Project

Dr. M.S. Campobasso

Department of Engineering, Room C12
m.s.campobasso@lancaster.ac.uk
 Project: general
- For both UG / PG students, exam contributes to 60% of final
mark, and project contributes to 40 % of module mark.

- All students form groups during lecture breaks before the

end of the first week of the course. Students who do not
attend the sessions in which groups are formed will be
assigned to the same group(s) (NOT a pre-existing group).

- Each group should have minimum 3 and maximum 5

students by default.

- All groups submit a project report, and report mark

contributes to 40 % of module mark.
 Project: deliverables and DEADLINES
(full-time students)

All groups of full-time students:

- submit report (PDF file ONLY) via Moodle by noon on the first Friday
after course end (9 February 2018).

Additionally:
• Only one member per group needs to make the electronic
submissions of the PDF files of the presentation and the report.
 Project: deliverables and DEADLINES
(part-time students)
All groups of full-time students:
- submit report (PDF file only) by noon on the fourth Wednesday after
course end (2 March 2018).

Additionally:
• Only one member per group needs to make the electronic
submissions of the PDF files of the presentation and the report.
 Report: structure - 1
• Typed report has maximum length of about 20 pages.

• This number includes essential plots and graphics , block diagrams

and equations (if applicable) .

• Additional supporting material can be placed in appendices.

• Maximum of 20 pages does not include appendices.

• Appendices are not mandatory.

 Report: structure - 2
Main structure of report is:

• Title page (cover), abstract and table of contents.

• Introduction setting the scene and stating the aims of the project .
• Main body, presenting work done and describing Its findings.
Where findings are from someone else’s work, references should be
clearly provided.
• Conclusions and, if appropriate, recommendations for further work
• Appendices.
• References (i.e. bibliography).
• Note/Section/Appendix explaining contribution of each group
member to project.
 Report: marking scheme
Report makes 40% of module mark. Marking scheme is as
below.

• Analysis of the problem: 25%

• Adopted methods: 30%
• Conclusions and recommendations: 25%
• Overall presentation of report: 20%
 Project : Off-shore wind COE - 1
• PROBLEM STATEMENT. An annual energy production
(AEP) of about 400,000 MWh based entirely on a new
off-shore wind farm is required. You have been asked to
propose two alternative power plant designs and
provide the levelised cost of energy (LCOE) of the
energy harvested with both solutions.

• Rated power of each turbine should preferably be (it’s

not mandatory) between 1 and 6 MW. Wind frequency
distribution should be modelled using a Weibull or
Rayleigh distribution, unless reliable referenced
measured data are available. Account for variation of
wind speed with height.
 Project : Off-shore wind COE - 2
• NOTE 1. You are free to select an installation site, but a
specific installation site MUST be selected in all cases.
Make sure that you have some wind data available for
the installation site you have selected (e.g. modelled or
measured wind frequency distribution, dominant wind
direction over time of the year (e.g. wind rose), etc.).

• NOTE 2: you may select a site where a wind farm

already exist, or is being developed, but this is not
mandatory.

• NOTE 3: you may choose to use fixed-bottom turbines

(i.e. with tower foundations) or moored floating
platforms (more challenging and R&D-oriented!).
 Project : Off-shore wind COE - 3
• Task 1. Select two commercial turbines, one with low
rated power (closer to 1 MW end) and one with higher
rated power (closer to 6 MW end). Motivate your
choices in light of provided power plant specifications.
Provide detailed definition of turbine power curve,
including cut-in, rated and cut-out speeds. Include
energy losses due to a) turbine shut-down during
planned and unplanned (probabilistic estimate)
maintenance, and b) wake/turbine interactions. Include
any other realistic cause of energy losses in the farm.
Determine capacity factors of two power plants: it is
HIGHLY ADVISABLE that capability factor be COMPUTED
rather than assumed.
 Project: Off-shore wind COE - 4
• Task 2. Knowing or making educated guess of cost of both
turbine types, assuming capital cost breakdown of type
reported in [1], and making educated assumptions on
operation and maintenance costs and any other cost you
deem relevant to the analysis, calculate the levelised cost
of energy (LCOE), (LCOE formal definition provided in [1]),
for the two off-shore wind farm set-ups. Compare the
two LCOE estimates with other recent off-shore wind
energy LCOE estimates citing your data sources.
• Note: technical and economical data (e.g. complete
power curve and cost breakdowns) required for
completing project and not readily available should be
guessed on the basis of informed and justified
scientific/technological/economical assumptions.
 Project: Off-shore wind COE - 5
• For both wind farms, your report will provide: 1) any
assumption you have made to obtain your results, 2) all
main steps of energy and cost analyses, 3) main features
of two power plants (e.g. capacity factor of the
turbine/farm, number of turbines, rated power of each
turbine, rotor dimension of each turbine, etc.), 4)
detailed bibliography of all sources you have used, and
5) estimate of uncertainty affecting your analyses.

• It is advised you also read reference [2]. If appropriate,

provide comments on links between your findings and
the analyses of ref. [2].
 Bibliography

[1] S. Tegen, M. Hand, B. Maples, E. Lantz P. Schwabe,

and A. Smith, 2010 Cost of Wind Energy Review, Technical
Report NREL/TP-5000-52920 April 2012.

[2] G. Sieros, P. Chaviaropoulos, J.D. Sorensen, B.H.

Bulder, P. Jamieson, Upscaling wind turbines: theoretical
and practical aspects and their impact on the cost of
energy, Wind Energy, 2012, Vol. 15, pp. 3-17.