Muscles

Muscles:
Organization
10/23/09

Chemical energy  mechanical energy

Overview Muscles
3 types
• 3 types of muscle
• Control of muscle skeletal cardiac smooth
• Characteristics and functions of muscle
• Skeletal Muscle: Gross Anatomy
• Skeletal Muscle: Microscopic Anatomy

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 Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle

Location: attached to bony skeleton Location: heart walls

Function: overall body movement Function: circulation of blood
Striated Striated
Voluntary Involuntary

Table 9.3 Table 9.3

Control of muscles
Smooth
Nervous system 101
Location: hollow organs
Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain +
(ie. stomach, bladder, respiratory passage)
Processes sensory data spinal
Function: force substances and motor commands
cord
through channels
Nonstriated
Somatic nervous system: Autonomic nervous system:
Involuntary Voluntary control Involuntary control

Table 9.3

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 Control of muscles
Characteristics of muscle tissue
Skeletal muscles Smooth muscles
1. Excitability (responsiveness)

Autonomic
2. Contractibility
Somatic
nervous system nervous system
3. Extensibility
Cardiac muscles:
pacemaker cells, 4. Elasticity
autonomic nervous system

Skeletal Muscle: Gross Anatomy

Functions of muscles
A muscle consists of - connective tissue
1. Produce body movements - muscle fibers 1. endomysium
- fascicles: bundle of fibers 2. perimysium
2. Maintain posture
- bundle of fascicles 3. epimysium
3. Stabilize joints

4. Generate heat
Attached to
bone via
tendons
Fig. 9.1

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 Skeletal Muscle: Gross Anatomy Skeletal Muscle: Microscopic Anatomy
A muscle consists of Muscle Fiber
- blood vessels
- nerve fibers
Sarcolemma: plasma membrane

Sarcoplasm: cytoplasm

Myofibril: rodlike contractile element

Fig. 9.1 Fig. 9.2b

Skeletal Muscle: Microscopic Anatomy Skeletal Muscle: Microscopic Anatomy

Myofibril Structures encircling myofibrils
Myofilaments: thick and thin
1. Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) 2. T tubules
Patterns: A and I bands, Z disc
– Smooth ER – Continuous with SR
Sarcomere: functional contraction unit
– Calcium storage – Transverse all
myofibrils
Part of muscle
fiber (cell)
Triad = 2
terminal
Myofibrils cisternae of
SR + T tubule
Sarcoplasmic
reticulum
T tubules
Mitochondria Fig. 9.5
Fig. 9.2c, e
I: thin A end: Thick and thin

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 Summary Next time
• Skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle have
different locations, functions and controls. Muscle physiology: how exactly do
• All muscle share certain characteristics and we move our muscles?
functions.
• Skeletal muscle consists of layers of connective
tissue bundling muscle fibers.
• Muscle fibers consists of myofibrils which
contain patterns of thin and thick filaments.
Myofibrils are encircled by SR and T tubules.