IELTS Practice Tests Plus B1, Test 2, Reading 3

1
obvious (to somebody) (that…) easy to see or understand
SYNONYM CLEAR
It was obvious to everyone that the child had been badly treated.
It's obvious from what she said that something is wrong.
capable adj having the ability or qualities necessary for doing something
apable of something You are capable of better work than this.
capable of doing something He's quite capable of lying to get out of trouble.
significant adj having an important effect or influence, especially on what will
happen in the future
His most significant political achievement was the abolition of the death
penalty.
significant for The result is highly significant for the future of the province.
it is significant that It is significant that the writers of the report were all men.
Opposite insignificant
label to use a word or phrase to describe someone or something, but often unfairly or
incorrectly
label somebody/something (as) something The newspapers had unjustly
labelled him a troublemaker.
The regime was inevitably labelled as ‘communist’.
purely adv only; completely
I saw the letter purely by chance.
The charity is run on a purely voluntary basis.
quantitative adj connected with the amount or number of something rather than with
how good it is / định lượng
quantitative analysis/research
There is no difference between the two in quantitative terms.
route (to something) a particular way of achieving something
the route to success
There are a number of routes to qualifying as a social worker.
simple adj used before a noun to emphasize that it is exactly that and nothing else
Nobody wanted to believe the simple truth.
It was a matter of simple survival.
fall from grace/favour to stop being liked by people in authority
He fell from grace for the first time when he was convicted of drink-driving.
eclipse somebody/something to make somebody/something seem dull or unimportant
by comparison
SYNONYM OUTSHINE, OVERSHADOW
Though a talented player, he was completely eclipsed by his brother.
the advent of something/somebody [singular] the coming of an important event,
person, invention, etc.
the advent of new technology
 IQ the abbreviation for ‘intelligence quotient’ (a measurement of a person’s
intelligence that is calculated from the results of special tests)
an IQ of 120 to have a high/low IQ
luminary a person who is an expert or a great influence in a special area or activity
He has played with all the great jazz luminaries.
Various leading luminaries of the arts were invited.
2
eclipse somebody/something to make somebody/something seem dull or unimportant
by comparison
SYNONYM OUTSHINE, OVERSHADOW
Though a talented player, he was completely eclipsed by his brother.
in turn as a result of something
Interest rates were cut and, in turn, share prices rose.
multifaceted adj (formal) having many different aspects to be considered
a complex and multifaceted problem
recognize to admit or to be aware that something exists or is true
SYNONYM ACKNOWLEDGE
recognize something They recognized the need to take the problem seriously.
recognize something as something Drugs were not recognized as a problem
then.
recognize how, what, etc… Nobody recognized how urgent the situation was.
recognize that… We recognized that the task was not straightforward.
it is recognized that… It was recognized that this solution could only be
temporary.
recognize somebody/something to be/have something Drugs were not
recognized to be a problem then.
purely adv only; completely
I saw the letter purely by chance.
The charity is run on a purely voluntary basis.
therefore adv used to introduce the logical result of something that has just been
mentioned
He's only 17 and therefore not eligible to vote.
There is still much to discuss. We shall, therefore, return to this item at our
next meeting.
across prep in every part of a place, group of people, etc.
SYNONYM THROUGHOUT
Her family is scattered across the country.
run [intransitive] (usually used in the progressive tenses) to happen at the time
mentioned
+ adv./prep. Programmes are running a few minutes behind schedule this
evening.
The murderer was given three life sentences, to run concurrently.
inherit something (from somebody) to have qualities, physical features, etc. that are
similar to those of your parents, grandparents, etc.
 He has inherited his mother's patience.
She inherited a passion for music from her grandfather.
an inherited disease
dysfunction U C (medical) the fact of a part of the body not working normally / sự
hoạt động khác thường của một cơ quan trong cơ thể
He's suffering from sexual dysfunction caused by depression.
schizophrenia U mental illness in which a person becomes unable to link thought,
emotion and behaviour, leading to withdrawal from reality and personal
relationships / bệnh tâm thần phân liệt
capacity [countable, usually singular, uncountable] the ability to understand or to do
somethingintellectual capacity
capacity for something She has an enormous capacity for hard work.
capacity for doing something Limited resources are restricting our capacity
for developing new products.
capacity to do something your capacity to enjoy life
pass sth on to give something, especially a disease, to your children through
your genes
3
throw light on sth to make something easier to understand by providing new
information
Recent investigations have thrown new light on how the two men died.
area (of something) C a particular subject or activity, or an aspect of it
the areas of training and development
Finance is Mark's area.
genetics U the scientific study of the ways in which different characteristics are
passed from each generation of living things to the next
allow for sth to consider or include somebody/something when calculating something
It will take about an hour to get there, allowing for traffic delays.
All these factors must be allowed for.
strain [countable] a particular type of plant or animal, or of a disease caused by
bacteria, etc.
a new strain of mosquitoes resistant to the poison
This is only one of the many strains of the disease.
reasoning U the process of thinking about things in a logical way; opinions and ideas
that are based on logical thinking
What is the reasoning behind this decision?
This line of reasoning is faulty.
maze a system of paths separated by walls or hedges built in a park or garden, that is
designed so that it is difficult to find your way through
We got lost in the maze.
(figurative) The building is a maze of corridors.
bright adj intelligent; quick to learn
the brightest pupil in the class
Do you have any bright ideas (= clever ideas)?
dull adj intelligent; quick to learn
the brightest pupil in the class
Do you have any bright ideas (= clever ideas)?
dull adj not interesting or exciting
SYNONYM DREARY
Life in a small town could be deadly dull.
The countryside was flat, dull and uninteresting.
maze a system of paths separated by walls or hedges built in a park or garden, that is
designed so that it is difficult to find your way through
We got lost in the maze.
(figurative) The building is a maze of corridors.
discrepancy U C a difference between two or more things that should be the same
discrepancy (in something) wide discrepancies in prices quoted for the work
discrepancy (between A and B) What are the reasons for the discrepancy
between girls' and boys' performance in school?
return if a feeling, situation etc returns, it starts to exist or happen again
If the pain returns, take two of the tablets with some water.
return to when peace finally returns to this country
Synonym come back
dull adj intelligent; quick to learn
the brightest pupil in the class
Do you have any bright ideas (= clever ideas)?
stimulate to encourage someone by making them excited about and interested in
something
Her interest in art was stimulated by her father.
stimulate somebody to do something An inspiring teacher can stimulate
students to succeed.
bright adj intelligent; quick to learn
the brightest pupil in the class
Do you have any bright ideas (= clever ideas)?
principle the basic idea that a plan or system is based on
The general principle is that education should be available to all children up
to the age of 16.
basic/fundamental/guiding principle the basic principles of business
management
apply [intransitive, transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses) to concern or relate
to somebody/something
Special conditions apply if you are under 18.
apply to somebody/something What I am saying applies only to some of you.
apply something to somebody/something The word ‘unexciting’ could never
be applied to her novels.
innate adj (of a quality, feeling, etc.) that you have when you are born
SYNONYM INBORN
the innate ability to learn
 He never lost his innate sense of fun.
say (in something) [singular, uncountable] the right to influence something by giving
your opinion before a decision is made
We had no say in the decision to sell the company.
People want a greater say in local government.
4
significant adj having an important effect or influence, especially on what will
happen in the future
Please inform us if there are any significant changes in your plans.
significant for The result is highly significant for the future of the province.
Opposite insignificant
sustainable adj that can continue or be continued for a long time
sustainable economic growth
Unfortunately, this level of output is not sustainable.
sporting adj [only before noun] connected with sports
a major sporting event a range of sporting activities
prowess [uncountable] great skill at doing something
academic/sporting prowess
He was complimented on his prowess as an oarsman.
bright adj intelligent; quick to learn
the brightest pupil in the class
Do you have any bright ideas (= clever ideas)?
parental adj [usually before noun] connected with a parent or parents
parental responsibility/rights
parental choice in education the parental home
by default if something happens by default, it happens because you have not made
any other decision or choices which would make things happen in a different way /
theo mặc định
I became a teacher by default rather than by design.
in turn as a result of something
Interest rates were cut and, in turn, share prices rose.
breed something to be the cause of something
Nothing breeds success like success.
undervalue somebody/something [usually passive] to not recognize how good,
valuable or important somebody/something really is
Education is currently undervalued in this country.
He believes his house has been undervalued.
Opposite overvalue
come to sth to reach a particular situation, especially a bad one
The doctors will operate if necessary—but it may not come to that.
Who'd have thought things would come to this (= become so bad)?
fruition [uncountable] (formal) the successful result of a plan, a process or an activity
After months of hard work, our plans finally came to fruition.
His extravagant ideas were never brought to fruition.
theme the main subject or idea in a piece of writing, speech, film etc
The book’s theme is the conflict between love and duty.
main/central/major etc theme Campbell has made health care a central
theme in his campaign.
run through something if a quality, feature etc runs through something, it is present
in all of that thing
This theme runs through the whole book.
nurture something to help somebody/something to develop and be successful
SYNONYM FOSTER
It's important to nurture a good working relationship.
My father nurtured a love of art in me.
accordingly adv in a way that is suitable for a particular situation or that is based on
what someone has done or said
Katherine still considered him a child and treated him accordingly.
even-handed adj giving fair and equal treatment to everyone
He was very even-handed in the way he treated his employees.
Synonym fair
manner [singular] formal the way in which something is done or happens
manner of (doing) something It seemed rather an odd manner of deciding
things.
in a ... manner I had hoped you would behave in a more responsible manner.
rivalry U C a state in which two people, companies, etc. are competing for the same
thing
rivalry (with somebody/something) (for something) a fierce rivalry for
world supremacy
rivalry (between A and B) (for something) There is a certain amount of
friendly rivalry between the teams.
sibling rivalry (= between brothers and sisters)
say [transitive, no passive] to suggest or give something as an example or a possibility
say something/somebody You could learn the basics in, let's say, three
months.
Let’s take any writer, say (= for example) Dickens…
say (that)… Say you lose your job: what would you do then?
undue adj [only before noun] (formal) more than you think is reasonable or necessary
SYNONYM EXCESSIVE
They are taking undue advantage of the situation.
The work should be carried out without undue delay.
the boards [plural] (old-fashioned, informal) the stage in a theatre
His play is on the boards on Broadway.
She's treading the boards (= working as an actress).
set/put something in motion to start something moving
They set the machinery in motion.
(figurative) The wheels of change have been set in motion.
 acting [uncountable] the activity or profession of performing in plays, films/movies,
etc.
She started her acting career while still at school.
dynasty informal a group or family that controls a
particular business or organization for a long time
the Rothschild banking dynasty
5
parental adj [usually before noun] connected with a parent or parents
parental responsibility/rights
parental choice in education the parental home
intense adj having a very strong effect or felt very strongly
Young people today are under intense pressure to succeed.
He took an intense interest in all religious matters.
turn your back on somebody/something to reject somebody/something that you
have previously been connected with
She turned her back on them when they needed her.
Some newspapers have turned their backs on discussion and argument.
priest a person who is qualified to perform religious duties and ceremonies in the
Roman Catholic, Anglican and Orthodox Churches
a parish priest the ordination of women priests
fledgling adj (British English also fledgeling) (usually before another noun) a person,
an organization or a system that is new and without experience
fledgling democracies
badlands (plural) large areas of land that have been farmed too much with the result
that plants will not grow there / vùng đất cằn cỗi
the Badlands a large area of land in the western US where plants will not grow
apocalypse [singular, uncountable] the destruction of the world
Civilization is on the brink of apocalypse.
the Apocalypse [singular] the end of the world, as described in the Bible
highly adv with admiration or praise
His teachers think very highly of him (= have a very good opinion of him).
She speaks highly of you.
Her novels are very highly regarded.
regard to think about somebody/something in a particular way
regard somebody/something (+ adv./prep.) Her work is very highly
regarded.
regard somebody/something/yourself as something Capital punishment was
regarded as inhuman and immoral.
She is widely regarded as the current leader's natural successor.
profession [countable] a type of job that needs special training or skill, especially one
that needs a high level of education
the medical/legal/teaching, etc. profession
to enter/go into/join a profession
(He was an electrician by profession.
 inspire to encourage someone by making them feel confident and eager to do
something
We need someone who can inspire the team.
inspire somebody to do something He inspired many young people to take
up the sport.
inspire somebody to something I hope this success will inspire you to greater
efforts.
motivation U eagerness and willingness to do something without needing to be told
or forced to do it
somebody’s motivation efforts to improve employees’ motivation Jack is an
intelligent pupil, but he lacks motivation.
6
stream of something a large number of things that happen one after the other
a constant stream of enquiries
The agency provided me with a steady stream of work.
run through something if a quality, feature etc runs through something, it is present
in all of that thing
This theme runs through the whole book.
smother somebody to give somebody too much love or protection so that they feel
restricted
Her husband was very loving, but she felt smothered.
wanted adj someone, especially a child, who is wanted is loved and cared for
secure adj feeling confident about yourself and your abilities
We want our children to be secure and feel good about themselves.
Opposite insecure
calling (formal) a profession or career
My father considered engineering one of the highest possible callings.
dedication U hard work or effort that someone puts into a particular activity because
they care about it a lot
To reach a high level of skill requires talent, dedication, and a lot of hard
work.
dedication to I admire his dedication to the job.
master someone who is very skilled at something
master of Runyon was a master of the short story.
master at (doing) something She’s a master at manipulating people.
craft C a job or activity in which you make things with your hands, and that you
usually need skill to do
traditional rural crafts arts and crafts
craft [singular] all the skills needed for a particular activity
chefs who learned their craft in top hotels
the writer’s craft
less used with uncountable nouns to mean ‘a smaller amount of’
less butter/time/importance
It is less of a problem than I'd expected.
 achieve to be successful in a particular kind of job or activity
We want all our students to achieve within their chosen profession.
7
generation the process of producing something or making something happen
generation of the generation of electricity
Synonym production
parental adj [usually before noun] connected with a parent or parents
parental responsibility/rights
parental choice in education the parental home
concerned adj [not before noun] involved in something or affected by it
Divorce is very painful, especially when children are concerned.
concerned with all the people concerned with children’s education
concerned in There was no evidence that he was concerned in any criminal
activity.
undoubted adj [usually before noun] used to emphasize that something exists or is
definitely true / rõ ràng, chắc chắn, không thể tranh cãi được, không bị hoài nghi
SYNONYM INDUBITABLE
She has an undoubted talent as an organizer.
The event was an undoubted success.
fine adj [usually before noun] very good or of a very high standard
Many people regard Beethoven’s fifth symphony as his finest work.
He’s a very fine player.
age [countable usually singular] a particular period of history
We are living in the age of technology.
Molecular biology is pushing medicine into a new age.
Synonym era
writing U the activity of writing books, stories etc
In 1991 she retired from politics and took up writing as a career.
a short story that stands out as a brilliant piece of writing
to the point of (doing) something to a degree that can be described as something
He was rude to the point of being aggressive.
promote to help something to develop or increase
a meeting to promote trade between Taiwan and the UK
Fertilizer promotes leaf growth.
composition the art or process of writing pieces of music, poems etc
The Journals contain accounts of literary composition.
view to think about somebody/something in a particular way
view (somebody/something as something) When the car was first built, the
design was viewed as highly original.
view somebody/something with something She viewed him with suspicion.
sublime adj of very high quality and causing great admiration
sublime beauty a sublime combination of flavours
at will whenever or wherever you like
They were able to come and go at will.
 hedonistic adj based on the belief that pleasure is the most important thing in life
the hedonistic philosophy of ‘eat, drink and be merry for tomorrow we die!’
8
blossom [intransitive] to become more healthy, confident or successful
She has visibly blossomed over the last few months.
blossom into something Their friendship blossomed into love.
by/in virtue of something (formal) by means of or because of something
She got the job by virtue of her greater experience.
solitary adj (of a person or an animal) enjoying being alone; frequently spending time
alone
He was a solitary child.
Tigers are solitary animals.
somewhat adv to some degree
SYNONYM RATHER
I was somewhat surprised to see him.
The situation has changed somewhat since we last met.
affection [uncountable, singular] the feeling of liking or loving somebody/something
very much and caring about them
Children need lots of love and affection.
He didn't show his wife any affection.
affection for somebody/something Mr Darcy’s affection for his sister
phenominal adj very great or impressive
SYNONYM EXTRAORDINARY
The product has been a phenomenal success.
The company has seen phenomenal growth.
emerge if facts emerge, they become known after being hidden or secret
Eventually the truth emerged.
it emerges that Later it emerged that the judge had employed an illegal
immigrant.
parental adj [usually before noun] connected with a parent or parents
parental responsibility/rights
parental choice in education the parental home
input U C ideas, advice, money, or effort that you put into a job or activity in order to
help it succeed
input into/to Farmers contributed most of the input into the survey.
input from We’ll need input from community nurses.
Newtonian adj relating to the laws of physics that were discovered by
the scientist Isaac Newton
Newtonian mechanics
question to have or express doubts about whether something is true,
good, necessary etc
question what/how/when etc Are you questioning what I’m saying? No one
dared to question his decisions.
question whether One questions whether he’s telling the truth.
 breeding, fertile, proving ground a situation in which something develops quickly
or successfully
The region, with its widespread poverty, provided fertile ground for
revolutionary activists.
breeding/fertile/proving ground for My task was to prepare the ground for
the recruitment of support workers.
vision an idea of what you think something should be like
vision of He had a clear vision of how he hoped the company would develop.
vision for The president outlined his vision for the future.
grand/powerful/original etc vision a grand vision for the country
age [countable usually singular] a particular period of history
We are living in the age of technology.
Molecular biology is pushing medicine into a new age.
Synonym era
dawn [intransitive] (of a day or a period of time) to begin
The following morning dawned bright and warm.
A new technological age had dawned.
stage [singular] a place or area of activity where something important happens
on the world/international/political etc stage He’s an experienced
campaigner on the world stage.
important figures on the European political stage
occupy to have an official position or job
Before becoming prime minister, he had already occupied several cabinet
posts.
Synonym hold
Tip strip
stage [countable] a particular time or state that something reaches as it grows
or develops
stage of/in the early stages of a child’s development
It’s a good move at this stage in his career.
over time if something happens over time, it happens gradually during a long period
The research project will be assessed over time.
Students are encouraged to consider the way language changes over time.
Questions 28-29
Answers
approach C a method of doing something or dealing with a problem
approach to a new approach to teaching languages
He decided to adopt a different approach and teach the Bible through story-
telling.
28 IG /intelligence Para 1: Test (s)/testing percentage definition was eclipsed by the
advent of IQ tests
IQ the abbreviation for ‘intelligence quotient’ (a measurement of a person’s
intelligence that is calculated from the results of special tests)
an IQ of 120 to have a high/low IQ
 eclipse somebody/something to make somebody/something seem dull or unimportant
by comparison
SYNONYM OUTSHINE, OVERSHADOW
Though a talented player, he was completely eclipsed by his brother.
the advent of something/somebody [singular] the coming of an important event,
person, invention, etc.
the advent of new technology
29 multi-faceted approach Para 2: The IQ test has been eclipsed in turn. Most people ...
now prefer ... a multi-faceted approach
multifaceted adj (formal) having many different aspects to be considered
a complex and multifaceted problem
approach C a method of doing something or dealing with a problem
approach to a new approach to teaching languages
He decided to adopt a different approach and teach the Bible through story-
telling.
eclipse somebody/something to make somebody/something seem dull or unimportant
by comparison
SYNONYM OUTSHINE, OVERSHADOW
Though a talented player, he was completely eclipsed by his brother.
in turn as a result of something
Interest rates were cut and, in turn, share prices rose.
Tip strip
paraphrase C a statement that expresses in a shorter, clearer, or different way
what someone has said or written
Questions 30-32
Answers
30 B Para 4: Individual differences ... as a particular problem.
rivalry U C a state in which two people, companies, etc. are competing for the same
thing
rivalry (with somebody/something) (for something) a fierce rivalry for
world supremacy
rivalry (between A and B) (for something) There is a certain amount of
friendly rivalry between the teams.
sibling rivalry (= between brothers and sisters)
31 C Para 6: ... are often more surrounded ... to be important
vocational adj connected with the skills, knowledge, etc. that you need to have in
order to do a particular job
vocational education/qualifications/training
commitment U the hard work and loyalty that someone gives to
an organization, activity etc
I was impressed by the energy and commitment shown by the players.
commitment to Her commitment to work is beyond question.
calling (formal) a profession or career
My father considered engineering one of the highest possible callings.
32 E Para 6: They may see from ... achieve for themselves.
approach C a method of doing something or dealing with a problem
approach to a new approach to teaching languages
He decided to adopt a different approach and teach the Bible through story-
telling.
dedication U hard work or effort that someone puts into a particular activity because
they care about it a lot
To reach a high level of skill requires talent, dedication, and a lot of hard
work.
dedication to I admire his dedication to the job.
master someone who is very skilled at something
master of Runyon was a master of the short story.
master at (doing) something She’s a master at manipulating people.
craft C a job or activity in which you make things with your hands, and that you
usually need skill to do
traditional rural crafts arts and crafts
craft [singular] all the skills needed for a particular activity
chefs who learned their craft in top hotels
the writer’s craft
less used with uncountable nouns to mean ‘a smaller amount of’
less butter/time/importance
It is less of a problem than I'd expected.
achieve to be successful in a particular kind of job or activity
We want all our students to achieve within their chosen profession.
parental adj [usually before noun] connected with a parent or parents
parental responsibility/rights
parental choice in education the parental home
affection [uncountable, singular] the feeling of liking or loving somebody/something
very much and caring about them
Children need lots of love and affection.
He didn't show his wife any affection.
affection for somebody/something Mr Darcy’s affection for his sister
motivation U eagerness and willingness to do something without needing to be told
or forced to do it
somebody’s motivation efforts to improve employees’ motivation
Jack is an intelligent pupil, but he lacks motivation.
a high level of motivation
Questions 33-34
33 C Para 3: The conclusion of the experiment was that a dull rat in ... a normal one.
motivate somebody [often passive] to be the reason why somebody does something
or behaves in a particular way
He is motivated entirely by self-interest.
bright adj intelligent; quick to learn
the brightest pupil in the class
 Do you have any bright ideas (= clever ideas)?
dull adj intelligent; quick to learn
the brightest pupil in the class
Do you have any bright ideas (= clever ideas)?
stimulate to encourage someone by making them excited about and interested in
something
Her interest in art was stimulated by her father.
stimulate somebody to do something An inspiring teacher can stimulate students to
succeed.
bright adj intelligent; quick to learn
the brightest pupil in the class
Do you have any bright ideas (= clever ideas)?
34 A Para 4: ... there always needs ... acting dynasty
cite something (as something) to mention something as a reason or an example, or in
order to support what you are saying
He cited his heavy workload as the reason for his breakdown.
line [singular] your family, considered as the people you are related to who lived
before you and the people who will live after you
She comes from a long line of actors.
It looks as if Joe might be the last of the line (=the last in his family).
flair for something [singular, uncountable] a natural ability to do something well
SYNONYM TALENT
He has a flair for languages.
benefit [intransitive, transitive] if you benefit from something, or it benefits you, it
gives you an advantage, improves your life, or helps you in some way
They are working together to benefit the whole community.
benefit from/by Many thousands have benefited from the new treatment.
set/put something in motion to start something moving
They set the machinery in motion.
(figurative) The wheels of change have been set in motion.
acting [uncountable] the activity or profession of performing in plays, films/movies,
etc.
She started her acting career while still at school.
dynasty informal a group or family that controls a
particular business or organization for a long time
the Rothschild banking dynasty
Questions 35-39
claim a statement that something is true, even though it has not been provedclaim
that
Gould rejected claims that he had acted irresponsibly.
Answers
35 NOT GIVEN IQ tests are referred to briefly in the first two paragraphs, but no
information is given about their reliability. They became less popular amongst
researchers.
 IQ the abbreviation for ‘intelligence quotient’ (a measurement of a person’s
intelligence that is calculated from the results of special tests)
an IQ of 120 to have a high/low IQ
briefly adv in few words
Briefly, the argument is as follows…
Let me tell you briefly what happened.
36 YES Para 4: This can sometimes cause problems with other siblings ... their creative
talents ... come to fruition.
potential [uncountable] qualities that exist and can be developed
SYNONYM PROMISE
All children should be encouraged to realize their full potential.
She has great potential as an artist.
undervalue somebody/something [usually passive] to not recognize how good,
valuable or important somebody/something really is
Education is currently undervalued in this country.
He believes his house has been undervalued.
Opposite overvalue
come to sth to reach a particular situation, especially a bad one
The doctors will operate if necessary—but it may not come to that.
Who'd have thought things would come to this (= become so bad)?
fruition [uncountable] (formal) the successful result of a plan, a process or an activity
After months of hard work, our plans finally came to fruition.
His extravagant ideas were never brought to fruition.
37 YES Para 7: This last point ... luck – is often not mentioned ... an undoubted part.
equation [countable, usually singular] a problem or situation in which several things
must be considered and dealt with
When children enter the equation, further tensions may arise within a
marriage.
undoubted adj [usually before noun] used to emphasize that something exists or is
definitely true / rõ ràng, chắc chắn, không thể tranh cãi được, không bị hoài nghi
SYNONYM INDUBITABLE
She has an undoubted talent as an organizer.
The event was an undoubted success.
38 NO Para 7: Mozart himself ... view himself as a genius.
acutely aware/conscious noticing or feeling something very strongly
I am acutely aware of the difficulties we face.
remarkable adj unusual or surprising and therefore deserving attention or praise
She has made remarkable progress. a remarkable coincidence
remarkable feat/achievement/accomplishment It’s a remarkable
achievement for the company.
it is remarkable that It is remarkable that women did not have the vote until
that time.
remarkable for His drawings are remarkable for their accuracy.
view to think about somebody/something in a particular way
 view (somebody/something as something) When the car was first built, the
design was viewed as highly original.
view somebody/something with something She viewed him with suspicion.
39 NO Para 8: Albert Einstein ... they were living in.
era a period of time, usually in history, that is different from other periods because of
particular characteristics or events
the Victorian/modern/post-war era
When she left the firm, it was the end of an era (= things were different after
that).
a new era of peace
blossom [intransitive] to become more healthy, confident or successful
She has visibly blossomed over the last few months.
blossom into something Their friendship blossomed into love.
by/in virtue of something (formal) by means of or because of something
Tip strip
global adj including and considering all the parts of a situation together, rather than
the individual parts separately
The auditor’s report takes a global view of the figures.
Question 40
Answer D The passage discusses how geniuses or very talented people emerge. It
considers the factors that have an influence and in particular it focuses on the family
environment.
revise vi vt to study facts again, in order to learn them before an examination
I’ve got to revise my geography.
revise for She’s revising for her history exam.
Synonym review, study
nurture something to help somebody/something to develop and be successful
SYNONYM FOSTER
It's important to nurture a good working relationship.
My father nurtured a love of art in me.
emerge to begin to be known or noticed
a religious sect that emerged in the 1830s
emerge as Local government has recently emerged as a major issue.