon] vl/b b/ / ljqmL
b/sf] km/s /sdaf6 kg]+ 3f6f lgSof}+n u/L zf]wegf+sf nflu dlGqkl/ifb\df
k7fpg'kg]+df k|flws/0faf6 ePsf] r'xfj6 / ;~rfng [k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0f{ 3f6f ;d]t
;dfj]z u/L @% k|ltzt gf]S;fgL zf]wegf+sf nflu k|:tfj k]; u/]sf] b]lvof] . o;af6
sfo+of]hgfdf plNnlvt gLltsf] kfngf geO+ ljB't k|;f/0f / ljt/0f gf]S;fgL ;d]t
z]o/ nufgL u/L zf]wegf+ lbPsf] 5 .
 h'nfO+ @)!$ b]lv dfr+ @)!% ;Dd ($ s/f]8 (& nfv o'lg6 ljB't cfoft u/]sf]df
@% k|ltztn] x'g] @# s/f]8 &$ nfv o'lg6 gf]S;fgL b]vfPsf] kfOof] . k|flws/0fsf]
@)&!.&@ sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] pQm cjlwsf] v'b k|0ffnL 3f6f @$-$$
k|ltztn] x'g] @# s/f]8 @! nfv o'lg6sf] gf]S;fgL bfaL gu/L @% k|ltztn] @# s/f]8
&$ nfv o'lg6sf] bfaL ubf+ %# nfv o'lg6sf] ?-*.)$ sf] b/n] ?-$ s/f]8 @* nfv
a9L zf]wegf+ x'g uPsf] b]lvof] .
147.5 dlGqkl/ifb\sf] @)&#.#.!^ sf] lg0f+odf cfOGbf ljB't gf]S;fgLafkt yk /sd glbg] /
ljB'tsf] d"No tTsfn ;dfof]hg ug]+ zt+ /fvL cy+ dGqfnodfkm+t zf]wegf+ lbPsf] b]lvG5 .

pmhf+ dGqfnon] l8;]Da/ @)!% b]lv cui6 @)!^ ;Ddsf] o:t} k|s=ltsf] gf]S;fgL ?-# ca+
@^ s/f]8 #* nfv zf]wegf+ u/fpg cy+ dGqfnodf l;kml/; u/]sf]n] k|flws/0fnfO+
o;k|sf/sf] yk /sd glbg] dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f+o ljk/Lt l;kmfl/; ug+' plrt xf]Og .
147.6 jg P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf ^*[!{ df /fli6\o k|fyldstf k|fKt of]hgf ;~rfng ug+
jftfj/0fdf pNn]vgLo k|lts"n c;/ gkg]+ ePdf jgsf] s'g} efu k|of]u ug+ :jLs=lt
lbg;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . of] jif+ !$ hnljB't cfof]hgfnfO+ #$)-*! x]S6/ jgIf]qsf] hUuf
k|of]u ug+ lbg] dlGqkl/ifb\af6 ljleGg ldltdf lg0f+o ePcg';f/ oL cfof]hgfx?nfO+ jgIf]q
k|of]u ug+ lb_bf jftfj/0fLo k|efj Go"gLs/0fsf] pkfo, jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgf kfngf,
cfof]hgfn] cf]u6]sf] If]qkmn a/fa/ ;tf egf+ x'g] u/L lghL hUuf vl/b ul/lbg], x6fOPsf]
?vsf] !M@% cg'kftsf b/n] jg sfof+non] tf]s]sf] :yfgdf j=If/f]k0f ug]+ / ;f]sf] cg'udg
If]qLo lgb]+zssf] ;_of]hsTjdf % ;b:oLo cg'udg ;ldltaf6 x'g] elgP klg cg'udg
k|efjsf/L b]lvPg . dWodf~rn If]qLo jg lgb]+zgfnon]] x]6f}_8fYab+3f6 @@) s] -eL-, Ps
xfO8\f]kfj/ / Ps bz+g k|f-ln-nfO+ lbPsf] ef]uflwsf/ ;DaGwdf cg'udg u/L lbPsf]
;'emfjdf s'g} sf/afxL ePsf] kfOPg .
148. ;lGw ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog – g]kfn kIf eO{ x:tfIf/ ePsf cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw, cle;lGw,
OR5fwLg cfn]vx? ;+;baf6 cg'df]bg ePkl5 /fhkqdf k|sfzg eO{ nfu" x'g] Joj:yf 5 .
hg;+Vof tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnosf] sfo{If]q;Fu ;DalGwt ;lGw ;D´f}tf Pj+ OR5fwLg
cfn]vsf] sfof{Gjog cj:yf ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5M
148.1 ax'kIfLo jftfj/0fLo ;Demf}tfsf] k|fjwfgdf ePsf] Joj:yf tyf g]kfn hnjfo' kl/jt{g
;xfotf sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu #) clk|n @)!@ df cfof]hgf ;~rfng ;ldltn]
Go"g sfj{g ljsf; /0fgLlt th'{df ug{ ?=% s/f]8 #$ nfvsf] nfut cg'dfg tyf sfo{qmd
:jLs[t u/L j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|dfk{mt sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] kfOof] .
j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|af6 ;f] /0fgLlt dGqfno dfk{mt @)&!.#.@ df dlGqkl/ifb\df k]z
ePsf]df kfl/t ePsf] 5}g . Go"g sfj{g pT;h{gnfO{ k|f]T;fxg u/L :jR5 pmhf{sf] pkof]u
j[l4 ug{] /0fgLlt sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg'kb{5 .
148.2 ;g\ !((* df x:tIf/ ePsf] hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ;+/rgf dxf;lGw
Sof]6f] k|f]6f]sncg';f/ æg]kfn hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;xfotf sfo{qmdÆ ;~rfng ug{ g]kfn
;/sf/ / o'/f]lkog o'lgog tyf l8lkm8aLr !) hgj/L @)!) df :6ln{Ë kfp08 !$=^
ldlnogsf] ;Demf}tf ePsf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmd @)!@ af6 z'? eO{ @)!^ df ;DkGg ePsf]
5 . ;f] sfo{qmddf ?=! ca{ !% s/f]8 *# nfv -;Demf}tf /sdsf] $(=(#Ü_ dfq vr{ ePsf]
5.
dxf;lGwsf] k|fjwfgcg';f/ hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 k/]sf] k|efj Go"gLs/0f ug{ / To;df
cg's'ng xfl;n ug{ k|fKt ePsf] ;xof]u /sd k"0f{ Ifdtfsf ;fy vr{ x'g ;s]sf] kfOPg .
cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw ;Demf}tf nfdf] ;do;Dd cg'df]bg gx'g], cg'df]bg ePsf ;lGwsf]
k|fjwfgcg'?k sfof{Gjog gx'g], ;lGw k|zf;g ug{] cGt/f{li6«o lgsfo;Fusf] ;dGjosf]
cefjdf k|fKt x'g;Sg] k|fljlws ;xof]u pkof]u x'g g;Sg] tyf ;lGwsf] k|fjwfg jdf]lhd
tof/ ug'{kg{] cfjlws tyf lgwf{l/t k|ltj]bg ;dod} gjGg] h:tf cj:yf b]lvPsf]n] ;'wf/
ug'{kb{5 .
149. lgMz'Ns xjfO{ l6s6 tyf le;f – >d tyf /f]huf/ dGqfnosf /fHodGqL:t/sf]
lg0f{oadf]lhd @)&@.#.@! b]lv lgMz'Ns xjfO{ l6s6 tyf eL;f Joj:yf nfu" x'g] pNn]v 5 .
;f] lg0f{ocg';f/ jx/fOg, stf/, ;fpbL c/a, ;+o'Qm c/a Old/]6\;, cf]dg, s'j]t /
dn]l;ofsf] nflu /f]huf/bftf sDkgLn] le;f vr{, cft]hft] xjfO l6s6 lgMz'Ns pknAw
u/fO{ ;f] afkt nfUg] k|j{4g vr{ tyf ;]jf z'Ns afkt ?=!) xhf/;Dd j}b]lzs /f]huf/
sDkgLn] lng kfpg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .
o; ;DaGwdf j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ljefujf6 k|fKt @ jif{sf] tYof+s ljZn]if0f ubf{ ;f]
gLlt nfu" x'g'k"j{sf] cjlwdf & d'n'sdf >d ljefun] Ohfhtjfnf sDkgLx?nfO{ !# nfv
&) xhf/ %&) sfdbf/ k7fpg k"j{:jLs[lt lbPsf]df % nfv @ xhf/ #)& sfdbf/ cyf{t\
#^=^$ k|ltztn] clGtd :jLs[lt kfPsf 5g\ . ;f] gLlt nfu" ePkl5 -@)&@.@.#) b]lv
@)&#.#.#!_ sf] !@ nfv $& xhf/ ^#@ sfdbf/sf] nflu k"j{:jLs[lt lbPsf]df # nfv **
xhf/ $#) cyf{t\ #!=!# k|ltzt sfdbf/n] ljb]z hfg] cg'dlt kfPsf 5g\ . ;+VofTds
?kdf ljZn]if0f ubf{ gLlt nfu" eP kZrft\ :jLs[lt k|fKt ug]{ sfdbf/sf] ;+Vof cl3Nnf] ;f]xL
cjlwsf] t'ngfdf ! nfv @@ xhf/ (#* 36L /x]sf] 5 .
Go"g z'Nssf sf/0f Ohfhtjfnf ;+:yfx?n] sfdbf/sf] sf]6f sd lng] tyf k|fKt
sfdbf/sf] sf]6f ;d]tdf ck|ToIf ?kdf a9L /sd lng] kl/l:ylt /x]af6 k|efjsf/L ?kdf
sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o;sf nflu ;DalGwt d'n's;Fu ;f]xL cjwf/0fcg'?k >d
;Demf}tf ug'{ h?/L b]lvPsf] ;fy} sfdbf/sf] ph'/L u'gf;f] Joj:yfkgnfO{ yk ;/n /
Jojl:yt agfpg' cfjZos 5 .
 cg'udg
150. ;DaGwg k|lqmof – k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnd kl/ifb\ P]g, @)$% tyf lgodfjnL,
@)%! cg';f/ k|fljlws lzIffno ;~rfng ug{ c:yfoL :jLs[lt lbg], :yfoL :jLs[lt lbg], /
:jLs[lt /2 ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . ;DaGwgsf] nflu kl/ifb\n] cfXjfg ug]{ / ;f]cg';f/ k|fKt
k|:tfjsf] cWoog d"NofÍg u/L kl/ifb\af6 ;+:yfnfO{ ;DaGwg lbg] glbg] lg0f{o x'g] Joj:yf
5 . k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ tflndsf nflu ljleGg ljifosf ! xhf/ !)& ;+:yf btf{ ePsf]
dWo] @)&#.&$ df $%& ;+:yfsf] dfq gjLs/0f ePsf] 5 . ;DaGwg :jLs[ltdf l9nfO x'g]
u/]sf] / ;DaGwg :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]kl5 kfngf ug'{kg]{ cfrf/;+lxtf, sfo{ljlw, dfu{bz{g cflb
kl/ifb\n] :jLs[t u/L sfof{Gjog u/]sf] 5}g . ;DaGwgcg';f/ sfo{ ;~rfng eP gePsf]
cg'udg d"NofÍg ug{ sfo{ljlw, ;"rs, dfu{bz{g tof/ u/]sf] 5}g .
kl/ifb\sf] lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] lgod !( df c:yfoL :jLs[lt k|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ @
jif{leq :yfoL :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]df xfn s'g}klg ;+:yfnfO{ :yfoL ;DaGwg glbO{ c:yfoL
;DaGwgsf] gjLs/0f ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;DaGwgsf] nflu cfXjfg ePsf k|:tfj pk/ 5fglag
u/L ;DaGwg lbg] sfo{ ;dodf 6'+uf] nufpg], kl/ifb\n] ;DaGwg k|fKt lgsfox?sf] clen]v
Jojl:yt u/L btf{, gjLs/0f, ;~rfng cj:yf, yk sfo{qmdsf] :jLs[lt cflb v'Ng] u/L
clen]v cBfjlws ug]{ / kfngf ug'{kg]{ cfrf/;+lxtf, sfo{ljlw, dfu{bz{g tof/ u/L nfu"
ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5 .

151. ;+:yfut z'Ns – lqe'jg ljZjljBfno ;+u7g tyf z}lIfs k|zf;g;DaGwL lgod, @)%)
cg';f/sf] k|lqmof k'¥ofPsf] cj:yfdf ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;DaGwg lbg ;lsg] Joj:yf 5 .
lrlsT;fzf:q cWoog ;+:yfgcGtu{tsf !% sn]hnfO{ :yfoL tyf c:yfoL ;DaGwg
lbPsf]df ;Demf}tfcg';f/ ^–^ dlxgfdf ljQLo ljj/0f k]; ug]{ Joj:yf ePsf]df tL sn]hn]
k]; u/]sf 5}gg\ . 5fglag ;ldltn] ( sn]haf6 ?=* s/f]8 $! nfv ;+:yfut z'Ns
a'emfpg afFsL /x]sf] k|ltj]bg k]; u/] kZrft\ tfs]tf ubf{ ;d]t ;+:yfut z'Ns k|fKt u/]sf]
b]lvPg . ;+:yfut z'Ns bflvnf gug]{nfO{ cfjZos sf/afxL x'g'kb{5 .
152. cf}iflw k;n cg'udg — cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefun] cf}iflw P]g, @)#% cg';f/ cf}iflw k;nx?
btf{, tflnd k|fKt JolQmaf6 k;n ;~rfng, Dofb gf3]sf / lgMz'Ns cf}iflwx? laqmL ljt/0f
eP gePsf nufotsf ljifodf cg'udg lg/LIf0f ug]{ u/]sf] 5}g . cf}iflw Joj:yf
ljefuaf6 of] jif{ s'n cf}iflw k;n * xhf/ !%@ dWo] ! xhf/ *@) k;n lg/LIf0f ug]{
nIo tf]lsPsf]df ! xhf/ *@# k;nsf] lg/LIf0f u/]sf] 5 . tL cf}iflw k;ndWo] !#$ aGb
u/fPsf] / $! k;n lgnDag u/L PsnfO{ sf/afxLsf] nflu ljefu k7fPsf] 5 .
ljefuaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ lgoldt tyf ph'/Lsf cfwf/df ! xhf/ *@# cf}iflw
k;nsf] cg'udg ubf{ !#* k;n btf{ gePsf], @^% k;ndf Joj;foL cg'kl:yt /x]sf], ^&
k;nn] btf{ gePsf cf}iflw a]r]sf], !%^ k;nn] nfu" tyf dgf]2Lk cf}iflwsf] clen]v
g/fv]sf], @ k;nn] EoflS;g plrt tfkqmddf ;~ro gu/]sf], $^ k;ndf Dofb gf3]sf]
cf}iflw klg ;~ro u/]sf], * k;nn] lrlsT;ssf gd'gf / lgMz'Ns a]Rg'kg]{ cf}iflw ;~ro
u/]sf] / %^ k;nsf] k|df0fkq gjLs/0f gePsf] l:ylt 5 .
cg'udgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg btf{ ePsf cf}iflw k;nx?sf] cg'kftdf cg'udg
ug]{ hgzlQm Go"g ePsf]n] cfjZos b/aGbLsf] Joj:yf ug'k{ b{5 . cfw'lgs k|ljlwo'Qm
k|of]uzfnf :yfkgf ug]{, ;dofg's"n tflndsf] Joj:yfsf ;fy} cf}iflw;+u ;DalGwt sfg'g
sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfox?aLr ;dGjo ug'{kg]{, ljBdfg P]g lgodsf lgoGq0f kIfnfO{ Wofgdf
/fvL cfjZos kl/dfh{g ug'{ h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 .
153. :jf:Yo ;+:yf cg'dlt Pj+ ;~rfng — :jf:Yo dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ *%&
c:ktfn ;~rfngdf /x]sf] dWo] :jf:Yo ;+:yf :yfkgf, ;~rfng tyf :t/f]Gglt dfkb08,
@)&) sf] k|fjwfgadf]lhd #^& lghL Pj+ ;fd'bflos tyf ;xsf/L c:ktfnnfO{ ;~rfng
cg'dlt k|bfg u/]sf]df % c:ktfn aGb ePsf] / afFsL #^@ c:ktfnsf] ;~rfng cg'dltsf]
Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] b]lvG5 . gjLs/0f gu/fO{ ;~rfngdf /x]sf o:tf c:ktfnn] pknAw
u/fpg] ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/, lng] ;]jf z'Ns, pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ lgMz'Ns pkrf/ ;]jf Pj+ h]i7
gful/snfO{ pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ ;'ljwf nufotsf kIfdf cg'udg u/L ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
154. vfB u'0f:t/ – cfd gful/snfO{ vfB kbfy{ / ;f] ;_u ;DalGwt k|ljlw pk/ u'0f:t/
cfZj:ttf k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] vfB u'0f:t/ lgodg tyf lg/LIf0f k|df0fLs/0f P]g, @)@# /
bfgf P]g, @)## cg'?k u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f / ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ lhDd]jf/L vfB k|ljlw tyf
u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f ljefudf /x]sf] 5 . bfgfdf x'g] ld;fj6, vfB k|ljlwsf] sdhf]/:t/, xf]6n
/]i6'/]G6 tyf ld7fO{ k;nx?af6 pkef]QmfnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] kbfy{df cvfB j:t'sf]
ld;fj6, Gog:t/ tyf b'lift vfBsf] k|of]u, :jR5tf / kf]if0fsf] cgle1tf h:tf ;d:ofnfO{
ljefun] k"0f{?kn] cg'udgdf Nofpg g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . ljefuLo k|ltj]bg cg';f/

@)&@.&# df sf7df8f}+df u/]sf] %%! gd"gf ;Íngdf !)% k|lts"n gd"gf b]lvPaf6 ;ts{
/xg'kg]{ l:ylt b]lvPsf]n] o;tkm{ sfg"gL sf/afxLnfO{ ;zQm ;d]t agfpg'kg]{ cj:yf 5 .
 lgdf{0f sfo{sf] u'0f:t/

155. gx/df Iflt – l;S6f l;_rfO cfof]hgfsf] d"ngx/ tyf gx/df kg]{ ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{
@)&!.!@.% df ;DkGg eO{ @ jif{sf] q'l6 ;Rofpg] cjlw z'? ePsf] 5 . pQm sfdsf] nflu
?=@ ca{ $! nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . pQm sfo{sf] k/LIf0f ug]{ qmddf @)&# cfiff9 !# df
lemem/L vf]nf PlSj8S6sf] bfofF efusf] aflx/L :nf]ksf] gx/ nfOlgË Pj+ ;f];Fu}sf]
eL=cf/=aL=sf] pQ/tkm{sf] jfn ;d]t elTsg uPsf] lyof] . ;f] ;DaGwdf l;FrfO dGqfnon]
5fglag ;ldlt u7g u/]sf]df pQm ;ldltn] PlSj8S6, 6«flGh;g / nfOlgËsf] aLrdf /x]sf]
hf]gL{x?dWo] Ps jf PseGbf a9L hf]gL{df /fd|f] tl/sfn] l;n tyf jf6/ :6k /fVg q'l6 x'g
uPsf] pNn]v 5 . pQm gx/sf] :ynut lg/LIf0f ubf{ 6lkm{g pKs]sf], hf]gL{df l;n gnfu]sf],
;fO8 jfn yk hf]lvddf k/]sf]], gx/sf] ;+/rgf rs]{sf], 9nfg tyf :6«Sr/sf] cGo If]qdf
;d]t dd{t ug'{kg]{ cj:yfdf /x]sf] kfOof] . q'l6k"0f{ sfo{ ug]{nfO{ cfjZos sf/afxL u/L
dd{t tyf k'gM lgdf{0f u/]/ gx/ oyfzL3| ;~rfngdf Nofpg'kb{5 .
156. u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f - ;fj+hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ([@{ df nfut cg'dfg
tof/ ubf+ u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f ;d]t 5'§} cfO+6d agfO+ nfut cg'dfgdf ;dfj]z ug+'kg]+ /
lgod !!![!{ [F{ df u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f ug]+ Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ hn pTkGg k|sf]k lgoGq0f
ljefu / l;FrfO ljsf; l8lehg, emfkf ;d]t $ lgsfon] ?-@# s/f]8 ^& nfvsf] lgdf{0f
;Demf}tf u/]sf]df ?-#$ nfv u'0f:t/ k/LIf0fafkt e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf sltko
lgdf+0f sfo+sf] nfut cg'dfgdf u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f cfO6d ;dfj]z u/]sf] kfOPg eg]
pkef]Qmfdfkm+t x'g] lgdf+0f sfo+df k|of]u ePsf lgdf+0f ;fdu|L nufot lgdf+0f sfo+sf]
u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f x'g] u/]sf] ;d]t kfOPg .
157. Go"g u'0f:t/ – l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, sf7df8f}+ @ cGtu{tsf] 6f]vf–u'h'{e~HofË–5x/]
;8s cGtu{t sfnf]kq] ePsf] & ls=ld= ;8ssf] &% k|ltzteGbf a9L efu lalu|Psf] 5 .
6«flkms 3gTj sd /x]sf], k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] c;/ gk/]sf] ;8s sfnf]kq] ePsf] b'O{ jif{ klg
geO{ lau|]sf]n] pQm lgdf{0f sfo{ u'0f:t/Lo b]lvPg .
 cfGtl/s Joj:yfkg
158. lgjf{rg vr{ – :yfgLo txsf] @)&$.!.#!df x'g] lgjf{rgsf] nflu lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ ?=!)
ca{ @( s/f]8 lgsf;f ePsf] 5 . o;sf] cltl/Qm ;'/Iff nufot cGo ;/sf/L lgsfox?n]
5'§f5'§} vr{ ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . oL lgsfox?n] cf–cfˆgf] lsl;dn] dfkb08 / gD;{ agfO{ vr{
ug]{ gu/]sf]n] vr{df Ps?ktf sfod x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ljutsf lgjf{rgx'Fbf ljleGg
kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ sfg'gn] Joj:yf gu/]sf ljleGg lsl;dsf ;'ljwf e'QmfgL lbOPsf] lyof] .
lgjf{rg;_u ;DalGwt vl/b k|lqmofsf] sfo+ljlw agfO+ nfu" ug'+kg]+ / ljleGg k|sf/sf eQf,
vfhf, vfgf, s/f/ Pj_ sfhdf sfo+/t sd+rf/L / ;'/IffsdL+;_u ;DalGwt vr+df ;fwg
;|f]tsf] cefj tyf bf]xf]/f]kgf x'g glbg Pj+ vr{df Ps?ktf sfod ug{ PsLs[t dfkb08
tyf gD;{ agfO{ lgjf{rg vr{ Jojl:yt ug{ dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg, @)&! df pNn]v
ul/Psf] lyof] . ctM o:tf vr{ ;DaGwdf cfjZos dfkb08 agfO{ ;Da4 lgsfox?åf/f vr{
Jojl:yt ug'{ h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 .
;fy} o; cufl8sf lgjf{rgdf k|of]u ul/Psf ;jf/L;fwg Pj+ pks/0f nufot
k|of]udf Nofpg ldNg] cGo lgjf{rg ;fdu|L :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgdf pkof]udf NofOg'kb{5 .
159. 6«flkms Joj:yfkg – lbg k|ltlbg a9\b} uPsf] zx/Ls/0f, ;jf/L rfk, ;Lldt tyf ;fF3'/f
;8s Pj+ ;8s cg'zf;gsf] pNn+3g h:tf k|j[lQnfO{ lgoGq0f / Jojl:yt ug{ 6«flkms
Joj:yfkg ;xh, ;/n / k|efjsf/L x'g'k5{ . ljz]ifu/L sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] yfkfynL, jNv',
sn+sL, sf]6]Zj/, uf}zfnf, rfjlxn, dxf/fhu~h / jfnfh' rf]ssf] 6«flkms ;d:of hl6n
aGb} uPsf] 5 . k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ tL rf]sdf laxfg ( b]lv !! ah] / a]n'sf $ b]lv ^
ah];Dd !% ldg]6b]lv ! 306f #) ldg]6;Dd ;jf/L /f]lsg' k/]sf] 5 . o;af6 Psflt/
;j{;fwf/0fn] b}lgs ?kdf ;d:of ef]Ug' kl//x]sf] 5 eg] csf{]lt/ w'Fjf, w'nf] / Wjlg k|b"if0fn]
jftfj/0fdf uDeL/ c;/ k/]sf] 5 . pkTosfdf 6«flkms Joj:yfkg ug{ @)^# ;fnb]lv @#
OsfO{df ! xhf/ *% b/aGbL;lxt dxfgu/Lo 6«flkms k|x/L /x]sf]df ;jf/L ;fwgsf] rfksf]
sf/0f c:yfoL ?kdf !% OsfO{ :yfkgf u/L #* OsfO{df sfhdf /x]sf !!% ;d]t ! xhf/
@)) hgzlQm /x]sf] 5 .
pkTosfsf] ;8ssf] nDafO{ ! xhf/ %(% lsnf]dL6/ / afUdtL c~rndf btf{
;jf/L;fwg ( nfv @# xhf/ /x]sf] cfwf/df Ps 6«flkms k|x/Lsf] sfo{ If]qdf *%)
;jf/L;fwg / !=$^ lsnf]dL6/;Ddsf] ;jf/L Joj:yfkg ug'{kg{] b]lvG5 . ;jf/L ;fwgsf]
rfkcg';f/ pQm hgzlQm Go"g /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . o;}u/L :jrflnt 6«flkms Joj:yfkg
k|efjsf/L x'g g;Sbf k|To]s rf]sdf kof{Kt 6«flkms k|x/L v6fpg'kb{5 . ;fy} :jrflnt
ljB'tLo pks/0f k|of]u tyf Joj:yfkgdf ;d]t hf]8 lbg' h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 .
hg;+Vof, ;jf/Lrfk, cJojl:yt 6«flkms nfO6, ;jf/L lzIffsf] sdL, ;8ssf]
b'/fj:yf, hgzlQmsf] Go"gtf, k|efjsf/L cg'udgsf] sdL cflb sf/0fn] 6«flkms Joj:yfkg
hl6n x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . kof{Kt hgzlQm, k'/fgf ;jf/L ;fwgsf] lj:yfkg, 7"nf ;fj{hlgs
;jf/L cfjfudgsf] Joj:yf, Jojl:yt 6«flkms nfO6 / ;L=;L=6L=eL=, lgdf{0f dGqfno /
6«flkms k|x/Lsf] ;dGjo Pj+ k|efjsf/L cg'udgsf] Joj:yf u/L 6«flkms hfdnfO{ Jojl:yt
ug{ clt cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 .
160. lzIfs b/aGbL – lqe'jg ljZjljBfnocGtu{t #* s]Gb|Lo ljefudWo] !# ljefusf]
tYofÍcg';f/ s'n ljBfyL{ ;+Vof ! xhf/ $#& /x]sf]df k|fWofkssf] ;+Vof !&^ hgf /x]sf] 5
eg] lzIfsx?nfO{ jflif{s tna eQfdf ?=* s/f]8 $$ nfv vr{ ePsf] 5 . lzIfs ljBfyL{
cg'kft !M* /x]sf] 5 eg] k|ltljBfyL{ nfut ?=%( xhf/ kg{ uPsf] 5 . ljZjljBfnodf
ljBfyL{ ;+Vof k|To]s jif{ 36\b} uPsf] 5 . Oltxf;, e"uf]n, ;+:s[lt, efiff h:tf ljifodf
ljBfyL{sf] ;+Vof sd x'Fb} uO/x]sf], k|df0fkq tx x6fOPkl5 ToxfF cWofkg ug]{ lzIfsx? cGo
lgsfodf ;dfof]hg ug{ g;s]sf], ljifout lzIfsx? k|To]s jif{ lgo'lQm ul/Ptfklg ;f]xL
cg'kftdf ljBfyL{ egf{ x'g] gu/]sf] h:tf sf/0fn] lzIfs ljBfyL{ cg'kft 36\b} uPsf]n]
b/aGbL ldnfg ul/g'kb{5 .
161. 3f6fdf ;~rfng — lzIf0f c:ktfnsf] lgoldt sfo{qmdtkm{ cfDbfgL / lgsf;f ;d]t ?=!
ca{ $$ s/f]8 $^ nfv ePsf]df ?=! ca{ $* s/f]8 $) nfv vr{ u/L ?=# s/f]8 ($
nfv / kmfd]{;Ltkm{ ?=&@ nfv Go"g ePsf] ;d]t ?=$ s/f]8 ^^ nfv Go"g b]vfOPsf] 5 .
ah]6sf] ;LdfnfO{ Wofg glbPsf], vl/b of]hgfa]u/ bfloTj l;h{gf x'g] u/L vr{ u/]sf] /
?=#) s/f]8 %$ nfv ah]6 g3fO{ vr{ u/]sf]n] c:ktfn gf]S;fgLdf ;~rfng ePsf] b]lvof] .
162. tnaL k|ltj]bg – lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf & adf]lhd dGqfno, ;lrjfno, cfof]u
/ ljefu tyf pkTosfleq /x]sf sfof{nodf sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lghfdtL
lstfavfgf / lhNnfl:yt sfof{nosf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;DalGwt sf]if tyf n]vf
lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 tnaL k|ltj]bg kfl/t gu/fO{ tna v'jfpg gx'g] Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{
!$ dGqfno cGtu{tsf $% lgsfon] tnaL k|ltj]bg kfl/t gu/fO{ ?=! ca{ & s/f]8 **
nfv tna vr{ n]v]sf 5g\ . tnaL k|ltj]bg kfl/t u/fO{ vr{ n]Vg'kb{5 .
ljQLo ;'zf;gsf] nflu cfGtl/s lgoGq0fsf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . k|efjsf/L
cfGtl/s lgoGq0fsf nflu k|To]s lgsfo k|d'vn] cfk"m / cGtu{tsf lgsfoaf6 ;Dkfbg
ul/g] sfo{ ldtJooL, bIf / k|efjsf/L 9uaf6 ;Dkfbg ug{ cf–cfkgf] sfdsf] k|s[ltcg';f/
cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnL tof/ u/L nfu" ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnL
sdhf]/ ePsf]n] clgoldt vr{df j[l4 ePsf] 5 . cfly{s sf/f]af/ tyf ef}lts ;Dkltsf]
cg'udg Pj+ lg/LIf0f ug]{, n]vf cBfjlws /fVg], k|ltj]bg ug]{, lgoGq0f jftfj/0f :yflkt
ug]{ / ;"rgf k|jfx Jojl:yt ug]{ sfo{ x'g g;s]sf]n] o;df ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
 ljB't pTkfbg Pj+ ljt/0f

163. ljB't k|;f/0f nfOg – ljB't P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf @! adf]lhd pTkfbsn] pTkfbg u/]sf]
ljB't Psd'i6 laqmL ug{ rfx]df /fli6«o u|L8df ;dfj]z x'g] u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] vl/b ug{
u/fpg ;Sg]] Joj:yf 5 . k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ @)^%÷!)÷!# b]lv xfn;Dd ## s]=eL= b]lv
$)) s]=eL= sf] ljB't 6«fG;ld;g nfOgsf] ;j]{ ug{sf] nflu !)& sDkgLnfO{ nfO;]G; k|bfg
u/]sf] 5 . To:t} ljB't pTkfbg ug{ lghL sDkgL @) / g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fnfO{ #^ ;d]t
%^ ljB't sDkgLaf6 /fli6«o lu|8df hf]8\g tyf cfkm}n] ljt/0f sfo{ ug{ nfO;]G; lbPsf] 5 .
t/ /fi6«JofkL ?kdf pTkflbt ljB't /fli6«o lu|8df hf]8\g /fli6«o ljB't k|;f/0f nfOgsf]
Joj:yf / :ki6 gLlt ;d]t gePsf] x'Fbf sltko ljB't pTkfbgsf] nfO;]G; lnPsf ljB't
sDkgLn] pTkfbg ug{ cfn6fn u/]sf], ljB't pTkfbg ul/;s]sf $) d]ufjf6sf] vfgLvf]nf,
$=#^ d]ufjf6sf] t'u'g 7f]:g]vf]nf / @ d]ufjf6sf] vfgLvf]nf hnljB't sDkgLsf] /fli6«o
lu|8df h8fg gePsf] x'Fbf k"0f{?kdf ljB't vl/b ge} ljB't v]/ uPsf] cj:yf 5 .
164. cg'dltkq /2 – ljB't P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_ df cg'dlt k|flKtsf] nflu
k/]sf] b/vf:tdf cfjZos hfFra'em u/L ljB'tsf] ;j]{If0f cg'dltkqsf] xsdf tL; lbgleq
/ pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0f cg'dltkqsf] xsdf Ps ;o aL; lbgleq cg'dltkq lbg'kg]{
Joj:yf 5 . xfn;Dd !$# sDkgLn] ;j]{ nfO{;]G;sf] nflu lgj]bg lbPsf]df (^ nfO{ / !!&
sDkgLn] # xhf/ #$! d]ufjf6 ljB't pTkfbgsf] nflu lgj]bg lbPsf]df !)) sDkgLnfO{ @
xhf/ #(& d]ufjf6 ljB't pTkfbg ug{ :jLs[lt lbPsf] 5 . afFsLnfO{ :jLs[lt / vf/]hL gu/L
k|lqmofdf /x]sf] egL lgj]bg oyfl:yltdf /fv]sf] kfOof] . k|fKt lgj]bg pk/ cWoog u/L
cg'dlt k|bfg ug]{ / k|lqmof gk'u]sf lgj]bgnfO{ vf/]h u/L cg'dlt k|bfg k|lqmofnfO{
Jojl:yt agfpg'kb{5 .

165. /f]oN6L c;'nL – ljB't P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf !! df cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] hnljB'tsf]
Jofkfl/s pTkfbg z'? u/]sf] kGw| jif{;Dd k|lt hl8t lsnf]jf6 jflif{s Ps ;o ?k}ofF, k|lt
o'lg6 -lsnf]jf6 306f_ ;/b/ laqmL d"Nosf] b'O{ k|ltztsf b/n] / plNnlvt cjlwkl5
cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] k|lt hl8t lsnf]jf6 jflif{s Ps xhf/ ?k}ofF / k|lt o'lg6
-lsnf]jf6 306f_ ;/b/ laqmL d"Nosf] b; k|ltztsf b/n] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ /f]oN6L
a'emfpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;f] cfwf/df ljB't ljsf; ljefun] %! hn ljB't cfof]hgfaf6
pTkflbt / hl8t Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df @)&!÷&@ sf] p7\g afFsL /fh:j ;d]t ?= ! ca{ ^%
s/f]8 #^ nfv /x]sf]df of] jif{ ?=! ca{ %* s/f]8 $$ nfv c;'n e} ?=( s/f]8 !% nfv
c;'n ug{ afFsL 5 . tLg jif{ l9nf] u/L /f]oN6L bflvnf ubf{ s'g} Aofh tyf hl/afgf nufPsf]
b]lvPg . /f]oN6Lafktsf] /fh:j l9nf] a'emfpg] sDkgLnfO{ Aofh tyf hl/afgf nufpg
sfg'gL Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
166. k|0ffnL cg'udg Pj+ xhf{gf – j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|n] gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ cg'bfg
kl/rfng sfo{ljlw, @)&) df ljleGg sDkgLdfkm{t h8fg ul/Psf zf}o{ ljB't k|0ffnLdWo]
sDtLdf !) k|ltzt h8fg sfo{sf] gd'gf 5gf}6 u/L :jtGq k/fdz{bftfdfkm{t cg'udg ubf{{
lgb]{lzsfadf]lhd sfo{ gu/]sf sDkgLnfO{ nufPsf] xhf{gf ?=% s/f]8 &) nfv c;'n u/]sf]
5}g . s'n xhf{gfdWo] % sDkgL;Fudfq ?=# s/f]8 @ nfv -%@=(! k|ltzt_ c;'n ug'{kg]{
b]lvPsf] 5 . cg'bfg ljt/0fdf b]lvPsf] sdhf]/L x6fpg xfnsf] !) k|ltzt gd'gf :t/
a9fO{ cg'udgsf] bfo/f ;d]t j[l4 ug'{kb{5 .
 sf]if Joj:yfkg
167. sf]if ;~rfng – ;/sf/L sfof{notk{m !( dGqfno÷lgsfocGtu{t ;~rfngdf /x]sf
sf]ifx?df ut jif{sf] lhDd]jf/L ?=^$ ca{ (& s/f]8 *^ nfv / of] jif{sf] cfDbfgL ?=@ va{
& ca{ !! s/f]8 &^ nfv ;d]t ?=@ va{ &@ ca{ ( s/f]8 ^@ nfvdWo] ?=! va{ ^! ca{ #^
s/f]8 (^ nfv vr{ eO{ ?=! va{ !) ca{ &@ s/f]8 ^^ nfv afFsL /x]sf] 5 -cg';"rL !!_ .
o:tf sf]ifx?df k|wfgdGqL b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ sf]if, k'glg{df{0f sf]if, g]kfnL ;]gf sNof0fsf/L
sf]if, g]kfn k|x/L sNof0fsf/L sf]if, ;z:q k|x/L an sNof0fsf/L sf]if, kqsf/ sNof0f sf]if,
jftfj/0f ;+/If0f sf]if, jg ljsf; tyf 3f6u2L sf]if, 5fq lzIff sf]if, lhNnf lzIff sf]if,
zflGt sf]if nufot 5g\ . sltko lgsfon] ut jif{ b]vfPsf] df}Hbft km/s kf/L lhDd]jf/L
;f/]sf]n] ut jif{sf] lhDd]jf/L /sddf ?=*# s/f]8 (! nfv km/s k/]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL
cGo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
167.1 >d tyf /f]huf/ dGqfnfodf af]g; P]g, @)#) adf]lhd sf]ifdf @)&# cfiff9;Dd
k|lti7fgx?af6 k|fKt af]g;afktsf] ?=!) ca{ ^ s/f]8 $& nfv df}Hbft /x]sf] b]lvG5 . sf]ifn]
k|To]s k|lti7fgaf6 k|fKt x'g'kg]{, k|fKt ePsf] / k|fKt x'g afFsL /sd v'nfO{ n]vf /fVg'kg]{df
/ /sd k|fKt eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf cg'udg ug{'kg]{df of] jif{ klg a}Í ljj/0fsf cfwf/df
bflvnf ePsf] /sdnfO{ cfDbfgL b]vfPsf] 5 . df}Hbft /sd sfo{ljlw agfO{ >ldsx?sf]
lxtdf vr{ ug{'kb{5 .
167.2 ah]6 jStJo @)^^.^& n] Joj:yf u/]cg';f/ ;/sf/L lgsfox?, af]8{ ;ldlt, s]Gb|,
;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg tyf lghL If]qsf k|lti7fgdf sfo{/t JolQmx?af6 Ps k|ltztsf b/n]
;fdflhs ;'/Iff s/ c;'n u/L a]/f]huf/ aLdf of]hgf, /f]huf/Ldf 3fOt] jf b'3{6gf aLdf
of]hgf, k|;"lt of]hgf, cfl>t aLdf of]hgf nufot ( lsl;dsf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{qmddf
vr{ ug{ Joj:yf u/]sf]df ;f];DaGwL P]g th'{df gx+'Fbf o; jif{sf] ?=# ca{ @^ s/f]8 &^
nfv ;d]t xfn;Dd ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]ifcGtu{t c;'n ePsf] ?=!! ca{ #% s/f]8 %* nfv
sf]ifsf] p2]Zocg';f/ tf]lsPsf] sfo{df vr{ x'g g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 .
sf]ifdf /x]sf] 7"nf] dfqfsf] /sd cfjZos Joj:yfkg ul/g' h?/L x'G5 .
168. ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf Y cfly+s sfo+ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ lgod ## cg';f/ cfly+s
jif+leq vr+ geO+ afFsL /xg cfPsf] /sd lkmtf{ bflvnf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf]df ;f] cg'?k
bflvnf gePsf Joxf]/f lgDg 5g\M
168.1 b"/;~rf/ P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf $%-#_ df g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0fnfO{ k|fKt /sdn] sfo{
;~rfng ug{ gk'u ePdf g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu dfu ug{ ;Sg] / ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fPsf] /sd
a9L ePdf lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0fsf] ;l~rlt ?=!( ca{ ^^
s/f]8 ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf ug'{kg]{ Joxf]/f utjif{sf] k|ltj]bgdf cf+}NofPsf]df of] jif{ pQm
;l~rltdWo] ?=^ ca{ %) s/f]8 dfq ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf u/]sf] 5 . of] jif{sf] ;l~rlt
?=@( ca{ @& s/f]8dWo] u|fdL0f b"/;~rf/ sf]ifsf] ?=!@ ca{ ^^ s/f]8afx]s afFsL ?=!^ ca{
^! s/f]8 ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
168.2 aLdf ;ldltsf] ljut # jif{sf] cfo tyf Joosf] cj:yf ljZn]if0f ubf{ cfojf6 vr{ s6fO{
@)&).&! df ?=33 s/f]8 80 nfv, 2071/72 df ?.32 s/f]8 9 nfv / 2072/73 df ?=50
s/f]8 90 nfv art /x]sf] b]lvof] . ;ldltdf k|To]s jif{ art /sd a9\b} uO{ ?=2 ca{ 53
s/f]8 23 nfv k'u]sf] 5 . afFsL /sd oyfzL3| ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 . o;
;DaGwdf cy{ dGqfnosf] ;d]t Wofgfsif{0f x'g cfjZos b]lvG5 .
168.3 ljBfno Pj_ SofDk;df cWoog/t 5fqfx?nfO+ 5fqj=lQ pknaw u/fpg dlGqkl/ifb\\sf]
@)^@.#.@( sf] lg0f+ofg';f/ :yfkgf ePsf] 5fqf lzIff sf]ifdf lzIff dGqfnon] of] jif+ hDdf
u/]sf] ?-@ s/f]8 ;d]t ?-$# s/f]8 (@ nfv df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 . sf]if :yfkgf eP tfklg
xfn;Dd pkof]udf cfPsf] 5}g . ;fj+hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] sfo+ljlw agfO+ tTsfn pkof]u
ug]+ egL @)&@.!).@$ df lgb]+zg lbPsf]df xfn;Dd pkof]u gu/]sf]n] pQm /sd ;l~rt
sf]if bflvnf x'g'kb+5 .
168.4 s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL lnld6]8n] k|fKt cg'bfg ?=# ca{ ^^ s/f]8 () nfv vr{ ePsf] ljQLo
ljj/0fdf v'nf;f u/]sf]df afFsL ?=!( s/f]8 &) nfv ;/sf/nfO{ lkmtf{ u/L ;l~rt sf]if
bflvnf ePsf] 5}g .
168.5 :yfgLo lgsfo ;|f]t kl/rfng tyf Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw, @)^( sf] bkmf $& df ufpF ljsf;
;ldltdf lgsf;f ePsf] cg'bfgdWo] cfly{s jif{sf] cGTodf art /sd sf]if tyf n]vf
lgoGqs sfof{nodf lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&!.&@ sf] ufpF ljsf;
;ldltsf] clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePsf l;/xf, nlntk'/, ;nf{xL nufot @)
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltcGtu{tsf $$# ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] ljQLo ljj/0f k/LIf0f ubf{ sf]if
lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt cg'bfg ;d]t ?=!* s/f]8 &$ nfv df}Hbft /fv]sf]

b]lvPsf]n] cg'bfg /sddWo] vr{ geO{ afFsL /x]sf] /sd olsg u/L ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf
ug'{kb{5 .
168.6 lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, dsjfgk'/, tgx'F / ?kGb]xLn] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt
/sddWo] ?=!) s/f]8 ($ nfv lhNnf ljsf; sf]ifdf 6«fG;km/ u/]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf
;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltaf6 @)^(.!.!) df ;DalGwtnfO{ ;r]t u/fpg] / o:tf] k|j[lt
gbf]xf]¥ofpg] tyf afFsL /sd lkmtf{ ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf]df of] jif{ klg bf]xf]l/Psf] 5 .
;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf] lg0f{o sfof{Gjog u/L o:tf] /sd ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
168.7 e"sDkaf6 cltk|efljt !$ lhNnfsf ljBfnodf tTsfn c:yfoL ejg lgdf{0f tyf kmlg{r/
Joj:yfkgsf] nflu Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}Íaf6 cg'bfg :j?k k|wfgdGqL b}jL k|sf]k p4f/
sf]ifdfk{mt ?=#) s/f]8 pknaw u/fPsf]dWo] lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, eQmk'/ ;d]t !#
sfof{noaf6 k|fKt ljj/0f cg';f/ vr{ geO{ af_sL b]lvPsf] ?=% s/f]8 &@ nfv df}Hbftdf g}
/fv]sf]n] ;f] /sd lkmtf{ u/L ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf x'g'kb{5 .
168.8 cfk"lt{ dGqfnfon] ;fN6 6«]l8ª skf]{/];g lnld6]8nfO{ g"g 9'jfgL ug{ lgsf;f lbPsf]df vr{
geO{ afFsL /x]sf] ?=# s/f]8 #% nfv ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
168.9 /fli6«o ;xsf/L ljsf; af]8{n] cfly{s jif{sf] cGt;Dd vr{ geO{ afFsL /xsf] ? @ s/f]8 %
nfv cg'bfg lkmtf{ bflvnf u/]sf] 5}g . pQm /sd ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf x'g'kb{5 .
168.10 cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ##-s_ adf]lhd :yfgLo ljsf; k|lzIf0f
k|lti7fgn] ljleGg lqmofsnfk ;~rfngfy{ dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] ?=& s/f]8 %) nfvdWo]
vr{ geO{ afFsL /x]sf] ?=! s/f]8 % nfv / cGo dGqfnoaf6 tflnd ;~rfngsf nflu k|fKt
/sddWo] vr{ geO{ ut ljut jif{b]lv art /x]sf] ?=$$ nfv ;d]t ?=! s/f]8 $( nfv
;l~rt sf]if bflvnf ug'{kb{5 . To:t} kmf]xf]/ d}nf Joj:yfkg k|fljlws ;xof]u s]Gb|sf %
vftfdf lj=;= @)$$ ;fnb]lv ?=&^ nfv df}Hbft lgliqmo /x]sf]n] ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf
ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
168.11 dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/ / /fli6«o cfjf; sDkgLaLr ePsf] ;Demf}tfcg'?k
hUuf ljt/0f ubf{ dfnkf]t sfof{nodf /lhi6«]zg k|of]hgsf] nflu sfod Go"gtd d"Nosf]
aL; k|ltzt /sd cltl/Qm z'Ns lnO{ hUufwgL k|df0fk'hf{ lbg] Joj:yfcg';f/ pknAw x'g]
z'Nssf] %) k|ltztn] x'g] ?=! s/f]8 @$ nfv /fh:j bflvnf ug'{kg]{df u/]sf] 5}g .
168.12 :yfgLo lgsfo ;|f]t kl/rfng tyf Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw, @)^( sf] lgod $& adf]lhd lhNnf
ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, h'Dnf, k;f{, sflnsf]6 nufot @@ n] cfly{s jif{sf] cGTodf vr{
geO{ afFsL /x]sf] ?=( s/f]8 &! nfv lkmtf{ gu/]sf]n] ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
168.13 s]Gb|Lo xh sld6LnfO+ u=x dGqfnoaf6 lgsf;f lbPsf] /sddWo] ljut jif{sf] lhDd]jf/L
?=^& nfv / of] jif{sf] ?=( nfv ;d]t ?=&^ nfv vr{ gePsf] /sd ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf
ug'{kb{5 .

168.14 vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ ljefun] dftxt If]qLo tyf lhNnfl:yt l8lehg / ;jl8lehg
sfof{noaf6 k'FhLut vr{sf] slG6Gh]G;L @ k|ltztn] ?=* s/f]8 #& nfv k|fKt u/]sf] dWo]
vr{ geO{ afFsL /x]sf] ?=#& nfv ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
168.15 lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, ;Kt/Ln] ljBfno aGb ug]{ lg0f{o u/L ;~rfngdf g/x]sf #(
ljBfnosf] a}Í vftfdf /f]Ssf /fv]sf] ?=!^ nfv ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf u/]sf] 5}g .
lglZrt p2]Zo /fvL sf]if v8f u/L /sd hDdf ug]{ t/ sfo{ljlw tof/ u/L
sfof{Gjog gugf{n] ;Ílnt /sd pkof]uljxLg x'g k'u]sf] 5 . sfo{;~rfng sf]if P]gcGtu{t
sf]if ;~rfngug{gkfpg] x'Fbf ;/sf/n] @)^%.$.#) df s'g} klg lgsfodf sfo{;~rfng sf]if
/fv]sf] eP aGb u/L ljlgof]hg P]gadf]lhd vr{ ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . lg0f{ofg';f/ sf]if
Joj:yfkg ug'{kb{5 .
plNnlvt !% lgsfodf ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf ug'{kg]{ ?=@) ca{ ## s/f]8 b]lvof] .
s'g} lgsfonfO{ cfjZos kg]{ /sd ah]6af6 lgsf;f u/L ljleGg lgsfox?df lgliqmo
tj/n] /x]sf] sf]ifx? ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg cy{ dGqfno ;d]tsf]
Wofgfsif{0f x'g' h?/L 5 .
169. nufgL hf]lvd Y o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foL :j/f]huf/ sf]ifsf] g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín]
;d:ofu|:t 3f]if0ff u/]sf] Ps kmfOgfG;df /x]sf] shf+ ?-! s/f]8 %) nfv hf]lvddf /x]sf]
b]lvG5 . ;fy} sf]if / ;xsf/L ;_:yfaLr ePsf] C0f e'QmfgL tflnsfcg';f/ sf]ifn] C0f
k|jfx u/]sf] dWo] r'Qmf cjlw ;dfKt eO;s]sf $ ;xsf/L ;:yfdf nufgL p7fpg ?-!!
s/f]8 @^ nfv af_sL /x]sf] b]lvPsf]n] ;f] shf+ c;'nLsf nflu sfg'gL sf/afxL ug'+kg]+
b]lvG5 . sf]ifn] @ a}s;_u u/]sf] nufgL ;Demf}tfdf c;'nL ldlt pNn]v gu/]sf] t/ ljQ
zfvfn] k|dfl0ft u/]cg';f/ ;fFjf ls:tf ;d]t c;'nL ug+'kg]+ ?-!$ s/f]8 () nfv c;'n
gePsf]]n] ;f] /sd c;'nL ug+'kg]+ b]lvG5 .
o;}u/L aL=kL= sf]O{/fnf d]df]l/on SofG;/ c:ktfn, e/tk'/sf] ;+s6u|:t 3f]lift Ps
ljsf; a}Ídf d'2ltvftfdf /x]sf] ;fFjf ?=& s/f]8 &$ nfv / xfn;Ddsf] Jofh ?=@ s/f]8
@) nfv ;d]t ?=( s/f]8 ($ nfv lkmtf{ k|fKTf ug'{kb{5 .
 ljkb Joj:yfkg
170. /fxt ;Íng tyf ljt/0f – @)&@ sf] e"sDk kZrft\ s]Gb|Lo b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldlt /
cGtu{tsf lhNnf tyf :yfgLo b}jL k|sf]k ;ldltaf6 ePsf /fxt ;Íng tyf ljt/0f
;DaGwL sfo{df ldtJolotf / k|efjsfl/tf kIfsf] d"NofÍg ubf{ b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/fx?
b]xfocg';f/ 5g\M
170.1 zx/L ljsf; dGqfnon] $ nfv ## xhf/ yfg lqkfn ?=%( s/f]8 #$ nfvdf vl/b u/]sf]
5 . ;f]dWo] k|yd r/0fdf ?=% s/f]8 (! nfv d"Nosf] sl/a @* xhf/ lqkfn ;Lw} vl/b
u/]sf] 5 . # r/0fdf vl/b ul/Psf pQm lqkfnsf] d"No k|lt ju{lkm6 ?=$.$& b]lv ?=!$.–
/x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] cfk"lt{stf{af6 ;dfg u'0f:t/sf] @ nfv yfg lqkfn vl/b u/]sf] dWo] Ps
cfk"lt{stf{af6 $( xhf/ %*! yfg k|lt ju{lkm6 ?=).!@ a9L / csf]{ Ps cfk"lt{stf{af6 ^!
xhf/ !#$ yfg k|lt ju{lkm6 ?=).#* a9L b/n] vl/b u/]sf] 5 . a9L b/df vl/b u/]sf]
sf/0f ?=&$ nfv %) xhf/ a9L Jooef/ k/]sf] 5 . s'n vl/b kl/df0fdWo] ?=( s/f]8 $@
nfvsf] &# xhf/ !@! yfg lqkfn ljt/0f gu/L df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 . ;dfg u'0f:t/sf] ;fdfg
km/s km/s b/df vl/b u/]sf] sf/0f yk Jooef/ k/]sf] b]lvof] . ldtJooL 9Ëaf6 vl/b u/L
;dod} ljt/0f ug'{kb{5 .
170.2 ldq/fi6« tyf ;+3;+:yfx?af6 kLl8tsf] dfu / cfjZos gePsf /fxt ;fdu|L ;d]t k|fKt
ePsf 5g\ . lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yndf /x]sf] s]Gb|Lo uf]bfddf Dofb gf3]sf] tyf
u'0f:t/xLg !(@ aS; df;', (%) kfs]6 kL7f], !# sf6'{g vfB ;fdu|L, !)) sf6'{g kfgL /
$!! sf6'{g k|of]u ePsf] sk8f gi6 u/]sf] 5 . lhNnf b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldlt sfe|]n] klg
@##! sf6'{g kL7f], @)& sf6'{g kfp8/ b"w Dofb gf3]sf] sf/0f gi6 u/]sf] 5 eg]
l;Gw'kfNrf]sn] $%) s]=hL= rfdn, ## sf6'{g /f]6L, ^$ sf6'{g rfprfp nufotsf /fxt
;fdu|Lx? oyf;dod} k|of]udf gNofO{ gi6 u/]sf] 5 .
l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] Ov'{df k7fPsf] sk8fx? 7"nf] ;fOh ePsf] sf/0f kLl8tn] a'e\mg
gdfg]kl5 ;f]sf] clen]v ;d]t g/fvL Ps ljBfnosf] sIff sf]7fdf df}Hbft /fv]sf] 5 .
;f]xL lhNnfsf] ;f+ufrf]s, uf]/vfsf] ufFv', 5f]k|fs nufotsf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf ljt/0f
u/]sf] rfdn vfgof]Uo gePsf] kLl8tsf] egfO /x]sf] 5 . ;dod} /fxt ;fdu|Lsf] ;"rL
gk7fPsf] sf/0f cgfjZos / u'0f:t/xLg /fxt ;fdu|L k|fKt ePsf] / k|fKt ;fdu|Lsf] hfFr
ug]{ ;+oGqsf] cefjdf ;a} ;fdu|L :jLsf/ u/]sf] sf/0f w]/} ;fdfgx? gi6 ug'{ k/]sf] Pj+
ljtl/t /fxt klg pkof]uxLg b]lvPsf] 5 . u'0f:t/xLg tyf cgfjZos /fxt ;fdu|L
c:jLsf/ ug'{kb{5 .
170.3 lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yndf /x]sf] s]Gb|Lo e08f/df k|fKt ePsf] /fxt ;fdu|LdWo] !$*
sf6'{g cf}iflw, !)^ af]/f sk8f, !%* lqkfn nufotsf ;fdfgx? clen]v g/fvL cJojl:yt
?kdf v'nf :yfgdf /flvPsf] x'Fbf k|of]udf Nofpg g;lsg] l:ylt b]lvof] . % xhf/ s]=hL=
rfdn, @ xhf/ s]=hL= bfn / # xhf/ s]=hL= lrgL k"0f{?kdf Iflt ePsf] b]lvof] . lhNnf b}jL
k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldlt uf]/vfn] Ps ;+:yfnfO{ @^ h]g]/]6/, ^%) d]6«];, t]n rfdn ^%) af]/f,
lrgL $%) kfs]6 / kfp8/ b"w @@% kfs]6 Pj+ Ps /fhg}lts kf6L{nfO{ lqkfn, Dof6«];
k|To]s cfO6d @%$ yfg pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . ;DalGwt ;+:yf tyf kf6L{n] a'emfPsf] /fxt
;fdu|Lsf] ljj/0f ;ldltn] lnPsf] 5}g . ;ldltn] lgb]{lzsf adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f v'nfO{ kof{Kt
dfqfdf /fxt ;fdu|Lsf] e08f/ Joj:yfkg ug'{kb{5 .
170.4 uf]/vf, l;Gw'kfNrf]s / sfe|]knfGrf]s lhNnfdf /fli6«o hgu0fgf, @)^* cg';f/ s'n 3/w'/L
;+Vof @ nfv !$ xhf/ 5 . u[x dGqfnosf] k|f/lDes k|ltj]bgcg';f/ lghL cfjf; k"0f{ /
cf+lzs Ifltsf] ;+Vof ! nfv (* xhf/ b]vfPsf]df clGtd k|ltj]bgdf $@ k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{
@ nfv *@ xhf/ k'u]sf] 5 . tL lhNnfdf @ nfv ## xhf/nfO{ c:yfoL cfjf;sf] /sd @
nfv #% xhf/nfO{ Gofgf] sk8fsf] /sd ljt/0f u/]sf] b]lvof] . Pp6} dGqfno tyf cGo
lgsfoaLr Ifltsf] d"NofÍgdf km/s b]lvPsf]n] oyfy{ Ifltsf] ;+Vof olsg ePg . Ifltsf]
d"NofÍgdf Ps?ktf gx'Fbf /fxt ljt/0fdf ;d]t k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ ePsf]n] oyfy{ /
Ps?ktf x'g] u/L Ifltsf] d"NofÍg ug'{kb{5 .
170.5 u[x dGqfnosf] kl5Nnf] k|ltj]bgcg';f/ c:yfoL cfjf;sf] nflu ^ nfv (& xhf/
kl/jf/nfO{ ?=!% xhf/sf] b/n] ?=!( ca{ $% s/f]8 / Gofgf] sk8fsf] nflu ^ nfv %$
kl/jf/nfO{ ?=!) xhf/sf b/n] ?=^ ca{ %$ s/f]8 ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . Gofgf] sk8f ljt/0f
;+VofeGbf c:yfoL cfjf;sf] nflu gub k|fKt ug]{sf] ;+Vof %! xhf/ %*^ a9L /x]sf] 5 .
Ps ;+:yfn] sfe|]sf] dxfb]jj]zLdf !#( c:yfoL cfjf; agfPsf], csf]{ Ps ;+:yfn]
l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] ;fFufrf]ssf @ xhf/ &(# 3/w'/LnfO{ @ a08nsf b/n] h:tfkftf ljt/0f
u/]sf] 5 . t/ tL ;a} e"sDkkLl8tnfO{ ;DalGwt lhNnf b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldltn] ?=!%
xhf/ klg ljt/0f u/]sf] b]lvof] . kgf}tL gu/kflnsfn] &)) a08n h:tfkftf ljt/0f u/]sf
;a} kLl8tx?nfO{ c:yfoL cfjf;sf] /sd klg ljt/0f ePsf] 5 . uf]/vf lhNnfdf eg]
;+3;+:yfn] h:tfkftf ljt/0f u/]sf ^ xhf/ (!% 3/w'/LnfO{ lhNnf b}jL k|sf]k p4f/
;ldltn] ?=!% xhf/sf b/n] ?=% s/f]8 (! nfv ljt/0f u/]sf] 5}g . ;dGjosf] cefj /
lgb]{lzsfsf] kfngf gePsf] sf/0f /fxt ljt/0f k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf] b]lvPg . /fxt ljt/0f
ubf{ ;dGjo u/L Psåf/ k|0ffnLnfO{ k"0f{?kdf sfof{Gjog ul/g'kb{5 .
170.6 a+unfb]z ;/sf/af6 /fxt:j?k k|fKt !) xhf/ d]l6«s6g rfdndWo] #)=& d]l6«s6g ljt/0f
eO{ xfn g]kfn vfB ;+:yfgsf] yfkfynL uf]bfddf !@=^ d]l6«s6g / afFsL pkTosf aflx/sf
cGo uf]bfddf df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 . afFsL rfdn g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ cfjZos kbf{ zf]wegf{ lbg]
u/L ;~rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{on] laqmL d"No tf]sL laqmL eO/x]sf] b]lvof] . cfsl:ds
cj:yfdf cfjZos kg]{ vfBfGg rlqmo ?kdf kl/rfng ul/g'kb{5 .
171. k'g:yf{kgf tyf k'glgdf{0f sfo{qmd – /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f cGtu{t\ e"sDk clt
k|efljt lhNnfsf] k'gM:yfkgf tyf k'glgdf{0f sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog l:yltsf] sfo{d"ns
n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/f b]xofadf]lhd /x]sf 5g\M
171.1 e"sDkaf6 k|efljt ;+/rgfsf] k'glg{df{0f;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&@ sf] lgod # df
k|flws/0fn] :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;DalGwt ;]jfsf] nflu klxnf] k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f u/L cfof]hgf
sfof{Gjog ug{k' g]{ Joj:yf 5 . ljkb kZrft\sf] cfjZostf ;Íng k|ltj]bgcg';f/
c:ktfn, k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|, :jf:Yo rf}sL u/L !!)) :jf:Yo ;+:yf k"0f{ ?kdf Iflt
ePsf]]df k'g{:Yffkgf ul/Psf ;+:yfsf] clen]v k|flws/0fdf /x]sf] b]lvPg . n]vfk/LIf0fsf]
qmddf k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ /;'jf lhNnf c:ktfn c:yfoL kfndf ;~rfng /x]sf] 5 eg] !$
:jf:Yo rf}sL k"0f{ Iflt ePsf]df !@ :jf:Yo rf}sL kfnd} ;~rfng e}/x]sf] / afFsL @ j6f
nfª6fª / xfs' :jf:Yo rf}sLn] ;]jf k|jfx g} u/]sf 5}gg\ . :jf:Yo ;]jf k|jfx ;'rf? ug{
gLltut k|fyldstfcg';f/ k'g:yf{kgf tyf k'glg{df{0f lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ug'{kb{5 .
171.2 /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf gLlt, @)&@ tyf cfjlws of]hgfdf hf]lvdk"0f{ j:tLsf]
oyfy{ cBfjlws clen]v tof/ ul/g], j:tL :yfgfGt/0fsf] nflu ;Da4 kLl8t kl/jf/sf]
:yfgfGt/0f ug]{ pko'Qm :yfgsf] klxrfg ul/g] / j:tL :yfgfGt/0f of]hgf th'{df tyf
sfof{Gjog ul/g] pNn]v 5 . k|flws/0faf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ cWoog ul/Psf cf]vn9'Ëf,
/fd]5fk, wflbª, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, sfe|]knfGrf]s, g'jfsf]6, uf]vf{, /;'jf / bf]nvf u/L (
lhNnfsf $& ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf /x]sf &^ :yfgnfO{ hf]lvdo'Qm j:tL egL klxrfg
u/]sf] b]lvG5 . To:tf hf]lvdo'St j:tLdWo] @( j:tLdf hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{qmd
;~rfng ug{'kg{] pNn]v ePsf]df :yfgfGt/0f ug{ pko'Qm klxrfg Pj+ sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5}g .
171.3 k|flws/0fn] @)&# sf] jiff{ cufl8 g} e"sDkaf6 lj:yflkt !! lhNnfsf *^ :yfgdf ! xhf/
@@$ kl/jf/nfO{ c:yfoL cfjf;df :yfgfGt/0f ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy cfjf; lgdf{0fsf nflu ?
! cj{ ** nfv ljlgof]hg ePsf] lyof] . of] jif{ c:yfoL cfjf; lgdf{0fdf ?= $) s/f]8 %#
nfv vr{ u/L $# :yfgdf lgdf{0f ;DkGg eP tfklg ;DkGg ePsf c:yfoL cfjf;x?sf]
ljlwjt ?kdf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] 5}g / ltgLx?sf] ;'/Iffsf] k|aGw
klg ldnfPsf] 5}g . lhNnf b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldltsf] lgb]{zgdf /;'jf lhNnfsf] w'Gr]df
/x]sf] ! c:yfoL cfjf;df xfs' uflj;sf @) kl/jf/ j;f]jf; u/]sf] b]lvG5 . To;}u/L
l;Gw'nL lhNnfsf] sdnfdfO{ gu/kflnsfl:yt 9'ªu|]jf;df k|x/Lx? j;f]jf; u/]sf 5g\ afFsL
s'g} klg c:yfoL cfjf; k|of]udf /x]sf] b]lvPg . o;af6 c:yfoL cfjf; lgdf{0fdf ul/Psf]
nufgLsf] p2]Zocg';f/ pkof]u x'g ;s]sf] b]lvPg .
171.4 /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf gLlt, @)&@ tyf e"sDkaf6 k"0f{?kdf Iflt ePsf cfjf;
k'glg{df{0f cg'bfg ljt/0f sfo{ljlw, @)&@ cg';f/ dd{t tyf k|jnLs/0f ubf{ klg k|of]u ug{
g;Sg] u/L k"0f{?kdf Iflt ePsf / cGoq s'g} cfjf;Lo 3/ gePsf ;j{;fwf/0fx? dfq
lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f cg'bfg kfpg] nfeu|fxLsf] ;"rLdf ;dfj]z x'g] Joj:yf 5 . hgu0fgf
@)^* cg';f/ pkTosf afx]ssf e"sDk clt k|efljt !! lhNnfdf ^ nfv @@ xhf/
3/w'/Lx? /x]sf]df lghL cfjf; cg'bfg ljt/0f k|of]hgsf] nflu % nfv #@ xhf/ 3/w'/L
klxrfg eO{ nfeu|fxLdf ;dfj]z u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;e]{df 5'6 ePsf / ;e]{ eP/ klg
nfeu|fxLdf kg{ dfkb08 k"/f gePsf 3/w'/Lsf] ;+Vof %& xhf/ *)) ;d]tnfO{ ldnfpFbf
!! lhNnfsf] s'n 3/w'/L ;+Vof % nfv () xhf/ x'g cfpF5 . o;/L @)^* ;fnsf]
hgu0fgfsf] 3/w'/L ;+Vofsf] cg'kftdf nfeu|fxLx? !))M($=&* /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
171.5 lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f k|fljlws lg/LIf0f sfo{ljlw, @)&# sf] kl/R5]b @ sf] lgod & /
e"sDkaf6 k"0f{?kdf Iflt ePsf cfjf; k'glg{df{0f cg'bfg ljt/0f sfo{ljlw @)&@ sf]
cg';"rL # adf]lhdsf k|lqmofcg';f/ tLg ls:tfdf cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg lhNnf cfof]hgf
sfof{Gjog OsfO{sf k|fljlwsaf6 lKnGy tx;Ddsf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] lg/LIf0f, hfFrkf; tyf
k|df0fLs/0f kZrft\ bf];|f] ls:tf ?=! nfv %) xhf/ lbg] Joj:yf 5 . @)&# df3 @*
;Dddf ;Demf}tf ePsf $ nfv &( xhf/ @)# nfeu|fxLdWo] $ nfv ^) xhf/ -(^ k|ltzt_
nfO{ klxnf] ls:tfsf] ?=%) xhf/sf b/n] ?=@# ca{ &@ nfv cg'bfg ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 .
To;}u/L klxnf] ls:tf cg'bfg k|fKt ug{] !! lhNnfsf $ nfv ^) xhf/ nfeu|fxLdWo] &(*
hgfnfO{dfq bf];|f] ls:tf ljt/0f ePsf] 5 .
@)&# cfiff9 d;fGt;Dddf klxnf] ls:tf k|fKt u/]sf dWo] 3/ lgdf{0f u/]sf
kl/jf/sf] gd'gf 5gf}6 u/L /fd]5fk / g'jfsf]6 lhNnfsf # ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf # j8fsf]
gful/s ;dfh ;+:yf ;d]tsf] ;xeflutfdf ul/Psf] ;e]{If0fdf To;/L cg'bfg k|fKt u/]sf
$)) nfeu|fxLdWo] $) n] dfq lKnGy tx;Ddsf] / !% hgfn] lgdf{0f ;DkGg u/]sf] k|ltj]bg
k|fKt ePsf] 5 . ck]lIft kl/df0fdf lghL cfjf; lgdf{0f x'g g;Sg'df l8hfOg pko'Qm
gePsf], k|fljlwsx? lgoldt pkl:ylt gePsf], bIf hgzlQmsf] cefj /x]sf] tyf :jLs[t
l8hfOgcg';f/ k|of]u ul/g] lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] kl/df0f Go"g e} 9'jfgL nfut a9L x'g] sf/0f
/x]sf] nfeu|fxL ;d"x;Fusf] 5nkmndf pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ .
 k"0f{ :jfldTjsf ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f

172. n]vfk/LIf0f l:ylt – of] jif{ $$ ;+:yfsf] aSof}tf ;d]t (! cfly{s jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f
ug'{kg]{df @( ;+:yfsf] #* cfly{s jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg eO{ @! ;+:yfsf] %# cfly{s
jif{sf] afFsL /x]sf] 5 . n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] dWo] !# ;+:yfsf] !$ cfly{s jif{sf k|f/lDes
k|ltj]bg hf/L ePsf]df ;~rfns ;ldltn] ljQLo ljj/0f k|dfl0ft gu/]sf] tyf k|f/lDes
k|ltj]bg pk/ k|ltlqmof glbPsf]n] clGtd k|ltj]bg hf/L ePsf] 5}g .
g]kfn /]nj] sDkgLn] $ cfly{s jif{sf], g]kfn ko{6g af]8{ / g]kfn vfg]kfgL ;+:yfgn]
# cfly{s jif{sf], hgslzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb| / hgsk'/ r'/f]6 sf/vfgfn] @ cfly{s jif{sf]
n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf 5}gg\ . g]kfn u'7L ;+:yfgn] @@ cfly{s jif{sf], pbok'/ l;d]G6 pBf]un]
/ h8La'6L pTkfbg tyf k|zf]wg sDkgL lnld6]8n] & cfly{s jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg
6'Ëf]df k'¥ofPsf 5}gg\ lnlSj8];gdf uPsf s[lif cf}hf/ sf/vfgfn] !% cfly{s jif{sf], ;'tL{
ljsf; sDkgL / g]zgn sG:6«S;g sDkgLn] $ cfly{s jif{sf] / x]6f}+8f sk8f pBf]u
lnld6]8n] @ cfly{s jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf 5}gg\ .
oyf;doleq n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fpFbf ;+:yfsf] ljQLo ljj/0f tof/ gx'g], z]o/ tyf
C0f nufgLsf] lx;fa oyfy{k/s gb]lvg], ;+:yfsf] gfkmf gf]S;fgL lx;fa kf/bzL{ gx'g],
k|zf;lgs Pj+ ;~rfng vr{ cTolws a9\b} hfg] / cGtTjuTjf ;+:yfsf] cfly{s cj:yf
sdhf]/ x'Fb} uO{ ?U0f x'g k'Ug] cj:yf /xG5 . sfg'gcg';f/ ;dodf n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg
gu/fpg]nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg u/fpg ;DalGwt dGqfnonfO{ ;d]t
173. ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] ;~rfng glthf – n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ul/Psf ;+ul7t ;+:yf, ;ldlt /
cGo ;+:yfdWo] Jofj;flos n]vf /fvL jf;nft tof/ ug]{ @* ;+:yf, ;ldlt / cGo ;+:yfsf]
lx;fa o; k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z u/]sf]df !^ ;+:yf, ;ldlt / cGo ;+:yfsf] s'n ;~rfng
d'gfkmf ?=%) ca{ #& s/f]8 / !@ ;+:yfsf] s'n ;~rfng gf]S;fgL ?=* ca{ &$ s/f]8 /x]sf]
5.
o:t} Jofj;flos n]vf g/fvL cfo–Joo lx;fadfq} tof/ ug]{ ;+ul7t ;+:yf, ;ldlt
/ cGo ;+:yf ! sf] ;~rfng art ?=@ s/f]8 *! nfv /x]sf] 5 . ;~rfng glthf
;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
173.1 g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf] @)&@.&# df ljb]zL d'b|fdf /x]sf] ljQLo ;DklQ ?=( va{ !( ca{ &(
s/f]8, :jb]zL d'b|fdf /x]sf] ljQLo ;DklQ ?=^! ca{ #% s/f]8 / cGo ;DklQ ?=$ ca{ *$
s/f]8 ;d]t hDdf ;DklQ ?=( va{ *% ca{ (* s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . a}Ísf] ljb]zL d'b|fdf
/x]sf] ljQLo bfloTj ?=!* ca{ ^@ s/f]8, :jb]zL d'b|fdf /x]sf] ljQLo tyf cGo bfloTj ?=*
va{ @$ ca{ &! s/f]8 / k'FhL tyf hu]8f sf]iftkm{ ?=! va{ $@ ca{ ^% s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 .
ut jif{ ?=!@ ca{ (% s/f]8 v'b gfkmf ePsf]df of] jif{ ;f]df j[l4 eO{ ?=#* ca{
&* s/f]8 ePsf] 5 . ut jif{sf] ;~rfng gfkmf ?=!) ca{ &^ s/f]8sf] t'ngfdf o; jif{
?=!# ca{ () s/f]8 x'g'sf ;fy} j}b]lzs ljlgdo gfkmfdf ?=@ ca{ %# s/f]8af6 ?=!* ca{
!$ s/f]8 x'g'sf] sf/0fn] o; jif{ v'b gfkmfdf j[l4 ePsf] xf] . To:t} ;'grfFbLsf]
k'gd"{NofÍgdf ut jif{ ?=! ca{ @@ s/f]8 3f6f ePsf]df o; jif{ ?=% ca{ &! s/f]8 gfkmf
ePsf]n] a}Ísf] v'b gfkmfdf j[l4 b]lvPsf] 5 . v'b gfkmfdWo] ljt/0fof]Uo art ?=!% ca{ !&
s/f]8 sfod u/]sf] 5 . ljt/0fof]Uo gfkmfaf6 g]kfn /fi6« a}Í P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf $!
cg';f/ hu]8f tyf sf]ifx?df /sd 5'6\ofO{ afFsL $&=&& k|ltztn] x'g] ?=& ca{ @% s/f]8
g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ e'QmfgL ug{] u/L 5'6\ofPsf] 5 .

g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf] s'n nufgL ?=( va{ #% ca{ #* s/f]8dWo] j}b]lzs nufgLtkm{
cd]l/sL 6«]h/L landf ?=% ca{ ## s/f]8, ef/tLo 6«]h/L landf ?=@ va{ # ca{ & s/f]8,
l/kf] vl/bdf ?=$* ca{ $ s/f]8, a}Ídf cfjlws lgIf]kdf ?=$ va{ @% ca{ (* s/f]8,
;'gdf ?=@* ca{ @! s/f]8 nufgL u/]sf] 5 . To:t} :jb]zL nufgLtkm{ ;/sf/L ;'/If0fdf
?=@! ca{ @* s/f]8, a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf ?=# ca{ $# s/f]8, :jb]zL a}Ísf] d'2tL
lgIf]kdf ?=!& ca{ ## s/f]8 / cGodf ?=! va{ *@ ca{ &! s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 .
173.2 sd{rf/L ;~ro sf]ifsf] @)&@.&# ;Dd ;~rosf]if ?=@ va{ !& ca{ ^! s/f]8, hu]8f tyf
cGo sf]if ?=$ ca{ ^^ s/f]8, bfloTj ?=** s/f]8 / Joj:yf ?=! ca{ %^ s/f]8 ;d]t
hDdf ;|f]t ?=@ va{ @$ ca{ &! s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . pQm ;|f]tdWo] /fli6«o art tyf C0fkq,
d'2tL lgIf]k / z]o/ nufgL ?=&% ca{ &# s/f]8, kl/of]hgf shf{ ?=@# ca{ #& s/f]8,
;~rostf{ ;fk6L ?=! va{ !* ca{ !% s/f]8, l:y/ tyf lgdf{0ffwLg ;DklQdf ?=! ca{ !$
s/f]8 -;DklQdf nufgL ;d]t_ / ljljw ;DklQdf ?=@ ca{ !% s/f]8 pkof]u / ?=$ ca{ !&
s/f]8 gub tyf a}Í df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 . ut jif{ sf]ifn] ?=! ca{&! s/f]8 gfkmf u/]sf]df of]
jif{ ?=! ca{ ^) s/f]8dfq gfkmf u/]sf] 5 .
173.3 g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fsf] @)&!.&@ df z]o/ kF'+hL ?=$( ca{ @& s/f]8, hu]8f sf]if ?=@#
ca{ &# s/f]8 C0ffTds, bL3{sfnLg bfloTj ?=(* ca{ (% s/f]8 / rfn' bfloTj ?=^% ca{
% s/f]8 ;d]t s'n kF'+hL tyf bfloTj ?=! va{ *( ca{ %$ s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . ;DklQtk{m
l:y/ ;DklQ ?=! va{ ^@ ca{ $ s/f]8 / rfn' ;DklQ ?=@& ca{ %) s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . ut
jif{;Dd ?=@) ca{ @$ s/f]8 ;l~rt gf]S;fg /x]sf]df o; jif{sf] gf]S;fg ?=% ca{ %!
s/f]8 yk eO{ ;l~rt gf]S;fg ?=@% ca{ &% s/f]8 k'Ug uPsf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lg0f{on]
@)^&.^* df ? @& ca{ !( s/f]8 ;l~rt gf]S;fgLnfO{ ckn]vg u/]sf] ;d]t s'n gf]S;fgL
?=%@ ca{eGbf a9L x'g cfp+b5 .
173.4 /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}Ísf] @)&@.&# ;Dd z]o/ k'FhL ?=* ca{ %( s/f]8, hu]8f tyf cGo sf]if
?=@ s/f]8, ltg{ afFsL shf{ ?=($ s/f]8, lgIf]k bfloTj ?=! va{ $^ ca{ @! s/f]8, e'QmfgL
lbg'kg{] lan tyf cGo bfloTj ?=!) ca{ ^& s/f]8 ;d]t k'FhL tyf bfloTj ?=! va{ ^^ ca{
$# s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . ;DklQtkm{ gub tyf a}Í df}Hbft ?=@* ca{ &$ s/f]8, nufgL ?=$#
ca{ && s/f]8, shf{ nufgL ?=*! ca{ &* s/f]8, l:y/ ;DklQ ?=%! s/f]8 / cGo ;Dklt
?=!! ca{ ^# s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . utjif{;Ddsf] ;l~rt gf]S;fg ?=^ ca{ @% s/f]8 /x]sf]df of]
jif{;Ddsf] gf]S;fg ?=$ ca{ #& s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 .
a}Ín] ut jif{ Ps a}Ísf] z]o/ laqmLaf6 ?=@ ca{ &^ s/f]8 a/fa/sf] yk cfDbfgL
u/]sf] lyof] . o;}u/L @)^*.^( df a}ÍnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ?=% ca{ &@ s/f]8 k'FhL
j[l4afkt yk lgsf;f lbPsf] lyof] . ctM u}/a}+lsË sf/f]af/af6 ?=* ca{ $* s/f]8 cfDbfgL
ePsf] cj:yfdf klg a}Í ce}m gfkmfdf ;~rfng x'g;s]sf] 5}g .
173.5 g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0fsf] @)&!.&@ df ;l~rt gfkmf ?=!( ca{ ^^ s/f]8 / u|fdL0f
b"/;~rf/ ljsf; sf]if ?=!) ca{ !* s/f]8 /x]sf]df o; jif{;Dd gfkmf ?=!^ ca{ ^! s/f]8 /
ljsf; sf]if ?=!@ ca{ ^^ s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . pQm sf]ifsf] pkof]u l:y/ ;DklQdf ?=$ s/f]8
/ v'b rfn' ;DklQdf ?=@( ca{ @# s/f]8 ePsf] 5 . k|flws/0fsf] g]6jy{ ut jif{ ?=@( ca{
*$ s/f]8 /x]sf]df o; jif{ ?=@( ca{ @& s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . ut jif{sf] ?=$ ca{ !& s/f]8sf]

cfDbfgLaf6 ?=# ca{ @( s/f]8 v'b gfkmf /x]sf]df o; jif{ ?=$ ca{ @! s/f]8sf]
cfDbfgLaf6 ?=# ca{ $% s/f]8 v'b gfkmf u/]sf] 5 .
173.6 g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudsf] @)&!.&@ ;Dd z]o/ k'FhL ?=!^ s/f]8 @@ nfv, ;l~rt gf]S;fgL
?=! ca{ *^ s/f]8 % nfv, g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nufgL ?=@ ca{ ($ s/f]8, dWod tyf
bL3{sfnLg C0f ?=!) ca{ (^ s/f]8, l:y/ ;DklQ ?=!! ca{ *^ s/f]8, nufgL ?=^! nfv /
v'b rfn' ;DklQ ?=## s/f]8 ^^ nfv /x]sf] 5 . lgudsf] g]6jy{ ?=! ca{ @$ s/f]8 /x]sf]
5.
ut jif{;Dd ?=! ca{ *$ s/f]8 ;l~rt gf]S;fg /x]sf]df of] jif{ ?=! s/f]8 ^! nfv
gfkmf / ut jif{sf] vr{ ;dfof]hg ?=# s/f]8 *$ nfv ;d]t u/L jiff{Gtdf ;l~rt
gf]S;fgL ?=! ca{ *& s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 .
173.7 b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfgsf] @)&!.&@ ;Dd sf]if ?=&# s/f]8, ;+lrt gf]S;fg ?=$& s/f]8 #^
nfv, l:y/ ;DklQ ?=#$ s/f]8 $% nfv, lgdf{0ffwLg ;DklQ ?=%* nfv, nufgL ?=@ s/f]8
&) nfv, v'b rfn' ;DklQ C0ffTds ?=!@ s/f]8 & nfv /x]sf] 5 . ;+:yfsf] g]6jy{ ?=@%
s/f]8 ^% nfv k'u]sf] 5 . ut jif{;Dd ;l~rt gf]S;fg ?=%! s/f]8 $^ nfv /x]sf]df o;
jif{ ?=$ s/f]8 @* nfv v'b gfkmf / ut jif{sf] cfos/ ;dfof]hg ?=!& nfv ;d]t u/L
jiff{Gtdf ;l~rt gf]S;fg ?=$& s/f]8 #^ nfv /x]sf] 5 .
173.8 x]6f}+8f l;d]G6 pBf]u lnld6]8sf] @)&!.&@ ;Dd z]o/ k'FhLsf]if ?=() s/f]8 & nfv, hu]8f
tyf ;l~rt gf]S;fg ?=*# s/f]8 !% nfv, u}/ rfn' bfloTj ?=! ca{ !% s/f]8 @ nfv,
rfn' bfloTj ?= %! s/f]8 &! nfv 5 . To:t} u}/ rfn' ;Dklt ?=(# s/f]8 (^ nfv / rfn'
;Dklt ?=&( s/f]8 &@ nfv 5 . pBf]usf] g]6jy{ ?=^ s/f]8 (@ nfv /x]sf] 5 . ut
jif{;Ddsf] ;l~rt gf]S;fg ?=^( s/f]8 #! nfv ePsf]df of] jif{ ?=% s/f]8 #@ nfv gfkmf
u/]sf] 5 . ljut jif{sf] cfos/ ?=!( s/f]8 !^ nfv vr{ eO{ jiff{Gtdf ;l~rt gf]S;fgL
?=*# s/f]8 !% nfv k'u]sf] 5 .
pBf]usf] lSn+s/ pTkfbg Ifdtf jflif{s @ nfv ^) xhf/ d]l6«s6g /x]sf]df o; jif{ !
nfv $ xhf/ d]l6«s6g dfq pTkfbg u/]sf] 5 . pBf]usf] l:y/ vr{ lg/Gt/ a9\bf] qmddf
/x]sf] t/ Ifdtfsf] sl/a $) k|ltztdfq pkof]u ePsf] 5 .
173.9 s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgLsf] @)&@.&# ;Dd z]o/ k'FhL ?=$@ s/f]8 ^# nfv, hu]8f sf]if tyf
;l~rt gfkmf ?=(! s/f]8 @$ nfv, l:y/ ;DklQ ?=*! s/f]8 ( nfv, nufgL ?=$@ s/f]8
&^ nfv, v'b rfn' ;DklQ ?=!) s/f]8 @ nfv 5 . ut jif{;Ddsf] ;l~rt gfkmf ?=#%
s/f]8 % nfv /x]sf]df of] jif{ gfkmf ?=^@ nfv yk eO{ o; jif{;Ddsf] ;l~rt gfkmf ?=#%
s/f]8 ^& nfv k'u]sf] 5 .
173.10 /fli6«o cfjf; sDkgLsf] @)&!.&@ ;Dd z]o/ k'FhL ?=%@ s/f]8, hu]8f sf]if ?=@ ca{ %$
s/f]8, l:y/ ;DklQ ?=@! s/f]8 $& nfv, nufgL ?=! s/f]8 & nfv / v'b rfn' ;DklQ ?=@
ca{ #& s/f]8 5 . ut jif{;Ddsf] ;l~rt gfkmf ?=$ s/f]8 &$ nfv /x]sf]df of] jif{ gfkmf
?=% s/f]8 !# nfv eO{ o; jif{;Ddsf] ;l~rt gfkmf ?=( s/f]8 *& nfv k'u]sf] 5 .
173.11 g]zgn 6]«l8Ë lnld6]8sf] @)^(.&) ;Dd z]o/ k'FhL ?=!^ s/f]8 (# nfv, hu]8f tyf
;l~rt gf]S;fg ?=&& s/f]8 %* nfv, bL3{sfnLg C0f ?=!% s/f]8, l:y/ ;DklQ ?=@ s/f]8
^( nfv, nufgL ?=$ s/f]8 * nfv C0ffTds / v'b rfn' ;DklQ ?=$$ s/f]8 @^ nfv
C0ffTds /x]sf] 5 .
ut jif{;Ddsf] ;l~rt gf]S;fg ?=&) s/f]8 &( nfv /x]sf]df of] jif{ ?=!$ s/f]8
^@ nfv gf]S;fg yk eO{ o; jif{;Ddsf] ;l~rt gf]S;fg ?=*% s/f]8 $! nfv k'u]sf] 5 .
173.12 g]kfn cf}iflw lnld6]8sf] @)&).&! ;Dd z]o/ k'FhL ?=& s/f]8 %% nfv, hu]8f sf]if tyf
;l~rt gfkmf ?=! ca{ $ s/f]8 C0ffTds, dWod tyf bL3{sfnLg C0f ?=## s/f]8 ( nfv
l:y/ ;DklQ ?=! s/f]8 (^ nfv, nufgL ?=!# nfv / v'b rfn' ;DklQ ?=^% s/f]8 $*
nfv C0ffTds /x]sf] 5 . ut jif{;Ddsf] ;l~rt gf]S;fg ?=(@ s/f]8 /x]sf]df of] jif{
gf]S;fg ?=!% s/f]8 eO{ o; jif{;Ddsf] ;l~rt gf]S;fg ?=! ca{ & s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 .
173.13 hgsk'/ r'/f]6 sf/vfgf lnld6]8sf] @)&).&! ;Dd z]o/ k'FhL sf]if ?=$ s/f]8 * nfv,
hu]8f tyf ;l~rt gf]S;fg ?=@ ca{ %) s/f]8, dWod tyf bL3{sfnLg C0f ?=@ ca{ %@
s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . l:y/ ;DklQ ?=@ s/f]8 $@ nfv, nufgL ?=% s/f]8 !) nfv / v'b rfn'
;DklQ ?=@ s/f]8 !& nfv C0ffTds 5 . ut jif{;Ddsf] ;l~rt gf]S;fg ?=! ca{ ePsf]df
of] jif{ ?=! ca{ %& s/f]8 yk gf]S;fg eO{ jiff{Gtdf ;l~rt gf]S;fgL ?=@ ca{ %& s/f]8
k'u]sf] 5 .
174. cfGtl/s lgoGq0f Joj:yf – o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
174.1 g]kfn /fi6« a}Íaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ @)&@.&# df ;'g df}Hbft @ xhf/ ^!% lsnf] / rfFbL
! nfv @^ xhf/ !&@ lsnf] /x]sf] 5 . pko'{Qm df}Hbftsf] z'4tfsf] dfqfcg';f/ 6r
gDa/;lxt ljj/0f /fVg'kg]{df s'n df}Hbftsf] tf}n kl/df0f / /sd dfqsf] ljj/0f /fv]sf] 5 .
;'g rfFbLsf] ef}lts k/LIf0f lstfaL kl/df0fsf] cfwf/df ul/Psf] 5 . jf:tljs kl/df0f tyf
u'0f:t/ olsg ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
174.2 g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ sd{rf/L ;~rosf]if, cf}iflw pkrf/ sf]if, pkbfg sf]if /
sd{rf/L ;'/Iff sf]ifsf cnfjf lbOPsf !$ lsl;dsf eQfdWo] & lsl;dsf eQf ;a}n] / yk
& lsl;dsf eQf ljz]if ;d"xsf sd{rf/Lx?n] kfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . o:tf eQf / k|f]T;fxg
jfktsf] vr{ tnj vr{sf] cg'kftdf !(% k|ltzt x'g cfpF5 . @)&@.&# df tna afx]s
?=! ca{ !) s/f]8 cGo eQf tyf k|f]T;fxgsf] lglDt vr{ n]v]sf] 5 .
174.3 g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] @)^(.!).( df hf/L u/]sf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgfdf ljb]zL d'b|fdf u/]sf]
nufgLaf6 cfh{g u/]sf] d'gfkmf lkmtf{ n}hfg k'FhL lelqPsf] k|df0f:j?k ljb]zL a}Ídfk{mt
g]kfnL aF}Ídf hDdf ePsf] vftfsf] ljj/0f k]z ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . Ps ;~rf/ sDkgLn]
@)&!.*.@! eGbf cl3 ?=% s/f]8 *! nfv dfq g]kfnL a}Ídf hDdf u/]sf] / ;f] ldlt kl5
@)&@.!!.)& ;Dddf yk ?=@ s/f]8 @! nfv g]kfnsf] Ps lghL a}Ídf hDdf ePsf] 5 .
o;/L @)&!.*.@! eGbfkl5 dfq g]kfndf k|fKt ePsf] k'FhL b]vfO{ @)^*.^( sf] d'gfkmf ?=*
ca{ *) s/f]8 lkmtf{ n}hfg pQm sDkgLnfO{ a}Ín] ;xdlt lbPsf] 5 . Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf]
cy{ ;ldltn] @)&#.)@.@! df g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ sDkgLsf] :jfldTj kl/jt{g / nfe s/
;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L bf]ifLnfO{ sf/afxL ug{ lgb]{zg lbPsf]df ;f]cg';f/ gu/L sDkgLnfO{
d'gfkmf lkmtf{ n}hfg ;xdlt lbOPsf] b]lvof] .

174.4 sd{rf/L ;~ro sf]ifsf] o; jif{sf] cGTodf a}Í lx;fa ldnfg x'g afFsL ?=! ca{ %^ s/f]8
## nfv b]lvPsf] 5 . pQm /sdsf]] cfo'ut ljj/0f pknAw gePsfn] ;f] /sdn] sf]ifsf]
;DklQ, bfloTj, cfo tyf Joodf kg{ ;Sg] c;/ olsg ug]{ cj:yf 5}g . ;do d} lx;fa
ldnfg ug'{kb{5 .
174.5 /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}Í lnld6]8sf] cGt/ zfvf lx;fa ldnfgsf] cj:yf sdhf]/ /x]sf]n] o;
jif{sf] cGTo;Dddf cGt/ zfvf lx;fa ldnfg x'g afFsL ?=# ca{ #& s/f]8 b]lvPsf] 5 .
lx;fa ldnfg x"g g;sL jiff}{+b]lv afFsL /x]sf /sdx? ;d]t ;dfj]z /x]sf], cfo'ut
aSof}tf ljj/0f tof/ u/L rfl/qLs/0f gul/Psf] / To:tf /sdx?sf] lx;fa ldnfg gePaf6
a}Ísf] ;DklQ, bfloTj, cfo tyf Joodf sf/f]af/sf] k|s[ltcg';f/ kg]{ c;/ olsg ug{ ;Sg]
cj:yf /x]sf] 5}g .
Dofb k"/f ePsf] lgIf]k ?=65 s/f]8 / ck|dfl0ft lgIf]k ?=34 s/f]8 u/L hDdf ?=99
s/f]8 ;dfj]z /x]sf] 5 . ut jif{ o:tf /sdx? qmdzM ?=50 s/f]8 / ?=34 s/f]8 u/L
?=84 s/f]8 /x]sf] lyof] . o:tf /sddf ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf j[l4 ePsf]n] Joj:yfkgaf6
jfl~5t sfo{ ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5}g . Dofb k"/f ePsf lgIf]knfO{ gjLs/0f u/fpg], lkmtf{ x'g
g;s]sf lgIf]kx?nfO{ lkmtf{ x'g g;s]sf] sf/0fsf] k|s[ltcg';f/ juL{s/0f u/L pko'Qm pkfo
cjnDjg ug'{kg]{df ;f] u/]sf] 5}g . /sd ;DalGwt lgIf]k vftfdf hDdf ug{ l9nfO ePaf6
a}Ísf] ;fvdf k|lts"n c;/ kg{ hfG5 .
174.6 /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}Ísf] g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] ckn]vg u/]sf shf{x?sf] lwtf] ;DklQx? a}Ín]
;sf/ ug]{ / gu/]df ckn]vg ug{ gldNg] lgb]{zg hf/L u/]sf]df ;f] ljk/Lt o; cfly{s
jif{sf] ;fFjf ?=!( s/f]8 $$ nfv / Aofh ?=@) s/f]8 #@ nfv u/L ?=#( s/f]8 &^ nfv
;d]t @)&# cfiff9 d;fGt;Dddf ;fFjf ?=! ca{ %! s/f]8 / Aofh ?=! ca{ !& s/f]8 #&
nfvdfq c;'npk/ ePsf] b]lvG5 eg] ;fFjf ?=# ca{ #) s/f]8 #^ nfv c;'npk/ ug{ afFsL
/x]sf] b]lvG5 .
174.7 b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfgsf] Ps cfof]hgfn] x:tfGt/0f u/L k7fPsf b'Uw kbfy{ csf]{ cfof]hgfn]
36L cfDbfgL b]vfPsf] cj:yfdf ;+:yfgsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{odf gf]S;fg kf/]sf
;fdfgsf] lhDd]jf/L cfof]hgf k|d'vsf] x'g] pNn]v 5 . wgu9Ln] g]kfnuGh k7fPsf]df km/s
?=^ nfv, hgsk'/n] la/f6gu/nfO{ k7fPsf]df km/s ?=^ nfv, x]6f}F8fn] sf7df8f}+nfO{
k7fPsf]df km/s ?=#@ nfv, lj/f6gu/n] sf7df8f}FnfO{ k7fPsf]df km/s ?=( nfv /
n'lDagLn] Ps 8]/LnfO{ k7fPsf]df km/s ?=* nfv b]lvPsf] 5 . gf]S;fg u/]sf] lhDd]jf/L
cfof]hgf k|d'vsf] x'g] pNn]v ePadf]lhd 36L b]vfPsf] /sd 5fglag u/L ;DalGwtaf6
c;'n ug{'kg{] b]lvG5 .
kf]lnlyg lkmNd vl/b ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;+:yfg / cfk"t{s sDkgLaLr ePsf]
;Demf}tfcg';f/ ! s]=hL kf]lnlyg lkmNdaf6 Go"gtd #** kfs]6df b"w el/g] / @
k|ltzteGbf a9L Iflt gx'g] u'0f:t/ k|dfl0ft ePsf] kf]lnlyg lkmNd vl/b u/]sf] 5 . bxL
eg]{ kf]lnlygaf6 k|lt s]=hL= #)) kfs]6 tof/ x'g'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . ;f]xL cfwf/df b"w tyf
bxL Kofs]6 aGg'kg]{df ;+:yfgsf cfof]hgfx?df ?=! s/f]8 & nfv a/fa/sf] KoflsË ;fdfg
a9L vkt ePsf] kfOof] . gD;{eGbf a9L vr{ b]lvPsf]df ;DalGwtnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .

174.8 x]6f}+8f l;d]G6 pBf]un] o; jif{;Dd sd{rf/L lxt sf]ifdf ?=1 ca{ 45 nfv vr{ n]vfÍg
u/]sf] 5 . Joj:yf /sd a/fa/ nufgL sfod u/L ;DklQ / bfloTj a/fa/ x'g'kg]{df
gful/s nufgL sf]ifdf ?=53 s/f]8 2 nfvdfq hDdf u/L ?=47 s/f]8 43 nfv sd nufgL
u/]sf] 5 .
df}Hbftdf b]vfOPsf] dWo] hg/n :6f]/tkm{ ?=38 nfv 11 xhf/ a/fa/sf] ;fdfg
2068/69 af6 xfn;Dd vr{ ePsf] b]lvFb}g . cGo :6f]/x?sf] vr{ gePsf] ;fdfgx?sf]
ljj/0f n]vfk/LIf0f cjlw;Dd k|fKt x'g ;s]g . k|of]udf gcfpg] ;fdfgx? e08f/ df}Hbftdf
/xgfn] rfn' k'FhLdf c;/ kg{ hfg] / e08f/df cgfjZos 7fpF cf]u6\g] b]lvG5 . k|of]udf
gcfpg] df}Hbftdf /x]sf ;fdfgx?sf] olsg u/L Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . pBf]usf]
s]Gb|Lo sfof{non] o; jif{ vl/b u/L vkt gu/]sf] df}Hbft s'n vl/bsf] 20.45 k|ltzt
cyf{t\ ?=1 s/f]8 55 nfv a/fa/sf] /x]sf] 5 . cfjZostfsf] klxrfg u/L v/Lb ug'{kb{5 .
174.9 s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL lnld6]8n] dnsf] nfut cg'dfg ubf{ o'l/ofsf] dWok"j{, blIf0f Pl;of /
rLgsf], tyf 8L=P=kL=sf] df]/f]Ssf], hf]8{g, ;fpbL c/]laof, rLg / ef/tsf] cf};t d"No lng]
u/]sf]n] Go"gtd d"NoeGbf cf};t d"No k|lt d]=6g cd]l/sL 8n/ !=%) b]lv @@ a9L ePsf]
kfOof] . pQm b]zx?dWo] Go"gtd Pkm=cf]=aL= d"No ePsf] b]zsf] d"NonfO{ cfwf/ lng'kg]{df
glnPsf]n] o'l/of dn ! nfv !! xhf/ *(( d]=6gsf] cd]l/sL 8n/ !=%) n] x'g] ! nfv
^* xhf/, kf]6f; dn $(*& d]= 6gsf] cd]l/sL 8n/ !% n] x'g] &% xhf/ / 8L=P=kL= dn
^# xhf/ @*& d]= 6gsf] cd]l/sL 8n/ !@ n] x'g] & nfv %( xhf/ u/L cd]l/sL 8n/ !)
nfv @ xhf/sf] ?=!) s/f]8eGbf a9L x'Fbf ;f] /sdsf] xf/fxf/Ldf nfut a9L x'g uPsf] 5 .
vl/b ul/Psf ;Dk"0f{ /f;folgs dn rLgdf pTkfbg ePsf] b]lvPsf]n] rLg nufot cGo
l5d]sL d'n'ssf]] ahf/ d"NonfO{ cfwf/ dfgL nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/]df oyfy{k/s x'g]
b]lvG5 .
175. lghLs/0f – lghLs/0f ;ldltn] xfn;Dd lghLs/0f eO;s]sf ;+:yfaf6 ;/sf/n] k|fKt ug+
afFsL ls:tf, ;Demf}tfsf] zt{adf]lhd nfUg] Aofh tyf xhf{gf u0fgf u/L lghLs[t ;+:yfsf]
5'§f5'§} clen]v v8f u/L cBfjlws nut /fvL cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf @@
adf]lhd ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] @)&#.#.#! df g]kfn /f]lhg P08 6k]{G6fOg sDkgL;Fu
hUuf ef8fafkt ;Demf}tfcg';f/ a'dmfpg afFsL /sddf Aofh / xhf{gf ;d]t ?=^ s/f]8 (
nfv ;d:of ;dfwfg u/L c;'n ug{ / /3'klt h'6 ldN;sf] z]o/ laqmLafkt ;Ddmf}tfcg';f/
Aofh / xhf{gf ;d]t ?=! s/f]8 *$ nfv c;'n ug{ lgb]{zg lbPsf]df c;'n ePsf] 5}g .
e[s'6L sfuh sf/vfgfsf] ;DklQ tyf Joj;fo laqmL eO{ Ps lnld6]8af6 ;Ddmf}tf adf]lhd
k|fKt x'g'kg]{ ? !& s/f]8 $ nfvdf !& k|ltztn] x'g] Aofh / $ k|ltztn] x'g] xhf{gf ;d]t
c;'n ug]{tkm{ dGqfnoaf6 sf/afxL x'g'kb{5 . aSof}tf /sd c;'nLtkm{ sf/afxL e}/x]sf]
dGqfnosf] k|ltlqmof /x]sf] 5 .
176. bfloTj e'QmfgL – ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?sf] bfloTj ToxL ;+:yfsf] ;DklQaf6 Joxf]g'{ kg]{ /
lnld6]8 sDkgLsf] ?kdf :yflkt ;+:yfsf] bfloTj nufgL u/]sf] z]o/df ;Lldt x'g'kg]{ eP
tfklg ljutdf ljlgj]z, lj36g / vf/]hL u/]sf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgdf ;d]t ;/sf/n]
lg/Gt/ 7"nf] nufgL u/L /x]sf] b]lvG5 . xfn;Dd !& ;+:yfdf ?=% ca{ $& s/f]8 bfloTj
e'QmfgLsf] nflu nufgL ePsf]] 5 . ctM ljlgj]z, lj36g / vf/]h u/]sf ;fj{hlgs
;+:yfgsf] bfloTj e'QmfgL k|of]hgdf nufgL ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ yk Joo ef/ kg]{ ePsfn]
pQm ;+:yfgx?sf] ;dod} Joj:yfkg ug'{kb{5 . ;+:yfgx?sf] ;DklQsf] d"No g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
nufgLeGbf a9L /x]sf]n] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ yk Jooef/ gkg]{ dGqfnosf] k|ltlqmof /x]sf] 5 .
177. z]o/ nufgL k|ltkmn – dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/n]
xfn;Dd !)& ;+:yfdf s'n ?=! va{ %* ca{ && s/f]8 z]o/ nufgL u/]sf]df of] jif{ (
;+:yfaf6 ?=!$ ca{ (* s/f]8 @( nfv -nufgLsf] (=$# k|ltzt_ nfef+z k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
;f] k|ltkmndWo] g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf] $^=&@ k|ltzt / g]kfn 6]lnsdsf] $%=*) k|ltzt /x]sf]
5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cf+lzs, clwsf+z / k"0f{:jfldTj ePsf] ;+:yfsf] 5'§f5'§} clen]v /fv]sf]
5}g . nufgLsf] t'ngfdf k|ltkmn Go"g /x]sf] kl/k|]Iodf ;/sf/L ;+:yfgsf] bIftf clej[l4
x'g'kb{5 .
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ?=@^ ca{ ^& s/f]8 z]o/ nufgL ePsf b]xfosf ;+:yfgx?n]
@)&!.&@ df ?=@ ca{ #@ s/f]8 ^( nfv gfkmf k|fKt u/] tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ nfef+z
3f]if0ff u/L a'emfPsf] b]lvPg . ctM ;DalGwt ;+:yfx?af6 nufgLsf] k|ltkmn ;dodf k|fKt
ug'{kb{5 .
-? nfvdf_
l;=g+= ;+:yf z]o/ nufgL gfkmf -cf=j= @)&!.&@_
1. g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f 208209 11800
2. g]kfn jfo' ;]jf lgud 3792 2140
3. hnljB't nufgL tyf ljsf; sDkgL 50000 3388
4. g]kfn kf/axg tyf uf]bfd Joj:yf sDkgL 122 201
5. gful/s nufgL sf]if 450 1717
6. g]kfn cf}wf]lus ljsf; lgud 4127 4023
hDdf 266700 23269
178. z]o/ / C0f nufgLdf km/s – cy{ dGqfnon] pknAw u/fPsf] z]o/ nufgLsf] cBfjlws
cfly{s ljj/0f / dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] /fv]sf] z]o/ nufgL clen]v le8fg ePsf]
5}g . ljleGg !& ;+:yfdf z]o/ nufgLsf] cfly{s ljj/0fdf pNn]v ePsf] eGbf % ;+:yfn]
?=! ca{ @^ s/f]8 ** nfv a9L / !@ ;+:yfn] ?=!& ca{ *$ s/f]8 *# nfv 36L z]o/
nufgL b]vfPsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L lx;fa olsg ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
cy{ dGqfnon]] pknAw u/fPsf] C0f nufgLsf] ljj/0fcg';f/sf] /sd;Fu dxfn]vf
lgoGqs sfof{non] /fv]sf] C0f nufgLsf] clen]v /sd le8fg ePsf] 5}g . ljleGg $
;+:yfdf z]o/ tyf C0f nufgLsf] cfly{s ljj/0fdf eGbf ?=% ca{ &$ s/f]8 ^^ nfv a9L
/ !) ;+:yfsf] ?=$ ca{ $) nfv 36L C0f nufgL b]vfPsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf 5fglag
u/L lx;fa olsg ug'{kb{5 .
179. cfGtl/s / j}b]lzs ;|f]taf6 C0f nufgL – dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] k]z u/]sf] cfly{s
ljj/0fcg';f/ of] jif{ cfGtl/s ;|f]taf6 !# ;+:yfdf ?=!( ca{ !% s/f]8 / j}b]lzs ;|f]taf6
?=% ca{ ^$ s/f]8 C0f nufgL ePsf] 5 .
pko'{Qm nufgLdWo] * ;+:yfgdf k|zf;lgs vr{, sd{rf/Lsf] tna eQf, bfloTj
e'QmfgL, k'/fgf] shf{ /fkm;fkm , sd{rf/Lsf] nflu pkbfg nufotsf sfo{df ?=%^ s/f]8
$* nfv C0f nufgL u/]sf] kfOof] . ;+:yfg ;~rfng tyf k|zf;lgs vr{, tna eQf,
shf{ /fkm;fkmsf nflu ;d]t C0f k|bfg ug'{ pko'Qm xf]Og . o:tf lsl;dsf nufgL
lg0f{onfO{ lg?T;flxt ug'{kg]{ b]lvof] .
180. efvf gf3]sf] ;fFjf Aofh – dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ ut jif{ ?=&)
ca{ %* s/f]8 $! nfv /x]sf]df o; jif{ %#=(^ k|ltzt j[l4 eO{ ?=! va{ * ca{ ^* s/f]8
k'u]sf] 5 . pQm c;'n x'g afFsL ;fFjf Aofhdf g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fsf] ?=*$ ca{ &(
s/f]8, sf7df8f} pkTosf vfg]kfgL Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ?=! ca{ ^& s/f]8, hgsk'/ r'/f]6
sf/vfgfsf] ?=! ca{ * s/f]8 / uf]/vsfnL /a/ pBf]usf] ?=! ca{ % s/f]8 pNn]Vo /x]sf] 5 .
efvf gf3]sf] ;fFjf Aofh c;'n gePsf] cj:yfdf s]xL ;+:yfgx?df yk nufgL ;d]t u/]sf]
b]lvG5 . efvf gf3]sf ;fFjf, Aofh afFsL /fVg]df vf/]h ePsf, laqmL tyf ef8fdf uPsf,
cl:tTj ;dfKt ePsf / lgliqmo ;+:yfx? ;d]t /x]sf 5g\ . efvf gf3]sf] ;fFjf lkmtf+ tyf
Aofh c;'nL k|efjsf/L agfpg'kb{5 .
181. kl/of]hgf shf{ – sd{rf/L ;~ro sf]ifsf] kl/of]hgf shf{ cGtu{t ;+:yfut shf{ /
;xljQLos/0f shf{ ut jif{ ?=25 ca{ 59 s/f]8 /x]sf]df o; jif{ ?= 14 ca{ 52 s/f]8
dfq /x]sf] 5 . sf]ifsf] nufgL 43 k|ltztn] 36]sf] b]lvG5 . To:t} shf{ k|jfxsf qmddf
C0fLn] k|To]s jif{ cfˆgf] ljQLo ljj/0f sf]ifdf k7fpg'kg]{ Aoj:yf u/] klg clwsf+z C0fLn]
n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tyf ljQLo ljj/0f sf]ifdf k7fpg] u/]sf] kfOPg . ;xljQLos/0f shf{
cGt{ut k|jfx ePsf 11 C0fLsf] ?=52 s/f]8 df}Hbftsf] ;'lglZrttf k|fKt ePsf] 5}g\ .
sf]if / Ps k|f=ln=aLr 2068/12/27 df Ps kl/of]hgfsf nflu shf{ k|bfg ug]{
;Demf}tf ePsf] lyof] . C0fL sDkgLnfO{ k|jfx ePsf] C0f /sd xfn v/fj shf{df juL{s/0f
eO;s]sf] 5 . C0fL sDkgL tLg jif{b]lv ;Dks{df /x]sf] kfOPg . pQm k|f=ln=n] rfn' cfly{s
jif{sf] cGt;Dd ?=30 s/f]8 78 nfv e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . @)&).(.@) / (.@! df
uf]/vfkq b}lgsdf C0fLnfO{ shf{ r'Qmf ug{ #% lbg] ;"rgf k|sflzt u/]sf] afx]s shf{
c;'nL tyf lwtf] lnnfdL ;DaGwdf sf]ifn] s'g} sf/afxL u/]sf] kfOPg . sfg'gsf] kfngf
gug]{nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
182. ef8f aSof}tf – sd{rf/L ;~ro sf]if / Ps ef8fjfnaLr nugv]nl:yt sf]ifsf] ejg !%
jif{;Ddsf] nflu dfl;s ?=54 nfv &) xhf/ ef8fdf lbg @)&!.(.^ df ;Demf}tf ePsf]
lyof] . ;Demf}tfadf]lhd sf]ifn] k|fKt ug'{kg]{ jSof}tf ?=8 s/f]8 83 nfv b]lvof] . pQm
ejgsf] ef8f ;'/If0fsf nflu /flvPsf] ?=6 s/f]8 56 nfv a/fa/sf] a}Í Uof/]G6Ln] gk'u
/sd ?=2 s/f]8 27 nfv sf]ifnfO{ gf]S;fg k'Ug] b]lvPsf]n] sf]ifsf ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{
183. C0f /fkm;fkm – /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}Ísf] o; jif{ ?=1 s/f]8eGbf a9L shf{ afFsL ePsf !!
7"nf C0fLsf] ?=43 s/f]8 91 nfv /fkm;fkm u/fPsf] 5 . To:t} hgsk'/ r'/f]6 sf/vfgf;Fu
?=11 s/f]8eGbf a9L lng aFfsL ;Ffjf Aofh /sd c;'nLsf] nflu pBf]u dGqfno tyf cy{
dGqfnodf kqfrf/ eP tfklg xfn;Dd zf]wegf{ k|fKt x'g afFsL b]lvG5 .
184. gjLs/0f b:t'/ – g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0fn] df]afOn ;]jfsf] nflu g]kfn b"/;~rf/
sDkgLnfO{ @)%^.!.@( b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L !) jif{sf nflu ?=@! s/f]8 cg'dlt b:t'/ /
gjLs/0f ubf{ kl5 k|lt:kwf{af6 5flgPsf ;]jf k|bfosn] ltg]{ gjLs/0f b:t'/ g} lng] u/L
lbPsf] cg'dltkq @)^^.!.@( df % jif{sf nflu ?=!* s/f]8 () nfvdfq lnO{ klxnf] k6s
gjLs/0f u/]sf] b]lvG5 . tTkZrft\ jf]nkq k|lt:kwf{af6 5flgPsf] Ps k|f=ln= n] ?=@) ca{
cg'dltkq gjLs/0f b:t'/ ltg{ dGh'/ u/]sf] 5 . ;f] cfwf/df g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgLn]
klxnf] k6s cg'dltkq gjLs/0f u/fpFbf u/]sf] sa'nsf] cfwf/df ?=@) ca{ g} gjLs/0f
b:t'/ lng'kg]{df klxnf] k6ssf] gljs/0f b:t'/ k"/f e'QmfgL gePsf] cj:yfdf k'gM bf];|f]
k6s ?=!* s/f]8 () nfv dfq lnO{ @)&!.!.@^ df gjLs/0f ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] b]lvof] .
g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgLn] cfk"mn] saf]n u/]sf] zt{adf]lhd ?=@) ca{ gjLs/0f b:t'/
e'\QmfgL gePsf] cj:yfdf k|flws/0fn] zt{adf]lhdsf] /sd lnP glnPsf] ;DaGwdf u/]sf]
sf/afxLsf af/]df / df]afOn ;]jf gjLs/0f ;DaGwdf lhDd]af/ kIfnfO{ s'g} sf/afxL ePsf]
k|df0f k]z u/]sf] 5}g .
185. ljB't gf]S;fgL – g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fn] pknAw u/fPsf] ljj/0fcg';f/ o; jif{sf] pmhf{
pknlAw / ljt/0f l:ylt lgDgfg';f/ 5M
pknlAw -luufjf6 cfj/_ ljt/0f -luufjf6 cfj/_ r'xfj6
ljj/0f
pTkfbg vl/b hDdf cfGtl/s vkt laqmL r'xfj6 k|ltzt
@)&).&! 2298 2389 4687 36 3496 1155 24.64
@)&!.&@ 2367 2639 5006 39 3744 1223 24.44
a[l4 k|ltzt 3.00 10.46 6.81 8.33 7.09 5.89 -0.81
k|flws/0fsf] of] jif{sf] pmhf{ gf]S;fgL ljut jif{eGbf )=@@ k|ltztn] ;'wf/ eO{
@$=$$ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . of] jif{dfq ?=( ca{ (* s/f]8 #) nfv -cf};t laqmL b/
?=*=!^_ a/fa/sf] pmhf{ gf]S;fgL /x]sf] x'Fbf Joj:yfksLo kIfdf ;'wf/ u/L lgoGq0f
ul/g'kb{5 .
cfly{s tyf k|zf;g ljlgodfjnL, @)^* sf] ljlgod #^-^_ adf]lhd Joj:yfkgn]
lgdf{0ffwLg ;DklQsf] ef}lts k/LIf0f ug]{ u/]sf] kfOPg . g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fn] ljut
jif{b]lv lgdf{0ffwLg ;DklQdf b]vfpFb} cfPsf] ?=%$ s/f]8 *& nfv a/fa/sf] !%$
cfof]hgfdf yk sfo{ k|ult ePsf] 5}g . lgdf{0ffwLg ;DklQdf n]vfÍg u/]sf] ?=! s/f]8 &$
nfv a/fa/sf] $ cfof]hgfsf] ef}lts cl:tTj /x]sf] kfOPg . To:t} lgdf{0ffwLg ;DklQdf
C0ffTds df}Hbft ?=& s/f]8 *^ nfv 5 . sfo{ ;DkGg eO;s]sf ?=^( s/f]8 #@ nfv
a/fa/sf @& cfof]hgfsf] ;DklQ k'FhLs/0f u/]sf] kfOPg .
186. yk Jooef/ – g]kfn cf}iflw lnld6]8sf] sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ lgodfjnL, @)%$ df ;dfj]z
gePsf]n] cy{ dGqfnosf] k"j{;xdltlagf sd{rf/Lsf] hLjg aLdf sf]if ;[hgf ug{ gldNg]df
;~rfns ;ldltn] @)^(.!@.!* df sd{rf/L cjsfz x['bf jf sDkgLaf6 lgj[t x'bf jf
g]kfn ;/sf/n] sDkgL aGb u/fpFbf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;'? tnasf] % jif{n] x'g] /sd vr{
n]Vg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . lg0f{osf] sf/0fn] sDkgLnfO|{ ?=!& s/f]8 *) nfv Yfk Jooef/ k/]sf]
5 . sfg'gL cfwf/a]u/ lg0f{o ug]{nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg' cfjZos 5 .
Rfd]lnof hnljB't cfof]hgf @)^# kf}ifb]lv ;'? eO{ @)^* kf}ifdf ;DkGg x'g'kg]{df
@)&@ r}q;Dd Dofb yk ePsf] 5 . @)&!.&@ sf] jiff{Gtdf pQm cfof]hgfsf] ef}lts k|ult
($=(( k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . ;f] cfof]hgfsf] cg'dflgt nfut ?=* ca{ %) s/f]8 ePsf] t/
cf]e/x]8 j[l4, d"No j[l4 / e]l/P;gsf sf/0f nfut j[l4 eO{ ?=!% ca{ ^ s/f]8 k'Ug uPsf]]
5 . ;fy} lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ePsf] s/f/df k|f]nË];g d"No bfaL Joj:yf geP tfklg ;f]
cGtu{t @)&!.&@ df ?=@@ s/f]8 @# nfv a/fa/sf] n]vfÍg u/]sf]n] a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf]
lgod;Ddt dfGg ;lsPg .
187. lr/fg Hofnf tyf df}Hbft – af]nkqdf k|sflzt kl/df0fnfO{ 6'qmf6'qmf u/L sfo{ u/fpg'
x'Fb}g / sf7 bfp/fsf] df}Hbft oyfy{k/s tj/n] u0fgf ug'{kb{5 . b l6Da/ skf]{/];g ckm
g]kfnn] lr/fgsf] sfd gu/]sf] cfk"lt{stf{nfO{ af]nkqdf k|sflzt kl/df0feGbf Go"g
kl/df0fsf] 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf u/L ?=$$ nfv lr/fg Hofnf e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} kz'klt
nufot $ l8kf]df & xhf/ !)) lSjG6n bfp/f laqmLsf] x'g] ?=! s/f]8 & nfv u0fgfdf
36L b]lvPsf]df 5fglag u/L df}Hbftsf] cfZj:ttf pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 .
 clwsf+z :jfldTjsf ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f

188. n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQmsf] k/fdz{ – n]vfk/LIf0f P]g -klxnf] ;+zf]wg @)&#_ sf] bkmf &-@_
cg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] clwsf+z :jfldTj ePsf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm ug{
k/fdz{ dfu ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm ubf{ k/fdz{ dfu ug'{kg]{ ;+ul7t
;+:yfsf] ;+Vof olsg 5}g . of] jif{ !& ;+:yfn] n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm ug{ k/fdz{ dfu u/]sf
5g\ . ;dod} k/fdz{ dfu u/L n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fpg] ;+:yfpk/ ;DalGwt dGqfnooaf6
cfjZos sf/afxL ul/g'kb{5 . ;fy} cy{ dGqfno / dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{Nfon] g]kfn
;/sf/sf] clwsf+z :jfldTj ePsf ;+ul7t ;+:yfx?sf] clen]v cBfjlws ug'{kb{5 .
;+ljwfgadf]lhd n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQmsf nflu dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] k/fdz{ dfu ug'{kg]{df
a'6jn wfuf] sDkgL lnld6]8 / l;l8P; P08 lSnol/Ë lnld6]8n] k/fdz{ dfu gu/L
n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm u/]sf 5g\ .
189. ljQLo l:ylt – k/fdz{ lbPsf s]xL ;+:yfx?sf] ljQLo l:ylt Pj+ ;~rfng glthf
lgDgfg';f/ 5M
189.1 g]kfn 6]lnsdsf] z]o/ nufgLdfq /x]sf] k'FhL ;+/rgfdf z]o/ wgLsf]if ut jif{eGbf ^=@!
k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ of] jif{ z]o/ k'FhL ?=% ca{;lxt ?=*^ ca{ # s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . of] s'n
k'FhL tyf bfloTjsf] &$=^$ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . s'n ;DklQ ?=! va{ !% ca{ @^ s/f]8dWo]
%#=() k|ltzt /x]sf] rfn' ;DklQdf gub;lxt t/n ;DklQ ?=%^ ca{ ^! s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 .
o; sDkgLdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] (!=%@ k|ltzt z]o/ /x]sf] 5 .
sDkgLsf] ut jif{eGbf #=^* k|ltztn] of] jif{ cfo j[l4 eO{ s'n cfo ?=$$ ca{
@! s/f]8 /x] tfklg vf; u/L :j]lR5s cjsfz sfo{qmddf ?=$ ca{ #^ s/f]8 vr{ x'gfsf
sf/0f v'b gfkmf ut jif{eGbf ^ k|ltztn] 36L eO{ ?=!# ca{ ^* s/f]8 sfod ePsf] 5 .
s'n cfosf] (@=!@ k|ltzt ;~rf/ ;]jfsf] cfodWo] hLP;Pd df]afOntkm{ ut jif{eGbf
&=(# k|ltztn] cfo j[l4 eO ?=@@ ca{ ^$ s/f]8 tyf ;L8LPdPtkm{ ^=(# k|ltztn] cfo
j[l4 eO ?=! ca{ #^ s/f]8 k'u]sf] eP tfklg k|lt u|fxs cf};t cfo ut jif{eGbf
hLP;Pdtkm{ *=$( k|ltzt / ;L8LPdPtkm{ #=@$ k|ltzt 36L ePsf] 5 .
To:t} ut jif{eGbf O{G6/ sg]Szg / 6]lnkmf]g ;]6 nufotsf ;fdfgsf] laqmLtkm{
qmdzM @=)# k|ltzt / @*=$! k|ltztn] cfo 36L of] jif{ ?=!! ca{ $$ s/f]8 / ?=@

s/f]8 cfo /x]sf] 5 eg] cfwf/e"t 6]lnkmf]g ;]jftkm{ !=!( k|ltztn] dfq j[l4 eO{ cfo ?=%
ca{ @& s/f]8 k|fKt ePsf] 5 . v'b gfkmf 36]sf]n] k|lt z]o/ cfDbfgL ut jif{ ?=(&.)$
/x]sf]df of] jif{ ?=(!.@! /x]sf] 5 eg] k'FhL nufgLdf k|ltkmn ut jif{ !%=@! k|ltzt
/x]sf]df of] jif{ !#=*& k|ltzt x'g k'u]sf] 5 .
189.2 g]kfn cfon lgudn] ut / of] jif{ ;d]t v'b gfkmf ?=#$ ca{ $) s/f]8 cfh{g ugf{sf
sf/0f z]o/ wgLsf]if ut jif{ ?=!$ ca{ ^( s/f]8n] C0ffTds /x]sf]df of] jif{ z]o/ k'FhL
?=@( s/f]8;lxt z]o/wgL sf]if ?=! ca{ *( s/f]8 sfod ePsf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] z]o/
:jfldTj (*=#& k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
laqmL cfo ut jif{eGbf #)=!( k|ltztn] 36L eP tfklg ut jif{eGbf cGt/f{li6«o
ahf/df k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] vl/b d"Nodf cfPsf] lu/fj6n] sl/a !) k|ltzt laqmL nfut
sd x'g', C0f e'QmfgL ugf{n] Aofh e'QmfgLdf sdL x'g' / d"No l:y/Ls/0f sf]ifdf vr{ sd
x'gfsf sf/0f v'b gfkmf @*=&) k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ ?=!( ca{ #^ s/f]8 sfod x'g k'u]sf] 5 .
;f]df z+sf:kb nufgL ?=&* nfv, c;'/lIft cf;fdL ?=! s/f]8 @^ nfv tyf clu|d
e'QmfgL, k]ZsL, cGt/zfvf lx;fa ldnfg ;dfof]hg ubf{ x'g] ;Defljt gf]S;fgLnfO{
;dfof]hg ug]{ xf] eg] lgudsf] gfkmf /sd / z]o/wgL sf]if 36L x'g] l:ylt /x]sf] 5 .
189.3 s[lif ljsf; a}Ísf] z]o/wgLsf]if ut jif{eGbf !@=%! k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ of] jif{ cu|flwsf/
z]o/ ;d]tsf] k'FhL ?=!! ca{ %^ s/f]8 ;lxt ?=!* ca{ !# s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . h;df g]kfn
;/sf/sf] z]o/ lx:;f *!=$) k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . of] jif{ /fi6« a}Ísf] hf]lvd efl/t ;DklQdf
s'n k'FhLsf]if cg'kft !&=!^ k|ltzt /xg'sf ;fy} lgIf]k bfloTjafx]s jiff{Gtdf C0fkq /
shf{ zLif{sdf bfloTj ?=! ca{ ($ s/f]8 @% nfv /x]sf] t'ngfdf rfn' ;DklQ tkm{ a}Í
df}Hbft;lxt t/n ;DklQ ?=!) ca{ *! s/f]8 !! nfv /x]sf] 5 .
jiff{Gtdf /x]sf] lgIf]k ?=*& ca{ #( s/f]8af6 ut jif{eGbf !%=(! k|ltztn] shf{
tyf ;fk6Ldf j[l4 eO{ of] jif{ ?=&( ca{ $( s/f]8 kl/rfng ePsf] 5 . a}Ísf] s'n shf{
tyf ;fk6df lgliqmo shf{sf] cg'kft ut cfly{s jif{sf] %=#% k|ltztdf ;'wf/ eO{ of]
jiff{Gtdf $=#% k|ltzt sfod x'g k'u]sf] 5 .
a}Ísf] ut jif{eGbf of] jif{ v'b Aofh cfDbfgL !!=^& k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ s'n
;~rfng cfDbfgL ?=& ca{ $@ s/f]8 sfod ePsf] 5 . ;Defljt gf]S;fgL Joj:yf cl3sf]
;~rfng d'gfkmf of] jif{ @@=!# k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ ?=# ca{ ^$ s/f]8 k'u] tfklg ;Defljt
gf]S;fgL Joj:yfaf6 of] jif{sf] lkmtf{ /sd ut jif{eGbf ?=@ ca{ #* s/f]8n]] sd x'gfsf
sf/0f ut jif{eGbf of] jif{ v'b gfkmf @(=#* k|ltztn] 36g uO{ ?=@ ca{ $^ s/f]8 sfod
ePsf] 5 . v'b gfkmfdf sdL / z]o/ ;+Vof klg a9\g'sf sf/0f k|ltz]o/ cfDbfgL ut jif{
?=!!!.&& /x]sf]df of] jif{ ?=^@.%( /x]sf] b]lvG5 . of] jif{ yk ePsf] ?=% s/f]8 %^
nfv;lxt s'n u}/a}+lsË ;DklQ ?=@) s/f]8 * nfv k'u]sf] 5 . o; l:yltdf lgliqmo
shf{nfO{ c;n shf{df kl/jt{g ug{ / ;f]sf] hf]lvd Go"g ug{ lgoGq0f jftfj/0f k|efjsf/L
agfpg'kb{5 .
189.4 g]kfn a}Í lnld6]8sf] @)&@.&# df z]o/k'FhL ?=^ ca{ $^ s/f]8, hu]8f tyf sf]ifx? ?=@%
s/f]8, lgIf]k bfloTj ?=*( ca{ $! s/f]8 / e'QmfgL lbg'kg]{ lanx?;lxt a}Ísf] s'n k'FhL
tyf bfloTj ?=! va{ # ca{ $* s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . h;df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] z]o/ lx:;f ^@=@!
k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . ;DklQtk{m shf{ ;fk6L tyf lan vl/b ?=^! ca{ @% s/f]8, nufgL ?=!@
ca{ *$ s/f]8, cGo ;DklQdf ?=* ca{ $# s/f]8 / gub tyf a}Íx?df df}Hbft ?=!% ca{
^! s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . a}Ísf] g]6 jy{ ^ ca{ &! s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 .
a}Ísf] ut jif{sf] v'b gfkmf ?=$* s/f]8 /x]sf]df of] jif{ ?=@ ca{ ** s/f]8 k'u]sf]
5 . gfkmf pNn]Vo ?kdf a9\g'sf] sf/0f u}/ ;~rfng cfDbfgL xf], h'g ut jif{ ?=^ s/f]8
ePsf]df of] jif{ ?=! ca{ &$ s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 .
190. lgoGq0f jftfj/0f – k/fdz{ lbPsf s]xL ;+:yfsf] lgoGq0f jftfj/0f d"NofÍg l:ylt b]xfodf
pNn]v ul/Psf] 5M
190.1 g]kfn cfon lgudn] clwsf+z l8kf]x?df Soflna|];g 6fj/ tyf j]OË la|h k|of]udf
gNofPsf], Uof; pBf]ux?nfO{ lgwf{l/t sf]6feGbf a9L kl/df0f Uof; ljt/0f u/]sf],
sd{rf/LnfO{ lbPsf] C0fsf] Dofb ;dfKt eP tfklg lx;fanfO{ km/kmf/s gu/]sf], k|of]hg
k"/f ePsf] k]ZsL /sd km5\of}{6 gu/]sf], cGt/zfvf lx;fa ldnfg ug{ ?=^ s/f]8 %@ nfv
Aofh vr{ n]vfÍg u/]sf], k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] gf]S;fgL x'g ;Sg] ;LdfeGbf ?=! s/f]8 %)
nfv yk Iflt Joxf]/]sf], ;DklQsf] ;Defljt gf]S;fgL x'gaf6 aRg k"0f{?kdf aLdf gu/]sf],
sfg'gadf]lhd ljt/0f ug{ gldNg] cj:yf x'Fbfx'Fb} ?=@ ca{ #^ s/f]8 jf]g; Joj:yf u/]sf],
la6'ldg Aof/]n pBf]u ;/sf/n] laqmL ul/;s]sf]df lgudn] nufgL u/]sf] ?=^^ nfvnfO{
z]o/ /sddf nufgL b]vfPsf], k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] jif]{gL dfu kl/df0f !@ k|ltztsf b/n]
a9]sf]df e08f/0f Ifdtf lj:tf/ gu/]sf] / sf/f]af/nfO{ ljljw If]qdf lj:tf/ gu/]sf] Joxf]/f
b]lvPsf 5g\ .
190.2 g]kfn 6]lnsdn] EjfO; ;]jfdf $&=&@ k|ltzt / 8f6f ;]jfdf %%=!% k|ltztdfq ahf/
lx:;f cf]u6]sf]df ;dofg's"n ahf/ lx:;f j[l4 gu/]sf], ;a} If]qdf l8lh6n nfef+z k'Ug]
u/L sfo{ cufl8 ga9fPsf], /fh:j, cfZj:ttf tyf k|fljlws k/LIf0fnfO{ kfngf gu/]sf],
;:k]G; OGe]G6«L vftfdf /x]sf] ?=!$ s/f]8sf] lx;fa ldnfg gu/]sf], ljleGg kIfnfO{ e'QmfgL
ug{ afFsL ?=!% ca{ !* s/f]8 km/kmf/s gu/]sf], sDkgLsf] hLP;Pd / ;L8LPdPsf s'n
u|fxs ;+Vof ! s/f]8 &# nfvsf] t'ngfdf ;fO6sf] pkof]ustf{ Go"g /x]sf], sDkgLn] nufgL
ultljlwdf cfa4 u/]sf] k'FhL 36fpFbf art gub k|jfx ?=^( s/f]8 (( nfvn] C0ffTds
/x]sf], sDkgLsf] !@ k|ltzt k'FhL nfutsf] cg'kftdf nufgLsf] Go"g k|ltkmn k|fKt eO/x]sf]
/ jfl0fHo a}Ídf /fv]sf] d'2tL ?=! ca{ %* s/f]8sf] Dofb gf3L ;s]kl5 sn PsfpG6df
g/fvL lgliqmo /fVgfn] ?=@ s/f]8 *( nfv Aofh cfo u'dfPsf] cflb Joxf]/f b]lvPsf 5g\ .
190.3 cu|flwsf/ z]o/ k'FhLafx]s @)&$ cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] s[lif ljsf; a}Ísf]
r'Qmf k'FhL ?=* ca{ k'¥ofpg] lgb]{zg lbPsf]df ?=% ca{ ^ s/f]8 @$ nfvn] Go"g ePsf],
u}/a}+lsË ;DklQ ?=@) s/f]8 * nfv /x]sf]df a}+lsË ;DklQdf kl/0ft ug{ g;s]sf], cjsfz
sf]ifdf ?=% ca{ ^^ s/f]8 %# nfv nufgL b]vfPsf]df ;f]sf] k|ltkmn kfpg] u/L ;Demf}tf
gu/]sf] ;fy} ljleGg ;+3;+:yfdf ?=& ca{ ^^ s/f]8 ($ nfv nufgL u/]sf]df ;f]af6 k|fKt
x'g] nfef+z l:ylt sdhf]/ b]lvPsf]n] plrt ?kn] kf]6{kmf]lnof] Joj:yfkg u/L a}Ísf]
lbuf]kgfdf k'FhL j[l4 tyf ;DklQnfO{ clwstd nfesf] If]qdf hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f x'g] u/L
kl/rfng gu/]sf], zfvf lx;fa 8]la6df /x]sf] ?=!# s/f]8 ($ nfvsf] rfl/qLs/0f gu/]sf]
cflb Joxf]/f b]lvPsf 5g\ .

190.4 g]kfn a}Í lnld6]8n] g]kfn k|ltj]bgdfg cg';f/ cfˆgf] ljQLo ljj/0f tof/ u/]sf] 5}g .
a}Ín] cGt/ zfvf lx;fa ldnfg x'g g;sL lbg'kg]{tk{m ?=$* ca{ @! s/f]8 / lng'kg]{tk{m
?=^& ca{ ^^ s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . h;df # jif{eGbf k'/fgf aSof}tf lbg'kg]{df ?=!! ca{ ##
s/f]8 / lng'kg]{df ?=!! ca{ ^! s/f]8 /x]sf]n] To:tf lx;fa ;dodf g} ldnfg ug'{kb{5 .
;fy} a}Ísf] sf7df8f}+ zfvfdf ?=!) nfv $^ xhf/ gub sd b]lvPsf] 5 . To:t} a}Ín]
jiff{Gt;Dd ?=@ ca{ &# s/f]8 C0f ckn]vg u/]sf] 5, h;sf] Aofh c;'n x'g afFsL ?=#*
ca{ * s/f]8 /x]sf]df of] jif{ ?=!! s/f]8 @% nfv c;'n ePsf]n] afFsL c;'n ug{ cfjZos
sf/afxL ug'{kb{5 .
a}Ísf] ;l~rt gf]S;fg ?=$ ca{ %! s/f]8 /x]sf]df @)^(.&), @)&).&! / @)&@.&#
df v'b d'gfkmfsf] * k|ltztn] x'g] ?=#& s/f]8 Joj:yf u/]sf] kfOof] . To:t} a}Ín] k]; u/]sf]
ljj/0fdf cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefuaf6 @)^!.^@, @)^*.^( / @)^(.&) df ?=$* s/f]8 s/
lgwf{/0f u/]sf]df ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 km};nf eO{ g;s]sf]n] pQm /sd a/fa/n] yk Jooef/
kg{ hfg] b]lvG5 . To:t} ;'/If0f g/x]sf a}Ípk/ bfaL u/]sf] t/ a}Ín] :jLsf/ gu/]sf] bfloTj
?=!) s/f]8 ^% nfv /x]sf] b]lvG5 . a}Ísf] sd;n ;DklQ ?=@ ca{ $$ s/f]8 /x]sf]
;DklQsf] #=!) k|ltzt x'g cfpF5 . sd;n ;DklQ 36fpg]tk{m Joj:yfkgn] cfjZos
sf/afxL ug'{kb{5 . a}Ín] ?=!$ s/f]8 u}/a}lsË ;DklQ ;dod} ;sf/ ug'{kg]{df u/]sf] kfOPg .
clwsf+z ;+ul7t ;+:yfx?n] ;dodf n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fpg], n]vfk/LIf0faf6
cf}+NofOPsf Joxf]/fpk/ ;dod} km/kmf/s Pj+ sf/afxL gug]{, k|f/lDes k|ltj]bgpk/
k|ltlqmof ;d]t glbg], tfn's dGqfnoaf6 ;+:yfx?sf] cg'udg gx'g], ;/sf/L sf]ifdf
bflvnf ug'{kg]{ /sd hDdf gug]{, lgliqmo /x]sf sltko ;+:yfx?nfO{ k|zf;lgs vr{sf]
nflu ;d]t ;/sf/L C0f k|bfg ul/Psf] cj:yf 5 . ;du|df ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] ljQLo
Joj:yfkg sdhf]/ b]lvPsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] u/]sf] z]o/ Pj+ C0f nufgLsf] clen]v Jojl:yt
gx'gfsf] ;fy} nufgL ePsf] ;a} C0fsf] ;fFjf Aofh p7\g] l:ylt klg 5}g . To;}n] ;+ul7t
;+:yfx?df cfly{s cg'zf;g tyf hjfkmb]lxtf clej[l4 ug'{ h?/L x'G5 .
 a]?h" km5\of}{6
191. km5\of}{6 l:ylt – cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% / lgodfjnL, @)^$ n] a]?h"sf] nut /fVg],
km5\of}{6 ug]{ Pj+ ;Dk/LIf0f ug]{ u/fpg] sfo{ljlw / lhDd]jf/L;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yf u/]sf]
5 . cfly{s sf/f]af/sf] hjfkmb]lxtfsf nflu lhDd]jf/ JolQm / n]vfpQ/bfoL clws[t /x]sf
5g\ . pQm Joj:yfcg';f/ ljleGg ;/sf/L lgsfon] a]?h" km5\of}{6sf] l:ylt b]xfoadf]lhd 5M
of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf Joxf]/fpk/ #% lbgleq / Dofb yk ePsf]df yk
Dofbleq km5\of}{6 u/L ;Dk/LIf0f u/fpg ;/sf/L sfof{no, ;+ul7t ;+:yf, ;ldlt Pj+ cGo
;+:yfx? ;d]tsf] of] jif{ cg';"rL ( / !) df pNn]v ePadf]lhd ?=! va{ ^ ca{ $! s/f]8
@* nfvsf] k|f/lDes a]?h" k7fOPsf]]df ;f] cjlwleq sfof{nox?n] ?=* ca{ (& s/f]8 %(
nfv -*=$# k|ltzt_ dfq km5\of}{6 u/]sf 5g\ . km5\of}{6dWo] ?=!@ s/f]8 ( nfv c;'nL ePsf]
5.

192. a]?h" km5of}+6 Y of] jif+ a]?h" km5\of}+6 tyf ;Dk/LIf0fsf] l:ylt lgDgadf]lhd 5M
[?-nfvdf{
;dfof]hgaf6 km5\of}+6 tyf rfn" jif+sf] cBfjlws af_sL
ljj/0f ljutsf] a]?h"
yk [36{ ;Dk/LIf0f n]vfk/LIf0f a]?h" a]?h"
;/sf/L sfof+no 1,12,41,38 17 33,77,87 88,85,59 1,67,49,27
;_ul7t ;_:yf, ;ldlt, cGo ;_:yf 50,40,49 - 4,58,61 8,58,10 54,39,98
hDdf 1,62,81,87 17 38,36,48 97,43,69 2,21,89,25
ljut jif{sf] a]?h" ?=! va{ ^@ ca{ *@ s/f]8 /x]sf]df of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6
b]lvPsf Joxf]/fpk/ #% lbgleq / Dofb yk ePsf]df yk Dofbleq ?=#* ca{ #^ s/f]8 $*
nfv km5\of}{6 ePsf] / rfn' jif{ km5\of}{6 geO{ afFsL a]?h" ?=(& ca{ $$ s/f]8 ^( nfv
yk ubf{ s'n a]?h" ?=@ va{ @@ ca{ /x]sf] 5 . lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"rL ( / !) df 5 .
k|ltj]bg @)^! ;Ddsf] tTsfnLg a]?h" km5\of}{6 ;ldltnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] ?=!) s/f]8
!& nfv o;df ;dfj]z 5}g .
 ;'wf/sf If]qx?
193. a]?h" cg'udg – a]?h" km5\of}{6 ;DaGwdf cg'udg Pj+ d"NofÍgsf nflu d'Vo ;lrjsf]
cWoIftfdf ;ldlt u7g eO{ lqmofzLn /x]sf] 5 . ;ldltn] rfn' jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6
tf]s]adf]lhdsf] ;Ldfleq a]?h" cÍ sfod ug{ / ;fljssf] a]?h" km5\of}{6 ug{ nIo lgwf{/0f
u/L nIocg';f/ k|ult xfl;n eP gePsf] cg'udg ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . ;ldltsf]
lqmofzLntfaf6 a]?h" km5\of}{6 u/L ;Dk/LIf0f u/fpg] sfo{df j[l4 eP tfklg ck]lIft k|ult
x'g;s]sf] 5}g . xfn a]?h" km5\of}{6sf] cg'udg a]?h" cÍnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .
a]?h" km5\of}{6 ug]{ t/ ;f] k|s[ltsf] 36gf jf Jojxf/df ;'wf/ gug]{ cj:yf 5 . h;n] ubf{
Pp6} k|s[ltsf] a]?h" af/Daf/ bf]xf]l//x]sf] b]lvG5 . n]vfk/LIf0faf6 lbOPsf ;}4flGts Pj+
gLltut ;'emfjpk/ cg'udg x'g] gu/]af6 a]?h" km5\of}{6df ;+VofTds k|ult b]lvP tfklg
gLltut Pj+ u'0ffTds ;'wf/ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
194. sfg'gL sf/afxL – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod $% n] clwsf/ k|fKt
clwsf/Ln] ;/sf/L /sd lgsf;f lbFbf jf vr{ ubf{ lgoldt, ldtJooL, bIf, k|efjsf/L /
cf}lrTok"0f{ tj/n] ug'{kg]{ / u/]sf sf/f]af/df cfGtl/s hfFr u/L jf u/fO{ 7Ls 5 eg] s'/fdf
ljZj:t x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . pQm sfg'gL Joj:yf kfngf gePsf] sf/0fn] g} a]?h" x'g] u/]sf]
5 . ctM a]?h" sfod ePkl5 km5\of}{6 ug]{tk{meGbf a]?h" cfpg} glbg] Joj:yf ul/g'
cfjZos 5 . o;sf nflu cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% df pQm P]gsf Joj:yf pNnª\3g
ug]{nfO{ krf; ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yfnfO{ kl/dfh{g u/L hl/afgfsf] /sd j[l4
ug]{, hl/afgf gug]{ n]vfpQ/bfoL clws[tnfO{ dxfn]vfk/LIfsn] lhDd]jf/ agfpg;Sg]
Joj:yf ug{ Pj+ a]?h" tyf km5\of}{6nfO{ sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg;Fu cfj4 ug{ cfjZos 5 .
195. n]vf – g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] n]vfk/LIf0f ul/g] ;a} lgsfosf] n]vfsf] 9fFrf dxfn]vfk/LIfsn]
tf]Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . xfn ljleGg lgsfon] cf–cfˆgf] lgsfosf nflu n]vf;DaGwL cnu
cnu ;ˆ6j]o/ lgdf{0f u/L nfu" u/]sf 5g\ . n]vf;DaGwL sfddf Ps?ktf / lgoldttf
Nofpg Ps} k|sf/sf n]vfk4lt ckgfPsf lgsfosf nflu Pp6} ;ˆ6j]o/ agfO{ o;
sfof{noaf6 :jLs[t ug]{ Joj:yf ul/g' cfjZos 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)^^.%.#) df

;fj{hlgs If]qsf] nflu gubdf cfwfl/t n]vfdfg sfof{Gjog ug]{ lg0f{o u/]cg'?k tof/
ePsf ljQLo ljj/0fsf] 9fFrf ;d]t o; sfof{noaf6 :jLs[t u/fO{ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg'kb{5 .
196. dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] :jtGqtf – ;jf]{Rr n]vfk/LIf0f ;+:yfx?sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;+u7g -OG6f];fO{_
sf] ;g\ @))& sf] d]lS;sf] 3f]if0ffn] ;jf]{Rr n]vfk/LIf0f ;+:yfx?nfO{ ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg'gL
Joj:yf, kbfjlwsf] sfg'gL] ;'lgZrttf, lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ cfjZos clwsf/, ;"rgfdf kx‘'r,
h'g;'s} avt k|ltj]bg ug]{ :jtGqtf, k|ltj]bgsf] ;do / ljifoj:t' lgwf{/0f ug]{ :jtGqtf,
cfk"mn] lbPsf] ;'emfj sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg ug]{ clwsf/ / k|zf;sLo Pj+ ljQLo :jfoQtf
x'g'kg]{ pNn]v u/]adf]lhd dxfn]vfk/LIfsnfO{ k|zf;sLo tyf ljQLo :jfotQf k|bfg ug{
sfg'gL Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .
197. n]vfk/LIf0f bfo/f – g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgcg';f/ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] cfly{s sf/f]af/sf]
n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{ lhDd]jf/L dxfn]vfk/LIfsnfO{ tf]lsPsf] 5 . o;af6 n]vfk/LIf0fsf] bfo/f
lj:tf/ eO{ tLg txsf] n]vfk/LIf0f u/L k|ltj]bg ug'{kg]{ ePsf] 5 . n]vfk/LIf0f / k|ltj]bg
ug]{ sfo{df ;3fp k'¥ofpg ;+u7g ;+/rgf tof/ u/L If]qut cfwf/df sfof{no :yfkgfsf]
nflu @)&#.(.& df cy{ dGqfnodf k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . ;f]cg'?k cfjZos hgzlQm, ah]6
Joj:yf Pj+ sfo{ljlw th'{df ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/ nufot ;a}sf] ;xof]u cfjZos 5 .

cg';"rL Y !
[k|ltj]bgsf] k=i7 ! sf] bkmf !-! ;_u ;DalGwt{
;/sf/L sfof+nosf] n]vfk/LIf0f /sd
[?- xhf/df{
ljlgof]hg /fh:j w/f}6L cGo sf/f]jf/
n]vfk/LIf0f
s|-;_ dGqfno/ lgsfosf] gfd n]vfk/LIf0f ug'+kg+] ;DkGg n]vfk/LIf0f ug+'kg+] ;DkGg n]vfk/LIf0f ug'+kg]+ ;DkGg n]vfk/LIf0f ug'+kg]+ ;DkGg
;DkGg /sd
OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd
rfn' jif+MY
1 /fi6\kltsf] sfof+no 1 331393 1 331393 1 117 1 117 1 29512 1 29512 0 0 361022
2 pk/fi6\kltsf] sfof+no 1 58238 1 58238 1 6 1 6 1 1574 1 1574 0 0 59818
3 ;_ljwfg ;ef Joj:yflksf ;_;b ;lrjfno 1 1234603 1 1234603 1 27999 1 27999 1 5171 1 5171 0 0 1267773
4 ;jf]+Rr cbfnt 104 3563784 104 3563784 104 858039 104 858039 104 3984673 104 3984673 0 0 8406496
5 clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u 6 730158 6 730158 6 12001 6 12001 6 58002 6 58002 0 0 800161
6 dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] sfof+no 1 394791 1 394791 1 2806 1 2806 1 3362 1 3362 0 0 400959
7 nf]s ;]jf cfof]u 16 539066 16 539066 16 183207 16 183207 16 6294 16 6294 1 49106 1 49106 777673
8 lgjf+rg cfof]u 76 448184 76 448184 76 4092 76 4092 76 10847 76 10847 1 38 1 38 463161
9 dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof+no 93 673804 93 673804 93 2085 93 2085 93 15207 93 15207 0 0 691096
10 Gofo kl/ifb\ 1 48235 1 48235 1 153 1 153 1 114 1 114 0 0 48502
11 /fli6\o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u 9 87081 9 87081 9 550 9 550 9 98 9 98 0 0 87729
12 k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 12 28866238 12 28866238 12 7787 12 7787 12 34164 12 34164 1 2113 1 2113 28910302
13 cy+ 175 145741322 175 145741322 156 415079150 156 415079150 158 6174971 158 6174971 39 151961154 39 151961154 718956597
14 pBf]u 98 2433979 98 2433979 95 1264490 95 1264490 93 201551 93 201551 30 361188 30 361188 4261208
15 pmhf+ 8 1464877 8 1464877 8 1799119 8 1799119 7 1244084 7 1244084 0 0 4508080
16 sfg"g, Gofo ,;_ljwfg ;ef tyf ;_;bLo dfldnf 3 118058 3 118058 3 125 3 125 3 1149 3 1149 0 0 119332
17 s=lif ljsf; 225 17942807 225 17942807 225 220966 225 220966 225 214735 225 214735 225 2369000 225 2369000 20747508
18 u=x 856 41510958 856 41510958 424 4887090 424 4887090 428 1057514 428 1057514 194 2062951 194 2062951 49518513
19 k//fi6\ 42 4239305 39 3894717 4 7960895 4 7960895 4 11193 4 11193 3 1000938 3 1000938 12867743
20 kz'klG5 ljsf; 136 4522527 136 4522527 136 58841 136 58841 136 57989 136 57989 3 90199 3 90199 4729556
21 ;_:s=lt, ko+6g tyf gful/s p88\og 31 2653505 31 2653505 25 696336 25 696336 24 115832 24 115832 9 36347 9 36347 3502020
22 e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf 238 3610106 238 3610106 232 15164396 232 15164396 136 584865 136 584865 195 13417155 195 13417155 32776522
23 ef}lts k'jf+wf/ tyf oftfoft 161 42577542 161 42577542 147 14670743 147 14670743 138 4278809 138 4278809 79 9159632 79 9159632 70686726
24 dlxnf,afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f 85 1843241 85 1843241 57 3979 57 3979 19 7042 19 7042 322 969015 322 969015 2823277
25 o'jf tyf v]ns'b 1 1873718 1 1873718 1 114953 1 114953 1 2995 1 2995 0 0 0 0 1991666
26 /Iff 278 36644726 278 36644726 227 150987 227 150987 277 842582 277 842582 0 0 37638295
27 jg tyf e"Y;_/If0f 186 10140192 186 10140192 186 1123846 186 1123846 186 1567767 186 1567767 33 93508 33 93508 12925313
28 jfl0fHo 14 863731 14 863731 9 256785 9 256785 8 22625 8 22625 1 106755 1 106755 1249896
29 cfk"lt+ 2 768446 2 768446 2 7325 2 7325 1 575 1 575 1 26781 1 26781 803127
30 lj1fg tyf k|ljlw 7 533685 7 533685 5 281 5 281 6 48491 6 48491 3 368767 3 368767 951224
31 hg;_Vof tyf aftfj/0f 11 4535942 11 4535942 6 513936 6 513936 6 57646 6 57646 4 5862405 4 5862405 10969929
32 zflGt tyf k'glgdf+0f 19 2352115 19 2352115 6 1073 6 1073 6 7131 6 7131 2 1050446 2 1050446 3410765
33 lzIff 133 90833744 132 89767505 115 1301045 114 1241390 63 57839 62 51108 2 970398 2 970398 92030401
34 >d tyf /f]huf/ 44 925886 41 894083 35 715037 33 714975 21 1649042 19 1648276 16 1759545 15 1638509 4895843
35 ;fdfGo k|zf;g 2 796802 2 796802 2 2503 2 2503 2 41284 2 41284 0 0 840589

ljlgof]hg /fh:j w/f}6L cGo sf/f]jf/
n]vfk/LIf0f
s|-;_ dGqfno/ lgsfosf] gfd n]vfk/LIf0f ug'+kg+] ;DkGg n]vfk/LIf0f ug+'kg+] ;DkGg n]vfk/LIf0f ug'+kg]+ ;DkGg n]vfk/LIf0f ug'+kg]+ ;DkGg
;DkGg /sd
OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd
36 l;rfO+ 176 20213103 176 20213103 158 54380 158 54380 166 1815983 166 1815983 0 0 22083466
37 ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ 384 3843151 384 3843151 84 6416940 84 6416940 75 55839 75 55839 89 25499 89 25499 10341429
38 ;x/L ljsf; 65 10035033 65 10035033 55 249300 55 249300 56 757511 56 757511 20 857899 20 857899 11899743
39 vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO+ 85 13430454 85 13430454 76 79557 76 79557 82 907746 82 907746 55 225648 55 225648 14643405
40 ;_3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; 201 65742748 201 65742748 157 833963 157 833963 123 485844 123 485844 0 0 67062555
41 :jf:Yo 185 29614400 185 29614400 185 384048 185 384048 185 326265 185 326265 0 0 0 0 30324713
42 ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f 103 891867 103 891867 40 10720 40 10720 34 10442 34 10442 6 2945 6 2945 915974
43 /fli6\o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno 36 616747 36 616747 36 3295 36 3295 36 13409 36 13409 0 0 0 633451
hDdf 4311 600290292 4304 598847662 3218 475124946 3215 475065229 3026 26769768 3023 26762271 1334 192829432 1333 192708396 1293383558
aSof}tf
1 ;jf]+Rr cbfnt 0 0 44 2448 44 40929 0
2 lgjf+rg cfof]u 5 390 6 2 37 129 0 0 0
3 cy+ 1 499 13 1745 11 43551 1 11435 0
4 pBf]u 1 6,080 7 887 1 1239 0 0 0 0 0
5 pmhf+ 22 32,407 0 0 3 1708 0 0 0
6 sfg"g, Gofo, ;_ljwfg ;ef tyf ;_;bLo dfldnf 3 274 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 s=lif ljsf; 25 575,742 16 10230 94 7294 0 0 0 0 0
8 u=x 8 11,414 10 8145 78 14859 0 0 0 0 0
9 k//fi6\ 2 127,644 6 251787 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
10 ;__:s=lt, ko+6g tyf gful/s p8\8og 8 73392 1 71797 31 28292 1 23638 26 4507 1 2547 0 0 97982
11 e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf 25 12,212 19 13092 75 15490 2 2539 0 0 0
12 ef}lts k\"jf+wf/ tyf oftfoft 187 238,203 0 0 43 44910 0 0 0 0
13 dlxnf,afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f 0 0 16 283 4 146 0 0 0 0 0
14 o'jf tyf v]ns'b 4 12,418 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
15 /Iff 0 35,222 2 45 5 6673 0 0 0 0 0
16 jg tyf e"Y;_/If0f 13 27,001 4 22881 47 27706 18 227 0 0 0
17 lzIff 69 2,157,923 2 1919962 90 43806 2 35705 115 34531 2 86 1 0 0 0 1955753
18 >d tyf /f]huf/ 0 0 0 0 3 164 0 0 0 0 0
19 l;_rfO+ 45 75,859 2 103 87 25111 0 0 0 0 0
20 ;x/L ljsf; 15 26,543 2 4 41 2949 0 0 0 0 0
21 vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO+ 43 130,313 0 0 0 0 14 218 0 0 0 0 0
22 ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ 0 0 0 0 12 3026 0 0 0 0 0
23 ;_l3o dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; 229 312,675 0 0 159 19334 0 0 0 0 0
24 :jf:Yo tyf hg;_Vof 279 1,100,355 59 31381 498 47953 0 0 0 0
25 ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f 7 12,440 6 11526 178 329 2 329 13 98 1 41 0 0 0 0 11896
hDdfMY 991 4969006 9 2003285 505 415460 5 59672 1410 342525 4 2674 23 14201 0 0 2065631
s'n hDdfMY 5302 605259298 4313 600850947 3723 475540406 3220 475124901 4436 27112293 3027 26764945 1357 192843633 1333 192708396 1295449189

cg';r
" LY@
[k|ltj]bgsf] k=i7 ! sf] bkmf !-@ ;_u ;DalGwt{
;_ul7t ;_:yf, cGo ;_:yf / ;ldltsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ljj/0f

[?- xhf/df{
s|-;_ n]vfk/LIf0f k|lta]bg n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg
dGqfno/lgsfosf] gfd aSof}tf jif+
ug'+kg]+ ;DkGg clGtd k|f/lDes /sd
1 Joj:yflksf ;_;b ;lrjfno 1 1 1 0
2 k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 11 11 11 16562746 0
3 cy+ 8 6 4 2 1390647036 2
4 cfk"lt+ 6 3 0 3 1175354
5 pBf]u 34 9 6 3 11532903 25
6 pmhf+ 2 1 1 0 215,233,259 1
7 sfg"g, Gofo ,;_ljwfg ;ef tyf ;_;bLo dfldnf 5 5 1 4 165389 0
8 s=lif ljsf; 9 9 2 7 8483306 0
9 u=x 5 5 5 26686379 0
10 ;_:s=lt,ko+6g tyf gful/s p8\8og 24 20 1 19 22,713,671 4
11 kz'klG5 ljsf; 3 3 1 2 2,461,882 0
12 e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf 2 1 1 0 1
13 ef}lts k"jf+wf/ tyf oftfoft 9 0 0 0 0 9
14 dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f 5 5 5 573822 0
15 o'jf tyf v]ns"'b 1 0 0 0 0 1
16 /Iff 6 6 6 6 37681851 0
17 jg tyf e"Y;_/If0f 41 40 2 33 3953524 1
18 jfl0fHo 4 4 4 384844 0
19 lj1fg tyf k|ljlw 2 2 2 468563 0
20 hg;_Vof tyf jftfj/0f 1 1 1 33153 0
21 lzIff 643 258 258 258 39650052 385
22 ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f 1 1 1 272852 0
23 ;fdfGo k|zf;g 3 3 3 1840378 0
24 ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ 142 140 3 137 86482234 2
25 ;_3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; 64 64 64 1234282 0
26 :jf:Yo tyf hg;_Vof 122 120 120 18280157 2
27 zx/L ljsf; 33 33 1 32 9002944 0
28 vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO+ 8 5 2 3 25783816 3
29 /fli6\o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno 1 1 1 2158 0
hDdfM 1195 756 288 727 1921306555 436

cg';"rL Y #
jf;nft tof/ ug]+ ;_ul7t ;_:yf, ;ldlt / cGo ;_:yf
n]vfk/LIf0f cs, a]?h" / bfloTj tyf ;DklQ
[?-xhf/df{
n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] clGtd cfly+s jif+|sf] k'hL /bfloTj n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] clGtd cfly+s jif+sf] ;DklQ
n]vfk/LIf0f
n]vfk/LIf0f ug'+kg]+
s|-;_ ;_:yfsf] gfd ;DkGg cfly+s n]vfk/LIf0f /sd j]?h" /sd
cfly+s jif+ ;_lrt
jif+ k"_hL hu]8f sf]if bL3+sfnLg shf+ rfn' bfloTj Joj:yf hDdf l:y/ ;DklQ rfn' ';DkQL cGo ;DklQ hDdf
gfmf/gf]S;fg
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
! ;_ul7t ;_:yf 2,073 50 1,771,670,639 2,423,225 95,656,532 181,374,124 -1,387,952 288,431,002 1,132,939,464 38,161,761 1,735,174,931 124,059,902 611,265,734 999,767,954 1,735,093,590
cy+ dGqfno 0 4 13,81,98,00,60 ,0 1158,89,72 1,49,07,86,15 -43658,24 1,58,56,53,06 10,61,14,55,23 160,16,44 13,77,61,42,36 176,96,78 4,64,56,01,62 9,11,28,43,96 13,77,61,42,36
g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8+ 2072/73 1 50,83,84 0 38,55,19 0 0 7,77,15 4,51,50 508,384 94,79 5,17,97 44,71,08 508,384
sd+rf/L ;~rosf]if 2072/73 1 224,69,57,61 ,0 4,65,84,07 ,0 ,0 218,48,08,60 1,55,64,94 224,695,761 38,01,34 222,17,35,22 2,14,21,05 224,695,761
g]kfn /fi6 a_}s 2072/73 1 985,97,80,05 3000000 139,65,15,88 0 157621506 685,70,49,11 ,0 985,978,005 86,80,02 88,04,90,09 897,06,09,94 985,978,005
/fli6o jfl0fHo a_}s 2072/73 1 1,70,79,79,10 8,58,89,72 438,31,01 -4365824 94,38,00 1,56,88,20,37 0 166,432,086 51,20,63 154,28,58,34 11,63,41,89 166,432,086
cfk"lt+ dGqfno 1 117,53,54 ,0 16,93,35 7,82,98 -8541,10 15,00,00 65,94,70 11,82,51 32,12,44 2,69,35 33,51,22 -408,13 32,12,44
g]zgn 6\]l8u lnld6]8 2069/70 1 117,53,54 16,93,35 7,82,98 -854110 15,00,00 65,94,70 118251 321,244 2,69,35 33,51,22 -408,13 321,244
pBf]u dGqfno 0 9 11,369,791 0 1,242,265 -473,635 -7,195,318 6,632,724 2,112,856 1,855,581 4,174,473 558,647 2,656,149 959,677 4,174,473
cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo ljsf; k|lti7fg 2071/72 1 52,585 21,059 0 -8,338 0 361 31,165 44,247 13,874 30,246 127 44,247
g]kfn cf}ifwL lnld6]8 2070/71 1 1,152,549 75,499 30,936 -1,071,295 330,959 301,972 413,183 81,254 19,656 60,296 1,302 81,254
hgsk'/ r'/f]6 sf/vfgf lnld6]8 2065/66 1 1,024,601 40,837 54,483 -583,811 390,420 298,171 240,690 440,790 43,906 335,999 60,885 440,790
hgsk'/ r'/f]6 sf/vfgf lnld6]8 2067/68 1 907,378 40,837 54,483 -417,970 626,012 157,243 28,803 489,408 32,872 397,522 59,014 489,408
hgsk'/ r'/f]6 sf/vfgf lnld6]8 2070/71 1 2,782,650 40,837 54,483 -2,567,854 2,526,013 147,657 13,660 214,796 24,211 139,571 51,014 214,796
x]6f}F8f l;d]G6 pBf]u lnld6]8 2071/72 1 1,736,815 900,685 -831,469 0 379,577 242,405 1,045,617 1,736,815 329,315 797,209 610,291 1,736,815
phf+ dGqfno 0 2 215,233,259 0 50,620,481 2,021,878 -25,919,561 99,208,415 45,758,639 19,309,454 190,999,306 86,861,270 27,529,120 76,608,916 190,999,306
tgx'F xfO8«f]kfj/ lnld6]8 2072/73 1 1,791,411 1,345,411 -168,135 262,131 15,734 0 1,455,141 422,221 27,298 1,005,622 1,455,141
g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f 2071/72 1 213,441,848 49,275,070 2,021,878 -25,751,426 98,946,284 45,742,905 19,309,454 189,544,165 86,439,049 27,501,822 75,603,294 189,544,165
s=lif ljsf; dGqfno 0 5 7,869,441 19,270 2,942,136 1,733,191 540,498 9,413 1,778,463 865,740 7,869,441 3,147,683 2,826,862 1,894,895 7,869,440
s=lif ;fdu|L sDkgL lnld6]8 2072/73 1 3,590,434 426,382 555,715 356,779 0 1,619,616 631,942 3,590,434 81,09,44 2,35,18,51 42,76,39 3,590,434
/fli6«o aLp lahg sDkgL lnld6]8 2071/72 1 29,08,12 11,85,16 ,0 5,11,06 0 3,15,77 8,96,13 290,812 6,58,58 15,54,69 6,94,85 290,812
/fli6«o aLp lahg sDkgL lnld6]9 2072/73 1 396,506 118516 0 87674 0 76012 114304 396,506 6,95,52 23,48,14 9,21,40 396,506
g]kfn s=lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ 2072/73 1 3,457,940 0 2199325 1177476 51258 29881 3,457,940 2199325 47045 1211570 3,457,940
/fli6\o lrof tyf skmL ljsf; af]8+ 2072/73 1 133,749 19270 79397 0 44939 9413 0 0 133,749 2004 37683 94061 133,748
kz'klG5 ljsf; dGqfno 0 3 2461882 3573 903942 24746 -462665 0 645885 876419 1988327 363209 1424621 200497 1988327
b'Uw ljsf; ;_:yfg 2071/72 1 2249928 730080 0 -473555 0 643429 876419 1776373 350353 1399018 27002 1776373
g]kfn kz' lrlsT;f kl/ifb\ 2072/73 1 9176 2220 6852 104 0 0 0 9176 2560 6616 0 9176
/fli6\o b'Uw ljsf; af]8+ 2072/73 1 202,778 3573 171642 17894 10786 0 2456 0 202,778 10296 18987 173495 202,778
;_:s==lt,ko+6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno 0 3 19,384,416 0 3,129,158 322,511 -2,008,845 11,031,718 3,270,917 1,630,112 17,375,571 12,214,735 4,984,667 176,169 17,375,571
;f:s==lts ;_:yfg 2071/72 1 329,336 13,208 819 -98,034 68,311 246,998 231,302 198,571 32,731 0 231,302
g]kfn jfo';]jf lgud 2071/72 1 18,671,136 3,103,837 0 -1,864,283 10,963,407 2,973,780 1,630,112 16,806,853 11,860,155 4,940,529 6,169 16,806,853
tf/f ufp lasf; ;ldlt 2071/72 1 383,944 12,113 321,692 -46,528 0 50,139 0 337,416 156,009 11,407 170,000 337,416
jg tyf e"Y;_/If0f dGqfno 0 2 2502975 10647 16082 367965 255909 0 429825 1343058 2412839 619528 1072482 720229 2412239
lb l6Da/ skf]+/]zg ckm g]kfn lnld6]8 2072/73 ,1 1117972 ,0 1,60,82 36,79,65 -90016 5,14,00 68,25,25 1,027,956 19,61,02 83,18,54 0 1,027,956
/fli6\o k|s=lt ;_/If0f sf]if 2072/73 1 1,385,003 10647 0 0 345925 0 378425 660533 1,384,883 423426 240628 720229 1,384,283
lzIff dGqfno 0 7 15,873,158 2,294,740 12,233,019 1,305,972 3,930,063 0 3,389,108 209,236 21,067,398 9,501,462 4,790,735 6,775,201 21,067,398
dWoklZrd ljZjljBfno 2072/73 1 410,030 45990 167247 0 222413 0 45580 0 435,240 167247 267993 0 435,240
;'b'/klZrd ljZjljBfno 2072/73 1 212,565 4373 363363 312225 0 0 3960 0 679,548 124892 362251 192405 679,548
s=lif tyf ag ljZjljBfno 2072/73 1 662,476 12583 433229 0 0 0 74841 209236 717,306 433229 12762 271315 717,306
g]kfn ;_:s=t ljZjljBfno 2072/73 1 526,551 71750 562615 0 -24015 0 64308 0 602,908 562615 34122 6171 602,908
kf]v/f ljZjljBfno 2072/73 1 1,695,794 49197 4029868 582739 0 0 18455 0 4,631,062 1749025 2874901 7136 4,631,062
lqe'jg ljZjljBfno 2072/73 1 12113733 2,103,941 6571716 410858 3,567,933 0 3176423 0 13,726,930 6359473 1234195 6133262 13,726,930
n'lDjgL af}A ljZj ljBfno 2072/73 1 252,009 6906 104981 150 163732 0 5541 0 274404 104981 4511 164912 274404

n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] clGtd cfly+s jif+|sf] k'hL /bfloTj n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] clGtd cfly+s jif+sf] ;DklQ
n]vfk/LIf0f
n]vfk/LIf0f ug'+kg]+
s|-;_ ;_:yfsf] gfd ;DkGg cfly+s n]vfk/LIf0f /sd j]?h" /sd
cfly+s jif+ ;_lrt
jif+ k"_hL hu]8f sf]if bL3+sfnLg shf+ rfn' bfloTj Joj:yf hDdf l:y/ ;DklQ rfn' ';DkQL cGo ;DklQ hDdf
gfmf/gf]S;fg
;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f dGqfno 0 1 272,852 0 0 247,811 0 0 25,041 0 272,852 119,876 65,432 87,544 272,852
/fli6\o ;xsf/L ljsf; af]8+ 2071/72 1 272,852 0 247,811 0 0 25,041 0 272,852 119,876 65,432 87,544 272,852
;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno 0 1 451487 4315 222172 178937 14927 0 33751 1700 451487 76733 119227 255527 451487
g]kfn k|zf;lgs k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg 2072/73 1 451487 4315 222172 178937 14927 0 33751 1700 451487 76733 119227 255527 451487
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno 2,073 6 81,254,333 0 2,404,908 23,070,550 35,125,574 0 9,654,375 9,851,408 80,106,815 445,154 79,661,661 0 80,106,815
/fli6o ;dfrf/ ;ldlt 2072/73 ,1 5,23,00 4,03,72 86,07 33,21 52,300 15,548 36,752 52,300
g]kfn b'/;_rf/ k|flws/0f 2071/72 ,1 40,93,66,46 10,17,51,18 19,66,04,51 ,0 4,75,31,59 6,34,79,18 40,936,646 27,738 40,908,908 0 40,936,646
g]kfn b'/;_rf/ k|flws/0f 2072.73 ,1 37,23,04,71 12,66,03,78 16,61,26,41 ,0 4,81,14,94 3,14,59,58 37,230,471 43,266 37,187,205 0 37,230,471
g]]kfn 6]lnlehg 2071/72 ,1 2,81,63,10 2,31,97,34 5,50,11 -1,14,75,18 0 8,40,33 35,75,32 1,668,792 35,10,92 1,31,77,00 0 1,668,792
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn 2071/72 1 98185 14127 8,31,83 8,75 98,185 36,92 9,44,93 98,185
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn 2072/73 1 120421 30675 8,82,53 14,93 120,421 38,18 11,66,03 120,421
:jf:yo tyf hg;_Vof dGqfno 0 3 3935066 90680 3138518 589948 74068 0 132532 0 3935066 2381350 1292685 261031 3935066
aL-kL-sf]O/fnf :jf:yo lj1fg k|lti7fg 2072/73 1 3536825 60330 2852354 581935 0 0 102536 0 3536825 2305981 1124856 105988 3536825
:jf:yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ 2072/73 1 94649 2186 12568 8013 74068 0 0 0 94649 18451 71912 4286 94649
s0ff+nL :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fg 2072/73 1 303592 28164 273596 0 0 0 29996 0 303592 56918 95917 150757 303592
;x/L ljsf; dGqfno 0 1 2,643,223 0 52,000 2,555,618 -13,366 0 26,224 9,381 2,629,857 214,731 2,403,641 11,485 2,629,857
/fli6\o cfjf; sDkgL lnld6]8 2071/72 1 2,64,32,23 5,20,00 2,55,56,18 -1,33,66 0 2,62,24 93,81 2,629,857 214,731 2,403,641 11,485 2,629,857
vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO+ dGqfno 0 2 25,26,33,42 ,0 6,99,35,44 27,17,19 -5093,02 12,83,34,26 3,87,68,55 48,97,77 23,95,60,19 5,75,89,11 17,54,31,68 57,32,00 23,87,52,79
sf7df08f} pkTosf vfg]kfgL Joa:yfkg jf]8+ 2070/71 1 10,27,06,90 2,76,31,53 28,87,19 -36,94,59 5191898 1,74,58,88 28,10,32 9,981,971 2,90,36,51 6,76,64,80 23,11,00 9,901,231
sf7df08f} pkTosf vfg]kfgL Joa:yfkg jf]8+ 2071/72 1 14,99,26,52 4,23,03,91 27,17,19 -50,93,02 7641528 2,13,09,67 20,87,45 13,974,048 2,85,52,60 10,77,66,88 34,21,00 13,974,048
@ ;ldlt 0 8 4,381,957 406,004 926,925 283,315 2,722,950 156,470 232,953 59,345 4,381,958 1,143,827 1,377,991 1,860,140 4,381,958
cy+ dGqfno 1 2,576,579 106,600 0 0 2,532,319 0 1,799 42,461 2,576,579 529,828 626,751 1,420,000 2,576,579
ljdf ;ldlt 2072/73 1 2,576,579 106,600 0 0 2,532,319 0 1,799 42,461 2576579 529,828 626,751 1420000 2,576,579
sfg"g, Gofo, ;__ljwfg ;ef tyf ;_;bLo dfldnf
dGqfno 0 1 105615 0 0 45 87114 0 1636 16820 105615 10762 94853 0 105615
sfg"g lstfa Joj:yf ;ldlt 2072/73 1 10,56,15 0 45 8,71,14 0 16,36 1,68,20 105,615 1,07,62 9,48,53 0 105,615
s=lif ljsf; dGqfno 0 2 592569 12305 227160 105669 85675 156470 17596 0 592570 389161 88769 114640 592570
sfnLdf6L kmnkm'n tyf t/sf/L ljsf; ;ldlt 2072/73 1 427,716 5920 198555 27822 183743 0 17596 0 427716 292531 56545 78640 427716
skf; ljsf; ;ldlt 2072/73 1 164,853 6385 28605 77847 98,068) 156470 0 0 164854 96630 32224 36000 164854
kz' cfxf/ pTkfbg ljsf; ;ldlt 0 0 0 0
;_:s=lt,ko+6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno 0 1 514525 5563 467930 46595 0 0 0 0 514525 171784 111241 231500 514525
g]kfn ko+6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg 2072/73 1 514525 5563 467930 46595 0 0 0 0 514525 171784 111241 231500 514525
vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO+ dGqfno 0 1 483638 281536 231835 39881 135 0 211787 0 483638 36608 447030 0 483638
u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO+ sf]if ljsf;
483638
;ldlt 2072/73 1 483,638 281536 231835 39881 135 0 211787 0 483638 36608 447030 0
lzIff dGqfno 0 2 109031 0 0 91125 17707 0 135 64 109031 5684 9347 94000 109031
:jKg au}rf ljsf; ;ldlt 2072/73 1 99549 0 0 83393 15957 0 135 64 99549 1816 3733 94000 99549
l8NnL /d0f k':tsfno 2072/73 1 9482 0 0 7732 1750 0 0 0 9482 3868 5614 0 9482
# cGo ;_:yf 0 8 49,101,299 882,958 42,003,244 169,175 622,394 3,903,738 901,692 1,708 47,601,951 355,433 44,149,635 3,096,883 47,601,951
cy+ dGqfno 0 1 6,090,397 128,935 0 53,861 560,200 3,855,463 122,742 0 4,592,266 0 4,476,452 115,814 4,592,266
o'jf tyf ;fgf |Jofj;foL :j/f]huf/ sf]if 2072/73 1 6,090,397 128935 53861 560200 3855463 122742 0 4592266 0 4476452 115814 4,592,266
u=x dGqfno 0 2 5,456,237 94,728 4,581,934 94,616 0 48,275 731,412 0 5,456,237 321,801 2,153,820 2,980,616 5,456,237
k|x/L sNof0f sf]if 2072/73 1 3,165,862 86929 2447696 718166 3165862 46510 1162446 1956906 3165862
;z:q k|x/L jn sNof0fsf/L ;]jf s]Gb| 2072/73 1 2,290,375 7799 2134238 94616 48275 13246 2290375 275291 991374 1023710 2290375
dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno
dGqfno 0 2 107,648 81,197 27,720 20,698 42,538 0 3,451 1,708 96,115 797 94,866 453 96,116
/fli6\o ckf_u ;xfotf sf]if 2072/73 1 50,723 13887 13860 12331 7448 0 2253 35892 190 35702 0 35892
/fli6\o ckf_u ;xfotf sf]if 2071/72 1 56,925 67310 13860 8367 35090 0 1198 1708 60223 607 59164 453 60224
vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO+ dGqfno 0 1 36836 150 0 0 5455 0 31381 0 36836 3953 32883 0 36836
dx;'n lgwf+/0f cfof]u 2072/73 1 36,836 150 5455 0 31381 0 36836 3953 32883 36836
/Iff dGqfno 0 2 37410181 577948 37393590 0 14201 0 12706 0 37420497 28882 37391614 0 37420496
g]kfnL ;]gf sNof0fsf/L sf]if 2072/73 1 37272174 577948 37269784 2390 37272174 37272174 0 37272174
ax' Joj;fo pBf]u 2072/73 1 138,007 0 123806 14201 0 10316 0 148323 28882 119440 0 148322
hDdfM 66 1,825,153,895 3,712,187 138,586,701 181,826,614 1,957,392 292,491,210 1135074109 38,222,814 1787158840 125,559,162 656,793,360 1004724977 1,787,077,499

cg';"rL Y $
cfoYJoo lx;fa tof/ ug]+ ;_ul7t ;_:yf, ;ldlt / cGo ;_:yf
n]vfk/LIf0f /sd, a]?h" / ;~rfng glthf
[? xhf/df{
n]vfk/LIf0f n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] clGtd jif+sf] ;_rfng glthf
n]vfk/LIf0f ug'+kg]+ n]vfk/LIf0f of] jif+sf]
;_:yfsf] gfd ;DkGg cfly+s a]?h" /sd jif+sf] z'? cfo Joo aiff+Gtsf] df}Hbft
cfly+s jif+ /sd art
jif+ df}Hbft laqmL/;]jf z'Ns cg'bfg cGo cfo hDdf k|ToIf vr+ ;~rfng vr+ sd+rf/L vr+ cGo vr+ hDdf vr+
;_ul7t ;_:yf 0 13 27165399 805203 5830290 1096407 11811702 1970236 14878345 44911 1763978 875318 11472251 14156458 721887 6552177
k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 0 1 185334 6349 327315 0 42579 89187 131766 0 35802 8104 9663 53569 78197 405512
g]kfn 6\i6sf] sfof+no 2072/73 1 185334 6349 327315 0 42579 89187 131766 0 35802 8104 9663 53569 78197 405512
dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno 0 444695 16922 284933 0 20000 0 20000 0 6005 79427 941 86373 -66373 218560
;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\ 2072/73 1 444695 16922 284933 0 20000 0 20000 0 6005 79427 941 86373 -66373 218560
lzIff dGqfno 0 4 22490305 584861 3132634 0 10527895 1231747 11759642 0 27124 359124 11025174 11411422 348220 3480854
/fli6\o k/LIff af]8+ 2072/73 1 1335582 30809 1067823 0 12000 650146 662146 0 0 70901 602535 673436 -11290 1056533
k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnd kl/ifb 2072/73 1 5585037 440899 538766 0 2315149 548081 2863230 0 0 288223 3113773 3401996 -538766 0
k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnd kl/ifb 2071/72 1 47648 5333 571 0 21146 7389 28535 0 7119 0 12564 19683 8852 9423
ljZjljBfno cg'bfg cfof]u 2072/73 1 15522038 107820 1525474 0 8179600 26131 8205731 0 20005 0 7296302 7316307 889424 2414898
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno 0 1 132971 7456 93628 33654 1500 4189 39343 0 32503 8913 6153 47569 -8226 85402
rnlrq ljsf; af]8+ 2072/73 1 132971 7456 93628 33654 1500 4189 39343 0 32503 8913 6153 47569 -8226 85402
;_3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno 0 5 606520 37836 96484 0 113162 213170 326332 30 47711 28195 204282 280218 46114 142598
:yflgo ljsf; k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg 2072/73 1 522033 34566 67932 0 94419 188476 282895 0 34194 22282 182662 239138 43757 111689
u|fld0f ljsf; k|lzIf0f s]Gb 2072/73 1 49399 407 12237 0 5972 18842 24814 0 6784 0 17801 24585 229 12466
dlxnf ljsf; k|lzIf0f s]Gb| 2072/73 2 20069 2752 16259 0 6105 5014 11119 30 0 5913 3037 8980 2139 18398
gu/ ljsf; k|lzIf0f k||lti7fg 2072/73 1 15019 111 56 0 6666 838 7504 0 6733 0 782 7515 -11 45
:jf:yo tyf hg;_Vof dGqfno 0 2 2859239 145271 1590677 1048386 1106566 405563 2560515 44881 1580173 389088 210816 2224958 335557 1926234
lj-kL-sf]O/fnf d]-Sof-c:ktfn, lrtjg 2072/73 1 1607271 25436 251345 102406 632366 361542 1096314 25217 715789 188302 0 929308 167006 418351
zlxb u_ufnfn Xbo s]Gb| 2072/73 1 1251968 119835 1339332 945980 474200 44021 1464201 19664 864384 200786 210816 1295650 168551 1507883
lj1fg,k|ljlw tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno 0 446335 6508 304619 14367 0 26380 40747 0 34660 2467 15222 52349 -11602 293017
g]kfn lj1fg tyf k|ljlw k|1f k|lti7fg 2072/73 1 446335 6508 304619 14367 0 26380 40747 34660 2467 15222 52349 -11602 293017
;ldltM 0 75 23681588 1980382 5535218 3257428 7406545 3018188 13682161 3136701 4675220 2147794 2502011 12461726 1220435 6755653
s=lif ljsf; dGqfno 0 2 21296 121 0 4752 16554 0 21306 4730 16554 0 0 21284 22 22
g]kfn pv' tyf lrgL ljsf; ;ldlt 2072/73 1 10834 116 10834 0 10834 10834 10834 0 0
rGb| 8f_uL b'Uw ljsf; ;ldlt 2072/73 1 10462 5 4752 5720 0 10472 4730 5720 10450 22 22
;_:s=lt,ko+6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno 0 21 2814730 410706 928240 90910 1612564 183813 1887287 517690 623197 358596 169016 1668499 218788 1147028
n'lDjgL ljsf; sf]]if @)&@.&# 2072/73 1 703377 290906 204470 475117 23790 498907 98225 263433 5957 367615 131292 335762
g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fg 2072/73 1 214963 3036 74088 23692 90825 26358 140875 4486 117830 12835 135151 5724 79812
/fli6o tfn ;_/If0f ljsf; ;ldlt 2072/73 1 36165 440 3807 30500 1858 32358 30129 198 30327 2031 5838
kj+tLo k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg ljsf; ;ldlt 2072/73 1 90521 23433 43240 395 45300 1586 47281 27075 11007 13885 51967 -4686 38554
a'9flgns07 If]q ljsf; ;ldlt 2072/73 1 3286 1223 751 621 1700 214 2535 1300 1076 2376 159 910
xg'dfg 9f]sf b/jf/ ;+u|fxfno ljsf; ;ldlt 2072/73 1 236258 10781 157837 17884 8060 52477 78421 43084 37721 80805 -2384 155453
kf6g ;_u|fxno ljsf; ;ldlt, kf6g b/jf/, nlntk'/ 2072/73 1 25740 3433 14875 8622 700 1543 10865 2573 9706 696 12975 -2110 12765
?? /];'uf ko+6g If]q ljsf; ;ldlt 2072/73 1 28152 0 579 27564 9 27573 27104 27104 469 1048
jf}4gfy If]q ljsf; ;ldlt, jf}4, sf7df8f}_ 2072/73 1 200265 59550 32206 18925 148434 700 168059 65321 9344 19841 94506 73553 105759
kflye/f If]q ljsf; ;ldlt, tfKn]h'u 2072/73 1 7529 1790 3325 3500 704 4204 5297 440 5737 -1533 1792
d]rL kxf8L ko+6g If]q ljsf; ;ldlt 2072/73 1 38777 258 858 31579 6340 37919 28979 2600 5603 37182 737 1595
s0ff+nL If]q ko+6g k|j+2g ljsf; ;ldlt 2072/73 1 52923 7548 797 52923 52923 0 52923 53720
xn];L dxfb[]j:yfg ljsf; ;ldtL vf]tfF 2072/73 1 4006 132 1106 2900 0 2900 3299 3299 -399 707
g]kfn ;_uLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fg 2072/73 1 63720 78 13535 43124 7061 50185 43624 5337 48961 1224 14759
dgsfdgf >]q ljsf; ;ldtL,uf]/vf 2072/73 1 2701 0 552 400 1749 2149 558 1381 1939 210 762
g]kfn ;_uLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fg 2072/73 1 50755 1488 13527 35350 1878 37228 35350 1872 37222 6 13533
b]j3f6 If]q ljsf; ;ldlt [ a=4f>d ;d]t{ 2072/73 1 16307 4895 6524 7850 1933 9783 13223 1374 14597 -4814 1710
n'lDjgL ljsf; sf]]if @)&!.&@ 2071/72 1 753558 238985 485869 28704 514573 390486 110687 0 47915 549088 -34515 204470

cfly+s jif+ /sd art
a'9flgns07 If]q ljsf; ;ldlt 2071/72 1 2529 1000 156 812 1400 161 2373 346 1432 1778 595 751
kj+tLo k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg ljsf; ;ldlt 2071/72 1 76092 35658 39100 1334 40434 21341 8261 3250 32852 7582 43240
g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fg 2072/72 1 207106 715 81364 19959 80369 25414 125742 4640 115846 12532 133018 -7276 74088
;x/L ljsf; 0 25 5693652 957963 1772007 498358 1577434 1727377 3803169 2137407 117387 142020 882080 3278894 524275 2296282
cGt/f+li6\o ;Dd]ng s]Gb| ljsf; ;ldlt 2072/73 1 528977 0 390731 132300 0 8609 140909 0 58384 51806 14751 124941 15968 406699
l;_xb/af/ ;lrjfno k'gMlgdf+0f ;ldlt 2072/73 1 206129 6471 8685 10019 0 4580 14599 1214 427 4646 4821 11108 3491 12176
sf7df08f} pkTosf ljsf; k|flws/0f 2072/73 1 4245300 929939 808791 201010 1576586 1658833 3436429 2018654 36930 50565 777803 2883952 552477 1361268
gu/ ljsf; ;ldltx? 2072/73 22 713246 21553 563800 155029 848 55355 211232 117539 21646 35003 84705 258893 -47661 516139
/Iff dGqfno 0 1 197910 62261 106372 0 0 120249 120249 0 0 0 226621 226621 -106372 0
g]kfnL ;}lgs ljdfg ;]jf, Jofkfl/s p8fg ljsf; ;ldlt 2072/73 1 197910 62261 106372 0 0 120249 120249 0 0 0 226621 226621 -106372 0
jg dGqfno 2 902613 0 85197 377104 0 88235 465339 0 253027 0 184247 437274 28065 113262
jg k}bfjf/ ljsf; ;ldlt 2071/72 1 449631 37133 191984 0 38297 230281 0 132936 0 86414 219350 10931 48064
jg k}bfjf/ ljsf; ;ldlt 2072/73 1 452982 48064 185120 0 49938 235058 0 120091 0 97833 217924 17134 65198
afl0fHo tyf cfk"lt+ dGqfno 0 3 384844 47319 723395 0 108525 242454 350979 0 0 0 192422 192422 158557 881952
g]kfn OG6/df]8n oftfoft ljsf; ;ldlt 2072/73 1 340354 43689 664356 0 98721 226958 325679 0 0 0 170177 170177 155502 819858
g]kfn OGxfG; Sofkfl;6L km/ 6\]8 P08 8]enkd]06 k|f]h]S6 2072/73 1 16246 0 195 0 0 8238 8238 0 0 0 8123 8123 115 310
Jofkf/ tyf lgsf;L k|a4+g s]Gb| 2072/73 1 28244 3630 58844 0 9804 7258 17062 0 0 0 14122 14122 2940 61784
hg;_Vof tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
;_o'Qm /fi6\ ;_3 kfs+ ljsf; ;ldlt 0 0 0 0 0
lj1fg,k|ljlw tyf aftfj/0f dGqfno 0 1 22228 0 10364 2583 0 9280 11863 0 170 912 4362 5444 6419 16783
/fli6\o ljlw lj1fg k|of]uzfnf ljsf; ;ldlt 2072/73 1 22228 0 10364 2583 0 9280 11863 0 170 912 4362 5444 6419 16783
;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno 0 1 1270132 7816 648833 417705 168010 18852 604567 61591 437812 78409 87753 665565 -60998 587835
lghfdtL sd+rf/L c:ktfn 2072/73 1 1270132 7816 648833 417705 168010 18852 604567 61591 437812 78409 87753 665565 -60998 587835
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno 0 1 44286 52 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
/]l8of] k|;f/ ;]jf ljsf; ;ldlt 2072/73 1 44286 52 0 0 0 0
lzIff dGqfno 0 3 224405 0 36120 0 186008 0 186008 0 4610 9112 77903 91625 94383 130503
v'nf ljZjljBfno k'jf+wf/ lgdf+0f ljsf; ;ldlt 2072/73 1 17175 0 11 0 10000 0 10000 0 4610 2565 0 7175 2825 2836
ljBfyL+ ljQLo ;xof]u sf]if ljsf; ;ldlt 2072/73 1 71008 0 0 0 71008 0 71008 0 0 6164 47064 53228 17780 17780
d]l8sn sn]h k|jw+g ;ldlt 2072/73 1 136222 0 36109 105000 0 105000 383 30839 31222 73778 109887
;_3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno 0 1 627762 34217 301820 1023 116358 202304 319685 31503 61269 27026 188279 308077 11608 313428
:yfgLo ljsf; sf]ifsf] ;lrjfno 2072/73 1 627762 34217 301820 1023 116358 202304 319685 31503 61269 27026 188279 308077 11608 313428
:jf:yo dGqfno 0 14 11477730 459927 922870 1864993 3621092 425624 5911709 383780 3161194 1531719 489328 5566021 345688 1268558
k/f]ksf/ tyf :qL /f]u c:ktfn 2072/73 1 1223986 16597 267185 108116 404632 121308 634056 266482 93194 165457 64797 589930 44126 311311
sfGtL afn c:ktfn 2072/73 1 1016506 42276 67817 108328 372811 26797 507936 0 310149 174550 23871 508570 -634 67183
;fdflhs ;'/Iff ljsf; ;ldlt, sf7df8f} 2072/73 1 80000 8558 0 0 40000 0 40000 0 40000 0 0 40000 0 0
dfgj c_u k|Tof/f]k0f s]Gb| 2072/73 1 703697 223414 3336 125830 221328 13529 360687 9615 285585 47810 0 343010 17677 21013
l;_x b/af/ a}wvfgf 2072/73 1 111328 1710 114739 36599 21900 0 58499 0 35318 17511 0 52829 5670 120409
z'qm/fh 6\kLsn ;?jf /f]u c:ktfn 2072/73 1 278634 0 18961 30696 110222 3249 144167 2322 65470 65586 1089 134467 9700 28661
cfo"+j]b cf}ifwfno g/b]lj 2072/73 1 135398 2791 1511 5333 61252 3495 70080 237 27428 37538 115 65318 4762 6273
Ifo/f]u s]Gb|,sf7df08f} ;ldlt 2072/73 1 3372 0 3129 1942 0 0 1942 0 1430 0 0 1430 512 3641
ls6hGo /f]u 2072/73 1 34252 30 743 468 16735 0 17203 9731 3555 3705 58 17049 154 897
dfgl;s c:ktfn 2072/73 1 101349 0 33198 9269 66689 8816 84774 6393 4148 6034 0 16575 68199 101397
/fli6\\o cfo'j]{b cg';Gwfg tyf tflnd s]Gb| 2072/73 1 43286 2 4071 136 19597 0 19733 0 23553 0 0 23553 -3820 251
If]qLo c:ktfnx? , $ 2072/73 1 1528007 51522 102919 265832 388287 106882 761001 5237 494682 219512 47575 767006 -6005 96914
c~rn c:ktfnx? !) 2072/73 1 2850232 62760 82009 571267 858724 49889 1479880 72132 785698 323958 188564 1370352 109528 191537
lhNnf c:ktfn tyf cGo c:ktfnx? *( 2072/73 1 3367683 50267 223252 601177 1038915 91659 1731751 11631 990984 470058 163259 1635932 95819 319071
cGo ;_:yf 0 45305673 310994 7603357 398215 38089735 4238495 42726445 467186 278473 41840 23822281 24609780 18116665 25720022
Joj:yflksfY;_;b ;lrjfno 0 1 0 0 4833 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4833
;_;b ljsf; sf]if 2072/73 1 0 0 4833 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4833
k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 0 6 16377412 0 4503173 0 26356281 19502 26375783 0 0 0 10382610 10382610 15993173 2E+07
k|wfgdGqL b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ sf]if 2072/73 1 16377412 0 4387808 0 8096281 0 8096281 0 0 0 10382610 10382610 -2286329 2101479
k|wfgdGqL ;xfotf sf]if 2072/73 1 0 0 2068 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2068
If]lqo b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldlt 2072/73 1 0 0 5793 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5793
k'glgdf+0f sf]if 2072/73 1 0 0 0 18260000 18260000 18260000 18260000

cfly+s jif+ /sd art
w/x/f k'glg+df+0f sf]if 2072/73 1 0 0 0 19502 19502 19502 19502
k|wfgdGqL /fxt sf]if 2072/73 1 0 0 107504 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 107504
pBf]u dGqfno 0 8 163112 43439 74749 0 0 201094 201094 0 0 0 66556 66556 134538 209287
x:tsnf k|a4+g nlntk'/ 2072/73 1 10214 311 8775 0 0 1945 1945 0 0 0 5107 5107 -3162 5613
s]Gb|Lo sf/fuf/ sf]]if 2072/73 1 3170 0 12581 0 0 4668 4668 0 0 0 1585 1585 3083 15664
3/]n' ljefu cGo sf]if 2072/73 1 16006 42315 1387 0 0 144429 144429 0 0 0 8003 8003 136426 137813
k|ljlw ljsf; sf]if 2072/73 1 0 0 10000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10000
3/]n' ;ldlt k|wfg sfof+no 3/ hUuf ;fk6L sf]if 2072/73 1 1550 0 16433 0 0 1562 1562 0 0 0 775 775 787 17220
3/]n' ;ldlt k|wfg sfof+no C0f nufgL sf]if 2072/73 1 16824 0 2204 0 0 8156 8156 0 0 0 8412 8412 -256 1948
3/]n' ;ldlt k|wfg sfof+no 3'DtL sf]if 2072/73 1 63774 813 7714 0 0 40334 40334 0 0 0 31887 31887 8447 16161
e" axfn s/ tyf lzIff / tflnd 2072/73 1 51574 0 15655 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10787 10787 -10787 4868
sfg"g, Gofo ,;_ljwfg ;ef tyf ;_;bLo dfldnf dGqfno 0 4 59774 0 40040 0 31101 1342 32443 0 3500 0 23834 27334 5109 45149
s]Gb|Lo sfg"g k':tsfno ljsf; ;ldlt 2072/73 1 7056 0 524 0 3500 52 3552 0 3500 0 4 3504 48 572
s]Gb|Lo sfg"gL ;xfotf ;ldlt 2071/72 1 26782 0 17191 0 13800 833 14633 0 0 0 12149 12149 2484 19675
s]Gb|Lo sfg"gL ;xfotf ;ldlt 2072/73 1 25835 0 19674 0 13801 356 14157 0 0 0 11681 11681 2476 22150
dfgj clwsf/ k'/:sf/ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt 2072/73 1 101 0 2651 0 0 101 101 0 0 0 0 0 101 2752
u=x dGqfno 0 2 21230142 19945 304708 0 10706433 907934 11614367 0 0 317 9772981 9773298 1841069 2145777
s]Gb|Lo b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldlt 2072/73 1 20688031 10633 157523 0 10683933 607777 11291710 0 0 317 9553527 9553844 1737866 1895389
s]Gb|Lo xh ;ldlt 2072/73 1 542111 9312 147185 0 22500 300157 322657 0 0 0 219454 219454 103203 250388
lhNnf b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldlt 0 0 0 0
dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno 0 2 21479 1986 71 0 0 142 142 0 3388 1018 64 4470 -4328 -4257
j=4 sNof0f sf]if 2072/73 1 15631 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
cGt/b]zLo wd+k'q wd+k'qL Joj:yfkg lj-; 2072/73 1 5848 1986 71 0 0 142 142 0 3388 1018 64 4470 -4328 -4257
/fli6\o :jf:yof]krf/ ;xfotf sf]if 0 0 0 0
/Iff dGqfno 0 3 73760 14282 27279 25111 0 6816 31927 40832 2104 0 0 42936 -11009 16270
:joDe' af?bvfgf 2072/73 1 17870 14282 25394 4494 0 0 4494 22364 0 0 0 22364 -17870 7524
jL/]Gb| c:ktfn, 5fpgL [d]lG6g]G; km08{ 2072/73 1 572 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
a;'Gw/f SoflG6g 2072/73 1 55318 0 1885 20617 0 6816 27433 18468 2104 0 0 20572 6861 8746
jg tyf e"Y;_/If0f dGqfno 0 2 547936 33026 213365 256827 125900 0 382727 0 160875 12489 103988 277352 105375 318740
/fi6\klt r'/] t/fO+ dw]z ;_/If0f ljsf; ;ldlt 2072/73 1 141130 33026 15230 0 125900 0 125900 0 10896 12489 103988 127373 -1473 13757
lhNnf jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt+ ;ldlt 2072/73 1 406806 0 198135 256827 0 256827 0 149979 0 0 149979 106848 304983
hg;_Vof jftfj/0f dGqfno 0 1 33153 1720 33153 0 0 0 0 0 1998 0 0 1998 -1998 31155
jftfj/0f ;_/If0f sf]if 2072/73 1 33153 1720 33153 0 0 0 0 0 1998 0 0 1998 -1998 31155
lzIff dGqfno 0 3 953153 102768 378065 0 292048 23631 315679 0 13606 13177 610693 637476 -321797 56268
o"g]:sf]sf lgldQ g]kfn /fli6\o cfof]u 2072/73 1 34538 0 12682 0 11958 0 11958 0 0 2028 20552 22580 -10622 2060
l;k ljsf; kl/of]hgf 2072/73 1 858711 102738 323984 0 276090 0 276090 0 7505 10699 564419 582623 -306533 17451
dbg cfl>t :d=tL k|fljlws lzIffno 2072/73 1 59904 30 41399 0 4000 23631 27631 0 6101 450 25722 32273 -4642 36757
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno 0 5 5050644 0 1876357 102388 0 3071898 3174286 0 0 0 2811328 2811328 362958 2239315
;'rgf ljefu sfo+ ;~rfng sf]if 2072/73 1 13426 0 13426 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13426
s]]Gb|Lo wgfb]z 2072/73 1 24893 0 19133 0 0 5760 5760 0 0 0 5250 5250 510 19643
/fli6\o ;'rgf cfof]u ljz\]if sf]if 2072/73 1 2074 0 2074 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1561 1561 -1561 513
kqsf/ sNof0f sf]if 2072/73 1 10000 0 10000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10000
x'nfs art a}s 2072/73 1 5000251 0 1831724 102388 0 3066138 3168526 0 0 0 2804517 2804517 364009 2195733
;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno 0 1 118759 6 3234 3870 55946 0 59816 2997 55946 0 0 58943 873 4107
sd+rf/L k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg 2072/73 1 118759 6 3234 3870 55946 0 59816 2997 55946 0 0 58943 873 4107
:jf:yo tyf hg;_Vof dGqfno 0 1 8122 0 0 0 4061 0 4061 0 4061 0 0 4061 0 0
:jf:y s/ sf]if 2072/73 1 8122 0 0 0 4061 0 4061 0 4061 0 0 4061 0 0
;x/L losf; 0 3 666069 93822 133439 10019 517965 4580 532564 423357 32995 14839 49627 520818 11746 145185
hUuf ljsf; rqmsf]if 2072/73 1 27809 0 23751 0 4058 0 4058 0 0 0 0 0 4058 27809
clwsf/ ;DkGg jfudtL ;Eotf Plss=t ljsf; sf]if 2072/73 1 614908 93354 101003 0 513907 0 513907 422143 32568 14839 49627 519177 -5270 95733
blIf0fsfnL If]q ljsf; k|aGw ;ldlt 2072/73 1 23352 468 8685 10019 0 4580 14599 1214 427 0 0 1641 12958 21643
/fli6\o of]hgf cfof]u 0 1 2158 0 10891 0 0 1556 1556 0 0 0 600 600 956 11847
gof g]kfn lgdf+0f sf]if 2072/73 1 2158 0 10891 0 0 1556 1556 0 0 0 600 600 956 11847
s'n hDdfMY 0 88 96152660 3096579 18968865 4752050 57307982 9226919 71286951 3648798 6717671 3064952 37796543 51227964 20058987 39027852

cg';"rL Y %
[k|ltj]bgsf] k=i7 $ sf] bkmf % ;_u ;DalGwt{
;/sf/L lgsfosf] k]ZsL af_sL ljj/0f
[?- xhf/df{
sd+rf/L k]ZsL cGo k]ZsL
s|-;_ dGqfno/lgsfosf] gfd hDdf
utjif+;Dd of] jif+ utjif+;Dd of] jif+
df]ljnfOh];g k|lttkq cGo df]ljnfOh];g k|lttkq cGo
1 /fi6\kltsf] sfof+no 0 0 48658 0 0 0 0 0 48658
2 ;_ljwfg ;ef Joj:yflksf ;_;b ;lrjfno 5020 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5020
3 ;jf]+Rr cbfnt 5503 28198 23448 0 0 78935 0 8470 144554
4 clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u 0 205 39713 0 0 4752 0 0 44670
5 nf]s ;]jf cfof]u 287 0 3409 0 0 2347 0 0 6043
6 lgjf+rg cfof]u 2250 98 790 0 5265 2230 0 0 10633
7 dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof+no 0 0 40265 0 0 20841 61106
8 k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 3559 1761 1028 13970 3512 800 0 0 24630
9 cy+ 611 124586 0 0 29482 0 130 154809
10 pBf]u 1830 564 0 0 85098 75169 0 237 162898
11 pmhf+ 467 89997 0 161944 100925 0 0 353333
12 s=lif ljsf; 17686 19859 133819 7809 45045 224218
13 u=x 1370302 1302 88463 469674 2688228 2259308 125370 56797 7059444
14 k//fi6\ 140850 31150 0 50899 0 0 145759 15542 384200
15 kz'klG5 ljsf; 4474 38408 0 19592 62474
16 ;_:s=lt ko+6g tyf gful/s p88\og 7817 1791 0 116944 48551 0 2597 177700
17 e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf 6998 3796 30330 0 104265 32349 0 17136 194874
18 ef}lts k"jf+wf/ tyf oftfoft 29607 5709 5652922 445953 4174597 9017065 286504 386032 19998389
19 dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f 7829 5 27257 0 36703 0 0 41579 113373
20 o'jf tyf v]ns'b 11485 290 0 0 0 0 0 53965 65740
21 /Iff 12606 8558 0 2585075 1153721 0 2051394 254626 6065980
22 jg tyf e"Y;_/If0f 25159 23867 0 0 165982 0 0 40101 255109
23 jfl0fHo 863 40 125 0 0 109 1137
24 cfk"lt+ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
25 lj1fg tyf k|ljlw 419 419
26 hg;_Vof tyf jftfj/0f 200 336663 0 9594 0 0 1850 348307
27 zflGt tyf k'glgdf+0f 2611 0 11628 0 246113 0 0 3851 264203
28 lzIff 105029 39922 0 0 1111876 0 0 227123 1483950
29 >d tyf /f]huf/ 0 2849 986 0 64398 0 0 16005 84238
30 ;fdfGo k|zf;g 350 0 0 0 4392 0 0 451 5193
31 l;rfO+ 18098 3027 2167548 0 286692 1923166 400 1269 4400200
32 ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ 1888 950 12671 0 117170 901 0 4695 138275
33 ;x/L lasf; 7874 3834 736563 0 11922 762224 0 0 1522417
34 vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO+ 14410 787 221343 0 8702 1287072 0 208169 1740483
35 ;_3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; 152685 152611 747633 348795 6962895 860414 130712 2434598 11790343
36 :jf:Yo tyf hg;_Vof 166901 70209 46874 52835 145346 49900 245462 160399 937926
37 ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f 4 1216 4591 5184 14193 0 560 25748
38 /fli6\o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno 0 1438 0 0 0 0 0 900 2338
hDdf 2120168 409121 10457366 3967201 17804487 16617260 2985601 4001828 58363032

cg';"rL Y ^
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sf/f]af/sf]
n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ljj/0f
[?-xhf/df{
cfotkm+ Jootkm+
s|-;_ lhNnfljsf; ;ldlt n]vfk/LIf0f /sd j]?h' /sd ut jif++sf] lhDd]jf/L ;/sf/L cfGtl/s w/f}6L
cGo hDdf ah]6 vr+ w/f}6L cGo df}Hbft hDdf
[w/f}6L ;d]t{ cg'bfg ;|f]t rfn' jif+sf]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 tfKn]h'u 285129 27815 47920 50638 2660 110335 1510 213063 50638 693 68655 93077 213063
2 kf_ry/ 875275 18984 28363 428347 0 2687 7631 467028 428347 4438 3825 30418 467028
3 Onfd 1179981 52665 51869 361184 148389 64964 34380 660786 361184 23299 186581 89722 660786
4 emfkf 2531958 91658 130022 1025186 10017 140517 79756 1385498 1025186 54294 197002 109016 1385498
5 ;_v'jf;ef 803137 86998 68624 353241 0 37347 5720 464932 353241 7104 46484 58103 464932
6 t]x|y'd 609401 6475 22381 275801 19966 9990 1694 329832 275801 1148 25001 27882 329832
7 ef]hk'/ 1092400 12115 32267 508757 0 35908 856 577788 508757 1277 36845 30909 577788
8 wgs'6f 931429 24509 45875 330820 3469 126940 14873 521977 330820 14120 110387 66650 521977
9 ;'g;/L 3116007 323901 32869 703550 778670 65192 10125 1590406 703550 8990 845930 31936 1590406
10 df]/u 3368898 199139 115890 1155719 452777 65147 32687 1822220 1155719 12281 494568 159652 1822220
11 ;f]n'v'Da' 1226652 33945 410502 466446 144705 992 2796 1025441 466446 4303 140964 413728 1025441
12 vf]6fu 1556846 38681 40312 646894 55725 73381 701 817013 646894 596 132655 36868 817013
13 pbok'/ 1583965 41852 14920 523507 252337 15186 2517 808467 523507 990 265921 18049 808467
14 cf]vn9'uf 2222585 105711 24776 1007452 13788 87397 7220 1140633 1007452 1399 97877 33905 1140633
15 ;Kt/L 2293194 98188 25006 1042466 93501 7245 4179 1172397 1042466 1552 101785 26594 1172397
16 l;/fxf 1913041 194614 44105 841620 91649 11494 3931 992799 841620 3492 119235 28452 992799
17 wg'iff 1953925 162412 65285 809504 124236 29026 18868 1046919 809504 7566 155221 74628 1046919
18 dxf]Q/L 1652736 160283 74124 752059 41291 20148 8050 895672 752059 2152 76977 64484 895672
19 ;nf++xL 2045514 59786 33254 967966 20731 24642 5832 1052425 967966 2099 56278 26082 1052425
20 l;Gw'nL 2117097 16082 124958 797294 191689 29739 3276 1146956 797294 1012 296793 51857 1146956
21 /fd]5fk 2233924 193590 80505 957994 139286 10500 4305 1192590 957994 3500 160345 70751 1192590
22 bf]nvf 2079871 16501 39995 906157 111962 18918 1972 1079004 906157 2037 132668 38142 1079004
23 l;Gw'kfNrf]s 6031634 50599 144919 653622 4746 2385870 6102 3195259 653622 6042 2321630 213965 3195259
24 /;'jf 927387 24295 39658 413157 37067 1876 1128 492886 413157 307 60695 18727 492886
25 wflbu 2406927 184293 200344 836734 634 423987 3757 1465456 836734 2557 302524 323641 1465456
26 g'jfsf]6 3087888 100142 139346 644937 878261 74024 1216 1737784 644937 6180 838333 248334 1737784
27 sf7df08f} 2871043 188912 458825 371947 82834 945718 8338 1867662 371947 6876 1083383 405456 1867662
28 nlntk'/ 1275220 108346 237340 287111 7368 380316 0 912135 287111 0 313314 311710 912135
29 eQmk'/ 361407 28126 204269 125968 7897 54840 6016 398990 125968 2531 38187 232304 398990
30 sfe|]knfGrf]s 2260121 13776 33954 689755 313710 140127 3517 1181063 689755 3802 419455 68051 1181063
31 dsjfgk'/ 2236761 44988 138856 571560 351897 140692 76118 1279123 571560 931 524003 182629 1279123
32 /f}tx6 2035518 109850 14584 938944 0 70987 10439 1034954 938944 11947 64257 19806 1034954
33 jf/f 1836837 284355 38208 774562 2188 124146 8479 947583 774562 6523 146377 20121 947583
34 k;f+ 1604747 89517 42963 671883 101735 29644 9613 855838 671883 1754 118235 63966 855838

cfotkm+ Jootkm+
s|-;_ lhNnfljsf; ;ldlt n]vfk/LIf0f /sd j]?h' /sd ut jif++sf] lhDd]jf/L ;/sf/L cfGtl/s w/f}6L
cGo hDdf ah]6 vr+ w/f}6L cGo df}Hbft hDdf
[w/f}6L ;d]t{ cg'bfg ;|f]t rfn' jif+sf]
35 lrtjg 1591031 41607 59773 585545 216821 8737 5210 876086 585545 3946 185227 101368 876086
36 gjnk/f;L 3635759 216786 149843 782115 953004 46044 32818 1963824 782115 29146 1010517 142046 1963824
37 ?kGb]xL 2048803 90226 260707 735121 77184 196080 26878 1295970 735121 24276 254143 282430 1295970
38 slkna:t' 1826549 51216 398291 673408 4234 206850 4604 1287387 673408 9105 254940 349934 1287387
39 c3f+vf_rL 1047434 23278 41276 488278 24412 5045 2994 562005 488278 5370 33057 35300 562005
40 kfNkf 1426074 20101 81457 582166 63846 59710 2483 789662 582166 2021 133682 71793 789662
41 u'NdL 1637307 46102 35658 785671 24178 10480 3652 859639 785671 1042 26613 46313 859639
42 :ofuhf 1670902 18534 65003 726120 54274 51287 5962 902646 764246 7056 61957 69387 902646
43 tgx'_ 2168788 122240 109711 674989 333621 51117 8171 1177609 674989 3882 422019 76719 1177609
44 uf]/vf 4012322 35608 237393 1692591 157229 142150 16714 2246077 1692591 4762 306285 242439 2246077
45 dgfu 391159 15302 88855 159389 11475 1936 758 262413 159389 117 58095 44812 262413
46 ndh'u 1197921 7805 57749 480267 94407 29909 0 662332 480267 0 113071 68994 662332
47 sf:sL 1538416 61423 133117 482912 9007 268693 24520 918249 482912 11970 258402 164965 918249
48 kj+t 1142457 84516 75426 465996 40620 57520 3663 643225 465996 2229 106433 68567 643225
49 afUn'u 1446708 51741 44675 632219 68873 14069 7482 767318 632219 0 91846 43253 767318
50 DofUbL 1024748 68592 19190 343571 133596 41237 3674 541268 343571 3674 155425 38598 541268
51 d':tfu 523944 16549 35388 179202 51078 35841 3618 305127 179202 1840 73163 50922 305127
52 d'u' 949704 25829 6795 103679 362456 2030 4267 479227 103679 3177 370416 1955 479227
53 8f]Nkf 798516 61559 14044 365151 1971 30575 7728 419469 365151 3292 24648 26378 419469
54 x'Dnf 1301204 52123 26559 616229 8185 26568 3263 680804 616229 833 29897 33845 680804
55 h'Dnf 1101991 89067 17805 518132 21949 5823 1528 565237 518132 3268 33159 10678 565237
56 sflnsf]6 1197688 262586 13199 465520 125911 2223 4540 611393 465520 2649 131325 11899 611393
57 ?s'd 2442994 41989 40079 594420 624122 2545 20485 1281651 594420 8102 598900 80229 1281651
58 /f]Nkf 1184919 49763 34045 565717 16849 11658 741 629010 565717 578 23659 39056 629010
59 Ko"7fg 1136387 26376 59526 483999 41617 48620 2778 636540 483999 2807 72567 77167 636540
60 bfu 1521916 104096 87932 620891 20259 125242 3496 857820 620891 2786 128351 105792 857820
61 ;Nofg 1027347 46416 26937 449407 36392 31271 3832 547839 449407 877 56161 41394 547839
62 af_s] 1295077 57704 135430 489032 0 128116 27664 780242 489032 16672 144561 129977 780242
63 alb+of 1298549 77920 77445 565356 40903 38392 7465 729561 565356 5415 75662 83128 729561
64 ;'v]+t 996161 109527 19010 447132 0 48534 4199 518875 447132 3184 45980 22579 518875
65 hfh/sf]6 1084946 49291 15935 459262 0 92122 1966 569285 459262 2935 69399 37689 569285
66 b}n]v 1478035 26771 40910 693691 34033 2609 2428 773671 693691 323 51260 28397 773671
67 s}nfnL 2044953 99997 78181 758062 159560 98661 5700 1100164 758062 4793 260115 77194 1100164
68 8f]6L 1071594 32712 58667 516294 4234 15351 3647 598193 516294 987 14787 66125 598193
69 c5fd 1501018 58740 37853 665331 77681 4409 2937 788211 665331 2497 82832 37551 788211
70 afh'/f 1189293 37182 27315 576388 10515 1472 5722 621412 576388 8275 10533 26216 621412
71 aemfu 1438481 6820 22355 681776 29960 7287 3984 745362 681776 1842 31856 29888 745362
72 bfr'+nf 859158 70561 12586 272070 157899 680 4005 447240 272070 4508 147926 22736 447240
73 a}t8L 1319360 197565 8452 613050 32640 14468 1170 669780 613050 2434 42548 11748 669780
74 88]nw'/f 790197 27291 33328 316996 245 75838 1360 427767 316996 3085 75677 32009 427767
75 s~rgk'/ 1059484 19844 19164 416706 39011 44821 21437 541139 416706 10179 110624 3630 541139
s"n hDdf 123027749 5796458 6054152 44616633 8649436 7845942 687145 67853308 44654759 413726 16160108 6624715 67853308

cg';rL Y &
[k|ltj]bgsf] k=i7 @ sf] bkmf # ;_u ;DalGwt{
;/sf/L sfof+nox?sf] of] jif+sf] a]?h" juL+s/0f
ljlgof]hg, /fh:j , w/f}6L / cGo sf/f]jf/
cfly+s jif+ @)&@/&#
[?- xhf/df{
a]?h"
k|f/lDes a]?h" k|ltlqmofaf6 km5of}6 af_sL a]?h"
lgoldt ug+'kg]+ k]ZsL
qm; bkmf ;_Vof bkmf ;_Vof bkmf ;_Vof /fh:j
dGqfno/ lgsfosf] gfd k|df0fsf
c;'n ug'+kg+] clgoldt nut ;f]wegf+ sd+rf/L
/sd /sd /sd sfuhft k]z hDdf cGo k]ZsL hDdf
;}4flGts nult ;}4flGts nult ;}4flGts nult ePsf] lhDd]jf/L glnPsf] k]ZsL
gePsf]
g;f/]sf]
1 /fi6\kltsf] sfof+no 7 2 421 0 1 242 7 1 179 0 179 0 0 0 179 0 0 0
2 pk/fi6\kltsf] sfof+no 7 2 361 0 1 102 7 1 259 0 259 0 0 0 259 0 0 0
3 ;_ljwfg ;ef Joj:yflksf ;_;b ;lrjfno 6 12 155702 1 1 296 5 11 155406 14403 139795 1208 0 0 141003 0 0 0
4 ;jf]+Rr cbfnt 193 94 155764 5 8 2085 188 86 153679 3801 7051 27224 0 0 34275 28198 87405 115603
5 clVtof/ b'|?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u 3 3 6871 0 1 1914 3 2 4957 0 0 0 0 0 0 205 4752 4957
6 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof+no 6 1 1454 0 0 0 6 1 1454 1454 0 0 0 1454 0 0 0
7 nf]s ;]jf cfof]u 23 12 45673 0 0 0 23 12 45673 5 40313 3008 0 0 43321 0 2347 2347
8 lgjf+rg cfof]u 37 11 13482 2 2 12 35 9 13470 40 10861 241 0 0 11102 98 2230 2328
9 dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof+no 95 81 29514 1 6 21 94 75 29493 2729 3738 2185 0 0 5923 0 20841 20841
10 Gofokl/ifb 4 3 206 0 0 0 4 3 206 206 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11 /fli6\o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u 19 11 438 0 2 39 19 9 399 399 0 0 0 0 0 0
12 k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 64 69 71543 3 28 3676 61 41 67867 3017 21922 40367 0 0 62289 1761 800 2561
13 cy+ 2047 1341 39624903 0 119 509956 2047 1222 39114947 37536167 16823 1531734 0 0 1548557 611 29612 30223
14 pBf]u 329 133 175707 7 12 288 322 121 175419 15478 25262 57521 1188 0 83971 564 75406 75970
15 pmhf+ 124 54 371480 10 3 63 114 51 371417 51867 165660 52965 0 0 218625 100925 100925
16 sfg"g, Gofo ,;_ljwfg ;ef tyf ;_;bLo dfldnf 10 3 18 1 2 7 9 1 11 0 11 0 0 0 11 0 0 0
17 s=lif ljsf; 1223 762 1404212 1 104 70715 1222 658 1333497 256264 121928 882592 0 0 1004520 19859 52854 72713
18 u=x 1332 358 2847457 9 68 70677 1323 290 2776780 17723 146023 170217 0 40 316280 1302 2441475 2442777
19 k//fi6\ 241 172 419088 0 2 441 241 170 418647 25913 24532 175751 0 0 200283 31150 161301 192451
20 kz'klG5 ljsf; 478 268 215859 0 37 23313 478 231 192546 11282 15230 99140 0 4420 118790 4474 58000 62474
21 ;_:s=lt,ko+6g tyf gful/s p88\og 174 97 235945 0 5 592 174 92 235353 160336 6322 15756 0 0 22078 1891 51048 52939
22 e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf 758 342 850278 2 6 11537 756 336 838741 336348 66408 382704 0 0 449112 3796 49485 53281
23 ef}lts k"jf+wf/ tyf oftfoft 2478 1043 12792932 6 31 22438 2472 1012 12770494 650002 1408186 1016996 0 0 2425182 5709 9689601 9695310
24 dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f 311 113 314016 0 4 101 311 109 313915 2926 6107 263298 269405 5 41579 41584
25 o'jf tyf v]ns'b 18 9 163197 0 0 0 18 9 163197 8 533 108401 108934 290 53965 54255
26 /Iff 396 82 2403224 198 15 27776 198 67 2375448 5379 27142 28349 0 0 55491 8558 2306020 2314578
27 jg tyf e"Y;_/If0f 1048 550 309414 4 28 6853 1044 522 302561 28774 60353 149466 0 0 209819 23867 40101 63968
28 jfl0fHo 42 12 8992 0 0 0 42 12 8992 785 7695 363 0 0 8058 40 109 149
29 cfk"lt+ 31 7 156595 0 1 119183 31 7 37412 91 0 37321 0 0 37321 0 0 0
30 lj1fg tyf k|ljlw 53 8 76739 1 0 0 52 8 76739 2752 19529 54039 73568 419 419
31 hg;_Vof tyf aftfj/0f 136 46 409142 0 4 12994 136 42 396148 74151 57229 49811 0 213107 320147 1850 1850
32 zflGt tyf k'glg+df+0f 46 48 313395 0 0 0 46 48 313395 50 30056 279438 0 0 309494 3851 3851
33 lzIff 1265 1322 7790880 6 67 26483 1259 1255 7764397 105807 183653 7207679 213 7391545 39922 227123 267045
34 >d tyf /f]huf/ 143 76 94636 0 0 0 143 76 94636 216 37001 38565 0 0 75566 2849 16005 18854
35 ;fdfGo k|zf;g 7 1 451 0 0 0 7 1 451 0 0 0 0 0 0 451 451
36 l;rfO+ 1830 669 3124889 15 53 68190 1815 616 3056699 31985 685497 371920 0 39435 1096852 3027 1924835 1927862
37 ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ 250 112 698963 2 7 233 248 105 698730 554622 53540 82613 165 1244 137562 950 5596 6546
38 ;x/L lasf; 615 328 1252548 0 4 11430 615 324 1241118 40460 131840 302760 0 0 434600 3834 762224 766058
39 vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO+ 1139 417 5789615 1 28 1964536 1138 389 3825079 174655 781278 726363 0 646755 2154396 787 1495241 1496028
40 ;_l3o dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; 2044 2121 9534930 12 100 1500159 2032 2021 8034771 255179 480321 3717208 0 3728 4201257 109128 3469207 3578335
41 :jf:Yo 1631 1296 1246553 7 78 63445 1624 1218 1183108 52295 344631 260212 0 0 604843 70207 455763 525970
42 ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f 185 87 261431 0 18 1818 185 69 259613 22505 1754 4515 0 214870 221139 1216 14753 15969
43 /fli6\o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno 51 22 8559 0 1 2 51 21 8557 252 5417 550 0 0 5967 1438 900 2338
hDdf 20899 12200 93377477 294 847 4521617 20605 11354 88855860 40438872 5135533 18142480 1353 1123812 24403178 365736 23648074 24013810

cg';rL Y *
[k|ltj]bgsf] k=i7 @ sf] bkmf # ;_u ;DalGwt{
;_ul7t ;_:yf, cGo ;_:yf, ;ldlt / lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltx?sf] of] jif+sf] a]?h" juL+s/0f
cfly+s jif+ @)&@/&#
[? xhf/df{
a]?h'
k|f/lDes a]?h" k|ltlqmofaf6 km5of}6 af_sL a]?h"
lgoldt ug+'kg]+ k]ZsL
qm; dGqfno/ lgsfosf] gfd bkmf ;_Vof bkmf ;_Vof bkmf ;_Vof c;'n k|df0fsf /fh:j nut
clgoldt ;f]wegf+
/sd /sd /sd ug'+kg+] sfuhft k]z lhDd]jf/L hDdf sd+rf/L k]ZsL cGo k]ZsL hDdf
;}4flGts nult ;}4flGts nult ;}4flGts nult ePsf] glnPsf]
gePsf] g;f/]sf]
1 k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 13 9 6349 0 0 0 13 9 6349 3990 744 1615 0 0 2359 0 0 0
2 cy+ 25 14 235535 0 0 0 25 14 235535 164966 1732 58004 0 0 59736 0 10833 10833
3 pBf]u 5 6 43439 0 0 0 5 6 43439 0 127 43312 0 0 43439 0 0 0
4 s=lif ljsf; 327 114 45081 0 10 13385 327 104 31696 6394 2502 22147 0 145 24794 9 499 508
5 u=x 47 28 189050 0 3 74377 47 25 114673 95320 11717 7636 0 0 19353 0 0 0
6 kz'klG5 dGqfno 18 6 3573 0 0 0 18 6 3573 61 35 3477 0 0 3512 0 0 0
7 ;_:s=tL ko+6g tyf gful/s p88\og 255 166 416269 0 0 0 255 166 416269 119138 112585 96429 0 1575 210589 2809 83733 86542
8 ef}lts k"jf+wf/ tyf oftfoft 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f 92 35 100105 0 0 0 92 35 100105 5780 8754 83369 0 0 92123 702 1500 2202
10 o'jf tyf v]ns'b 0 0 0 0 0
11 /Iff 114 22 4821081 38 6 4166590 76 16 654491 24488 752 42737 0 0 43489 0 586514 586514
12 jg tyf e"Y;_/If0f 84 27 43673 0 0 0 84 27 43673 795 5942 36661 0 0 42603 0 275 275
13 jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt+ 51 33 50578 1 4 3259 50 29 47319 8898 7931 2827 10758 27663 27663
14 lj1fg tyf k|ljlw 21 3 6508 0 0 0 21 3 6508 5127 0 0 0 0 0 1381 0 1381
15 hg;_vof tyf jftfj/0f 4 2 1720 0 0 0 4 2 1720 0 121 0 0 0 121 0 1599 1599
16 lzIff 254 251 688263 7 6 634 247 245 687629 14821 166977 324350 0 0 491327 3715 177766 181481
17 ;fdfGo k|zf;g 32 21 15856 1 3 3719 31 18 12137 4205 1861 5761 0 0 7622 0 310 310
18 ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ 25 10 7508 0 0 0 25 10 7508 14 7153 341 7494 0
19 ;x/L ljsf; 231 89 1063151 1 5 11366 230 84 1051785 12111 19353 875753 0 0 895106 600 143968 144568
20 vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO+ 37 13 281686 0 0 0 37 12 281686 17169 9556 928 0 253883 264367 0 150 150
21 ;_l3o dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; 39 29 37913 0 2 77 39 27 37836 2620 89 33415 0 0 33504 112 1600 1712
22 :jf:Yo tyf hg;_Vof 768 388 768616 0 19 72738 768 369 695878 64270 271259 77425 0 0 348684 9962 272962 282924
23 /fli6\o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
24 kf]v/f ljZjljBfno 98 27 95316 0 7 46119 98 20 49197 92 672 48433 0 0 49105 0
25 g]kfn ;_:s=t ljZj ljBfno 155 59 71750 0 0 0 155 59 71750 775 66149 4826 0 70975 0 0 0
26 lqe'jg ljZj ljBfno 1258 814 2105151 1 8 1210 1257 806 2103941 73373 882129 1148439 0 0 2030568 0
27 n'lDjgL ljZjljBfno 47 51 6922 0 2 16 47 49 6906 566 4219 2121 0 0 6340 0 0 0
28 dWoklZrd ljZjljBfno 55 60 46873 0 36 883 55 24 45990 5 45267 718 0 0 45985 0
29 ;'b'/klZrdf~rn ljZjljBfno 174 67 4517 0 6 144 174 61 4373 48 3505 820 0 0 4325 0 0 0
30 s=lif tyf ag ljZjljBfno 134 37 12583 0 0 0 134 37 12583 103 11074 1406 0 0 12480 0 0 0
30 lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt 1346 852 1831687 7 26 59443 1339 826 1772244 298735 451696 781613 0 15505 1248814 11508 213187 224695
31 :yfgLo ljsf; sf]ifsf] ;lrjfno 113 60 34575 0 2 358 113 58 34217 23983 2481 5041 0 662 8184 1329 721 2050
s'n hDDff 5823 3293 13035328 56 145 4454318 5767 3147 8581010 947847 2096382 3709604 0 271770 6077756 32127 1523280 1555407

cg';"rL Y (
[k|ltj]bgsf] k=i7 !@! sf] bkmf !(@ ;_u ;DalGwt{
;/sf/L sfof+notkm+ [ljlgof]hg, /fh:j ,w/f}6L / cGo sf/f]jf/{
a]?h" km5\of}+6 tyf ;Dk/LIf0fsf] ljj/0f
[?-xhf/df{
qm-;_- dGqfno/lgsfo utjif+;Ddsf] afsL ;dfof]hg ;_-k_sf] cg'/f]w eO+ cfPsf] ;Dk/LIf0f ePsf] ;_-k-ug+ gldn]sf] sf/afxL ug+ af_sL ut jif+ ;Ddsf] af_sL of] jif+sf] yk %$cf}_} k|ltj]bg ;Ddsf] af_sL a]?h" %$cf}_} k|ltj]bg ;Ddsf] af_sL a]?h"dWo] k]:sL
k|lta]bg @)^@ b]lv @)&# ;Dd
1 /fi6\kltsf] sfof+no 67599 18842 18842 0 48757 179 48936 48658
2 pk/fi6\kltsf] sfof+no 67 0 0 0 0 67 259 326
3 ;_ljwfg ;ef Joj:yflksf ;_;b ;lrjfno 47507 12762 12762 0 34745 155406 190151 5020
4 ;jf]+Rr cbfnt 527584 236354 208739 27615 0 318845 153679 472524 144554
5 clVtof/ b'|?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u 60221 25503 25503 0 34718 4957 39675 44670
6 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof+no 0 0 0 0 0 0 1454 1454 0
7 nf]s ;]jf cfof]u 8868 6945 5778 1167 0 3090 45673 48763 6043
8 lgjf+rg cfof]u 479396 291137 254741 36396 0 224655 13470 238125 10633
9 dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof+no 76690 35255 35255 0 41435 29493 70928 61106
10 Gofokl/ifb 238 209 209 0 0 29 206 235 0
11 /fli6\o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u 13675 1000 5969 4344 1625 0 10331 399 10730 0
12 k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 635506 478172 386120 92052 0 249386 67867 317253 24630
13 cy+ 12386867 5556306 4993613 562693 0 7393254 39114947 46508201 154809
14 pBf]u 502009 362260 354954 7306 0 147055 175419 322474 162898
15 pmhf+ 810342 8410 8079 331 0 802263 371417 1173680 353333
16 sfg"g, Gofo ,;_ljwfg ;ef tyf ;_;bLo dfldnf 975 125 125 0 0 850 11 861 0
17 s=lif ljsf; 2836219 114587 112316 2271 0 2723903 1333497 4057400 224218
18 u=x 6091509 1961995 1368474 593521 0 4723035 2776780 7499815 7059444
19 k//fi6\ 1852218 958930 592647 366283 0 1259571 418647 1678218 384200
20 kz'klG5 ljsf; 0 0 0 0 0 0 192546 192546 62474
21 ;_:s=lt,ko+6g tyf gful/s p88\og 279843 51561 51154 407 0 228689 235353 464042 177700
22 e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf 1811884 704523 652174 52349 0 1159710 838741 1998451 194874
23 ef}lts k'jf+wf/ tyf oftfoft 19156686 5191784 4342911 848873 0 14813775 12770494 27584269 19998389
25 o'jf tyf v]ns'b 74781 17948 15353 2595 0 59428 163197 222625 65740
26 /Iff 6367559 3245887 2679082 157001 409804 3688477 2375448 6063925 6065980
27 jg tyf e"Y;_/If0f 1020787 353763 338946 12178 2639 681841 302561 984402 255109
28 jfl0fHo 97529 0 97529 8992 106521 1137
29 cfk"lt+ 37412 37412 0
30 lj1fg tyf k|ljlw 0 0 0 0 0 0 76739 76739 419
31 hg;_Vof tyf aftfj/0f 858195 487115 323794 163321 0 534401 396148 930549 348307
32 zflGt tyf k'glgdf+0f 854819 569737 569737 0 285082 313395 598477 264203
33 lzIff 11694922 3837840 3543042 294798 0 8151880 7764397 15916277 1483950
34 >d tyf /f]huf/ 317918 108430 107314 1116 0 210604 94636 305240 84238
35 ;fdfGo k|zf;g 12883 5782 5782 0 0 7101 451 7552 5193
36 l;rfO+ 4713218 2414524 1684044 730480 0 3029174 3056699 6085873 4400200
37 ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ 1709146 1316920 878115 438805 0 831031 698730 1529761 138275
38 ;x/L ljsf; 5047281 735367 726483 8884 0 4320798 1241118 5561916 1522417
39 vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO+ 3951975 1845927 1710076 135851 0 2241899 3825079 6066978 1740483
40 ;_l3o dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; 21353616 7197573 5194270 2003303 0 16159346 8034771 24194117 11790343
41 :jf:Yo tyf hg;_Vof 6060559 2590926 2353533 237393 0 3707026 1183108 4890134 937926
42 ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f 111929 22272 20801 1471 0 91128 259613 350741 25748
43 /fli6\o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno 47629 651 21105 20461 644 0 27819 8557 36376 2338
hDdf 112413821 1651 40991008 33778698 6799867 412443 78636774 88855860 167492634 58363032
40 a]?h' km5of}+6 ;ldlt x:tfGt/0f [k|lta]bg @)^! ;Dd{* 101692 0 101692 101692
hDdf 101692 0 0 0 101692 101692
s'n hDdf 112515513 1651 40991008 33778698 6799867 412443 78738466 88855860 167594326 58363032

cg';"rL Y !)
[k|ltj]bgsf] k=i7 !@! sf] bkmf !(@ ;_u ;DalGwt{
;_ul7t ;_:yf, cGo ;_:yf, ;ldlt / lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlttkm+
a]?h" km5\of}+6 tyf ;Dk/LIf0fsf] ljj/0f
[?= xhf/df_
o; sfof+noaf6 ePsf] ;_-k-;DaGwL ljj/0f ut jif+ of] %$ cf} k|ltj]bg
qm-;_- dGqfno/lgsfo ;ldlt afsL ;Dk/LIf0f ;_-k-ug+ sf/afxL ;Ddsf] jif+sf] ;Ddsf]
utjif+;Ddsf] af_sL ;dfof]hg ;_-k_-sf] cg'/f]w eO+ cfPsf]
x:tfGt/0f @)^@ k|ltj]bgb]lv ePsf] gldn]sf] ug+ af_sL af_sL yk af_sL a]?h"
1 ;_ljwfg ;ef Joj:yflksf ;_;b ;lrjfno 4833 4833 0 4833 4833
2 k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 103260 103260 70574 70574 0 32686 6349 39035
3 cy+ 774440 774440 129608 102306 27302 0 672134 235535 907669
4 pBf]u 134547 134547 133 133 0 134414 43439 177853
5 sfg"g, Gofo ,;_ljwfg ;ef tyf ;_;bLo dfldnf 3509 3509 0 3509 3509
6 s=lif ljsf; 228336 228336 1056 103 953 0 228233 31696 259929
7 u=x 1261189 1261189 334575 252014 82561 0 1009175 114673 1123848
8 kz'klG5 ljsf; 3573 3573
9 ;_:s=lt, ko+6g tyf gful/s p88\og 3782371 3782371 66292 57883 8409 0 3724488 416269 4140757
10 e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf 549 549 0 549 549
11 ef}lts k"jf+wf/ tyf oftfoft 251011 251011 0 0 0 0 251011 0 251011
13 o'jf tyf v]ns'b 765938 765938 5284 0 5284 0 765938 0 765938
14 /Iff 1015287 1015287 369731 294613 63567 11551 720674 654491 1375165
15 jg tyf e"Y;_/If0f 690905 690905 57230 43663 13567 0 647242 43673 690915
16 jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt+ 119924 119924 26960 23843 3117 0 96081 47319 143400
17 lj1fg tyf k|ljlw 12819 12819 4718 4718 0 8101 6508 14609
18 hg;_Vof tyf jftfj/0f 4339 4339 3897 3897 442 1720 2162
19 lzIff 3841821 3841821 799409 758111 41298 0 3083710 687629 3771339
20 >d tyf /f]huf/ 602 602 0 602 0 602
21 ;fdfGo k|zf;g 54896 54896 49849 49599 250 0 5297 12137 17434
22 l;_rfO+ 764266 764266 0 764266 0 764266
23 ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ 1175712 1175712 13300 4689 8611 0 1171023 7508 1178531
24 ;x/L ljsf; 1218987 1218987 161789 157747 4042 0 1061240 1051785 2113025
25 vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO+ 583379 583379 419168 419168 0 164211 281686 445897
26 ;_l3o dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; 1044765 1044765 39704 39138 566 0 1005627 37836 1043463
27 :jf:Yo tyf hg;_Vof 4425305 4425305 1270690 864341 406349 0 3560964 695878 4256842
28 /fli6\o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno 21000 21000 21000 0 21000
29 kf]v/f ljZj ljBfno 234272 234272 108367 108367 0 0 125905 49197 175102
30 g]kfn ;_:s=t ljZj ljBfno 350373 350373 0 0 0 0 350373 71750 422123
31 lqe'jg ljZj ljBfno 14956877 14956877 1387079 396229 990850 0 14560648 2103941 16664589
32 nlDjgL af}4 ljZj ljBfno 1963 1963 0 0 0 0 1963 6906 8869
33 dWoklZrdf~rn ljZjljBfno 165942 165942 102 102 0 165840 45990 211830
34 ;'b'/klZrdf~rn ljZjljBfno 16547 16547 461 461 0 0 16086 4373 20459
35 s=lif tyf ag ljZjljBfno 36880 36880 0 0 0 0 36880 12583 49463
36 lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt 11613573 11613573 966289 909600 56689 0 10703973 1772244 12476217
37 :yfgLo ljsf; sf]if 404121 404121 4494 4494 0 399627 34217 433844
hDdf 50404871 0 50404871 0 6419600 4586069 1821980 11551 45818802 8581010 54399812
j]?h" km5\of}+6 ;ldltdf x?tfGt/0f 106016 106016
* aflif+s k|ltj]bg, @)^! ;Ddsf] a]?h" nut a]?h" km5\of}+6 ;ldltdf k7fOPsf]df af_sL nut olsg eO+ g;s]sf]n] ;ldltaf6 km5\of}+6 hgfPsf] /sdnfO+ ;dfof]hgdf b]vfO+ nut stf /sdnfO+ ;Dk/LIf0f
/sddf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

cg';"rL Y !!
[k|ltj]bgsf] k=i7 !)! bkmf !^& ;_u ;DalGwt{
sf]ifsf] ljj/0f
@)&@.&#
[?- xhf/df{
s||_- ;_ dGqfno lgsfo utjif+sf] df}Hbft o; jif+sf] cfo hDdf vr+ af_sL
1 ;jf]+Rr cbfnt 22642 2616 25258 0 25258
1.1 Goflos k|lti7fg sf]if 22642 2616 25258 0 25258
2 Joj:yflksf ;_;b ;lrjfno 4833 0 4833 0 4833
2.1 ;_;b ljsf; sf]if 4833 4833 4833
3 k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 4830488 26507549 31338037 10436179 20901858
3.1 k|wfgdGqL /fxt sf]if 107504 0 107504 107504
3.2 k|wfgdGqL ;xfotf sf]if 2068 0 2068 2068
3.3 g]kfn 6\i6 sf]if 327315 131766 459081 53569 405512
3.4 k|wfgdGqL b}jL k|sf]if p4f/ sf]if 4387808 8096281 12484089 10382610 2101479
3.5 k'glg+df+0f sf]if 0 18260000 18260000 0 18260000
3.6 w/x/f k'g+lgdf+0f sf]if 0 19502 19502 0 19502
3.7 If]qLo b}jL k|sf]if p4f/ ;ldlt Y% 5793 0 5793 0 5793
4 cy+ 579501 151381653 151961154 128119811 23841343
4.1 d'No clea=l4 s/ lkmtf+ sf]if 27500 28428413 28455913 5936144 22519769
4.2 e_;f/ sf]if 552001 122953240 123505241 122183667 1321574
5 pBf]u 74749 201094 275843 66556 209287
5.1 x:tsnf k|j4+g sf]if 8775 1945 10720 5107 5613
5.2 s]Gb|Lo sf/fuf/ sf]if 12581 4668 17249 1585 15664
5.3 n3' 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u shf+ k|jfx d"n sf]if 1387 144429 145816 8003 137813
5.4 k|ljlw ljsf; sf]if 10000 0 10000 0 10000
5.5 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ;ldlt sf]if 2204 8156 10360 8412 1948
5.6 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ;ldlt nufgL sf]if 16433 1562 17995 775 17220
5.7 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ;ldlt 3'DtL sf]if 7714 40334 48048 31887 16161
5.8 e" axfn s/ tyf lzIff 15655 0 15655 10787 4868
6 s=lif ljsf; 78228 32107 110335 29734 80601
6.1 kz' ljsf; kmd+ kf]v/f, sfo+;_rfng sf]if 53980 9682 63662 9486 54176
6.2 kz' ljsf; kmd+ kf]v/f, sf]if 4156 22306 26462 20195 6267
6.3 pi0f k|b]lzs jfujfgL ljsf; sf]if, ;nf+xL 120 0 120 47 73
6.4 kz':jf:yo 3'DtL sf]if 19972 119 20091 6 20085
7 u=x 1408908 3305489 4714397 3027192 1687205
7.1 k|x/L sNof0f sf]if / ;z:q k|x/L sNof0f sf]if 1408908 3305489 4714397 3027192 1687205
8 ;_:s=lt, ko+6g tyf gful/s p8\oog 28100 0 28100 0 28100
8.1 sfo+ ;_rfng sf]if 28100 0 28100 0 28100
9 e'ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf 885018 7884926 8769944 7920192 849752
9.1 e"ld Joj:yfkg ;'lb|l9s/0f sf]if 885018 7884926 8769944 7920192 849752
10 dlxnf,afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f 309073 142079 451152 170339 280813
10.1 ljpk"lh sf]if 37249 22390 59639 19834 39805
10.2 dfgj a]rljvg lj?4 sf]if 33720 10145 43865 21258 22607
10.3 zflGt sf]if 8038 0 8038 8038 0
10.4 jfn p4f/ sf]if 48847 13621 62468 2305 60163
10.5 h]i7 gful/s sf]if 14940 5014 19954 3827 16127
10.6 n}lus lx_;f lgjf/0f sf]if 50819 12416 63235 7033 56202
10.7 Psn dlxnf ;'/Iff sf]if 36546 5721 42267 1399 40868
10.8 ckf_u k'g:yfkgf sf]if 33120 17603 50723 43275 7448
10.9 3/]n' lx_;f lgjf/0f sf]if 1125 24 1149 61 1088
10.10 cGo sf]if 44669 55145 99814 63309 36505
11 /Iff, 33999310 13939400 47938710 10668926 37269784
11.1 ;}lgs sNof0fsf/L sf]if 33999310 13939400 47938710 10668926 37269784
12 jg tyf e"Y;_/If0f 198135 256827 454962 149979 304983
12.1 ag k}bfj/ cfk"lt+, 3f6ubLsf]if nufot 198135 256827 454962 149979 304983
13 lj1fg k|ljlw tyf jftfj/0f 33154 0 33154 0 33154
13.1 jftfj/0f ;_/If0f sf]if 33154 33154 33154
14 lzIff 471623 498674 970297 414302 555995
14.1 lhNNff lzIff sf]if 74106 456988 531094 414302 116792
14.2 5fqf lzIff sf]if 397517 41686 439203 0 439203
15 >d tyf /f]huf/ 11845334 2963672 14809006 365814 14443192
15.1 /fli6\o :t/sf] sNof0fsf/L sf]if 7925095 2141699 10066794 2112 10064682
15.2 ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]if 573434 29014 602448 0 602448
15.3 Joj;flos tyf l;k ljsf; tflnd s]Gb| sf]if 32783 41228 74011 19836 54175
15.4 O lk P; sf]l/of zfvf sf]if 0 0 0 0 0
15.5 a}b]lzs /f]huf/ k|jw+g af]8+ 3305085 751334 4056419 342360 3714059
15.6 k|Tofe"lt / cft_s lkl8t sf]if 7431 397 7828 0 7828
15.7 afnaflnsf ljsf; tyf k'gM:yfkgf sf]if 0 0 0 0 0
15.8 afn>d lgjf/0f sf]if 0 0 0 0 0
15.9 a}b]lzs /f]huf/ ljefu 1506 0 1506 1506 0
16 ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ 10198544 0 10198544 0 10198544
16.1 kqsf/ sNof0f sf]if 10000 10000 10000
16.2 ;"rgf ljefu sfo+ ;_rfng sf]if 13426 13426 13426
16.3 g]kfn b'/;_rf/ k|flws/0f[u|fld0f b'/;_rf/ sf]if{ 10175118 10175118 10175118
17 ;fdfGo k|zf;g 56 0 56 0 56
17.1 5fqa=lt sf]if 56 56 56
18 /fli6|o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno 10909 1556 12465 600 11865
18.1 gof lgdf+0f sf]if 10909 1556 12465 600 11865
hDdf 64978605 207117642 272096247 161369624 110726623

20170418064343AG Final Report 2073

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20170418064343AG Final Report 2073

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dxfn]vfk/LIfssf]

rjGgf}_ jflif{s k|ltj]bg

hglxtsfnflu hjfkmb]lxtf, kf/blz{tf / lgi7f k|j4{g ug]{

;/f] s f/jfnfnfO{ ;fj{ h lgs sf] i fsf] bIftfk" 0 f{ pkof] u

2 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

1 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

a]?h" juL+s/0f cg';"rL & / * df pNn]v 5 .

plNnlvt % dGqfnosf] a]?h" ;/sf/L sfof{notk{msf] s'n a]?h"sf] *)=$* k|ltzt

4 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

;fj{hlgs hjfkmb]lxtfsf] cj:yf

/fh:j k|zf;g ;_:yfg ;~rfng lhDd]jf/L axg

5 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

8 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

9 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

/sdfGt/ ;DaGwL cGo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\M

11 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

;Demf}tfadf]lhd cfofhgf cjlwsf] %) b]lv ($ k|ltzt ;do JotLt x'Fbf !&=*&

13 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

14 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

cGo ;xfotf ;DaGwdf b]xfocg';f/ b]lvPsf] 5M

16 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

17 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

22 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

23 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

24 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

26 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

sfg'gcg';f/ bflvnf ug'{kg{] /fh:j

27 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

28 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

30 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

32 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

33 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

34 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

 eG;f/ Pj+ cGtz'Ns

36 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

37 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

43 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

o;;DaGwL b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDg 5g\M

47 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M

49 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

50 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

51 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

o;;DaGwL d'Vo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M

52 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

53 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

54 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

55 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

56 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M

63 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

66 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

69 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

70 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

 a9L e'QmfgL / Jooef/

73 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

o; ;DaGwL d'Vo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M

74 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

75 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

 ;/sf/L ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f Pj+ pkof]u

77 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

79 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

82 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] rjGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&#

plNnlvt % dGqfnosf] a]?h" ;/sf/L sfof{notk{msf] s'n a]?h"sf] )=$ k|ltzt