Dados los puntos: (-4.5, 0.7), (-3.2, 2.3), (-1.4, 3.8), (0.8, 5.0), (2.5, 5.5), (4.1, 5.

6) determine los polinomios de grado

3 y 4 . Graficar para determinar la curva más aproximada.

Polinomio de grado 3

Elementos de la matriz M=6

La matriz a resolver seria de 4x4, entonces hallamos los coeficientes:

𝑀 𝑥𝑖 𝑥 2 𝑖 𝑥 3 𝑖 𝑎1 𝑦𝑖
𝑥𝑖 𝑥 2 𝑖 𝑥 3 𝑖 𝑥 4 𝑖 | 𝑎2 𝑥𝑖 𝑦𝑖
= [𝑥 2 𝑖𝑦𝑖 ]
𝑥2𝑖 𝑥3𝑖 𝑥4𝑖 𝑥5𝑖 | 𝑎3
𝑎4 𝑥 3 𝑖𝑦𝑖
[𝑥 3 𝑖 𝑥 4 𝑖 𝑥 5 𝑖 𝑥 6 𝑖 ]

∑ 𝑥𝑖 = −4.5 + (−3.2) + (−1.4) + 0.8 + 2.5 + 4.1 = −1.7

𝑖=1
6

∑ 𝑥 2 𝑖 = (−4.5)2 + (−3.2)2 + (−1.4)2 + (0.8)2 + (2.5)2 + (4.1)2 = 56.15

𝑖=1
6

∑ 𝑥 3 𝑖 = (−4.5)3 + (−3.2)3 + (−1.4)3 + (0.8)3 + (2.5)3 + (4.1)3 = −41.57

𝑖=1
6

∑ 𝑥 4 𝑖 = (−4.5)4 + (−3.2)4 + (−1.4)4 + (0.8)4 + (2.5)4 + (4.1)4 = 840.80

𝑖=1
6

∑ 𝑥 5 𝑖 = (−4.5)5 + (−3.2)5 + (−1.4)5 + (0.8)5 + (2.5)5 + (4.1)5 = −929.65

𝑖=1
6

∑ 𝑥 6 𝑖 = (−4.5)6 + (−3.2)6 + (−1.4)6 + (0.8)6 + (2.5)6 + (4.1)6 = 14379.54

𝑖=1

Los términos constantes son:

6

∑ 𝑦𝑖 = 0.7 + 2.3 + 3.8 + 5.0 + 5.5 + 5.6 = 22.9

𝑖=1
6

∑ 𝑥𝑖 𝑦𝑖 = (−4.5)0.7 + (−3.2)2.3 + (−1.4)3.8 + (0.8)5.0 + (2.5)5.5 + (4.1)5.6 = 24.88

𝑖=1

∑ 𝑥 2 𝑖 𝑦𝑖 = (−4.5)2 0.7 + (−3.2)2 2.3 + (−1.4)2 3.8 + (0.8)2 5.0 + (2.5)2 5.5 + (4.1)2 5.6 = 176.88
𝑖=1

∑ 𝑥 3 𝑖 𝑦𝑖 = (−4.5)3 0.7 + (−3.2)3 2.3 + (−1.4)3 3.8 + (0.8)3 5.0 + (2.5)3 5.5 + (4.1)3 5.6 = 324.874
𝑖=1
Se construye la matriz

6 −1.7 56.15 −41.57 𝑎1 22.9

−17 56.15 −41.57 840.80 𝑎2 24.88
[ | 𝑎 ]=[ ]
56.15 −41.57 840.80 −929.65 3 176.88
−41.57 840.80 −929.65 14579.54 𝑎4 234.87

𝑎1 = 263.3701
𝑎 = 191483.8764
=[ 2 ]
𝑎3 = −69374.6181
𝑎4 = 3279827.2188
Poligono de grado 3 es

𝑦 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑎3 𝑥 3 + 𝑎4 𝑥 4

y = 263.3701 + 191483.8764x − (−69374.8181)𝑥 2 + 3279827.2188𝑥 3

Polinomio de grado 4

Elementos de la matriz M=6

La matriz a resolver seria de 5x5, entonces hallamos los coeficientes:

𝑀 𝑥𝑖 𝑥 2 𝑖 𝑥 3 𝑖 𝑥 4 𝑖 𝑎1 𝑦𝑖
𝑥𝑖 𝑥2𝑖 𝑥3𝑖 𝑥4𝑖 𝑥5𝑖 | 𝑎2 𝑥𝑖 𝑦𝑖
𝑥2𝑖 𝑥3𝑖 𝑥4𝑖 𝑥5𝑖 𝑥6𝑖 𝑎3 = 𝑥 2 𝑖𝑦𝑖
𝑥3𝑖 𝑥4𝑖 𝑥5𝑖 𝑥6𝑖 𝑥7𝑖| 𝑎4 𝑥 3 𝑖𝑦𝑖
𝑎5 4
[ 𝑥4𝑖 𝑥5𝑖 𝑥6𝑖 𝑥7𝑖 𝑥8𝑖 ] [𝑥 𝑖𝑦𝑖 ]

∑ 𝑥𝑖 = −4.5 + (−3.2) + (−1.4) + 0.8 + 2.5 + 4.1 = −1.7

𝑖=1
6

∑ 𝑥 2 𝑖 = (−4.5)2 + (−3.2)2 + (−1.4)2 + (0.8)2 + (2.5)2 + (4.1)2 = 56.15

𝑖=1
6

∑ 𝑥 3 𝑖 = (−4.5)3 + (−3.2)3 + (−1.4)3 + (0.8)3 + (2.5)3 + (4.1)3 = −41.57

𝑖=1
6

∑ 𝑥 4 𝑖 = (−4.5)4 + (−3.2)4 + (−1.4)4 + (0.8)4 + (2.5)4 + (4.1)4 = 840.80

𝑖=1
6

∑ 𝑥 5 𝑖 = (−4.5)5 + (−3.2)5 + (−1.4)5 + (0.8)5 + (2.5)5 + (4.1)5 = −929.65

𝑖=1
6

∑ 𝑥 6 𝑖 = (−4.5)6 + (−3.2)6 + (−1.4)6 + (0.8)6 + (2.5)6 + (4.1)6 = 14379.54

𝑖=1
6

∑ 𝑥 7 𝑖 = (−4.5)7 + (−3.2)7 + (−1.4)7 + (0.8)7 + (2.5)7 + (4.1)7 = −20727.47

𝑖=1
6

∑ 𝑥 8 𝑖 = (−4.5)8 + (−3.2)8 + (−1.4)8 + (0.8)8 + (2.5)8 + (4.1)8 = 260536.42

𝑖=1

Los términos constantes son:

6

∑ 𝑦𝑖 = 0.7 + 2.3 + 3.8 + 5.0 + 5.5 + 5.6 = 22.9

𝑖=1
6

∑ 𝑥𝑖 𝑦𝑖 = (−4.5)0.7 + (−3.2)2.3 + (−1.4)3.8 + (0.8)5.0 + (2.5)5.5 + (4.1)5.6 = 24.88

𝑖=1

∑ 𝑥 2 𝑖 𝑦𝑖 = (−4.5)2 0.7 + (−3.2)2 2.3 + (−1.4)2 3.8 + (0.8)2 5.0 + (2.5)2 5.5 + (4.1)2 5.6 = 176.88
𝑖=1
 6

∑ 𝑥 3 𝑖 𝑦𝑖 = (−4.5)3 0.7 + (−3.2)3 2.3 + (−1.4)3 3.8 + (0.8)3 5.0 + (2.5)3 5.5 + (4.1)3 5.6 = 324.874
𝑖=1

∑ 𝑥 4 𝑖 𝑦𝑖 = (−4.5)4 0.7 + (−3.2)4 2.3 + (−1.4)4 3.8 + (0.8)4 5.0 + (2.5)4 5.5 + (4.1)4 5.6 = 2342.12
𝑖=1

Se construye la matriz

6 −1.7 56.15 −41.57 840.80 𝑎1 22.9

−17 56.15 −41.57 840.80 −929.65 𝑎2 24.88
56.15 −41.57 840.80 −929.65 14579.54 | 𝑎3 = 176.88
|
−41.57 840.80 −929.65 14579.54 −20727.47 𝑎4 234.87
[840.80 − 929.65 14379.54 −20727.47 260536.42 𝑎5 ] [2342.13]

𝑎1 = 4.62
𝑎2 = 0.49
= 𝑎3 = −0.05
𝑎4 = 0.0020
[𝑎5 = −0.0008]

Poligono de grado 4 es

𝑦 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑎3 𝑥 3 + 𝑎4 𝑥 4 + 𝑎5 𝑎5

y = 4.628 + 0.496x − 0.0582𝑥 2 + 0.002014𝑥 3 − 0.0008𝑥 4